Kakazai

The Kakazai (Pashto: کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي, Urdu, Persian: کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی),^[1][2] also known as Loi, Loe, or Loye Mamund (Pashto: لوی ماموند; Urdu: لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند), a division of the Mamund clan,^[3] are a Pashtun tribe part of the larger Tarkani (ترکاڼي) tribe^[4] who are primarily settled in Bajaur Agency, Pakistan, but originally hailed from the Laghman province of Afghanistan. However, it has grown and scattered around to such an extent that it is recognized as tribe of its own.^[5][2]

Read Family Tree of Kakazai Pashtun Tribe on Page 555 from "Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India" - Published 1907 :: Courtesy: The British Library

Kakazai Pashtuns - Page 22 from "A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India" - Published 1910 :: Courtesy: The British Library

Family Tree — From Qais Abdul Rashid to the Kakazai (Loi Mamund) Pashtuns

Daulat Khel, Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel, Sub-divisions of Kakazai Pashtun Tribe :: Courtesy: The British Library

Etymology

The name "Kakazai" means "descendants/offspring/children of Kaka (کاکا / ککا)" (in Pashto, Kaka literally means Uncle and used to address an elderly person as well as Paternal Uncle whereas Kakae = a contemporary but obsolete Afghan name for a male.^{[6][7][2][8][9]} Zai (Pashto: زي, Persian: زَئی) = children of, a root also used in other Pashtun tribes such as Yousafzai). Given that Mamund, the father of Kakazai, had two sons: Kakazai and Wur or Wara (Pashto: ووړ), meaning small, little or minor, also known as Wur Mamund or Wara Mamund (Pashto: واړه / وړہ مَاموند), meaning small, little or minor Mamund or descendants/offspring/children of small, little, minor Mamund, thus, in this particular case Kakazai means descendants/offspring/children of the elder person/brother hence also known as Loi Mamund (Pashto: لوی ماموند; Urdu: لوئی / لوئے مَاموند), meaning great, large, huge, big Mamund or descendants/offspring/children of great, large, huge, big Mamund. Spelling variants include: Kakizi, Kakaezai, Kakezai, Kakaizai, Kakay Zai, Kakayzai, Kakeyzai, Kaka Zai and Kakkayzai.^{[10][11][12][13]}

History

Early history

The Kakazai, along with other Pashtun tribes, came to South Asia during invasions such as those of Mahmud of Ghazni and Bahlul Lodi, settling in various regions.^{[6][14][7][15]}

Noting the martial legacy of the Kakazai Pashtuns, Pir Moazzam Shah in his book ‘Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani’ (Page 89-91 - Originally Published in 1624 AD) and Olaf Caroe in his book ‘The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957’ (Page 184-185 - First published in 1958), wrote about a battle between the Yousafzais and the Dilazaks in which Malik Haibu (Dilazak) was given the first sword blow by Payenda Kakazai Tarklanri but eventually got beheaded by Burhan Kakazai Tarklanri sword blow while fighting on the side of the Yousafzais in order to aid them to conquer Bajour from the Dilazaks.^[7][16][17]

For the invading armies, much of Punjab and other areas became a repository with rest houses, cantonments and border posts established to keep an eye on things in the region as well as to keep abreast of any new information (such as the possible weakening of another empire etc.), and many officers along with their families would settle there. As is still very true in large areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Afghanistan's Pashtun belt, the land is often quite barren and hostile only capable of hosting a limited population. Once the population or a tribe's numbers exceeded a certain threshold, they would often travel East to more settled areas (Sindh, Punjab, Kashmir etc.) or would be pushed out by other tribes in the search of productive agricultural land. The area of Sialkot principally, as well as Faisalabad, Wazirabad and parts of Lahore, had much productive agricultural lands and were ruled by a series of Pashtun families many of whom were Kakazai but also Burki and Niazi Pashtuns.^{[6][14][7][17]}

British-Raj era

Many Kakazai, Burki and other notable Pashtun families had previously settled in Jalandhar and Gurdaspur districts of Pre-independent British India where they had set up colonies. A major Kakazai group from Gurdaspur, East Punjab, India settled in twelve villages, including Babal Chak, Faizullah Chak, Sut Kohiah (Satkoha), and Wazir Chak, near Dhariwal. At the independence in August 1947, having been initially told they (being Muslim) would be in Pakistan, they were caught up in the ensuing violence and the survivors displaced when their area became part of India.^{[12][13][18][19][20][21][2][22]}

Modern era

Today, the majority of the Kakazai reside in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

In Afghanistan, they reside in Marawara District, and the Barkanai and Shortan areas of Kunar^[23] as well as some areas of Laghman.^[8]

In Pakistan, they reside in all provinces, particularly in the areas of Dara Kakazai (Valley of Watelai, also known as Mamund Valley),^[24] Bajaur Agency (Lagharai, Kalozai, Kaga, Mukha, Maina and Ghakhi areas of Mamund Tehsil), Peshawar,^[25] Lahore,^[26][27] Abbottabad, Sialkot (The Kakazai are still among the dominant tribes in Sialkot despite city's cosmopolitan flavor, and are still the original owners of vast swathes of prime land in this district.),^[28] Dera Ghazi Khan, Quetta, Karachi, Kashmir, Jehlum, Bhalwal, Sargodha, Chakwal, Gujrat, Chak Karal, Isa Khel, Musa Khel, and Killi Kakazai (Pishin, Baluchistan).^{[8][13][29][30][2][22]}

Consequently, the Kakazai Pashtuns not residing in Pashto-speaking areas, despite practicing Pashtunwali and maintaining dress, cuisine and martial legacy as per their Pashtun traditions, do not exclusively speak Pashto but may speak other languages indigenous to Pakistan such as Urdu, Punjabi, Siraiki, Hindko and Balochi.^[10][7][8]

Sub-divisions

• Daulat Khel
• Khulozai
• Mahsud Khel
• Maghdud Khel
• Mahmud Khel
• Umar Khel
• Yusaf Khel

See also

• List of Kakazai people

References

1. • "A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India" (Part I. North of the Kabul River, including all Mohmands, and tribes west of the Indus), published by The General Staff Army Headquarter, Calcutta, India -(Originally Published 1910) :: The Kakazai Pashtuns are mentioned on Page 22 (under ‘K’ -Kakazai), Page 12 (under ‘D’ -Daulat Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans), Page 26 (under 'K' - Khulozai - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans), Page 29 (under ‘M’ -Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel - sub-divisions of Kakazai Pathans), Page 47 (under 'U' - Umar Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans) and Page 50 (under 'Y' -Yusaf Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans)
   • ^[usurped]- pp 86-89 & 261-262 & 310-312 (in Pashto)
   • "Military operations on the north-west frontiers of India, Papers regarding the British relations with the neighboring tribes of the north-west frontier of India, 1897-98"-Originally Published by Great Britain. India Office - 1898 (Page Number: 129)
   • Hanif, Mohammad (1980). "Life and Works of Hazrat Mian Mohammad Umar Chamkani". University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. pp. 404–405. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
   • قوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ - ۱۴۳ (in Urdu)
   • حداد فرهاد, ارواښاد قدرت الله (1 March 2013). "دهند په مغولي امپراتورۍ کې". Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development (in Pashto).
   • تذکره - د پښتنو اصليت او د هغوئ تاريخ - ليکـوال: روشن خان , نرګس سيماب - pp ۲۱۲-۲۱۶ (in Pashto)
   • افغانستاند, ټول (23 June 2013). "پښتانه څوک دی ؟ لمړۍ برخه". ددي ويبپاڼي د مضامينو بيا نشرول چه مأخذ يی ټول افغانستان ياد شي مجاز دئ (in Pashto).
2. . Khyber Gateway - Khyber.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
3. • "A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India" (Part I. North of the Kabul River, including all Mohmands, and tribes west of the Indus), published by The General Staff Army Headquarter, Calcutta, India -(Originally Published 1910) :: The Kakazai Pashtuns are mentioned on Page 22 (under ‘K’ -Kakazai), Page 12 (under ‘D’ -Daulat Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans), Page 26 (under 'K' - Khulozai - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans), Page 29 (under ‘M’ -Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel - sub-divisions of Kakazai Pathans), Page 47 (under 'U' - Umar Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans) and Page 50 (under 'Y' -Yusaf Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans)
   • Churchill, Winston S. (1897). The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of the Frontier War. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. p. 91. ISBN 978-1419184109.
   • Rasheed, Haroon (2002). History of the Pathans: The Sarabani Pathans, Vol 2. Haroon Rashid — Original from the University of Michigan. pp. 257–262. ASIN B00AJIRNNU.
   • Noelle, Christine (1997). State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863). Routledge. pp. 179–192. ISBN 978-0700706297.
   • A. H. McMahon and, A. D. G. Ramsay (1901). Report on the tribes of Dir, Swat, and Bajour together with the Utman-khel and Sam Ranizai. Saeed Book Bank, Pakistan. p. 9. ASIN B0006EF1OA.
4. • حداد فرهاد, ارواښاد قدرت الله (1 March 2013). "دهند په مغولي امپراتورۍ کې". Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development (in Pashto).
   • حیاتِ افغانی، طبع اوّل، صفحہ ۲۱۳ مؤلفہ محمد حیات خان ، درج از ہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ (in Urdu,تاریخ افاغنہ، حصہ اول، طبع دوم، صفحہ ۱۰۷ مؤلفہ شہاب الدین ثاقب، مطبوعہ حمیدیہ پریس، لاہور، درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ (in Urdu), and قوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ - ۱۴۳ (in Urdu)
   • ښاد جبارخېل, ډاکټر قاضي.ح . (20 December 2008). "خپلواکي پوهنـــــــه -دپښتنو هجرتونه دلوى افغانستان دجوړېدلو لامل دى - ٣". Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development (in Pashto).
   • افغانستاند, ټول (23 June 2013). "پښتانه څوک دی ؟ لمړۍ برخه". ددي ويبپاڼي د مضامينو بيا نشرول چه مأخذ يی ټول افغانستان ياد شي مجاز دئ (in Pashto).
   • A. H. McMahon and, A. D. G. Ramsay (1901). Report on the tribes of Dir, Swat, and Bajour together with the Utman-khel and Sam Ranizai. Saeed Book Bank, Pakistan. p. 9. ASIN B0006EF1OA.
   • "Tarkanri". Britannica. Vol. 21. United Kingdom: Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. 1952. p. 816. ASIN B004HZTLWW.
   • "Tarkanri — Tribes, Castes and Communities". Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims. Vol. 3. Global Vision Publishing House. 2001 [1952]. p. 1007. ISBN 9788187746072.
   • Wylly, Harold Carmichael (1912). From the Black Mountain to Waziristan. Macmillan Company, United Kingdom. p. 155. ASIN B0014IYPC6.
5. • "Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India" Volume One published by Government Mono Type Press, Simla, India - (Originally Published 1907) :: Kakazai / Kakayzai Pathan Tribe is mentioned between Page 515- 555-You can read these volumes online, thanks to Internet Archives though their market value is around $11000 ::
   • D. K. Behera (eds.), G. Pfeffer & (2002). The Pashtun Tribal System by Bernt Glatzer — Chapter 10 in: Concept of Tribal Society (Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol 5). Concept Publishers, New Delhi, India. pp. 265–282. ISBN 9788170229834. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
   • ^[usurped]
   • "Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani" (a.k.a."Hidayat Afghani-Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani" - (Originally Published May 1933 in Urdu)
   • Joshi, Rita (1985). The Afghan nobility and the Mughals: 1526-1707. Vikas Publ. House, New Delhi, India. p. 9. ISBN 978-0706927528.
   • Centre, Pakistan Studies (1990). "Grassroots". 15–16. Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan: University of Sindh: 74. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
   • Mehdi, Rubya (2002). Gender and Property Law in Pakistan: Resources and Discourses. Vanguard. p. 181. ISBN 9694023696.
6. "Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani" (a.k.a."Hidayat Afghani-Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani" - (Originally Published May 1933 in Urdu)
7. "Tazkara" (also called"Tazkira-e-pathan"), Khan Roshan khan, pp 176-181 (in Urdu).
8. ^[usurped]- pp 86-89 & 261-262 & 310-312 (in Pashto)
9. . Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
10. Kakezai/Kakazai Afghan/Pathan Tribe, Tazkara by Khan Roshan khan online scans of Urdu text
11. Aziz, Khursheed Kamal (2007). A Journey into the Past. Vanguard, Pakistan. p. 721. ISBN 978-9694024998.
12. Davies, Captain Henry (1892). Customary law of the Gujrat district. Civil and Military Gazette Press, British India. p. 2.
13. "Report of the commissioners appointed by the Punjab sub-committee of the Indian national congress" - Indian National Congress. Punjab Subcommittee, K. Santanam, British India, 1920 (Page Number: 290, 291)
14. "A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India" (Part I. North of the Kabul River, including all Mohmands, and tribes west of the Indus), published by The General Staff Army Headquarter, Calcutta, India -(Originally Published 1910) :: The Kakazai Pashtuns are mentioned on Page 22 (under ‘K’ -Kakazai), Page 12 (under ‘D’ -Daulat Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans), Page 26 (under 'K' - Khulozai - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans), Page 29 (under ‘M’ -Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel - sub-divisions of Kakazai Pathans), Page 47 (under 'U' - Umar Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans) and Page 50 (under 'Y' -Yusaf Khel - A sub-division of Kakazai Pathans)
15. Joshi, Rita (1985). The Afghan nobility and the Mughals: 1526-1707. Vikas Publ. House, New Delhi, India. p. 9. ISBN 978-0706927528.
16. "Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani" by Pir Moazzam Shah rearranged with notes by 'Roshan Khan', Published by Pashto Academy, Peshawar University (1976), (Page 89-91 - Originally Published in 1624 AD)
17. The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957 by Sir Olaf Caroe, (Page 184-185 - First published in 1958), Macmillan Company, Reprinted Oxford University Press, 2003
18. Muslims in the Indian subcontinent 617-1290 C.E. (PDF format)
19. The 1947 Partition: drawing the Indo-Pakistani boundary
20. Lieutenant Zarar Ahmad Account of 1947 events in Gurdaspur
21. Ahmad, Imtiaz (1973). Caste and Social Stratification among the Muslims. Manohor Book Service, India. pp. 137, 148. ASIN B0043KE1TE.
22. Hanif, Mohammad (1980). "Life and Works of Hazrat Mian Mohammad Umar Chamkani". University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. pp. 404–405. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
23. خوږياڼى, قتيل (26 August 2009). "کونړ د تاريخ په اوږدو کښې". Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development (in Pashto).
24. Dara Kakazai (Valley of Watelai or Mamund Valley), Federally Administered Tribal Area in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan ::
25. Khawar, Farhad Ali (Writer, Research and Director) (3 June 2017). Peshawar - Cradle of Culture (mp4) (Documentary) (in Urdu). Peshawar, Pakistan: Department of Tourism, Sports, Culture, Archeology and Youth Affairs, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved 5 June 2017. Alt URL
26. Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Third Edition. Originally Published by Bernard Quaritch, 15 Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom. p. 655. ISBN 978-1130149104.
27. معراج, محمد حسن (21 January 2013). "گلی اور محلہ". ڈان اردو / ڈان میڈیا گروپ.
28. معراج, محمد حسن (5 November 2012). "پرسرور اور پرسو رام،". ڈان اردو / ڈان میڈیا گروپ.
29. Shah, Mahmood Ali (1994). Sardari, jirga & local government systems in Balochistan. Edara-e-Tadrees, Pakistan. pp. 9, 148. ASIN B0000CP59E.
30. "Biographical Encyclopedia of Pakistan" - Biographical Research Institute, Pakistan, 1961 (Page Number: 550, 906)