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Wikipedia

Jonny Greenwood

February 16, 2024

For the Australian singer, see Johnny Greenwood (singer).

Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood (born 5 November 1971) is an English musician. He is the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the rock band Radiohead, and has composed numerous film scores. He has been named one of the greatest guitarists by numerous publications, including Rolling Stone.

Jonny Greenwood
Greenwood in 2022
Background information
Birth nameJonathan Richard Guy Greenwood
Born (1971-11-05) 5 November 1971 (age 52)
Oxford, England
Genres
Occupation(s)Musician, composer
Instrument(s)
Years active1985–present
Labels
Member of
Websitewww.radiohead.com

Along with his elder brother Colin, Greenwood attended Abingdon School in Abingdon near Oxford, where he formed Radiohead. He abandoned a degree in music when the band signed to Parlophone. Their debut single, "Creep" (1992), was distinguished by Greenwood's aggressive guitar work. Radiohead have since achieved critical acclaim and sold more than 30 million albums. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Radiohead in 2019.

Greenwood uses numerous instruments and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument. He uses electronic techniques such as programming, sampling and looping, and writes music software used by Radiohead. He described his role as an arranger, helping transform Thom Yorke's demos into finished songs. Radiohead albums feature Greenwood's string and brass arrangements, and he has composed for orchestras including the London Contemporary Orchestra and the BBC Concert Orchestra.

Greenwood's first solo work, the soundtrack for the film Bodysong, was released in 2003. In 2007, he scored There Will Be Blood, the first of several collaborations with the director Paul Thomas Anderson. In 2018, he was nominated for an Academy Award for his score for Anderson's Phantom Thread. He was nominated again for his score for The Power of the Dog (2021), directed by Jane Campion. Greenwood also scored the Lynne Ramsay films We Need to Talk About Kevin (2011) and You Were Never Really Here (2017). He has collaborated several times with the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur, including on the 2015 album Junun. In 2021, Greenwood debuted a new band, the Smile, with Yorke and the drummer Tom Skinner.

Early life edit

Jonny Greenwood was born on 5 November 1971 in Oxford, England.[1] His brother, the Radiohead bassist Colin Greenwood, is two years older. Their father served in the British Army as a bomb disposal expert.[2][3] The Greenwood family has historical ties to the Communist Party of Great Britain and the socialist Fabian Society.[4]

When he was a child, Greenwood's family would listen to a small number of cassettes in their car, including Mozart's horn concertos, the musicals Flower Drum Song and My Fair Lady, and cover versions of Simon and Garfunkel songs. When the cassettes were not playing, Greenwood would listen to the noise of the engine and try to recall every detail of the music.[5] He credited his older siblings with exposing him to rock bands such as the Beat and New Order.[6] The first gig Greenwood attended was the Fall on their 1988 Frenz Experiment tour, which he found "overwhelming".[6]

The Greenwood brothers attended the independent boys' school Abingdon. The Abingdon director of music, Michael Stinton, recalled Jonny as a "charming student" and "committed musician" who would spend as much time in the music department as possible.[7] Greenwood's first instrument was a recorder given to him at age four or five. He played baroque music in recorder groups as a teenager,[6] and continued to play into adulthood.[8] He played the viola in the Thames Vale youth orchestra, which he described as a formative experience: "I'd been in school orchestras and never seen the point. But in Thames Vale I was suddenly with all these 18-year-olds who could actually play in tune. I remember thinking: 'Ah, that's what an orchestra is supposed to sound like!'"[9] Greenwood also spent time programming, experimenting with BASIC and simple machine code to make computer games.[10] According to Greenwood, "The closer I got to the bare bones of the computer, the more exciting I found it."[11]

On a Friday edit

At Abingdon, the Greenwood brothers formed a band, On a Friday, with the singer Thom Yorke, the guitarist Ed O'Brien and the drummer Philip Selway.[12] Jonny, the youngest, was two school years below Yorke and Colin and the last to join.[13] He was previously in another band, Illiterate Hands, with Matt Hawksworth, Simon Newton, Ben Kendrick, Nigel Powell and Yorke's brother, Andy.[14][15]

Greenwood initially played harmonica and keyboards for On a Friday.[13] As they had fired their previous keyboardist for playing too loudly, Greenwood spent his first months playing with his keyboard turned off. No one in the band realised, and Yorke told him he added an "interesting texture".[16] According to Greenwood, "I'd go home in the evening and work out how to actually play chords, and cautiously, over the next few months, I would start turning this keyboard up."[16] He eventually became the lead guitarist.[13]

Although the other members of On a Friday had left Abingdon by 1987 to attend university, they continued to rehearse on weekends and holidays.[17] Greenwood studied music at A Level, including chorale harmonisation.[9]

Career edit

1991–1992: Pablo Honey edit

In 1991, the members of On a Friday regrouped in Oxford, sharing a house on the corner of Magdalen Road and Ridgefield Road.[18] Greenwood enrolled at Oxford Brookes University to study psychology and music. He left after his first term after On a Friday signed a record contract deal with EMI.[19] They changed their name to Radiohead and released their first album, Pablo Honey, in 1993.[20]

Radiohead found early success with their debut single, "Creep".[20] According to Rolling Stone, "It was Greenwood's gnashing noise blasts that marked Radiohead as more than just another mopey band ... An early indicator of his crucial role in pushing his band forward."[21] Greenwood also played harmonica on Blind Mr. Jones's 1992 single "Crazy Jazz".[22]

1995–1999: The Bends and OK Computer edit

Radiohead's second album, The Bends (1995), brought them significant critical attention.[23] Greenwood said it had been a "turning point" for Radiohead: "It started appearing in people's [best of] polls for the end of the year. That's when it started to feel like we made the right choice about being a band."[24] On tour, Greenwood damaged his hearing and wore protective ear shields for some performances.[25]

Radiohead's third album, OK Computer (1997), achieved acclaim,[26][27] showcasing Greenwood's lead guitar work on songs such as "Paranoid Android".[28] For "Climbing up the Walls", Greenwood wrote a part for 16 stringed instruments playing quarter tones apart, inspired by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki.[29]

For the 1998 film Velvet Goldmine, Greenwood formed Venus in Furs with Yorke, Suede's Bernard Butler, and Roxy Music's Andy Mackay and recorded covers of the Roxy Music songs "2HB", "Ladytron" and "Bitter-Sweet".[citation needed] Greenwood played harmonica on the tracks "Platform Blues" and "Billie" on Pavement's final album, Terror Twilight (1999).[30]

2000–2003: Kid A, Amnesiac and Hail to the Thief edit

Radiohead's albums Kid A (2000) and Amnesiac (2001) marked a dramatic change in sound, incorporating influences from electronica, classical music, jazz and krautrock.[31] Greenwood employed a modular synthesiser to build the drum machine rhythm of "Idioteque",[32][33] and played ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument similar to a theremin, on several tracks.[34]

For "How to Disappear Completely", Greenwood composed a string section by multitracking his ondes Martenot playing.[32] According to Radiohead's producer, Nigel Godrich, when the string players saw Greenwood's score "they all just sort of burst into giggles, because they couldn't do what he'd written, because it was impossible—or impossible for them, anyway".[35] The orchestra leader, John Lubbock, encouraged the musicians to experiment and work with Greenwood's "naive" ideas.[36] Greenwood also arranged strings for the Amnesiac songs "Pyramid Song" and "Dollars and Cents".[37][38]

Greenwood played guitar on Bryan Ferry's 2002 album Frantic.[39] For Radiohead's sixth album, Hail to the Thief (2003), Greenwood began using the music programming language Max to sample and manipulate the band's playing.[40] After having used effects pedals heavily on previous albums, he challenged himself to create interesting guitar parts without effects.[41]

2003–2006: Bodysong and first solo work edit

 
Greenwood performing with Radiohead in 2006

In 2003, Greenwood released his first solo work, the soundtrack for the documentary film Bodysong. It incorporates guitar, jazz, and classical music.[35] In 2004, Greenwood and Yorke contributed to the Band Aid 20 single "Do They Know It's Christmas?", produced by Godrich.[42]

Greenwood's first work for orchestra, Smear, was premiered by the London Sinfonietta in March 2004. In May, Greenwood was appointed composer-in-residence to the BBC Concert Orchestra, for whom he wrote "Popcorn Superhet Receiver" (2005), which won the Radio 3 Listeners' Award at the 2006 BBC British Composer Awards.[43] The piece was inspired by radio static and the elaborate, dissonant tone clusters of Penderecki's Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima (1960). Greenwood wrote the piece by recording individual tones on viola, then manipulating and overdubbing them in Pro Tools.[35] As part of his prize, Greenwood received £10,000 from the PRS Foundation towards a commission for a new orchestral work.[44]

For the 2005 film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Greenwood appeared as part of the wizard rock band Weird Sisters with the Radiohead drummer Philip Selway, Jarvis Cocker and Steve Mackey of Pulp, Steven Claydon of Add N to (X), and Jason Buckle of All Seeing I.[45] At the 2005 Ether Festival, Greenwood and Yorke performed "Arpeggi" with the London Sinfonietta orchestra and the Arab Orchestra of Nazareth. "Arpeggi" was released in a different arrangement on Radiohead's seventh album, In Rainbows (2007), retitled "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi".[46][47]

2007–2010: There Will Be Blood and In Rainbows edit

Greenwood composed the score for the 2007 film There Will Be Blood by the director Paul Thomas Anderson. The soundtrack won an award at the Critics' Choice Awards and the Best Film Score trophy in the Evening Standard British Film Awards for 2007.[48] As it contains excerpts from "Popcorn Superhet Receiver", an earlier piece, it was ineligible for an Academy Award.[49][50] Rolling Stone named There Will Be Blood the best film of the decade and described the score as "a sonic explosion that reinvented what film music could be".[51] In 2016, the film composer Hans Zimmer said the score was the one that had most "stood out to him" in the past decade, describing it as "recklessly, crazily beautiful".[52]

Greenwood curated a compilation album of reggae tracks, Jonny Greenwood Is the Controller, released by Trojan Records in March 2007.[53] It features mostly 70s roots and dub tracks from artists including Lee "Scratch" Perry, Joe Gibbs and Linval Thompson. The title references Thompson's track "Dread Are the Controller".[54]

Radiohead released their seventh album, In Rainbows, in October 2007, in a landmark use of the pay-what-you-want model for music sales. Greenwood said Radiohead were responding to the culture of downloading free music, which he likened to the legend of King Canute: "You can't pretend the flood isn't happening."[55] Greenwood wrote the title music for Adam Buxton's 2008 sketch show Meebox,[56] and contributed to the 2009 album Basof Mitraglim Le'Hakol by the Israeli rock musician Dudu Tasaa.[57]

2010–2013: Norwegian Wood and The King of Limbs edit

In February 2010, Greenwood debuted a new composition, "Doghouse", at the BBC's Maida Vale Studios. He wrote it in hotels and dressing rooms while on tour with Radiohead.[58] He expanded "Doghouse" into the score for the Japanese film Norwegian Wood, released later that year.[58] Greenwood played guitar on Bryan Ferry's 2010 album Olympia.[59]

Radiohead's recorded their eighth album, The King of Limbs (2011), using sampler software written by Greenwood.[10][60] By 2011, Radiohead had sold more than 30 million albums.[61] That year, Greenwood scored We Need to Talk About Kevin, directed by Lynne Ramsay,[62] using instruments including a wire-strung harp.[47] With Yorke, he also collaborated with the rapper MF Doom on the track "Retarded Fren".[63]

In 2012, Greenwood composed the score for Anderson's film The Master.[64] That March, Greenwood and the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki, one of Greenwood's greatest influences, released an album comprising Penderecki's 1960s compositions Polymorphia and Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima, Greenwood's "Popcorn Superhet Receiver", and a new work by Greenwood, "48 Responses to Polymorphia".[65]

In the same year, Greenwood accepted a three-month residency with the Australian Chamber Orchestra in Sydney and composed a new piece, "Water".[66] Greenwood, Yorke, and other artists contributed music to The UK Gold, a 2013 documentary about tax avoidance in the UK. The soundtrack was released free in February 2015 through the online audio platform SoundCloud.[67]

2014–2016: Inherent Vice, Junun and A Moon Shaped Pool edit

 
Greenwood performing with the London Contemporary Orchestra in Geneva, 2015

Greenwood composed the soundtrack for the Anderson film Inherent Vice (2014). It features a new version of an unreleased Radiohead song, "Spooks", performed by Greenwood and two members of Supergrass.[68]

In 2014, Greenwood performed with the London Contemporary Orchestra, performing selections from his soundtracks alongside new compositions.[69] In the same year, Greenwood performed with the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur and his band. Greenwood described Tzur's music as "quite celebratory, more like gospel music than anything—except that it's all done to a backing of Indian harmoniums and percussion". He said he would play a "supportive" rather than "solistic" role.[70]

In 2015, Greenwood, Tzur and Godrich recorded an album, Junun, with Indian musicians at Mehrangarh Fort in Rajasthan, India.[71] Greenwood insisted they hire only musicians from Rajasthan and only use string instruments native to the region.[72] Ben Tzur wrote the songs, with Greenwood contributing guitar, bass, keyboards, ondes Martenot and programming.[72] Whereas western music is based on harmonies and chord progressions, Greenwood wanted to use chords sparingly, and instead write using North Indian ragas.[72] Greenwood and Godrich said they wanted to avoid the "obsession" with high fidelity in recording world music, and instead hoped to capture the "dirt" and "roughness" of music in India.[72] The recording is the subject of a 2015 documentary, Junun, by Paul Thomas Anderson.[73]

Greenwood contributed string orchestration to Frank Ocean's 2016 albums Endless[74] and Blonde.[75] Radiohead's ninth album, A Moon Shaped Pool, was released in May 2016,[76] featuring strings and choral vocals arranged by Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra.[77] With Ben Tzur and the Indian ensemble, Greenwood supported Radiohead's 2018 Moon Shaped Pool tour under the name Junun.[78]

2017–2020: Phantom Thread and The Power of the Dog edit

 
Greenwood performing at the BBC Proms in London, 2019

Greenwood wrote the score for Anderson's 2017 film Phantom Thread. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score[79] and earned Greenwood his sixth Ivor Novello award.[80] In the same year, he reunited with Ramsay to score her film You Were Never Really Here.[81] At the 2019 BBC Proms in London, Greenwood debuted his composition "Horror Vacui" for solo violin and 68 string instruments.[82]

Radiohead were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in March 2019.[83] Greenwood did not attend the event. In the year before Radiohead became eligible for nomination, he told Rolling Stone: "I don't care. Maybe it's a cultural thing that I really don't understand ... It's quite a self-regarding profession anyway. And anything that heightens that just makes me feel even more uncomfortable."[84]

In September 2019, Greenwood launched a record label, Octatonic Records, to release contemporary classical music by soloists and small groups he had met as a film composer.[85] In 2021, he expressed uncertainty about releasing further Octatonic records, as the two records they had released "seemed to not really connect with anybody".[86]

For the soundtrack for The Power of the Dog (2021), Greenwood played the cello in the style of a banjo and recorded a piece for player piano controlled with the software Max.[87] The soundtrack earned Greenwood his second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Score.[88] For his soundtrack to Spencer (2021), Greenwood combined Baroque and jazz music, juxtaposing the "rigid" and "colourful" styles.[87] He also contributed cues to Anderson's 2021 film Licorice Pizza.[89]

2021–present: the Smile and Jarak Qaribak edit

 
Greenwood (left) performing with the Smile in January 2022

In 2021, Greenwood debuted a new band, the Smile, with Yorke and the jazz drummer Tom Skinner.[90] Greenwood said the project was a way for him and Yorke to work together during the COVID-19 lockdowns.[86] Pitchfork attributed the Smile to Greenwood's frustration with Radiohead's slow working pace and his desire to release records that are "90 percent as good [that] come out twice as often".[91] The Smile made their surprise debut in a performance streamed by Glastonbury Festival on 22 May, with Greenwood playing guitar and bass.[92]

The Guardian critic Alexis Petridis said the Smile "sound like a simultaneously more skeletal and knottier version of Radiohead", exploring more progressive rock influences with unusual time signatures, complex riffs and "hard-driving" motorik psychedelia.[93] In May 2022, the Smile released their debut album, A Light for Attracting Attention, and began an international tour.[94] The second Smile album, Wall of Eyes, was released in January 2024, with a European tour to follow in March.[95]

Greenwood and Yorke contributed music to the sixth series of the television drama Peaky Blinders, broadcast in 2022.[96] On 9 June 2023, Greenwood and the Israeli musician Dudu Tassa released Jarak Qaribak, an album of Middle Eastern love songs.[97] It was produced by Greenwood and Tasaa and mixed by Godrich, and features several Middle Eastern musicians. Greenwood said he and Tasaa had "tried to imagine what Kraftwerk would have done if they'd been in Cairo in the 1970s".[98] He denied any intent to make a political point with the album, and said: "I do understand that as soon as you do anything in that part of the world it becomes political ... possibly especially if it's artistic."[98] Greenwood composed and conducted strings for the Pretenders song "I Think About You Daily", released in June 2023.[99]

Musicianship edit

Guitar edit

 
Greenwood playing bowed guitar

Greenwood is Radiohead's lead guitarist.[100] He is known for his aggressive playing style.[13] Guitar.com wrote that Greenwood's playing on Radiohead's debut, Pablo Honey, was an "exhilarating melange of tremolo-picked soundscapes, chunky octaves, screaming high-register runs and killswitch antics".[101] In the 1990s, Greenwood developed repetitive stress injury, necessitating a brace on his right arm, which he likened to "taping up your fingers before a boxing match".[13]

Greenwood said he dislikes the reputation of guitars as something to be "admired or worshipped", and instead sees them as a tool like a typewriter or a vacuum cleaner.[47][102] He said he hated guitar solos: "There's nothing worse than hearing someone cautiously going up and down the scales of their guitar. You can hear them thinking about what the next note should be, and then out it comes. It's more interesting to write something that doesn't outstay its welcome."[103]

For most Radiohead songs, Greenwood has long used a Fender Telecaster Plus, a model of Telecaster that uses Lace Sensor pickups. According to Far Out, Greenwood used the Telecaster's "power and instability" to produce a "punchy" sound that helped set Radiohead apart in the 1990s.[104] On softer tracks, such as "Subterranean Homesick Alien" and "Let Down" from OK Computer and "You And Whose Army?" from Amnesiac, Greenwood plays a Fender Starcaster.[104] He sometimes plays with a violin bow.[105][106] Greenwood plays a Gibson Les Paul for solo performances and his work with the Smile. For bass, he plays a Fender Precision Bass, using an aggressive picking style.[106]

Greenwood often uses effect pedals,[21] such as the Marshall ShredMaster distortion pedal used on many 1990s Radiohead songs.[107] For the "My Iron Lung" riff, he uses a DigiTech Whammy pedal to pitch-shift his guitar by one octave, creating a "glitchy, lo-fi" sound.[108] On "Identikit" and several Smile songs, Greenwood uses a delay effect to create "angular" synchronised repeats.[106] His main amplifiers are a Vox AC30 and a Fender 85.[104]

In 2010, NME named Greenwood one of the greatest living guitarists.[109] He was voted the seventh-greatest guitarist of all time in a 2010 poll of more than 30,000 BBC 6 Music listeners.[110] In 2008, Guitar World named Greenwood's guitar solo in "Paranoid Android" the 34th-greatest.[28] In 2010, the Rolling Stone journalist David Fricke named Greenwood the 48th-greatest guitarist,[111] and in 2012 Spin ranked him the 29th.[112] In its 2023 list of the greatest guitarists, Rolling Stone ranked Greenwood and O'Brien joint 43rd, writing: "Even as he blossomed into a noted neo-classical composer, Greenwood always made sure to throw in at least one brain-scrambling banger of a guitar part per album."[113]

Ondes Martenot edit

 
Greenwood performing on an ondes Martenot in 2010

Greenwood is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument played by moving a ring along a wire, creating sounds similar to a theremin.[34] He first used it on Radiohead's 2000 album Kid A, and it appears in Radiohead songs including "The National Anthem", "How to Disappear Completely" and "Where I End and You Begin".[114]

Greenwood became interested in the ondes Martenot at the age of 15 after hearing Olivier Messiaen's Turangalîla Symphony.[2] He said he was partly attracted to the instrument as he cannot sing: "I've always wanted to be able to play an instrument that was like singing, and there's nothing closer."[115] As production of the ondes Martenot ceased in 1988, Greenwood had a replica created to take on tour with Radiohead in 2001 for fear of damaging his original model.[34]

Other instruments edit

Greenwood plays instruments including piano, synthesiser, viola, glockenspiel, harmonica, recorder, organ, banjo[102] and harp.[106] He said he enjoyed "struggling with instruments I can't really play", and that he enjoyed playing glockenspiel with Radiohead as much as he did guitar.[47]

Greenwood created the rhythm for "Idioteque" (from Kid A) with a modular synthesiser[33] and sampled the song's four-chord synthesiser phrase from "mild und leise", a computer music piece by Paul Lansky.[116][32] He uses a Kaoss Pad to manipulate Yorke's vocals during performances of the Kid A song "Everything in its Right Place".[117] In 2014, Greenwood wrote of his fascination with Indian instruments, particularly the tanpura, which he felt created uniquely complex "walls" of sounds.[70]

Greenwood uses a "home-made sound machine" comprising small hammers striking objects including yoghurt cartons, tubs, bells, and tambourines.[118] He has used found sounds, using a television and a transistor radio on "Climbing Up the Walls" (from OK Computer) and "The National Anthem" (from Kid A).[102]

Software edit

At the suggestion of Radiohead's producer, Nigel Godrich, Greenwood began using the music programming language Max.[119] He found it liberating to abandon existing notions of audio effects and create his own from scratch, thinking "in terms of sound and maths".[11] Examples of Greenwood's use of Max include the processed piano on the Moon Shaped Pool track "Glass Eyes"[120] and his signature "stutter" guitar effect used on tracks such as the 2003 single "Go to Sleep".[121][122] He used Max to write sampling software used to create Radiohead's eighth album, The King of Limbs.[10]

Songwriting edit

"People from my background are made to feel that it's wrong to have opinions about classical music ... So I found it quite healthy, particularly at school, to think about classical composers and rock bands in the same way. The reason I loved Messiaen, for instance, was that he was still alive and writing. To me that was as exciting as a great old rock band still being around. Same with Penderecki. His strange orchestral music was quite dark, but it felt similar to the strange electronic music coming out of Manchester."

—Greenwood on his love of classical and rock music (2010)[9]

Greenwood's major writing contributions to Radiohead include "Just" (which Yorke described as "a competition by me and Jonny to get as many chords as possible into a song"); "My Iron Lung", co-written with Yorke,[123] from The Bends (1995); "The Tourist" and the "rain down" bridge of "Paranoid Android" from OK Computer (1997);[13] the vocal melody of "Kid A" from Kid A (2000);[124] and the guitar melody of "A Wolf At The Door" from Hail To The Thief (2003), whose "sweet" quality inspired Yorke to sing the song's "angry" lyrics.[125]

The New York Times described Greenwood as "the guy who can take an abstract Thom Yorke notion and master the tools required to execute it in the real world".[35] In 2016, Greenwood described his role in Radiohead as an arranger:

It's not really about can I do my guitar part now, it's more ... What will serve this song best? How do we not mess up this really good song? Part of the problem is Thom will sit at the piano and play a song like "Pyramid Song" and we're going to record it and how do we not make it worse, how do we make it better than him just playing it by himself, which is already usually quite great.[8]

For his film soundtracks, Greenwood attempts to keep the instrumentation contemporary to the period of the story. For example, he recorded the Norwegian Wood soundtrack using a 1960s Japanese nylon-strung guitar with home recording equipment from the period, attempting to create a recording that one of the characters might have made.[47]

Many of Greenwood's compositions are microtonal.[47] He often uses modes of limited transposition, particularly the octatonic scale, saying: "I like to know what I can't do and then work inside that."[87]

Influences edit

Greenwood has cited influences from genres including jazz, classical, rock, reggae, hip-hop, and electronic music. His jazz favourites include Lee Morgan, Alice Coltrane and Miles Davis.[117] Along with the other members of Radiohead, he admires Scott Walker[126] and the Krautrock band Can.[127] Greenwood said the guitarist that had most influenced him was John McGeoch of Magazine, and that Magazine's songwriting "informs so much of what [Radiohead] do".[128] He declined an offer to fill in for McGeoch, who died in 2004, during Magazine's 2009 reunion tour. According to the Radiohead collaborator Adam Buxton, Jonny was "overwhelmed" and too shy to accept the role.[129]

Greenwood first heard Olivier Messiaen's Turangalîla Symphony at the age of 15 and became "round-the-bend-obsessed with it".[2] Messiaen was Greenwood's "first connection" to classical music, and remains an influence; he said: "He was still alive when I was 15, and for whatever reason I felt I could equate him with my other favourite bands—there was no big posthumous reputation to put me off. So I'm still very fond of writing things in the same modes of limited transposition that he used."[47]

Greenwood is an admirer of the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki, and cited a concert of Penderecki's music in the early 90s as a "conversion experience".[35][130] He is also a fan of the composers György Ligeti,[131] Henri Dutilleux[132] and Steve Reich.[133] He has performed Reich's 1987 guitar composition Electric Counterpoint and recorded a version for Reich's 2014 album Radio Rewrite.[133]

Personal life edit

Greenwood is married to the Israeli visual artist Sharona Katan, whom he met in 1993 when Radiohead performed in Israel.[134] Her work (credited as Shin Katan) appears on the covers of Junun and several of Greenwood's soundtracks.[135] Their first son was born in 2002; Radiohead's 2003 album Hail to the Thief was dedicated to him. Their daughter was born in 2005, and a second son was born in February 2008.[citation needed] Katan said she considers their family Jewish: "Our kids are raised as Jews, we have a mezuzah in our house, we sometimes have Shabbos dinners, we celebrate Jewish holidays. The kids don't eat pork. It's important to me to keep this stuff."[134]

In February 2021, Greenwood appeared on the BBC Radio 4 program Saturday Live, where his selected "Inheritance Tracks" were "Sweetheart Contract" by Magazine and "Brotherhood of Man" by Oscar Peterson and Clark Terry.[136] Greenwood is red-green colour blind.[137] Since 2015, Greenwood has lived on a farm in Marche, Italy. In April 2023, he began selling his own olive oil from Radiohead's online shop.[138]

Discography edit

See also: Radiohead discography and The Smile discography

Collaborative albums edit

List of collaborative albums, with selected chart positions
Title Details Charts
UK
Sales
[139]		 UK
Indie
[140]		 SCO
[141]		 US
Curr.
[142]		 US
Heat
[143]		 US
World
[144]
Threnody For The Victims Of Hiroshima / Popcorn Superhet Receiver / Polymorphia / 48 Responses To Polymorphia (performed by Aukso Orchestra; conducted by Krzysztof Penderecki and Marek Moś [pl])
  • Released: 13 March 2012
  • Label: Nonesuch
  • Formats: CD, download
 – – – – – –
Junun (with Shye Ben Tzur and the Rajasthan Express)
  • Released: 20 November 2015
  • Label: Nonesuch
  • Formats: LP, CD, cassette, download
 – – – – 6 3
Jarak Qaribak (with Dudu Tassa)
  • Released: 9 June 2023
  • Label: World Circuit
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 34 13 70 68 – –

Soundtracks edit

Title Details Charts
US
OST
[145]		 US
Heat
[143]		 US
Vinyl
[146]
Bodysong — — —
There Will Be Blood
  • Released: 17 December 2007
  • Label: Nonesuch
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 20 — 21
Norwegian Wood
  • Released: 10 December 2010
  • Label: Nonesuch
  • Formats: CD, download
 — — —
The Master
  • Released: 10 September 2012
  • Label: Nonesuch
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 21 28 —
Inherent Vice
  • Released: 15 December 2014
  • Label: Nonesuch
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 — — —
Phantom Thread
  • Released: 12 January 2018
  • Label: Nonesuch, WEA[148]
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 — — —
You Were Never Really Here — — —
Spencer
  • Released: 12 November 2021
  • Label: Mercury KX[86]
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 — — —
The Power of the Dog
  • Released: 17 November 2021
  • Label: Lakeshore, Invada
  • Formats: LP, CD, download
 — — —

Compilations edit

Title Charts
US
Reggae
[149]
Jonny Greenwood Is the Controller (with Various Artists) 5

EPs edit

Title Charts
US
Classical
[150]
Octatonic Volume 2: Industry Water (with Michael Gordon)
  • Released: 24 September 2019
  • Label: Octatonic Records
  • Formats: Vinyl,[151] download
 10

Appearances edit

Concert works edit

  • 2004 – smear for two ondes Martenots and chamber ensemble of nine players[152]
  • 2004 – Piano for Children for piano and orchestra[131] (withdrawn)
  • 2005 – Popcorn Superhet Receiver for string orchestra[5]
  • 2007 – There Will Be Blood live film version[153]
  • 2010 – Doghouse for string trio and orchestra[154]
  • 2011 – Suite from 'Noruwei no Mori' (Norwegian Wood) for orchestra[155]
  • 2011 – 48 Responses to Polymorphia for 48 solo strings, all doubling optional pacay bean shakers[156]
  • 2012 – Suite from 'There Will Be Blood' for string orchestra[157]
  • 2014 – Setting Up Arrows for string ensemble of 7 players[158]
  • 2014 – Water for two flutes, upright piano, chamber organ, two tanpura & string orchestra[159]
  • 2015 – 88 (No 1) for solo piano
  • 2018 – Three Miniatures from 'Water' for violin, piano, 2 tampuras, and cello/bass drone[160]
  • 2019 – Horror vacui for solo violin and 68 strings[82]

Awards and nominations edit

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Jonny Greenwood

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

Citations edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jonny Greenwood.
  • Official website  
  • Jonny Greenwood at IMDb
  • StringsReunited.com, a website by Plank, the guitar technician for Radiohead
  • Greenwood's composer page on the Faber Music website

February 16, 2024
jonny, greenwood, australian, singer, johnny, greenwood, singer, jonathan, richard, greenwood, born, november, 1971, english, musician, lead, guitarist, keyboardist, rock, band, radiohead, composed, numerous, film, scores, been, named, greatest, guitarists, nu. For the Australian singer see Johnny Greenwood singer Jonathan Richard Guy Greenwood born 5 November 1971 is an English musician He is the lead guitarist and keyboardist of the rock band Radiohead and has composed numerous film scores He has been named one of the greatest guitarists by numerous publications including Rolling Stone Jonny GreenwoodGreenwood in 2022Background informationBirth nameJonathan Richard Guy GreenwoodBorn 1971 11 05 5 November 1971 age 52 Oxford EnglandGenresAlternative rockelectronicaart rockexperimental rockOccupation s Musician composerInstrument s Guitarkeyboardsondes MartenotYears active1985 presentLabelsNonesuchXLParlophoneWEATrojanSanctuaryCapitolLakeshoreMember ofRadioheadThe SmileWebsitewww wbr radiohead wbr com Along with his elder brother Colin Greenwood attended Abingdon School in Abingdon near Oxford where he formed Radiohead He abandoned a degree in music when the band signed to Parlophone Their debut single Creep 1992 was distinguished by Greenwood s aggressive guitar work Radiohead have since achieved critical acclaim and sold more than 30 million albums He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Radiohead in 2019 Greenwood uses numerous instruments and is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot an early electronic instrument He uses electronic techniques such as programming sampling and looping and writes music software used by Radiohead He described his role as an arranger helping transform Thom Yorke s demos into finished songs Radiohead albums feature Greenwood s string and brass arrangements and he has composed for orchestras including the London Contemporary Orchestra and the BBC Concert Orchestra Greenwood s first solo work the soundtrack for the film Bodysong was released in 2003 In 2007 he scored There Will Be Blood the first of several collaborations with the director Paul Thomas Anderson In 2018 he was nominated for an Academy Award for his score for Anderson s Phantom Thread He was nominated again for his score for The Power of the Dog 2021 directed by Jane Campion Greenwood also scored the Lynne Ramsay films We Need to Talk About Kevin 2011 and You Were Never Really Here 2017 He has collaborated several times with the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur including on the 2015 album Junun In 2021 Greenwood debuted a new band the Smile with Yorke and the drummer Tom Skinner Contents 1 Early life 1 1 On a Friday 2 Career 2 1 1991 1992 Pablo Honey 2 2 1995 1999 The Bends and OK Computer 2 3 2000 2003 Kid A Amnesiac and Hail to the Thief 2 4 2003 2006 Bodysong and first solo work 2 5 2007 2010 There Will Be Blood and In Rainbows 2 6 2010 2013 Norwegian Wood and The King of Limbs 2 7 2014 2016 Inherent Vice Junun and A Moon Shaped Pool 2 8 2017 2020 Phantom Thread and The Power of the Dog 2 9 2021 present the Smile and Jarak Qaribak 3 Musicianship 3 1 Guitar 3 2 Ondes Martenot 3 3 Other instruments 3 4 Software 3 5 Songwriting 3 6 Influences 4 Personal life 5 Discography 5 1 Collaborative albums 5 2 Soundtracks 5 3 Compilations 5 4 EPs 5 5 Appearances 5 6 Concert works 6 Awards and nominations 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Notes 8 2 Citations 9 External linksEarly life editJonny Greenwood was born on 5 November 1971 in Oxford England 1 His brother the Radiohead bassist Colin Greenwood is two years older Their father served in the British Army as a bomb disposal expert 2 3 The Greenwood family has historical ties to the Communist Party of Great Britain and the socialist Fabian Society 4 When he was a child Greenwood s family would listen to a small number of cassettes in their car including Mozart s horn concertos the musicals Flower Drum Song and My Fair Lady and cover versions of Simon and Garfunkel songs When the cassettes were not playing Greenwood would listen to the noise of the engine and try to recall every detail of the music 5 He credited his older siblings with exposing him to rock bands such as the Beat and New Order 6 The first gig Greenwood attended was the Fall on their 1988 Frenz Experiment tour which he found overwhelming 6 The Greenwood brothers attended the independent boys school Abingdon The Abingdon director of music Michael Stinton recalled Jonny as a charming student and committed musician who would spend as much time in the music department as possible 7 Greenwood s first instrument was a recorder given to him at age four or five He played baroque music in recorder groups as a teenager 6 and continued to play into adulthood 8 He played the viola in the Thames Vale youth orchestra which he described as a formative experience I d been in school orchestras and never seen the point But in Thames Vale I was suddenly with all these 18 year olds who could actually play in tune I remember thinking Ah that s what an orchestra is supposed to sound like 9 Greenwood also spent time programming experimenting with BASIC and simple machine code to make computer games 10 According to Greenwood The closer I got to the bare bones of the computer the more exciting I found it 11 On a Friday edit At Abingdon the Greenwood brothers formed a band On a Friday with the singer Thom Yorke the guitarist Ed O Brien and the drummer Philip Selway 12 Jonny the youngest was two school years below Yorke and Colin and the last to join 13 He was previously in another band Illiterate Hands with Matt Hawksworth Simon Newton Ben Kendrick Nigel Powell and Yorke s brother Andy 14 15 Greenwood initially played harmonica and keyboards for On a Friday 13 As they had fired their previous keyboardist for playing too loudly Greenwood spent his first months playing with his keyboard turned off No one in the band realised and Yorke told him he added an interesting texture 16 According to Greenwood I d go home in the evening and work out how to actually play chords and cautiously over the next few months I would start turning this keyboard up 16 He eventually became the lead guitarist 13 Although the other members of On a Friday had left Abingdon by 1987 to attend university they continued to rehearse on weekends and holidays 17 Greenwood studied music at A Level including chorale harmonisation 9 Career edit1991 1992 Pablo Honey edit In 1991 the members of On a Friday regrouped in Oxford sharing a house on the corner of Magdalen Road and Ridgefield Road 18 Greenwood enrolled at Oxford Brookes University to study psychology and music He left after his first term after On a Friday signed a record contract deal with EMI 19 They changed their name to Radiohead and released their first album Pablo Honey in 1993 20 Radiohead found early success with their debut single Creep 20 According to Rolling Stone It was Greenwood s gnashing noise blasts that marked Radiohead as more than just another mopey band An early indicator of his crucial role in pushing his band forward 21 Greenwood also played harmonica on Blind Mr Jones s 1992 single Crazy Jazz 22 1995 1999 The Bends and OK Computer edit Radiohead s second album The Bends 1995 brought them significant critical attention 23 Greenwood said it had been a turning point for Radiohead It started appearing in people s best of polls for the end of the year That s when it started to feel like we made the right choice about being a band 24 On tour Greenwood damaged his hearing and wore protective ear shields for some performances 25 Radiohead s third album OK Computer 1997 achieved acclaim 26 27 showcasing Greenwood s lead guitar work on songs such as Paranoid Android 28 For Climbing up the Walls Greenwood wrote a part for 16 stringed instruments playing quarter tones apart inspired by the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki 29 For the 1998 film Velvet Goldmine Greenwood formed Venus in Furs with Yorke Suede s Bernard Butler and Roxy Music s Andy Mackay and recorded covers of the Roxy Music songs 2HB Ladytron and Bitter Sweet citation needed Greenwood played harmonica on the tracks Platform Blues and Billie on Pavement s final album Terror Twilight 1999 30 2000 2003 Kid A Amnesiac and Hail to the Thief edit Radiohead s albums Kid A 2000 and Amnesiac 2001 marked a dramatic change in sound incorporating influences from electronica classical music jazz and krautrock 31 Greenwood employed a modular synthesiser to build the drum machine rhythm of Idioteque 32 33 and played ondes Martenot an early electronic instrument similar to a theremin on several tracks 34 For How to Disappear Completely Greenwood composed a string section by multitracking his ondes Martenot playing 32 According to Radiohead s producer Nigel Godrich when the string players saw Greenwood s score they all just sort of burst into giggles because they couldn t do what he d written because it was impossible or impossible for them anyway 35 The orchestra leader John Lubbock encouraged the musicians to experiment and work with Greenwood s naive ideas 36 Greenwood also arranged strings for the Amnesiac songs Pyramid Song and Dollars and Cents 37 38 Greenwood played guitar on Bryan Ferry s 2002 album Frantic 39 For Radiohead s sixth album Hail to the Thief 2003 Greenwood began using the music programming language Max to sample and manipulate the band s playing 40 After having used effects pedals heavily on previous albums he challenged himself to create interesting guitar parts without effects 41 2003 2006 Bodysong and first solo work edit nbsp Greenwood performing with Radiohead in 2006In 2003 Greenwood released his first solo work the soundtrack for the documentary film Bodysong It incorporates guitar jazz and classical music 35 In 2004 Greenwood and Yorke contributed to the Band Aid 20 single Do They Know It s Christmas produced by Godrich 42 Greenwood s first work for orchestra Smear was premiered by the London Sinfonietta in March 2004 In May Greenwood was appointed composer in residence to the BBC Concert Orchestra for whom he wrote Popcorn Superhet Receiver 2005 which won the Radio 3 Listeners Award at the 2006 BBC British Composer Awards 43 The piece was inspired by radio static and the elaborate dissonant tone clusters of Penderecki s Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima 1960 Greenwood wrote the piece by recording individual tones on viola then manipulating and overdubbing them in Pro Tools 35 As part of his prize Greenwood received 10 000 from the PRS Foundation towards a commission for a new orchestral work 44 For the 2005 film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Greenwood appeared as part of the wizard rock band Weird Sisters with the Radiohead drummer Philip Selway Jarvis Cocker and Steve Mackey of Pulp Steven Claydon of Add N to X and Jason Buckle of All Seeing I 45 At the 2005 Ether Festival Greenwood and Yorke performed Arpeggi with the London Sinfonietta orchestra and the Arab Orchestra of Nazareth Arpeggi was released in a different arrangement on Radiohead s seventh album In Rainbows 2007 retitled Weird Fishes Arpeggi 46 47 2007 2010 There Will Be Blood and In Rainbows edit Greenwood composed the score for the 2007 film There Will Be Blood by the director Paul Thomas Anderson The soundtrack won an award at the Critics Choice Awards and the Best Film Score trophy in the Evening Standard British Film Awards for 2007 48 As it contains excerpts from Popcorn Superhet Receiver an earlier piece it was ineligible for an Academy Award 49 50 Rolling Stone named There Will Be Blood the best film of the decade and described the score as a sonic explosion that reinvented what film music could be 51 In 2016 the film composer Hans Zimmer said the score was the one that had most stood out to him in the past decade describing it as recklessly crazily beautiful 52 Greenwood curated a compilation album of reggae tracks Jonny Greenwood Is the Controller released by Trojan Records in March 2007 53 It features mostly 70s roots and dub tracks from artists including Lee Scratch Perry Joe Gibbs and Linval Thompson The title references Thompson s track Dread Are the Controller 54 Radiohead released their seventh album In Rainbows in October 2007 in a landmark use of the pay what you want model for music sales Greenwood said Radiohead were responding to the culture of downloading free music which he likened to the legend of King Canute You can t pretend the flood isn t happening 55 Greenwood wrote the title music for Adam Buxton s 2008 sketch show Meebox 56 and contributed to the 2009 album Basof Mitraglim Le Hakol by the Israeli rock musician Dudu Tasaa 57 2010 2013 Norwegian Wood and The King of Limbs edit In February 2010 Greenwood debuted a new composition Doghouse at the BBC s Maida Vale Studios He wrote it in hotels and dressing rooms while on tour with Radiohead 58 He expanded Doghouse into the score for the Japanese film Norwegian Wood released later that year 58 Greenwood played guitar on Bryan Ferry s 2010 album Olympia 59 Radiohead s recorded their eighth album The King of Limbs 2011 using sampler software written by Greenwood 10 60 By 2011 Radiohead had sold more than 30 million albums 61 That year Greenwood scored We Need to Talk About Kevin directed by Lynne Ramsay 62 using instruments including a wire strung harp 47 With Yorke he also collaborated with the rapper MF Doom on the track Retarded Fren 63 In 2012 Greenwood composed the score for Anderson s film The Master 64 That March Greenwood and the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki one of Greenwood s greatest influences released an album comprising Penderecki s 1960s compositions Polymorphia and Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima Greenwood s Popcorn Superhet Receiver and a new work by Greenwood 48 Responses to Polymorphia 65 In the same year Greenwood accepted a three month residency with the Australian Chamber Orchestra in Sydney and composed a new piece Water 66 Greenwood Yorke and other artists contributed music to The UK Gold a 2013 documentary about tax avoidance in the UK The soundtrack was released free in February 2015 through the online audio platform SoundCloud 67 2014 2016 Inherent Vice Junun and A Moon Shaped Pool edit nbsp Greenwood performing with the London Contemporary Orchestra in Geneva 2015Greenwood composed the soundtrack for the Anderson film Inherent Vice 2014 It features a new version of an unreleased Radiohead song Spooks performed by Greenwood and two members of Supergrass 68 In 2014 Greenwood performed with the London Contemporary Orchestra performing selections from his soundtracks alongside new compositions 69 In the same year Greenwood performed with the Israeli composer Shye Ben Tzur and his band Greenwood described Tzur s music as quite celebratory more like gospel music than anything except that it s all done to a backing of Indian harmoniums and percussion He said he would play a supportive rather than solistic role 70 In 2015 Greenwood Tzur and Godrich recorded an album Junun with Indian musicians at Mehrangarh Fort in Rajasthan India 71 Greenwood insisted they hire only musicians from Rajasthan and only use string instruments native to the region 72 Ben Tzur wrote the songs with Greenwood contributing guitar bass keyboards ondes Martenot and programming 72 Whereas western music is based on harmonies and chord progressions Greenwood wanted to use chords sparingly and instead write using North Indian ragas 72 Greenwood and Godrich said they wanted to avoid the obsession with high fidelity in recording world music and instead hoped to capture the dirt and roughness of music in India 72 The recording is the subject of a 2015 documentary Junun by Paul Thomas Anderson 73 Greenwood contributed string orchestration to Frank Ocean s 2016 albums Endless 74 and Blonde 75 Radiohead s ninth album A Moon Shaped Pool was released in May 2016 76 featuring strings and choral vocals arranged by Greenwood and performed by the London Contemporary Orchestra 77 With Ben Tzur and the Indian ensemble Greenwood supported Radiohead s 2018 Moon Shaped Pool tour under the name Junun 78 2017 2020 Phantom Thread and The Power of the Dog edit nbsp Greenwood performing at the BBC Proms in London 2019Greenwood wrote the score for Anderson s 2017 film Phantom Thread It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score 79 and earned Greenwood his sixth Ivor Novello award 80 In the same year he reunited with Ramsay to score her film You Were Never Really Here 81 At the 2019 BBC Proms in London Greenwood debuted his composition Horror Vacui for solo violin and 68 string instruments 82 Radiohead were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in March 2019 83 Greenwood did not attend the event In the year before Radiohead became eligible for nomination he told Rolling Stone I don t care Maybe it s a cultural thing that I really don t understand It s quite a self regarding profession anyway And anything that heightens that just makes me feel even more uncomfortable 84 In September 2019 Greenwood launched a record label Octatonic Records to release contemporary classical music by soloists and small groups he had met as a film composer 85 In 2021 he expressed uncertainty about releasing further Octatonic records as the two records they had released seemed to not really connect with anybody 86 For the soundtrack for The Power of the Dog 2021 Greenwood played the cello in the style of a banjo and recorded a piece for player piano controlled with the software Max 87 The soundtrack earned Greenwood his second nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Score 88 For his soundtrack toSpencer 2021 Greenwood combined Baroque and jazz music juxtaposing the rigid and colourful styles 87 He also contributed cues to Anderson s 2021 film Licorice Pizza 89 2021 present the Smile and Jarak Qaribak edit nbsp Greenwood left performing with the Smile in January 2022In 2021 Greenwood debuted a new band the Smile with Yorke and the jazz drummer Tom Skinner 90 Greenwood said the project was a way for him and Yorke to work together during the COVID 19 lockdowns 86 Pitchfork attributed the Smile to Greenwood s frustration with Radiohead s slow working pace and his desire to release records that are 90 percent as good that come out twice as often 91 The Smile made their surprise debut in a performance streamed by Glastonbury Festival on 22 May with Greenwood playing guitar and bass 92 The Guardian critic Alexis Petridis said the Smile sound like a simultaneously more skeletal and knottier version of Radiohead exploring more progressive rock influences with unusual time signatures complex riffs and hard driving motorik psychedelia 93 In May 2022 the Smile released their debut album A Light for Attracting Attention and began an international tour 94 The second Smile album Wall of Eyes was released in January 2024 with a European tour to follow in March 95 Greenwood and Yorke contributed music to the sixth series of the television drama Peaky Blinders broadcast in 2022 96 On 9 June 2023 Greenwood and the Israeli musician Dudu Tassa released Jarak Qaribak an album of Middle Eastern love songs 97 It was produced by Greenwood and Tasaa and mixed by Godrich and features several Middle Eastern musicians Greenwood said he and Tasaa had tried to imagine what Kraftwerk would have done if they d been in Cairo in the 1970s 98 He denied any intent to make a political point with the album and said I do understand that as soon as you do anything in that part of the world it becomes political possibly especially if it s artistic 98 Greenwood composed and conducted strings for the Pretenders song I Think About You Daily released in June 2023 99 Musicianship editGuitar edit nbsp Greenwood playing bowed guitarGreenwood is Radiohead s lead guitarist 100 He is known for his aggressive playing style 13 Guitar com wrote that Greenwood s playing on Radiohead s debut Pablo Honey was an exhilarating melange of tremolo picked soundscapes chunky octaves screaming high register runs and killswitch antics 101 In the 1990s Greenwood developed repetitive stress injury necessitating a brace on his right arm which he likened to taping up your fingers before a boxing match 13 Greenwood said he dislikes the reputation of guitars as something to be admired or worshipped and instead sees them as a tool like a typewriter or a vacuum cleaner 47 102 He said he hated guitar solos There s nothing worse than hearing someone cautiously going up and down the scales of their guitar You can hear them thinking about what the next note should be and then out it comes It s more interesting to write something that doesn t outstay its welcome 103 For most Radiohead songs Greenwood has long used a Fender Telecaster Plus a model of Telecaster that uses Lace Sensor pickups According to Far Out Greenwood used the Telecaster s power and instability to produce a punchy sound that helped set Radiohead apart in the 1990s 104 On softer tracks such as Subterranean Homesick Alien and Let Down from OK Computer and You And Whose Army from Amnesiac Greenwood plays a Fender Starcaster 104 He sometimes plays with a violin bow 105 106 Greenwood plays a Gibson Les Paul for solo performances and his work with the Smile For bass he plays a Fender Precision Bass using an aggressive picking style 106 Greenwood often uses effect pedals 21 such as the Marshall ShredMaster distortion pedal used on many 1990s Radiohead songs 107 For the My Iron Lung riff he uses a DigiTech Whammy pedal to pitch shift his guitar by one octave creating a glitchy lo fi sound 108 On Identikit and several Smile songs Greenwood uses a delay effect to create angular synchronised repeats 106 His main amplifiers are a Vox AC30 and a Fender 85 104 In 2010 NME named Greenwood one of the greatest living guitarists 109 He was voted the seventh greatest guitarist of all time in a 2010 poll of more than 30 000 BBC 6 Music listeners 110 In 2008 Guitar World named Greenwood s guitar solo in Paranoid Android the 34th greatest 28 In 2010 the Rolling Stone journalist David Fricke named Greenwood the 48th greatest guitarist 111 and in 2012 Spin ranked him the 29th 112 In its 2023 list of the greatest guitarists Rolling Stone ranked Greenwood and O Brien joint 43rd writing Even as he blossomed into a noted neo classical composer Greenwood always made sure to throw in at least one brain scrambling banger of a guitar part per album 113 Ondes Martenot edit nbsp Greenwood performing on an ondes Martenot in 2010Greenwood is a prominent player of the ondes Martenot an early electronic instrument played by moving a ring along a wire creating sounds similar to a theremin 34 He first used it on Radiohead s 2000 album Kid A and it appears in Radiohead songs including The National Anthem How to Disappear Completely and Where I End and You Begin 114 Greenwood became interested in the ondes Martenot at the age of 15 after hearing Olivier Messiaen s Turangalila Symphony 2 He said he was partly attracted to the instrument as he cannot sing I ve always wanted to be able to play an instrument that was like singing and there s nothing closer 115 As production of the ondes Martenot ceased in 1988 Greenwood had a replica created to take on tour with Radiohead in 2001 for fear of damaging his original model 34 Other instruments edit Greenwood plays instruments including piano synthesiser viola glockenspiel harmonica recorder organ banjo 102 and harp 106 He said he enjoyed struggling with instruments I can t really play and that he enjoyed playing glockenspiel with Radiohead as much as he did guitar 47 Greenwood created the rhythm for Idioteque from Kid A with a modular synthesiser 33 and sampled the song s four chord synthesiser phrase from mild und leise a computer music piece by Paul Lansky 116 32 He uses a Kaoss Pad to manipulate Yorke s vocals during performances of the Kid A song Everything in its Right Place 117 In 2014 Greenwood wrote of his fascination with Indian instruments particularly the tanpura which he felt created uniquely complex walls of sounds 70 Greenwood uses a home made sound machine comprising small hammers striking objects including yoghurt cartons tubs bells and tambourines 118 He has used found sounds using a television and a transistor radio on Climbing Up the Walls from OK Computer and The National Anthem from Kid A 102 Software edit At the suggestion of Radiohead s producer Nigel Godrich Greenwood began using the music programming language Max 119 He found it liberating to abandon existing notions of audio effects and create his own from scratch thinking in terms of sound and maths 11 Examples of Greenwood s use of Max include the processed piano on the Moon Shaped Pool track Glass Eyes 120 and his signature stutter guitar effect used on tracks such as the 2003 single Go to Sleep 121 122 He used Max to write sampling software used to create Radiohead s eighth album The King of Limbs 10 Songwriting edit People from my background are made to feel that it s wrong to have opinions about classical music So I found it quite healthy particularly at school to think about classical composers and rock bands in the same way The reason I loved Messiaen for instance was that he was still alive and writing To me that was as exciting as a great old rock band still being around Same with Penderecki His strange orchestral music was quite dark but it felt similar to the strange electronic music coming out of Manchester Greenwood on his love of classical and rock music 2010 9 Greenwood s major writing contributions to Radiohead include Just which Yorke described as a competition by me and Jonny to get as many chords as possible into a song My Iron Lung co written with Yorke 123 from The Bends 1995 The Tourist and the rain down bridge of Paranoid Android from OK Computer 1997 13 the vocal melody of Kid A from Kid A 2000 124 and the guitar melody of A Wolf At The Door from Hail To The Thief 2003 whose sweet quality inspired Yorke to sing the song s angry lyrics 125 The New York Times described Greenwood as the guy who can take an abstract Thom Yorke notion and master the tools required to execute it in the real world 35 In 2016 Greenwood described his role in Radiohead as an arranger It s not really about can I do my guitar part now it s more What will serve this song best How do we not mess up this really good song Part of the problem is Thom will sit at the piano and play a song like Pyramid Song and we re going to record it and how do we not make it worse how do we make it better than him just playing it by himself which is already usually quite great 8 For his film soundtracks Greenwood attempts to keep the instrumentation contemporary to the period of the story For example he recorded the Norwegian Wood soundtrack using a 1960s Japanese nylon strung guitar with home recording equipment from the period attempting to create a recording that one of the characters might have made 47 Many of Greenwood s compositions are microtonal 47 He often uses modes of limited transposition particularly the octatonic scale saying I like to know what I can t do and then work inside that 87 Influences edit Greenwood has cited influences from genres including jazz classical rock reggae hip hop and electronic music His jazz favourites include Lee Morgan Alice Coltrane and Miles Davis 117 Along with the other members of Radiohead he admires Scott Walker 126 and the Krautrock band Can 127 Greenwood said the guitarist that had most influenced him was John McGeoch of Magazine and that Magazine s songwriting informs so much of what Radiohead do 128 He declined an offer to fill in for McGeoch who died in 2004 during Magazine s 2009 reunion tour According to the Radiohead collaborator Adam Buxton Jonny was overwhelmed and too shy to accept the role 129 Greenwood first heard Olivier Messiaen s Turangalila Symphony at the age of 15 and became round the bend obsessed with it 2 Messiaen was Greenwood s first connection to classical music and remains an influence he said He was still alive when I was 15 and for whatever reason I felt I could equate him with my other favourite bands there was no big posthumous reputation to put me off So I m still very fond of writing things in the same modes of limited transposition that he used 47 Greenwood is an admirer of the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki and cited a concert of Penderecki s music in the early 90s as a conversion experience 35 130 He is also a fan of the composers Gyorgy Ligeti 131 Henri Dutilleux 132 and Steve Reich 133 He has performed Reich s 1987 guitar composition Electric Counterpoint and recorded a version for Reich s 2014 album Radio Rewrite 133 Personal life editGreenwood is married to the Israeli visual artist Sharona Katan whom he met in 1993 when Radiohead performed in Israel 134 Her work credited as Shin Katan appears on the covers of Junun and several of Greenwood s soundtracks 135 Their first son was born in 2002 Radiohead s 2003 album Hail to the Thief was dedicated to him Their daughter was born in 2005 and a second son was born in February 2008 citation needed Katan said she considers their family Jewish Our kids are raised as Jews we have a mezuzah in our house we sometimes have Shabbos dinners we celebrate Jewish holidays The kids don t eat pork It s important to me to keep this stuff 134 In February 2021 Greenwood appeared on the BBC Radio 4 program Saturday Live where his selected Inheritance Tracks were Sweetheart Contract by Magazine and Brotherhood of Man by Oscar Peterson and Clark Terry 136 Greenwood is red green colour blind 137 Since 2015 Greenwood has lived on a farm in Marche Italy In April 2023 he began selling his own olive oil from Radiohead s online shop 138 Discography editSee also Radiohead discography and The Smile discography Collaborative albums edit List of collaborative albums with selected chart positions Title Details ChartsUKSales 139 UKIndie 140 SCO 141 USCurr 142 USHeat 143 USWorld 144 Threnody For The Victims Of Hiroshima Popcorn Superhet Receiver Polymorphia 48 Responses To Polymorphia performed by Aukso Orchestra conducted by Krzysztof Penderecki and Marek Mos pl Released 13 March 2012 Label Nonesuch Formats CD download Junun with Shye Ben Tzur and the Rajasthan Express Released 20 November 2015 Label Nonesuch Formats LP CD cassette download 6 3Jarak Qaribak with Dudu Tassa Released 9 June 2023 Label World Circuit Formats LP CD download 34 13 70 68 Soundtracks edit Title Details ChartsUSOST 145 USHeat 143 USVinyl 146 Bodysong Released 27 October 2003 Label Parlophone Capitol XL 147 Formats LP CD download There Will Be Blood Released 17 December 2007 Label Nonesuch Formats LP CD download 20 21Norwegian Wood Released 10 December 2010 Label Nonesuch Formats CD download The Master Released 10 September 2012 Label Nonesuch Formats LP CD download 21 28 Inherent Vice Released 15 December 2014 Label Nonesuch Formats LP CD download Phantom Thread Released 12 January 2018 Label Nonesuch WEA 148 Formats LP CD download You Were Never Really Here Released 9 March 2018 Label Lakeshore Invada Formats LP CD download Spencer Released 12 November 2021 Label Mercury KX 86 Formats LP CD download The Power of the Dog Released 17 November 2021 Label Lakeshore Invada Formats LP CD download Compilations edit Title ChartsUSReggae 149 Jonny Greenwood Is the Controller with Various Artists Released 6 March 2007 Label Trojan Sanctuary Formats CD download 5EPs edit Title ChartsUSClassical 150 Octatonic Volume 2 Industry Water with Michael Gordon Released 24 September 2019 Label Octatonic Records Formats Vinyl 151 download 10Appearances edit 1992 Blind Mr Jones Crazy Jazz harmonica 22 1999 Pavement Terror Twilight harmonica on Platform Blues and Billie 30 2002 Bryan Ferry Frantic guitar 39 2006 Thom Yorke The Eraser piano on title track 39 2009 Dudu Tassa Basof Mitraglim Le Hakol 57 2010 Bryan Ferry Olympia guitar 59 2011 We Need to Talk About Kevin score 2014 Steve Reich Radio Rewrite Electric Counterpoint 2016 Frank Ocean Endless string arrangement 74 2016 Frank Ocean Blonde string arrangement 75 2021 Licorice Pizza Official Motion Picture Soundtrack Licorice Pizza 89 2023 The Pretenders Relentless string arrangement for I Think About You Daily 99 Concert works edit 2004 smear for two ondes Martenots and chamber ensemble of nine players 152 2004 Piano for Children for piano and orchestra 131 withdrawn 2005 Popcorn Superhet Receiver for string orchestra 5 2007 There Will Be Blood live film version 153 2010 Doghouse for string trio and orchestra 154 2011 Suite from Noruwei no Mori Norwegian Wood for orchestra 155 2011 48 Responses to Polymorphia for 48 solo strings all doubling optional pacay bean shakers 156 2012 Suite from There Will Be Blood for string orchestra 157 2014 Setting Up Arrows for string ensemble of 7 players 158 2014 Water for two flutes upright piano chamber organ two tanpura amp string orchestra 159 2015 88 No 1 for solo piano 2018 Three Miniatures from Water for violin piano 2 tampuras and cello bass drone 160 2019 Horror vacui for solo violin and 68 strings 82 Awards and nominations editMain article List of awards and nominations received by Jonny GreenwoodSee also editList of Old AbingdoniansReferences editNotes edit Citations edit Jonny Greenwood Biography amp History AllMusic AllMusic Archived from the original on 8 June 2020 Retrieved 5 April 2016 a b c Ross Alex 20 August 2001 The Searchers Radiohead s unquiet revolution The New Yorker Archived from the original on 14 February 2008 Retrieved 22 February 2012 Buxton Adam 2016 Ep 22B Jonny Greenwood bonus Jonny bits The Adam Buxton Podcast Archived from the original on 20 August 2016 Retrieved 22 June 2016 Dalton Stephen 18 March 2016 Radiohead We were spitting and fighting and crying Uncut Retrieved 23 May 2022 a b Popcorn Superhet Receiver Faber Music Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 18 October 2014 a b c Jonny Greenwood The First Time With BBC Radio 6 Music BBC Archived from the original on 21 June 2016 Retrieved 24 June 2016 Tait Albert 1 March 2023 Jonny Greenwood s music teacher remembers charming student upon retirement Oxford Mail Retrieved 14 August 2023 a b All Songs 1 A Conversation With Radiohead s Jonny Greenwood NPR Archived from the original on 5 August 2016 Retrieved 4 August 2016 a b c Jonny Greenwood on Penderecki Messiaen and the BBC Concert Orchestra Archived from the original on 11 November 2013 a b c Fricke David 26 April 2012 Radiohead reconnect Rolling Stone No 115 a b Pask Andrew 2 January 2014 Mini Interview Jonny Greenwood Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2014 McLean Craig 14 July 2003 Don t worry be happy The Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on 8 December 2007 Retrieved 25 December 2007 a b c d e f Randall Mac 1 April 1998 The golden age of Radiohead Guitar World Lewis Luke 24 March 2013 This Is What Radiohead Looked Like In The 80s Buzzfeed Archived from the original on 28 March 2013 Retrieved 24 June 2013 Jones Lucy 26 March 2013 9 Photos Of Artists Before They Hit The Big Time NME Archived from the original on 6 April 2013 Retrieved 24 June 2013 a b Gross Terry 7 February 2022 For Radiohead s Jonny Greenwood there are no rules to composing for film NPR Retrieved 7 February 2022 Ross Alex 20 August 2001 The Searchers The New Yorker Archived from the original on 14 February 2008 Retrieved 16 March 2011 Fricke David 26 April 2012 Radiohead reconnect Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 17 March 2016 Retrieved 15 March 2016 Bromwich Kathryn 16 August 2015 On my radar Jonny Greenwood s cultural highlights The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 14 August 2023 a b Irvin Jim Hoskyns Barney July 1997 We have lift off Mojo 45 a b Jonny Greenwood 100 Greatest Guitarists Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 1 March 2014 Retrieved 22 June 2016 a b Kellman Andy Blind Mr Jones Biography amp History AllMusic AllMusic Archived from the original on 14 July 2018 Retrieved 22 June 2016 Reed Bill 22 August 2003 Tune in tune on to Radiohead The Gazette Retrieved 15 September 2021 DiMartino Dave 2 May 1997 Give Radiohead to Your Computer LAUNCH Randall Mac 1 February 2012 Exit Music The Radiohead Story Updated Edition Backbeat Books ISBN 978 1 4584 7147 5 Q Magazine The 100 Greatest British Albums of All Time How many do you own Either on CD Vinyl Tape or Download List Challenges Archived from the original on 19 February 2020 Retrieved 20 April 2020 Radiohead s OK Computer named best album of the past 25 years Telegraph co uk 22 December 2010 Archived from the original on 1 February 2018 Retrieved 4 April 2018 a b 100 Greatest Guitar Solos No 34 Paranoid Android Jonny Greenwood Guitar World 28 October 2008 Archived from the original on 20 August 2017 Retrieved 23 June 2016 Weird Fruit Jonny Greenwoods Creative Contribution to The Bends PopMatters Archived from the original on 18 May 2017 Retrieved 23 June 2016 a b The Quietus Features Rock s Backpages A Pavement Interview Terror Twilight Radiohead amp Going Overground Retrieved 25 June 2016 Reynolds Simon July 2001 Walking on Thin Ice The Wire Archived from the original on 4 February 2012 Retrieved 17 March 2007 a b c Nic Harcourt 12 October 2000 Radiohead Morning Becomes Eclectic Morning Becomes Eclectic Interview Jonny and Colin Greenwood KCRW a b Thom Yorke Talks About Life in the Public Eye NPR 12 July 2006 Archived from the original on 20 February 2009 Retrieved 29 March 2009 a b c McNamee David 12 October 2009 Hey what s that sound Ondes martenot The Guardian Archived from the original on 28 January 2017 Retrieved 22 June 2016 a b c d e Pappademas Alex 9 March 2012 Jonny Greenwood Radiohead s runaway guitarist The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 20 May 2016 Retrieved 22 June 2016 Zoric Lauren October 2000 Fitter Happier More Productive Juice Kornhaber Spencer 4 June 2021 The 2001 album that captured modern dread The Atlantic Retrieved 4 June 2021 Varga George 25 April 2019 Radiohead s Jazz Frequencies Jazz Times 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