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Jayne Mansfield

January 16, 2024

Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer; April 19, 1933 – June 29, 1967) was an American actress, singer, nightclub entertainer, and Playboy Playmate. A sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s, Mansfield was known for her numerous publicity stunts and open personal life. Although her film career was short-lived, she had several box-office successes, and won a Theatre World Award and Golden Globe Award, and soon gained the nickname of Hollywood's "smartest dumb blonde."

Jayne Mansfield
Mansfield in Kiss Them for Me (1957)
Born
Vera Jayne Palmer

(1933-04-19)April 19, 1933
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJune 29, 1967(1967-06-29) (aged 34)
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Cause of deathBrain trauma sustained in automobile crash
Resting placeFairview Cemetery, Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania
40°51′42″N 75°14′25″W / 40.861672°N 75.240244°W / 40.861672; -75.240244
Education
Occupations
Years active1954–1967
Spouses
  • Paul Mansfield
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1950; div. 1958)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1958; div. 1964)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1964; div. 1966)​
ChildrenJayne Marie Mansfield
Miklos Hargitay, Jr. (1958)
Zoltan Anthony (1960)
Mariska Hargitay
Antonio Raphael Ottaviano (1965)[1]
Awards
Websitejaynemansfield.com
Signature

Mansfield gained notoriety after playing the role of fictional actress Rita Marlowe in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1955–1956) on Broadway, which she reprised in the film adaptation of the same name in 1957. Her other film roles include the musical comedy The Girl Can't Help It (1956), the drama The Wayward Bus (1957), the neo-noir Too Hot to Handle (1960), and the sex comedy Promises! Promises! (1963); the latter established Mansfield as the first major American actress to perform in a nude scene in a post-silent era film.

Mansfield took her professional name from her first husband, public relations professional Paul Mansfield. She married three times, each marriage ending in divorce, and had five children. She was allegedly intimately involved with numerous men, including Robert and John F. Kennedy, her attorney Samuel S. Brody, and Las Vegas entertainer Nelson Sardelli. On June 29, 1967, she died in an automobile crash in New Orleans at the age of 34.[2]

Early life edit

Jayne Mansfield was born Vera Jayne Palmer on April 19, 1933, at Bryn Mawr Hospital in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania,[3][4] the only child of Herbert William Palmer, of English and German ancestry, and Vera Jeffrey (née Palmer) Palmer, of English and Cornish descent.[5] She inherited more than $90,000 from her maternal grandfather, Thomas ($910,000 in 2022 dollars),[6] and more than $36,000 from her maternal grandmother, Beatrice Mary Palmer, in 1958 ($370,000 in 2022 dollars).[7][8][Notes 1]

Jayne Mansfield spent her early childhood in Philipsburg, New Jersey,[10] where her father was an attorney practicing with future New Jersey governor Robert B. Meyner. In 1936, her father died of a heart attack. In 1939, Jayne Mansfield’s mother married sales engineer Harry Lawrence Peers and the family moved to Dallas, Texas,[11] where she was known as Vera Jayne Peers.[12][13] As a child, she wanted to be a Hollywood star like Shirley Temple.[14][15][16] At age 12, Palmer took ballroom dance lessons.[17] She graduated from Highland Park High School in 1950.[18][19][20][21] While in high school, Palmer took violin, piano, and viola lessons. She also studied Spanish and German.[22][23] Palmer received grades in the high Bs in all subjects consistently.[24]

At age 17, she married Paul Mansfield on May 6, 1950.[25] Their daughter, Jayne Marie Mansfield, was born six months later, on November 8, 1950. Jayne and her husband enrolled in Southern Methodist University to study acting.[26][27][28] In 1951, Jayne moved to Los Angeles and attended a summer semester at UCLA. She entered the Miss California contest but Paul found out and forced her to withdraw from the competition.[29] She then moved to Austin, Texas, with her husband, and studied dramatics at the University of Texas at Austin.[19][20][21][27] There, Mansfield worked as a nude art model, sold books door-to-door, and worked as a receptionist at a dance studio.[30][31][32] She also joined the Curtain Club,[31] a campus theatrical society that included lyricist Tom Jones, composer Harvey Schmidt, and actors Rip Torn and Pat Hingle among its members.[31][33][34] Mansfield then spent a year at Camp Gordon, Georgia, while her husband Paul served in the United States Army Reserve during the Korean War.[35]

In 1953, she moved back to Dallas and studied acting for several months under Baruch Lumet, the father of director Sidney Lumet and founder of the Dallas Institute of Performing Arts.[36][37][38] Lumet gave Mansfield private lessons and called Mansfield and Rip Torn his "kids".[19][39][32] Eventually, Lumet helped Jayne get her first screen test at Paramount in April 1954. Paul, Jayne, and Jayne Marie moved to Los Angeles in 1954. Jayne worked at a variety of odd jobs including: selling popcorn at the Stanley Warner Theatre, teaching dance,[40] selling candy at a movie theater,[26] modeling part-time at the Blue Book Model Agency,[41] and working as a photographer at Esther Williams' Trails Restaurant.[42][27][36]

Career edit

Playboy edit

Jayne Mansfield
Playboy centerfold appearance
February 1955
Preceded byBettie Page
Succeeded byMarilyn Waltz
Personal details
Height5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) (5 ft 8 in according to her autopsy)

While attending the University of Texas at Austin, Mansfield won several beauty contests, including Miss Photoflash, Miss Magnesium Lamp, and Miss Fire Prevention Week. By her own account, the only title she refused was Miss Roquefort Cheese, because she believed it "just didn't sound right".[43] Mansfield later rejected "Miss Prime Rib" in 1957 as well. In 1952, while in Dallas, she and Paul Mansfield participated in small local-theater productions of The Slaves of Demon Rum and Ten Nights in a Barroom, and Anything Goes in Camp Gordon, Georgia. After he left for military service, she made her first significant stage appearance in a production of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman on October 22, 1953, with the players of the Knox Street Theater, headed by Lumet.[42] While at UCLA, she entered the Miss California contest (hiding her marital status), and won the local round before withdrawing.[32]

Early in her career, some advertisers considered her prominent breasts undesirable, which led to her losing her first professional assignment – a commercial for General Electric that depicted young women in bathing suits relaxing around a pool.[44] Emmeline Snively, head of the Blue Book Model Agency, had sent her to photographer Gene Lester, which led to her short-lived assignment in the General Electric commercial.[36] In 1954, she auditioned at both Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. At Paramount, Jayne performed a sketch she had worked out with Lumet from Joan of Arc for casting director Milton Lewis. Lewis informed her that she was wasting her "obvious talents" and had her come back a week later to perform the piano scene from The Seven Year Itch. Jayne failed to impress but learned she would have to go blonde. She then performed the piano scene for Warner Brothers, but, again, failed to impress.[45] She landed her first acting assignment in Lux Video Theatre, a series on CBS in the episode "An Angel Went AWOL", aired on October 21, 1954.[42] In it, she sat at a piano and delivered a few lines of dialogue for $300 ($3,000 in 2022 dollars).[6][46]

In December 1953, Hugh Hefner began publishing Playboy. The magazine became a success, in part, because of early appearances from Mansfield, Marilyn Monroe, Bettie Page, and Anita Ekberg.[47] In February 1955, Mansfield was the Playboy Playmate of the Month,[48] and appeared in the magazine several times.[49] Her February appearance increased the magazine's circulation and helped boost Mansfield's career.[50][51][52] Shortly afterward, she posed for the Playboy calendar, covering her breasts with her hands. Playboy featured Mansfield each February from 1955 to 1958, and again in 1960.[52]

In August 1956, Paul Mansfield sought custody of his daughter, alleging that Jayne was an unfit mother because she appeared nude in Playboy.[53] In 1964, the magazine repeated the 1955 pictorial.[52] Playboy reprinted photos from that pictorial issue, with titles such as December 1965's "The Playboy Portfolio of Sex Stars", and January 2000s "Centerfolds of the Century".[54]

Film edit

See also: Jayne Mansfield filmography

Mansfield's first film part was a supporting role in Female Jungle, a low-budget drama completed in ten days. Her part was filmed over a few days, and she was paid $150 ($2,000 in 2022 dollars).[6][55] It was released unofficially in early 1955. In February 1955, James Byron, her manager and publicist, negotiated a seven-year contract with Warner Brothers, who were intrigued by her publicity antics.[56] The contract initially paid her $250 a week ($3,000 in 2022 dollars) and landed her two films – one with an insignificant role and another unreleased for two years. She filed for separation from Paul Mansfield that January.[54][56] Mansfield was given bit parts in Pete Kelly's Blues (1955), starring Jack Webb, and Hell on Frisco Bay (1955), starring Alan Ladd. She acted in one more movie for Warner Brothers – another small but significant role opposite Edward G. Robinson in the courtroom drama Illegal (1955).[56]

Mansfield's agent, William Shiffrin, signed her to play fictional film star Rita Marlowe in the Broadway play Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? with Orson Bean and Walter Matthau. She accepted the part while working in producer Louis W. Kellman's The Burglar (1957), director Paul Wendkos's film adaptation of David Goodis' novel,[57] made in film noir style. Mansfield appeared alongside Dan Duryea and Martha Vickers. It was released two years later, when Mansfield's fame was at its peak. She was successful in this straight dramatic role, though most of her subsequent film appearances were comedic or capitalized on her sex appeal.[58] It was Kellman's first major venture, and he claimed to have "discovered" Mansfield.[59] She was announced for Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? in mid-July 1955 and was dropped by Warner Brothers on July 31.

Twentieth Century-Fox signed Mansfield to a six-year contract on May 3, 1956, in its New York office to mold her as a successor to the increasingly difficult Marilyn Monroe,[60] their resident blonde sex symbol, who had just completed the very difficult Bus Stop. Mansfield was still under contract to Broadway and continued playing Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? on stage until September 15, 1956. She undertook her first starring film role as Jerri Jordan in Frank Tashlin's The Girl Can't Help It (1956).[citation needed] Originally titled Do-Re-Mi, it featured a high-profile cast of contemporary rock and roll and R&B artists including Gene Vincent, Eddie Cochran, Fats Domino, The Platters and Little Richard.[61] Released in December 1956, The Girl Can't Help It became one of the year's biggest successes, both critically and financially, earning more than Gentlemen Prefer Blondes had three years before.[62]

 
Mansfield departs by helicopter to Rotterdam, Netherlands

Soon afterward, Fox started promoting Mansfield as "Marilyn Monroe king-sized", attempting to coerce Monroe to return to the studio and complete her contract.[63] Mansfield next played a dramatic role in The Wayward Bus (1957), an adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel of the same name. With this film, she attempted to move away from her "blonde bombshell" image and establish herself as a serious actress. The film enjoyed moderate box-office success, and Mansfield won a Golden Globe in 1957 for New Star of the Year, beating Carroll Baker and Natalie Wood with her performance as a "wistful derelict". It was "generally conceded to have been her best acting", according to The New York Times, in a fitful career hampered by her flamboyant image, distinctive voice ("a soft-voiced coo punctuated with squeals"), voluptuous figure and limited acting range.[64] Tashlin cast Mansfield in the film version of the Broadway show Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?, released in 1957,[26] reprising her role of Rita Marlowe alongside costars Tony Randall and Joan Blondell. Fox launched its new blonde bombshell with a North American tour and a 40-day, 16-country tour of Europe. She attended the premiere of the film (released as Oh! For a Man in the UK) in London, and met Queen Elizabeth II.[65][66][67]

 
Mansfield in The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958)

Mansfield's fourth starring role in a Hollywood film was in Kiss Them for Me (also 1957), for which she received prominent billing alongside Cary Grant. However, in the film itself she is little more than comic relief; Grant's character relates to a redhead played by fashion model Suzy Parker. The film, described as "vapid" and "ill-advised", was a critical and box-office flop,[68] and marked one of the last attempts by 20th Century-Fox to publicize Mansfield.[69] The continuing publicity surrounding Mansfield's physical appearance failed to sustain her career.[70] Fox gave her a leading role opposite Kenneth More in The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958), a western comedy filmed on location in Spain. In the film, Mansfield's three songs were dubbed by singer Connie Francis. Fox released the film in the United States in 1959, and it was Mansfield's last mainstream film success. Columbia Pictures offered her a part opposite James Stewart and Jack Lemmon in the romantic comedy Bell, Book and Candle (1958), but she turned it down because she was pregnant.[71][72] Fox then attempted to cast Mansfield opposite Paul Newman in Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! (1958), his ill-fated first attempt at comedy.[73]

 
Mansfield in Too Hot to Handle (1960)

With a decreased demand for big-breasted, blonde bombshells and an increasing negative backlash against her excessive publicity, Mansfield became a box-office has-been by the early 1960s,[42] yet she remained a celebrity, still able to attract large crowds outside the United States by way of lucrative and successful nightclub acts.

Mansfield gained no major star role in film roles after 1959. She was unable to fulfill a third of her contract with Fox due to her reported "repeated pregnancies". Fox stopped viewing her as a major Hollywood star and started loaning her and her likeness out to foreign productions in England and Italy, respectively, until the end of her contract in 1962. Many of her English/Italian films are regarded as obscure and some considered lost.[74][75]

In 1959, Fox cast her in two independent gangster films shot in the United Kingdom: The Challenge and Too Hot to Handle, both released the following year. Both films were low-budget, and their American releases were delayed.[76] Too Hot to Handle was not released in the United States until 1961 as Playgirl After Dark. The Challenge was released in 1963 as It Takes a Thief. In the United States, censors objected to a scene in Too Hot to Handle in which Mansfield, wearing silver netting with sequins painted over her nipples, appears nearly nude.[77]

 
Nude in Promises! Promises! (1963)

When Mansfield returned to Hollywood in mid-1960, 20th Century Fox cast her in It Happened in Athens (1962) with Trax Colton, a handsome newcomer Fox was trying to mold into a heartthrob. She received first billing above the title but appeared in only a supporting role. The Olympic Games-based film was shot in Greece in the fall of 1960 but was not released until June 1962. It was a box-office failure, and 20th Century Fox dropped Mansfield's contract. In 1961, Mansfield signed on for a minor role but above-the-title billing in The George Raft Story, released the following year. Starring Ray Danton as Raft, the film showcased Mansfield in a small part as a glamorous film star. Soon after the film's release, she returned to European films, appearing in low-budget foreign films such as Heimweh nach St. Pauli (1963, Germany), L'Amore Primitivo (1964, Italy), Panic Button (1964, Italy) and Einer frisst den anderen (1964, Germany).[citation needed]

Tommy Noonan persuaded Mansfield to become the first mainstream American actress to appear nude in a starring role, in the film Promises! Promises! (1963). Playboy published nude photographs of Mansfield on the set in its June 1963 issue, resulting in obscenity charges against Hugh Hefner in a Chicago court.[78] Promises! Promises! was banned in Cleveland, Ohio, but enjoyed box-office success elsewhere. As a result of the film's success, Mansfield landed on the Top 10 list of box-office attractions for that year.[79] Soon after her success in Promises! Promises!, Mansfield was chosen from many other actresses to replace the recently deceased Marilyn Monroe in Kiss Me, Stupid (1964), a romantic comedy also starring Dean Martin. She turned down the role because of her pregnancy with daughter Mariska Hargitay, and was replaced by Kim Novak. That same year, Mansfield appeared in a pinup book called Jayne Mansfield for President: the White House or Bust, which was promoted on billboards; David Attie, a commercial and fine art photographer, took the photographs.[80]

In 1966, Mansfield was cast in Single Room Furnished, directed by husband Matt Cimber. The film required Mansfield to portray three different characters, and was her first starring, dramatic role in several years. It was released briefly in 1966, but did not enjoy a full release until 1968, almost a year after her death. After Single Room Furnished wrapped, Mansfield was cast opposite Mamie Van Doren and Ferlin Husky in The Las Vegas Hillbillys (1966), a low-budget comedy from Woolner Brothers. It was her first country and western film, and she promoted it through a 29-day tour of major U.S. cities, accompanied by Husky, Don Bowman and other country musicians. Before filming began, Mansfield said she would not "share any screen time with the drive-in's answer to Marilyn Monroe", meaning Van Doren. Though their characters did share one scene, Mansfield and Van Doren filmed their parts at different times to be edited together later.[81]

Mansfield's wardrobe relied on the shapeless styles of the 1960s to hide her weight gain after the birth of her fifth child.[82] Despite career setbacks, she remained a highly visible celebrity during the early 1960s through her publicity antics and stage performances. In early 1967, Mansfield filmed her last role, a cameo in A Guide for the Married Man, a comedy starring Walter Matthau, Robert Morse and Inger Stevens. The opening credits listed Mansfield as one of the technical advisers, along with other star names.[83]

Television edit

See also: Jayne Mansfield television work
 
Mansfield and Barry Coe in Follow the Sun (1961)

Mansfield played her first leading role on television in 1956 on NBC's The Bachelor.[84] In her first appearance on British television in 1957, she recited from Shakespeare (including a line from Hamlet)[Notes 2] and played piano and violin.[85][86] Her notable performances in television dramas included episodes of Burke's Law, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Red Skelton Hour (three episodes), Kraft Mystery Theater and Follow the Sun. Mansfield's performance in her first series Follow the Sun ("The Dumbest Blonde"; Season 1, Episode 21; February 4, 1962; produced by 20th Century Fox Television) was hailed as the advent of "a new and dramatic Jayne Mansfield".[87] She appeared on a number of game shows including "Talk it up," Down You Go (as a regular panelist), The Match Game (one rare episode has her as a team captain), and What's My Line? (as a special mystery guest).

She performed in a number of variety shows including The Jack Benny Program (on which she played violin), The Steve Allen Show and The Jackie Gleason Show (during the mid-1960s, when the show was the second-highest-rated program in the U.S.).[88] In November 1957, in a special episode of NBC's The Perry Como Show ("Holiday in Las Vegas"), one of her nightclub acts was featured, something quite scandalous for the audience according to the broadcaster.[89] She was a member of the headlining guests for three of The Bob Hope Specials. In 1957, she toured United States Pacific Command areas in Hawaii, Okinawa, Guam, Tokyo and Korea with Bob Hope for the United Service Organizations for 13 days appearing as a comedian;[90] and in 1961, toured Newfoundland,[91] Labrador and Baffin Island in Canada for a Christmas special.[92] Her talk show career includes a large number of appearances which she appreciated for the publicity.[86] One of her more notable appearances on a variety show was on The Ed Sullivan Show (Season 10, Episode 35; May 26, 1957) right after her success with Rock Hunter, where she played violin with a six-person backup band.[93] After the show she exclaimed, "Now I am really national. Momma and Dallas see the Ed Sullivan show!"[94]

By 1958, she earned $20,000 per episode for television performances ($203,000 in 2022 dollars)[6].[95] In 1964, Mansfield turned down the role of Ginger Grant on the up-and-coming television sitcom Gilligan's Island. Although her acting roles were becoming marginalized, Mansfield rejected the part as it epitomized the stereotype she wished to rid herself of.[96] The part eventually went to Tina Louise. A widespread rumor that Mansfield had a breast-flashing dress mishap at the 1957 Academy Awards was found baseless by Academy researchers.[97] Ten days before her death, she read To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, a poem by Robert Herrick about early death on The Joey Bishop Show – her last television appearance.[98][Notes 3]

As late as the mid-1980s, Mansfield remained one of the biggest television draws.[99] In 1980, The Jayne Mansfield Story aired on CBS starring Loni Anderson in the title role and Arnold Schwarzenegger as Mickey Hargitay. It was nominated for three Emmy Awards. A+E Networks TV series Biography featured her in an episode titled Jayne Mansfield: Blonde Ambition.[100][101] The TV series won an Emmy Award in the outstanding non-fiction TV series category in 2001.[102] A&E again featured her life in another TV serial, Dangerous Curves, in 1999.[103] In 1988, her story and archival footage was a part of the TV documentary Hollywood Sex Symbols.[104]

Other ventures edit

Stage appearances edit

See also: Jayne Mansfield stage work

Between 1951 and 1953 she acted in The Slaves of Demon Rum, Ten Nights in a Barroom, Macbeth, and Anything Goes. Her performance in an October 1953 production of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman attracted Paramount Pictures to audition her.[105] Lumet trained her for the audition.[19] In 1955, she went to New York and appeared in the Broadway production of George Axelrod's comedy Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?, also featuring Orson Bean and Walter Matthau. It was her first major stage performance, garnering her critical attention which was not always positive.[106] She starred as Rita Marlowe (a wild, blonde Hollywood starlet à la Monroe) in the musical spoofing Hollywood in general and Marilyn Monroe in particular. Her wardrobe, namely a bath-towel, caused a sensation.[107][108][109] She received a Theatre World Award (Promising Personality) for her performance in 1956,[110] as well as a Golden Globe Award (New Star of the year, Actress) in 1957.[111][112] Brooks Atkinson of the New York Times described the "commendable abandon" of her scantily clad rendition of Rita Marlowe in the play as "a platinum-pated movie siren with the wavy contours of Marilyn Monroe".[113] She performed in about 450 shows between 1955 and 1956.[114] At the time, she was considered one of the biggest Broadway-to-Hollywood success stories.[27]

In 1964, she performed in stage productions of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes at Carousel Theater, and Bus Stop at Yonkers Playhouse. Both co-starred Mickey Hargitay and were well-reviewed.[115][116] Mansfield toured small U.S. towns alternating between the two plays.[117] In 1965, she performed in another pair of plays: Rabbit Habit at the Latin Quarter nightclub, and Champagne Complex, directed by Matt Cimber, at the Pabst Theater. Both plays received poor reviews.[117][118]

Nightclub edit

 
Mansfield in a promotional poster for French Dressing (1964)

In February 1958, the Tropicana Las Vegas launched Mansfield's striptease revue The Tropicana Holiday (produced by Monte Proser, co-starring Mickey Hargitay) under a four-week contract that was extended to eight.[119][120][121] The opening night raised $20,000 for March of Dimes ($203,000 in 2022 dollars).[6] She received $25,000 per week for her performance as Trixie Divoon in the show ($254,000 in 2022 dollars),[6] while her contract with 20th Century Fox was paying her $2,500 per week ($25,000 in 2022 dollars).[122][123][124] She had a million-dollar policy with Lloyd's of London in case Hargitay dropped her as he whirled her around for the show.[125][126] In 1959, Jayne returned to the Tropicana and made $30,000 per week, with her show being extended twice.[127] In December 1960, the Dunes hotel and casino launched Mansfield's revue The House of Love (produced by Jack Cole, co-starring Hargitay). She received a salary of $35,000 a week ($346,000 in 2022 dollars) – the highest in her career.[128][129]

Her wardrobe for the shows at Tropicana and Dunes featured a gold mesh dress with sequins to cover her nipples and pubic region.[114][119][130] That controversial sheer dress was referred to as "Jayne Mansfield and a few sequins".[122] In early 1963, she performed in her first club engagement outside Las Vegas, at the Plantation Supper Club in Greensboro, North Carolina, earning $23,000 in a week ($220,000 in 2022 dollars), and then at Iroquois Gardens in Louisville, Kentucky.[131] She returned to Las Vegas in 1966, but her show was staged on Fremont Street, away from the Strip where the Tropicana and Dunes were.[119] Her last nightclub act French Dressing was at the Latin Quarter in New York in 1966, also repeated at the Tropicana.[129] It was a modified version of the Tropicana show, and ran for six weeks with fair success.[132]

Her nightclub career became inspirations for films, documentaries, and a musical album. 20th Century Fox Records recorded "The House of Love" for an album entitled Jayne Mansfield Busts Up Las Vegas in 1962. She played the roles of burlesque entertainer Midnight Franklin in Too Hot to Handle (1960) and Las Vegas show girl Tawni Downs in The Las Vegas Hillbillys (1966).[76][82][133] In 1967, an independent documentary Spree (alternative title Las Vegas by Night) on the antics of Las Vegas entertainers was released. The film, narrated as a part of a travelogue of Vic Damone and Juliet Prowse, featured Mansfield, Hargitay, Constance Moore and Clara Ward as guest stars. Mansfield strips and sings "Promise Her Anything" from the film Promises! Promises!.[134][135][136] A court order prohibited using any of the guest stars to promote the film.[137][138]

Later in her career, Mansfield was busier on stage, performing and making appearances with her nightclub acts, club engagements, and performance tours. By 1960, she made personal appearances for everything from supermarket promotions to drug store openings, at $10,000 per appearance ($99,000 in 2022 dollars).[6][139]

Musical work edit

Jayne Mansfield
GenresCountry, pop
Occupation(s)Singer
Instrument(s)Violin
Years active1954–1967
Labels20th Century Fox Records, MGM Records, London Records, Polydor Records
See also: Jayne Mansfield discography

Mansfield had classical training in piano and violin. She sang in film soundtracks, on stage for her theatrical and nightclub performances, and had singles and albums released. After her death, Mansfield became an inspiration for punk-rock musicians.[140]

Soundtracks edit

Mansfield sang in English and German for a number of her films, including The Girl Can't Help It ("Ev'rytime" and "Rock Around the Rock Pile"), Illegal ("Too Marvelous for Words"), The Las Vegas Hillbillys ("That Makes It"), Too Hot to Handle ("Too Hot To Handle", "You Were Made For Me", "Monsoon" and "Midnight"), Homesick for St. Pauli ("Wo Ist Der Mann" and "Snicksnack Snuckelchen"), The Challenge ("The Challenge of Love"), The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw ("Strolling Down The Lane With Billy" and "If The San Francisco Hills Could Only Talk"), and Promises! Promises! ("I'm in Love", alternative title "Lullaby of Love").

Live performances edit

In 1958, an orchestra was recorded for the 31st Academy Awards ceremony with Jack Benny on first violin, Mansfield on violin, Dick Powell on trumpet, Robert Mitchum on woodwind, Fred Astaire on drums and Jerry Lewis as conductor; however, the performance was canceled.[141] She sang "Too Marvelous for Words" for The Jack Benny Program ("Jack Takes Boat to Hawaii"; Episode 9, Season 14; November 26, 1963). Her club performances regularly featured songs like Call Me, A Little Brains, A Little Talent ("This Queen has her aces in all the right places"), Plain Jane, Quando-Quando, Bésame Mucho, and the song made famous by Marilyn Monroe – Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend.[142][143]

Discography edit

Jayne Mansfield discography
Studio albums2
Singles6

In 1962, 20th Century Fox Records released the album Jayne Mansfield Busts Up Las Vegas, a recording of her Las Vegas revue The House of Love. In 1964 MGM Records released a novelty album called Jayne Mansfield: Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky & Me, in which Mansfield recited Shakespeare's sonnets and poems by Marlowe, Browning, Wordsworth, and others against a background of Tchaikovsky's music. The album cover depicted a bouffant-coiffed Mansfield with lips pursed and breasts barely covered by a fur stole, posing between busts of Tchaikovsky and Shakespeare.[144] The New York Times described the album as a reading of "30-odd poems in a husky, urban, baby voice". The reviewer went on to remark that "Miss Mansfield is a lady with apparent charms, but reading poetry is not one of them."[145]

In 1965, Jimi Hendrix played bass and added lead in his session musician days for Mansfield on two songs – "As The Clouds Drift By" and "Suey" – released as a 45-rpm single by London Records in 1966.[146][147] Ed Chalpin, the record producer, claimed that Mansfield played all the instruments on the singles.[148] According to Hendrix historian Steven Roby (Black Gold: The Lost Archives Of Jimi Hendrix, Billboard Books), this collaboration occurred because they shared the same manager.[149][150] "Wo ist der Mann" sung in German and released by Polydor Records in Austria was much in demand immediately after its release in August 1963. The A-side featured Hans Last's "Snicksnack-Snuckelchen".[151] The Original Sound label released two original songs from the soundtrack of The Las Vegas Hillbillys – "That Makes It" (an answer to The Big Bopper's "Chantilly Lace") on the A-side, and "Little Things Mean a Lot" on the B-side – in 1964.[152]

Personal life edit

Mansfield had a daughter with her first husband, public relations professional Paul Mansfield. She was the mother of three children from her second marriage to actor/bodybuilder Mickey Hargitay, including actress Mariska Hargitay. She also had a son with her third husband, film director Matt Cimber.

Mansfield's son Zoltan made news when a lion named Sammy attacked him and bit his neck while he and his mother were visiting the theme park Jungleland USA in Thousand Oaks, California on November 23, 1966. He suffered from severe head trauma, underwent three surgeries at Community Memorial Hospital in Ventura, California, including a six-hour brain surgery, and contracted meningitis. He recovered, and Mansfield's attorney Sam Brody sued the theme park on the family's behalf for $1.6 million ($14 million in 2022 dollars)[6].[65][153][154] The negative publicity led to closure of the theme park.[155]

In 1967, film critic and exploitation movie expert Whitney Williams wrote of Mansfield in Variety: "her personal life out-rivaled any of the roles she played".[156] Mansfield was allegedly intimately involved with many men, including Claude Terrail (owner of the Paris restaurant Tour d'Argent),[157] Robert F. Kennedy,[158] John F. Kennedy,[159] Brazilian billionaire Jorge Guinle,[160] her attorney Samuel S. Brody, Las Vegas entertainer Nelson Sardelli, and producer Enrico Bomba. She met John F. Kennedy through his brother-in-law Peter Lawford in Palm Springs, California, in 1960, but their alleged affair did not last.[161][162][163] Mansfield and Brody, her lawyer and alleged lover at the time, were both killed in a car crash.[164][165]

Religion edit

In August 1963, Mansfield decided to convert to Catholicism.[118][166] Although she never converted, she did attend Catholic services when she was in Europe,[167] and followed Catholic practices when she was involved with a Catholic partner (including Hargitay, Sardelli and Cimber).[168][169] In May 1967, her performance at the Mount Brandon Hotel in Tralee, Ireland, was canceled because Catholic clergy condemned it.[170] She wanted to marry Cimber in a Catholic ceremony, but was unable to find a priest who would perform it.[171] While involved with Brody, she also showed interest in Judaism.[118]

In San Francisco for the city's 1966 Film Festival, Mansfield and Brody visited the Church of Satan to meet Anton LaVey, the church's founder. He awarded Mansfield a medallion and the title "High Priestess of San Francisco's Church of Satan." The media enthusiastically covered the meeting and the events surrounding it, identifying her as a Satanist, and speculating that she was somehow romantically involved with LaVey.[172][173][174] That meeting remained a much-publicized and oft-quoted event both of her life and of the history of the Church of Satan.[175][176] Karla LaVey, Anton LaVey's daughter, asserted in a 1992 interview with Joan Rivers that Mansfield was a practicing LaVeyan Satanist and that she had a romantic relationship with Anton LaVey.[177]

Marriages edit

First marriage edit

Jayne met Paul Mansfield at a party on Christmas Eve in 1949; she was a popular student at Highland Park High School, and he at Sunset High School in Dallas.[178] On May 6, 1950, they married in Fort Worth, Texas. At the time of their marriage, Jayne was 17 and three months pregnant, while Paul was 20.[179][180][181] While most major biographies put the date at May 6, some sources say the marriage was on May 10, 1950.[182][183][184] According to biographer Raymond Strait, she had an earlier "secret" marriage on January 28, after which she conceived her first child.[185] On November 8, 1950, Mansfield gave birth to her daughter, Jayne Marie Mansfield.[42] Some sources cite Paul Mansfield as the father of her child,[179][180] others allege that the pregnancy was the result of date rape.[182][186][187]

Paul Mansfield hoped the birth of their child would discourage her interest in acting. When it did not, he agreed to move to Los Angeles in late 1954 to help further her career.[188] In 1952, she juggled motherhood and classes at the University of Texas. Early in 1952, Paul was called to the United States Army Reserve for the Korean War.[189] While he served in the army, she spent a year at Camp Gordon, Georgia. Her life became easier with Paul's army allotment.[190] Returning from the Korean War in 1954, he took a job with a small newspaper in East Los Angeles, California, and lived in a small apartment in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, with Jayne and her pets – a Great Dane, three cats named Sabina, Romulus, and Ophelia, two chihuahuas, a poodle dyed pink, and a rabbit.[40][191][192][193] While in California, she left Jayne Marie with her maternal grandparents[32] and spent the summer semester at UCLA.[19][20]

After a series of marital rows around Jayne's ambitions, infidelity, and animals, they decided to dissolve the marriage.[191][192] It was a long process. In February 1955, Jayne filed for separate maintenance and in August 1956 Paul filed for custody of their daughter, Jayne Marie.[194] Jayne filed for divorce in California in 1956; Paul filed for divorce in 1957 in Texas citing mental cruelty, and they received their divorce papers on January 8, 1958.[195] After the divorce, she decided to keep "Mansfield" as her professional name.[196] Paul Mansfield remarried, settled into the public relations business and moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee, but failed to win custody suits over Jayne Marie or restrain her from traveling abroad with her mother.[197][198]

Following her 18th birthday, Jayne Marie complained that she had not received her inheritance from the Mansfield estate or heard from her father since her mother's death.[199][200]

Second marriage edit

 
Mansfield with Hargitay and children in London in 1959

Mansfield met her second husband, Mickey Hargitay, at the Latin Quarter nightclub in New York City on May 13, 1956, where he was performing as a member of the chorus line in Mae West's show.[65] Hargitay was an actor and bodybuilder who had won the Mr. Universe competition in 1955.[201] Mansfield fell for him immediately, which resulted in a squabble with West.[28][202] In the ensuing row, Mr. California, Chuck Krauser, beat Hargitay up and was arrested and released on a $300 bond ($3,000 in 2022 dollars[6]).[203]

After Mansfield returned from her 40-day European tour, Hargitay proposed to her on November 6, 1957, with a $5,000 10-carat diamond ring ($52,000 in 2022 dollars).[6][204][205] On January 13, 1958 (days after her divorce from Paul was finalized), Mansfield married Hargitay at the Wayfarers Chapel in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. The unique glass chapel made public and press viewing of the wedding easy. Mansfield wore a sensational pink, skintight wedding gown made of sequins with a 30 yd (27 m) flounce of pink tulle (designed by a 20th Century-Fox costume designer),[206] and at the reception she had Hargitay drink pink champagne.[207][208][209]

Hargitay made his first film appearance with Mansfield in a bit part in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?.[210] The couple became a performing team touring in stage shows, where Mansfield's leopard-spot bikini became a topic of discussion and newspaper coverage.[75][211][212] As a highlight, Hargitay tossed her around his waist and spun her in wide circles as her shows made more headlines.[213][214] On screen, he was Mansfield's male lead in her Italian ventures – The Loves of Hercules and L'Amore Primitivo, and a major supporting character in Promises! Promises!. On stage, he was the male lead in The Tropicana Holiday, The House of Love, French Dressing, and other nightclub acts.

They made personal appearances on television shows such as the Bob Hope Specials.[75] Mansfield and Hargitay had a number of business holdings, including the Hargitay Exercise Equipment Company, Jayne Mansfield Productions, and Eastland Savings and Loan.[215] She co-wrote the autobiographical book Jayne Mansfield's Wild, Wild World with Hargitay. The book also contained 32 pages of black-and-white photographs from the film printed on glossy paper.[216]

In 1962, she had a well-publicized affair with Enrico Bomba, the Italian producer and production manager of her film Panic Button.[217][218][219] Hargitay accused Bomba of sabotaging their marriage.[220][221] In 1963, she had another well-publicized relationship with singer Nelson Sardelli, whom she said she planned to marry when her divorce from Mickey Hargitay was finalized.[222] The couple divorced in Juarez, Mexico, in May 1963, where Nelson Sardelli accompanied Mansfield in her legal preparations.[79] She had previously filed for divorce on May 4, 1962, but told reporters "I'm sure we will make it up."[223] During the acrimonious divorce proceedings, the actress attempted to force a more favorable financial settlement by accusing Hargitay of kidnapping one of her children.[224]

Mansfield discovered that she was pregnant after her divorce. Being an unwed mother would have endangered her career, so she and Hargitay announced that they were still married. Mariska Hargitay was born January 23, 1964, after the actual divorce but before California ruled it valid.[225] Mansfield sued to get the Juarez divorce declared legal after Mariska was born, and the divorce was recognized on August 26, 1964.[226] A court decree in June 1967 made Hargitay the guardian of Mickey, Zoltan, and Mariska, though they continued to live with Mansfield.[227] He married airline stewardess Ellen Siano in 1968,[228] and she accompanied him to New Orleans when he picked up his three children after Mansfield's death.[229] Shortly after her funeral, Hargitay sued his former wife's estate for more than $275,000 ($2.40 million in 2022 dollars)[6] to support the children, as he and his wife Ellen would raise them,[226] but he lost the suit.[230] Mansfield had once told Hargitay on a television talk show that she was sorry for all the trouble that she had given him.[231]

Third marriage edit

 
Mansfield with attorney and boyfriend Sam Brody, Germany, 1967

Mansfield became involved with Matt Cimber (a.k.a. Matteo Ottaviano, né Thomas Vitale Ottaviano), an Italian-born film director, when he directed her in a stage production of Bus Stop in Yonkers, New York, costarring Hargitay.[232][233] She married him on September 24, 1964, in Mulegé, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The couple separated on July 11, 1965, and filed for divorce on July 20, 1966.[234] Cimber took over managing her career during their marriage, and guided her through a series of increasingly tawdry projects like Promises, Promises and The Las Vegas Hillbillys.[26] Mansfield's marriage to Cimber began to collapse in the wake of her alcohol abuse, open infidelities, and her disclosure to Cimber that she had been happy only with her former lover, Nelson Sardelli. Work on Mansfield's film, Single Room Furnished directed by Cimber (1966), was suspended.[235] The couple had one son, Antonio Raphael Ottaviano (a.k.a. Tony Cimber, born October 18, 1965). Cimber and his second wife, dress designer Christy Hilliard Hanak, whom he married on December 2, 1967, raised Tony, Mansfield's youngest child.[32][236][237] Cimber later worked as an announcer for Married... with Children and a producer for Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.

At the time, Mansfield had degenerated into alcoholism, drunken brawls, and performing at cheap burlesque shows.[238][165][239] By July 1966, she started living with her attorney, Sam Brody, who had frequent drunken brawls with her and mistreated her eldest daughter, Jayne Marie. Sam's wife, Beverly Brody, filed for divorce, naming Mansfield the "41st other woman" in Sam's life.[32][236][237]

Two weeks before her mother's death in 1967, 16-year-old Jayne Marie accused Sam Brody of beating her.[64] The girl's statement to officers of the Los Angeles Police Department the following morning implicated her mother in encouraging the abuse, and days later a juvenile court judge awarded temporary custody of Jayne Marie to Paul's uncle William W. Pigue and his wife Mary.[179][240][241]

Public image edit

Influence edit

See also: Jayne Mansfield in popular culture

Mansfield was a major Hollywood sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s and 20th Century Fox's alternative to Marilyn Monroe. She came to be known as the "Working Man's Monroe".[242][238] She was one of Hollywood's original blonde bombshells,[243] and, although many people have never seen her movies,[244] Mansfield remains one of the most recognizable icons of 1950s celebrity culture.[244]

According to Hollywood historian and biographer James Parish, Mansfield's hourglass figure (she claimed dimensions of 40–21–35), unique sashaying walk, breathy baby talk, and cleavage-revealing costumes made an enduring impact.[32] Hollywood historian Andrew Nelson said that she was seen as Hollywood's gaudiest, boldest, D-cupped, B-grade actress from 1955 until the early 1960s.[238]

Frequent references have been made to Mansfield's very high IQ, which she claimed was 163.[245] In addition to English, she spoke four other languages. She learned French, Spanish, and German in high school, and in 1963 she studied Italian.[246] Reputed to be Hollywood's "smartest dumb blonde", she later complained that the public did not care about her brains, saying: "They're more interested in 40–21–35", a reference to her body measurements.[238][28]

Trademarks edit

Blonde edit

A natural brunette, Mansfield had her hair bleached and colored platinum blonde when she moved to Los Angeles,[247] and became one of the early "blonde bombshells", along with Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable, and Mamie Van Doren.[248][249][250][251] In 1958, she also had her eyebrows dyed platinum.[252] Following Jean Harlow (who started the trend with her film Bombshell),[253][254] Monroe, Mansfield, and Van Doren helped establish the stereotype typified by a combination of curvaceous physique, very light-colored hair, and a perceived lack of intelligence.[255] A review of English-language tabloids shows it to be one of the most persistent blonde stereotypes – along with busty blonde, and blonde babe.[256]

Mansfield and Monroe have been described as representations of a historical juncture of sexuality in comedy and popular culture.[257] Academics also added Anita Ekberg and Bettie Page to the list of catalysts of the trend of exaggerated female sexuality, along with Mansfield and Monroe.[258][259] M. Thomas Inge describes Mansfield, Monroe, and Jane Russell as personifications of the bad girl in popular culture.[260] Judy Holliday and Goldie Hawn are also identified to have established the stereotype of the "dumb blonde",[261] typified by their combination of overt sexuality, and apparent inability to understand everyday life.[262] Instead of the asexualized and virginal "nice girls" of earlier films, the pneumatic blonde bombshells took over the screen in the 1950s to become a cult that has been consistently emulated from that era on.[263][264] Social historian Joan Jacobs Brumberg described the 1950s as "an era distinguished by its worship of full-breasted women" and attributes the paradigm shift to Mansfield and Monroe.[265] Patricia Vettel-Becker made that observation more specific by attributing the phenomenon to Playboy and Mansfield and Monroe's appearances in the magazine.[266]

See also: Blonde stereotype

Anatomy edit

Newspapers in the 1950s routinely published Mansfield's body measurements, which once led evangelist Billy Graham to exclaim, "This country knows more about Jayne Mansfield's statistics than the Second Commandment."[244] Mansfield proclaimed a 41-inch bust line and a 22-inch waist when she made her Broadway debut in 1955, though some scholars dispute those figures.[267] She was known as "the Cleavage Queen" and "the Queen of Sex and Bosom".[268]

It was said that her breasts fluctuated[269][270] in size from her pregnancies and nursing her five children. Her smallest bust measurement was 40-D (102 cm), which was constant throughout the 1950s, and her largest was 46-DD (117 cm), measured by the press in 1967.[271] According to Playboy, her vital statistics were 40D-21-36 (102–53–91 cm) on her 5'6" (1.68 m) frame.[48]

It has been claimed that her bosom was a major force behind the development of 1950s brassieres, including the whirlpool bra, cuties, the shutter bra, the action bra, latex pads, cleavage-revealing designs, and uplifted outlines.[272][273] R. L. Rutsky[274] and Bill Osgerby[275] have claimed that it was Mansfield, along with Marilyn Monroe and Brigitte Bardot, who made the bikini popular. Drawing on the Freudian concept of fetishism, British science-fiction writer and socio-cultural commentator J. G. Ballard commented that Mae West's, Mansfield's, and Monroe's breasts "loomed across the horizon of popular consciousness".[276] According to Dave Kehr, as the 1960s approached, the anatomy that had made her a star turned her into a joke.[267] In this decade, the female body ideal shifted to appreciate the slim waif-like features popularized by supermodel Twiggy, actress Audrey Hepburn, and others, demarcating the demise of the busty blonde bombshells.[264][277][278]

Publicity edit

Mansfield's drive for publicity was one of the strongest in Hollywood. She gave up all privacy, and her doors were always open to photographers.[139][279] On Christmas Eve 1954, she walked into publicist James Byron's office with a gift and asked him to oversee her publicity,[139] which he did, for the most part, until the end of 1961.[128] Byron appointed most of the people on her team – William Shiffrin (press agent), Greg Bautzer (attorney) and Charles Goldring (business manager)[280] – and constantly planted publicity material in the media.[279] She appeared in about 2,500 newspaper photographs, and had about 122,000 lines of newspaper copy written about her between September 1956 and May 1957.[244]

Because of the successful media blitz, she achieved international renown. On October 10, 1959, she visited White Hart Lane, England, and watched the Tottenham Hotspur versus Wolverhampton Wanderers FC football match. By 1960, Mansfield had topped press polls for more words in print than anyone else in the world, had made more personal appearances than a political candidate,[139] and was regarded as the world's most-photographed Hollywood celebrity.[114] She made news on a regular basis, for malfunctioning dresses and clothing that burst strategically at the seams, to wearing low cut dresses without a bra.[279][281] Things worsened when she took charge of her own publicity without advice. According to her agent William Shiffrin, "She became a freak."[282] James Bacon wrote in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner in 1973: "Here was a girl with real comedy talent, spectacular figure and looks and yet ridiculed herself out of business by outlandish publicity."[283]

Mansfield received her first truly negative publicity after she and Hargitay pleaded poverty when his first wife, Mary Hargitay, whom he divorced on September 6, 1956, requested additional child support for their nine-year-old, first child, Tina, in September 1958. Mansfield said she slept on the floor of her mansion, was unable to buy furniture, and spent only $71 on her daughter Jayne Marie ($1,000 in 2022 dollars)[6].[284][285][286] During this marriage she had three children, Miklós Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay (born December 21, 1958), Zoltán Anthony Hargitay (born August 1, 1960), and Mariska Magdolna Hargitay (born January 23, 1964).

Publicity stunts edit

In January 1955, Mansfield appeared at a Silver Springs, Florida, press junket promoting the film Underwater!, starring Jane Russell. She purposely wore a too-small red bikini, lent to her by photographer friend Peter Gowland. When she dove into the pool for photographers, her top came off, creating a burst of media attention. The ensuing publicity led to Warner Bros. and Playboy approaching her with offers.[179][244][287][288] On June 8 of the same year, her dress fell down to her waist twice in a single evening – once at a movie party, and later at a nightclub.[289] In February 1958, she was topless at a Carnival party in Rio de Janeiro.[28][290][291] She shimmied out of her polka-dot dress in a Rome nightclub in June 1962.[292][293] In the three years since making her Broadway debut in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?, Mansfield had become the most controversial star of the decade.[281]

In April 1957, her breasts were the focus of a publicity stunt intended to deflect media attention from Sophia Loren during a dinner party in the Italian star's honor. Photographs of them were published around the world. The best-known photo showed Loren's gaze falling on the actress's cleavage (she was seated between Loren and her dinner companion, Clifton Webb) when Mansfield leaned over the table, allowing her breasts to spill over her low neckline, exposing one of her nipples.[294] The Jayne Mansfield-Sophia Loren photograph was a UPI sensation, appearing in newspapers and magazines with the word "censored" hiding the actress's exposed nipple.[295]

At the same time, the world's media were quick to condemn Mansfield's stunts. One editorial columnist wrote: "We are amused when Miss Mansfield strains to pull in her stomach to fill out her bikini better; but we get angry when career-seeking women, shady ladies, and certain starlets and actresses ... use every opportunity to display their anatomy unasked."[44] By the late 1950s, Mansfield began to generate a great deal of negative publicity because of repeated exposure of her breasts in carefully staged public "wardrobe accidents".[296][297] Richard Blackwell, her wardrobe designer (who also designed for Jane Russell, Dorothy Lamour, Peggy Lee and Nancy Reagan), dropped her from his client list because of this.[298] In April 1967, the Los Angeles Times wrote: "She confuses publicity and notoriety with stardom and celebrity and the result is very distasteful to the public."[299]

See also: Wardrobe malfunction

Signature color edit

 
Front of the Pink Palace in 1997

Mansfield adopted pink as her color in 1954, and was associated with it for the rest of her career.[42][300] Her original choice was purple, but she thought it too close to lavender, Kim Novak's signature color.[42] "It must have been the right decision," she said, "because I got more column space from pink than Kim Novak ever did from lavender."[300] In November 1957, shortly before their marriage, using money from an inheritance, Mansfield bought the 40-room Mediterranean-style mansion (formerly owned by Rudy Vallée) at 10100 Sunset Boulevard in the Holmby Hills section of Los Angeles.[75][301] Mansfield had the house painted pink, with cupids surrounded by pink fluorescent lights, pink fur in the bathrooms, a pink heart-shaped bathtub, and a fountain spurting pink champagne; she then dubbed it the "Pink Palace". Hargitay (a plumber and carpenter before taking up bodybuilding) built the pink heart-shaped swimming pool. The year after reconstructing the "Pink Palace" as a "pink landmark", she began riding in a pink Cadillac Eldorado Biarritz convertible with tailfins, then the only pink Cadillac in Hollywood.[302][303][304]

Rivalry edit

Throughout her career, Mansfield was compared by the media to the reigning sex symbol of the period, Marilyn Monroe.[30] 20th Century Fox groomed her, as well as Sheree North, to substitute for Monroe, their resident "blonde bombshell", while Universal Pictures launched Van Doren as their substitute.[305] The studio launched Mansfield with a grand 40-day tour of England and Europe from September 25 to November 6, 1957.[306] She adopted Monroe's vocal mannerisms instead of her original husky voice and Texas accent,[267] performed in two plays that were based on Marilyn Monroe vehicles – Bus Stop and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes[307] – and her role in The Wayward Bus was strongly influenced by Monroe's character in Bus Stop.[117]

Other studios also tried to find their own versions of Monroe. Columbia Pictures tried it with Cleo Moore, Warner Bros. with Carroll Baker, Paramount Pictures with Anita Ekberg, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer with Barbara Lang,[308] while Diana Dors was dubbed England's answer to Mansfield.[309] Jacqueline Susann wrote, "When one studio has a Marilyn Monroe, every other studio is hiring Jayne Mansfield and Mamie Van Doren."[310] The crowd of contenders also included Sheree North, Kim Novak, Joi Lansing, Beverly Michaels, Barbara Nichols and Greta Thyssen, and even two brunettes – Elizabeth Taylor and Jane Russell.[311][312][313] Mamie Van Doren, Diana Dors and Kim Novak also acted in productions of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.[314] Even when Mansfield's film roles were drying up, she was still considered Monroe's primary rival. Mansfield considered Mamie Van Doren her professional nemesis.[315] At one point, Monroe, Mansfield, and Mamie were known as The Three M's.[316][317]

Death edit

 
Gravestone at Fairview Cemetery (Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania)
 
Mansfield's cenotaph (with incorrect birth year) at Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood

In 1967, Mansfield was in Biloxi, Mississippi, for an engagement at the Gus Stevens Supper Club. After two appearances on the evening of June 28, Mansfield, her attorney Sam Brody, their driver Ronnie Harrison (age 20), and three of her children – Miklós, Zoltán, and Mariska – left Biloxi after midnight in a 1966 Buick Electra 225. Their destination was New Orleans, where Mansfield was to appear on WDSU's Midday Show the next day. At about 2:25 a.m. on June 29, on U.S. Highway 90, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the Rigolets Bridge, the Buick crashed at high speed into the rear of a 'Johnson' tractor-trailer, driven by a Mr. Rambo, that had slowed down for an approaching insecticide fog-spraying truck which was flashing a red light. The three adults in the front seat died instantly. The children, asleep in the rear seat, survived with minor injuries.[318]

Reports that Mansfield was decapitated are untrue, although she suffered severe head trauma.[319] This urban legend started with the appearance in police photographs of the crashed car with its top virtually sheared off, and what resembled a blonde-haired head tangled in the car's smashed windshield. However, Mansfield's death certificate, which states her immediate cause of death to be "crushed skull with avulsion of cranium and brain," rules this out.[320] The identity of the head-like shape has not been definitively determined, but it is debated to have been either a wig that Mansfield was wearing or carrying, the top portion of her real hair and scalp, or "something else entirely."[321] After her death, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recommended requiring an underride guard (a strong bar made of steel tubing) on all tractor-trailers; the trucking industry was slow to adopt this change. In America, the underride guard is sometimes known as a "Mansfield bar", or an "ICC bumper".[322][323][324]

Mansfield's funeral took place on July 3 in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania. The service was conducted by Charles Montgomery, a pastor of the Zion Methodist Church.[325] A private funeral service was held at the chapel of the Pullis Funeral Home.[326] A Methodist minister conducted her funeral ceremony.[118] Mickey Hargitay was the only ex-husband present at the funeral.[327] Mansfield was interred in Fairview Cemetery, southeast of Pen Argyl, beside her father Herbert Palmer.[328]

In 1968, two wrongful-death lawsuits were filed on behalf of Jayne Marie Mansfield and Matt Cimber,[329] one for $4.8 million ($50 million in 2022 dollars)[6] and the other for $2.7 million ($28.1 million in 2022 dollars).[6] The death car was saved by a private collector in Florida, where it became a roadside attraction in the 1970s. As of 2019, the car is owned by Scott Michaels and is housed and shown at his Dearly Departed Tours & Artifact Museum in Los Angeles across from Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[330][331]

Achievements and legacy edit

Awards and nominations edit

 
Mansfield's star on Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6328 Hollywood Boulevard.[332] Her daughter Mariska Hargitay's star was placed next to hers more than 50 years later in 2013.[333][334]
  • Jayne Mansfield received a Theatre World Award (Promising Personality) for Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? in 1956.[110]
  • She received a Golden Globe Award (New Star of the year, Actress) for The Girl Can't Help It in 1957.[111][335]
  • She received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960, for her contribution to motion pictures.[333]
  • On Mother's Day of 1960, the Mildred Strauss Child Care Chapter of Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City declared her family as the "Family of the Year".[336]
  • Italian film, radio and television journalists awarded her the Silver Mask award in 1962.[337]
  • Mansfield received the Oscar of the Two World award in Italy.[338][339]
  • In 1963, Mansfield was voted one of the top-10 box-office attractions by an organization of American theater owners for her performance in Promises! Promises! (a film banned in parts of the U.S.).[74][79]
  • In 1968, the Hollywood Publicists Guild declared a "Jayne Mansfield Award" would be given to the actress who received the most exposure and publicity in a year.[252] Raquel Welch was the first winner of the award in 1969.[340]
  • The airport on the remote Norwegian island Jan Mayen is named as a tribute and a pun 'Jan Mayensfield',

Legacy edit

Mansfield left behind five children and a crumbling estate,[341][342][343] including the Pink Palace. The 1991 US top 40 single "Kiss Them for Me" by the group Siouxsie and the Banshees and the L.A. Guns song "The Ballad of Jayne", are about Mansfield and her untimely death.

Mansfield is known for helping shape the "dumb blonde" stereotype.[344][345] Contrary to her public persona, Mansfield was quite intelligent, and at one point could speak up to five different languages.[346]

Her daughter Mariska Hargitay became an actress and star of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. She has won several awards for her work on the show, including a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in 2005, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2006, and a People's Choice Award for the Drama TV Star of the Year in 2018.[347]

Estate edit

After Mansfield's death, Hargitay, Cimber, Vera Peers (Mansfield's mother), William Pigue (Jayne Marie's legal guardian), and Charles Goldring (Mansfield's business manager), as well as Bernard B. Cohen and Jerome Webber (both administrators of the estate) filed unsuccessful suits to gain control of her estate.[348][349][350] Mansfield's estate was appraised initially at $600,000 ($4.3 million in 2022 dollars),[6] including the Pink Palace, estimated at $100,000 ($720,000 in 2022 dollars), a sports car sold for $7,000 ($51,000 in 2022 dollars), her jewelry, and Sam Brody's $185,000 estate left to her in his last will ($1,340,000 in 2022 dollars).[351][352] In 1971, Beverly Brody sued the Mansfield estate for $325,000 ($2,350,000 in 2022 dollars) worth of presents and jewelry given to Mansfield by Sam Brody; the suit was settled out of court.[353][354][355] However, her four eldest children (Jayne Marie, Mickey, Zoltan, and Mariska) went to court in 1977 to find that approximately $500,000 in debt that Mansfield had incurred ($3.6 million in 2022 dollars), including $11,000 for lingerie ($79,000 in 2022 dollars), $11,600 for plumbing of the heart-shaped swimming pool ($84,000 in 2022 dollars), and litigation had left the estate insolvent.[356]

The Pink Palace was sold. Its subsequent owners included Ringo Starr and Engelbert Humperdinck.[357] Cass Elliot is often falsely claimed to have owned the home. In 2002, Humperdinck sold it to developers, and the house was demolished in November of that year.[358] What remained of her estate was subsequently managed by CMG Worldwide, an intellectual property-management company.[359]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Vera Jeffrey's father, Thomas H. Palmer, was from the largely Cornish area of Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania,[9] where he was involved with the slate industry.[7]
  2. ^ Original text from Hamlet (Act I, Scene II):
    "O, that this too too solid flesh would melt,
    Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew."
  3. ^ Original text of To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time by Robert Herrick:
    "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,
    Old Time is still a-flying;
    And this same flower that smiles today,
    Tomorrow will be dying."

Citations edit

  1. ^ "Jayne Mansfield - the Private Life and Times of Jayne Mansfield. Jayne Mansfield Pictures".
  2. ^ Mike Scott (June 28, 2017). "Remembering the tragic death of Jayne Mansfield, 50 years later". NOLA.com. Capital City Press / The Advocate. Retrieved February 18, 2021. west of the Rigolets near Slidell
  3. ^ Koltnow, Bo (June 30, 2017). "50th anniversary of Jayne Mansfield's death". WFMZ.com. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  4. ^ Golden, Eve (June 29, 2021). Jayne Mansfield: The Girl Couldn't Help It. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-8098-4.
  5. ^ Strait 1992, p. 10
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Jayne Mansfield, Mickey Pause in Dallas for Party". Star-News. January 15, 1958. p. 4.
  8. ^ "Jayne Mansfield to get $90,000". The Beaver County Times. January 23, 1957. p. 15.
  9. ^ Kent, Alan M (2004). Travels in Cornish America: Cousin Jack's Mouth-organ.
  10. ^ "Jayne Mansfield is Killed in Early Morning Smash Up on Narrow Louisiana Road". St. Petersburg Times. June 30, 1967. Born Vera Jayne Palmer in Bryn Mawr, Pa., April 19, 1933, Miss Mansfield grew up in Philipsburg, PA.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ "Vera Peers Buried in Pen Argyl Near Daughter Jayne Mansfield". Los Angeles Times. November 19, 2000. from the original on March 5, 2016.
  12. ^ Highland Park High School: The Highlander. 1949.
  13. ^ "Names in Yearbook" (PDF). Dallas Public Library.
  14. ^ Saxton 1975, pp. 6–7
  15. ^ Strait 1992, p. 19
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  350. ^ "Mansfield's Death Brings Suit". The Morning Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida. June 23, 1968. p. 6.
  351. ^ "Actresses' Estate Settled". The Tuscaloosa News. February 3, 1971. p. 22.
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  354. ^ Saxton 1975, p. 218
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  357. ^ Wallace, David (2003). Hollywoodland. Thorndike. p. 284. ISBN 9780786252039.
  358. ^ Byles, Jeff (2005). Rubble: Unearthing the History of Demolition. Harmony. p. 7. ISBN 0-9534787-0-X.
  359. ^ . CMG Worldwide. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013.

Biographies edit

Internet edit

  • "Official Biography". CMG Worldwide. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  • . Biography.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  • . St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  • "Biography". Salon.com. August 6, 2001. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  • Hal Erickson. "Biography". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  • "Timeline". Philadelphia Weekly. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  • "Timeline". Twoop.com. Retrieved July 2, 2012.

Books edit

  • Michael Feeney Callan (1986) Pink Goddess: The Jayne Mansfield Story. W H Allen. ISBN 978-0863791642
  • Mann, May (1974). Jayne Mansfield: A Biography. Abelard-Schuman. ISBN 978-0-200-72138-7.
  • Strait, Raymond (1974). Tragic Secret Life of Jayne Mansfield. Robert Hale. ISBN 0709155433.
  • Saxton, Martha (1975). Jayne Mansfield and the American Fifties. New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-20289-0.
  • Jackson, Jean-Pierre (1984). Jayne Mansfield (in French). Edilig. ISBN 2856010814.
  • Luijters, Guus (June 1988). Sexbomb: The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel. ISBN 978-0-8065-1049-1.
  • Strait, Raymond (1992). Here They Are Jayne Mansfield. New York: S.P.I. Books. ISBN 978-1-56171-146-8.
  • Betrock, Alan (1993). Jayne Mansfield Vs. Mamie Van Doren: Battle of the Blondes (A Pictorial History). Shake Books. ISBN 0962683345.
  • Faris, Jocelyn (November 1994). Jayne Mansfield: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-28544-8.
  • Ferruccio, Frank (2007). Diamonds to Dust: The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield. Outskirts Press. ISBN 978-1432712419.
  • Jordan, Jessica Hope (2009). The Sex Goddess In American Film 1930–1965: Jean Harlow, Mae West, Lana Turner and Jayne Mansfield. Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1-60497-663-2.
  • Ferruccio, Frank (2010). Did Success Spoil Jayne Mansfield? Her Life in Pictures & Text. Outskirts Press. ISBN 978-1432761233.
  • VeVea, April (2018). Puffblicity: An Appreciation of Jayne Mansfield - The 50s Pictures. CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1978294356.[self-published source?]

External links edit

  • Jayne Mansfield on Flickr
  • Jayne Mansfield arrives in Houston in 1963 KPRC2 video from Texas Archive of the Moving Image
  • Jayne Mansfield's channel on YouTube
  • Jayne Mansfield at IMDb  
  • Jayne Mansfield at the Internet Broadway Database  
  • Jayne Mansfield at the TCM Movie Database  
  • Jayne Mansfield at AllMovie  
  • "Jayne Mansfield (Vera Jayne Peers) Marriage Certificate". Archives.com. Houston: Texas State Department of Health Services. 1950. Retrieved March 9, 2012.(subscription required)
  • . Findadeath.com. 1967. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.

January 16, 2024
jayne, mansfield, born, vera, jayne, palmer, april, 1933, june, 1967, american, actress, singer, nightclub, entertainer, playboy, playmate, symbol, 1950s, early, 1960s, mansfield, known, numerous, publicity, stunts, open, personal, life, although, film, career. Jayne Mansfield born Vera Jayne Palmer April 19 1933 June 29 1967 was an American actress singer nightclub entertainer and Playboy Playmate A sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s Mansfield was known for her numerous publicity stunts and open personal life Although her film career was short lived she had several box office successes and won a Theatre World Award and Golden Globe Award and soon gained the nickname of Hollywood s smartest dumb blonde Jayne MansfieldMansfield in Kiss Them for Me 1957 BornVera Jayne Palmer 1933 04 19 April 19 1933Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania U S DiedJune 29 1967 1967 06 29 aged 34 New Orleans Louisiana U S Cause of deathBrain trauma sustained in automobile crashResting placeFairview Cemetery Pen Argyl Pennsylvania 40 51 42 N 75 14 25 W 40 861672 N 75 240244 W 40 861672 75 240244EducationSouthern Methodist UniversityUniversity of Texas at AustinOccupationsActress singer Playboy Playmate nightclub entertainer modelYears active1954 1967SpousesPaul Mansfield m 1950 div 1958 wbr Mickey Hargitay m 1958 div 1964 wbr Matt Cimber m 1964 div 1966 wbr ChildrenJayne Marie MansfieldMiklos Hargitay Jr 1958 Zoltan Anthony 1960 Mariska HargitayAntonio Raphael Ottaviano 1965 1 AwardsTheatre World Award for Promising Personality 1956 Golden Globe for New Star Of The Year Actress 1957 Websitejaynemansfield wbr comSignatureMansfield gained notoriety after playing the role of fictional actress Rita Marlowe in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter 1955 1956 on Broadway which she reprised in the film adaptation of the same name in 1957 Her other film roles include the musical comedy The Girl Can t Help It 1956 the drama The Wayward Bus 1957 the neo noir Too Hot to Handle 1960 and the sex comedy Promises Promises 1963 the latter established Mansfield as the first major American actress to perform in a nude scene in a post silent era film Mansfield took her professional name from her first husband public relations professional Paul Mansfield She married three times each marriage ending in divorce and had five children She was allegedly intimately involved with numerous men including Robert and John F Kennedy her attorney Samuel S Brody and Las Vegas entertainer Nelson Sardelli On June 29 1967 she died in an automobile crash in New Orleans at the age of 34 2 Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 Playboy 2 2 Film 2 3 Television 3 Other ventures 3 1 Stage appearances 3 2 Nightclub 3 3 Musical work 3 3 1 Soundtracks 3 3 2 Live performances 3 3 3 Discography 4 Personal life 4 1 Religion 4 2 Marriages 4 2 1 First marriage 4 2 2 Second marriage 4 2 3 Third marriage 5 Public image 5 1 Influence 5 2 Trademarks 5 2 1 Blonde 5 2 2 Anatomy 5 3 Publicity 5 3 1 Publicity stunts 5 4 Signature color 5 5 Rivalry 6 Death 7 Achievements and legacy 7 1 Awards and nominations 7 2 Legacy 7 2 1 Estate 8 See also 9 Notes 10 Citations 11 Biographies 11 1 Internet 11 2 Books 12 External linksEarly life editJayne Mansfield was born Vera Jayne Palmer on April 19 1933 at Bryn Mawr Hospital in Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania 3 4 the only child of Herbert William Palmer of English and German ancestry and Vera Jeffrey nee Palmer Palmer of English and Cornish descent 5 She inherited more than 90 000 from her maternal grandfather Thomas 910 000 in 2022 dollars 6 and more than 36 000 from her maternal grandmother Beatrice Mary Palmer in 1958 370 000 in 2022 dollars 7 8 Notes 1 Jayne Mansfield spent her early childhood in Philipsburg New Jersey 10 where her father was an attorney practicing with future New Jersey governor Robert B Meyner In 1936 her father died of a heart attack In 1939 Jayne Mansfield s mother married sales engineer Harry Lawrence Peers and the family moved to Dallas Texas 11 where she was known as Vera Jayne Peers 12 13 As a child she wanted to be a Hollywood star like Shirley Temple 14 15 16 At age 12 Palmer took ballroom dance lessons 17 She graduated from Highland Park High School in 1950 18 19 20 21 While in high school Palmer took violin piano and viola lessons She also studied Spanish and German 22 23 Palmer received grades in the high Bs in all subjects consistently 24 At age 17 she married Paul Mansfield on May 6 1950 25 Their daughter Jayne Marie Mansfield was born six months later on November 8 1950 Jayne and her husband enrolled in Southern Methodist University to study acting 26 27 28 In 1951 Jayne moved to Los Angeles and attended a summer semester at UCLA She entered the Miss California contest but Paul found out and forced her to withdraw from the competition 29 She then moved to Austin Texas with her husband and studied dramatics at the University of Texas at Austin 19 20 21 27 There Mansfield worked as a nude art model sold books door to door and worked as a receptionist at a dance studio 30 31 32 She also joined the Curtain Club 31 a campus theatrical society that included lyricist Tom Jones composer Harvey Schmidt and actors Rip Torn and Pat Hingle among its members 31 33 34 Mansfield then spent a year at Camp Gordon Georgia while her husband Paul served in the United States Army Reserve during the Korean War 35 In 1953 she moved back to Dallas and studied acting for several months under Baruch Lumet the father of director Sidney Lumet and founder of the Dallas Institute of Performing Arts 36 37 38 Lumet gave Mansfield private lessons and called Mansfield and Rip Torn his kids 19 39 32 Eventually Lumet helped Jayne get her first screen test at Paramount in April 1954 Paul Jayne and Jayne Marie moved to Los Angeles in 1954 Jayne worked at a variety of odd jobs including selling popcorn at the Stanley Warner Theatre teaching dance 40 selling candy at a movie theater 26 modeling part time at the Blue Book Model Agency 41 and working as a photographer at Esther Williams Trails Restaurant 42 27 36 Career editPlayboy edit Jayne MansfieldPlayboy centerfold appearanceFebruary 1955Preceded byBettie PageSucceeded byMarilyn WaltzPersonal detailsHeight5 ft 6 in 1 68 m 5 ft 8 in according to her autopsy While attending the University of Texas at Austin Mansfield won several beauty contests including Miss Photoflash Miss Magnesium Lamp and Miss Fire Prevention Week By her own account the only title she refused was Miss Roquefort Cheese because she believed it just didn t sound right 43 Mansfield later rejected Miss Prime Rib in 1957 as well In 1952 while in Dallas she and Paul Mansfield participated in small local theater productions of The Slaves of Demon Rum and Ten Nights in a Barroom and Anything Goes in Camp Gordon Georgia After he left for military service she made her first significant stage appearance in a production of Arthur Miller s Death of a Salesman on October 22 1953 with the players of the Knox Street Theater headed by Lumet 42 While at UCLA she entered the Miss California contest hiding her marital status and won the local round before withdrawing 32 Early in her career some advertisers considered her prominent breasts undesirable which led to her losing her first professional assignment a commercial for General Electric that depicted young women in bathing suits relaxing around a pool 44 Emmeline Snively head of the Blue Book Model Agency had sent her to photographer Gene Lester which led to her short lived assignment in the General Electric commercial 36 In 1954 she auditioned at both Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros At Paramount Jayne performed a sketch she had worked out with Lumet from Joan of Arc for casting director Milton Lewis Lewis informed her that she was wasting her obvious talents and had her come back a week later to perform the piano scene from The Seven Year Itch Jayne failed to impress but learned she would have to go blonde She then performed the piano scene for Warner Brothers but again failed to impress 45 She landed her first acting assignment in Lux Video Theatre a series on CBS in the episode An Angel Went AWOL aired on October 21 1954 42 In it she sat at a piano and delivered a few lines of dialogue for 300 3 000 in 2022 dollars 6 46 In December 1953 Hugh Hefner began publishing Playboy The magazine became a success in part because of early appearances from Mansfield Marilyn Monroe Bettie Page and Anita Ekberg 47 In February 1955 Mansfield was the Playboy Playmate of the Month 48 and appeared in the magazine several times 49 Her February appearance increased the magazine s circulation and helped boost Mansfield s career 50 51 52 Shortly afterward she posed for the Playboy calendar covering her breasts with her hands Playboy featured Mansfield each February from 1955 to 1958 and again in 1960 52 In August 1956 Paul Mansfield sought custody of his daughter alleging that Jayne was an unfit mother because she appeared nude in Playboy 53 In 1964 the magazine repeated the 1955 pictorial 52 Playboy reprinted photos from that pictorial issue with titles such as December 1965 s The Playboy Portfolio of Sex Stars and January 2000s Centerfolds of the Century 54 Film edit See also Jayne Mansfield filmographyMansfield s first film part was a supporting role in Female Jungle a low budget drama completed in ten days Her part was filmed over a few days and she was paid 150 2 000 in 2022 dollars 6 55 It was released unofficially in early 1955 In February 1955 James Byron her manager and publicist negotiated a seven year contract with Warner Brothers who were intrigued by her publicity antics 56 The contract initially paid her 250 a week 3 000 in 2022 dollars and landed her two films one with an insignificant role and another unreleased for two years She filed for separation from Paul Mansfield that January 54 56 Mansfield was given bit parts in Pete Kelly s Blues 1955 starring Jack Webb and Hell on Frisco Bay 1955 starring Alan Ladd She acted in one more movie for Warner Brothers another small but significant role opposite Edward G Robinson in the courtroom drama Illegal 1955 56 Mansfield s agent William Shiffrin signed her to play fictional film star Rita Marlowe in the Broadway play Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter with Orson Bean and Walter Matthau She accepted the part while working in producer Louis W Kellman s The Burglar 1957 director Paul Wendkos s film adaptation of David Goodis novel 57 made in film noir style Mansfield appeared alongside Dan Duryea and Martha Vickers It was released two years later when Mansfield s fame was at its peak She was successful in this straight dramatic role though most of her subsequent film appearances were comedic or capitalized on her sex appeal 58 It was Kellman s first major venture and he claimed to have discovered Mansfield 59 She was announced for Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter in mid July 1955 and was dropped by Warner Brothers on July 31 Twentieth Century Fox signed Mansfield to a six year contract on May 3 1956 in its New York office to mold her as a successor to the increasingly difficult Marilyn Monroe 60 their resident blonde sex symbol who had just completed the very difficult Bus Stop Mansfield was still under contract to Broadway and continued playing Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter on stage until September 15 1956 She undertook her first starring film role as Jerri Jordan in Frank Tashlin s The Girl Can t Help It 1956 citation needed Originally titled Do Re Mi it featured a high profile cast of contemporary rock and roll and R amp B artists including Gene Vincent Eddie Cochran Fats Domino The Platters and Little Richard 61 Released in December 1956 The Girl Can t Help It became one of the year s biggest successes both critically and financially earning more than Gentlemen Prefer Blondes had three years before 62 nbsp Mansfield departs by helicopter to Rotterdam NetherlandsSoon afterward Fox started promoting Mansfield as Marilyn Monroe king sized attempting to coerce Monroe to return to the studio and complete her contract 63 Mansfield next played a dramatic role in The Wayward Bus 1957 an adaptation of John Steinbeck s novel of the same name With this film she attempted to move away from her blonde bombshell image and establish herself as a serious actress The film enjoyed moderate box office success and Mansfield won a Golden Globe in 1957 for New Star of the Year beating Carroll Baker and Natalie Wood with her performance as a wistful derelict It was generally conceded to have been her best acting according to The New York Times in a fitful career hampered by her flamboyant image distinctive voice a soft voiced coo punctuated with squeals voluptuous figure and limited acting range 64 Tashlin cast Mansfield in the film version of the Broadway show Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter released in 1957 26 reprising her role of Rita Marlowe alongside costars Tony Randall and Joan Blondell Fox launched its new blonde bombshell with a North American tour and a 40 day 16 country tour of Europe She attended the premiere of the film released as Oh For a Man in the UK in London and met Queen Elizabeth II 65 66 67 nbsp Mansfield in The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw 1958 Mansfield s fourth starring role in a Hollywood film was in Kiss Them for Me also 1957 for which she received prominent billing alongside Cary Grant However in the film itself she is little more than comic relief Grant s character relates to a redhead played by fashion model Suzy Parker The film described as vapid and ill advised was a critical and box office flop 68 and marked one of the last attempts by 20th Century Fox to publicize Mansfield 69 The continuing publicity surrounding Mansfield s physical appearance failed to sustain her career 70 Fox gave her a leading role opposite Kenneth More in The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw 1958 a western comedy filmed on location in Spain In the film Mansfield s three songs were dubbed by singer Connie Francis Fox released the film in the United States in 1959 and it was Mansfield s last mainstream film success Columbia Pictures offered her a part opposite James Stewart and Jack Lemmon in the romantic comedy Bell Book and Candle 1958 but she turned it down because she was pregnant 71 72 Fox then attempted to cast Mansfield opposite Paul Newman in Rally Round the Flag Boys 1958 his ill fated first attempt at comedy 73 nbsp Mansfield in Too Hot to Handle 1960 With a decreased demand for big breasted blonde bombshells and an increasing negative backlash against her excessive publicity Mansfield became a box office has been by the early 1960s 42 yet she remained a celebrity still able to attract large crowds outside the United States by way of lucrative and successful nightclub acts Mansfield gained no major star role in film roles after 1959 She was unable to fulfill a third of her contract with Fox due to her reported repeated pregnancies Fox stopped viewing her as a major Hollywood star and started loaning her and her likeness out to foreign productions in England and Italy respectively until the end of her contract in 1962 Many of her English Italian films are regarded as obscure and some considered lost 74 75 In 1959 Fox cast her in two independent gangster films shot in the United Kingdom The Challenge and Too Hot to Handle both released the following year Both films were low budget and their American releases were delayed 76 Too Hot to Handle was not released in the United States until 1961 as Playgirl After Dark The Challenge was released in 1963 as It Takes a Thief In the United States censors objected to a scene in Too Hot to Handle in which Mansfield wearing silver netting with sequins painted over her nipples appears nearly nude 77 nbsp Nude in Promises Promises 1963 When Mansfield returned to Hollywood in mid 1960 20th Century Fox cast her in It Happened in Athens 1962 with Trax Colton a handsome newcomer Fox was trying to mold into a heartthrob She received first billing above the title but appeared in only a supporting role The Olympic Games based film was shot in Greece in the fall of 1960 but was not released until June 1962 It was a box office failure and 20th Century Fox dropped Mansfield s contract In 1961 Mansfield signed on for a minor role but above the title billing in The George Raft Story released the following year Starring Ray Danton as Raft the film showcased Mansfield in a small part as a glamorous film star Soon after the film s release she returned to European films appearing in low budget foreign films such as Heimweh nach St Pauli 1963 Germany L Amore Primitivo 1964 Italy Panic Button 1964 Italy and Einer frisst den anderen 1964 Germany citation needed Tommy Noonan persuaded Mansfield to become the first mainstream American actress to appear nude in a starring role in the film Promises Promises 1963 Playboy published nude photographs of Mansfield on the set in its June 1963 issue resulting in obscenity charges against Hugh Hefner in a Chicago court 78 Promises Promises was banned in Cleveland Ohio but enjoyed box office success elsewhere As a result of the film s success Mansfield landed on the Top 10 list of box office attractions for that year 79 Soon after her success in Promises Promises Mansfield was chosen from many other actresses to replace the recently deceased Marilyn Monroe in Kiss Me Stupid 1964 a romantic comedy also starring Dean Martin She turned down the role because of her pregnancy with daughter Mariska Hargitay and was replaced by Kim Novak That same year Mansfield appeared in a pinup book called Jayne Mansfield for President the White House or Bust which was promoted on billboards David Attie a commercial and fine art photographer took the photographs 80 In 1966 Mansfield was cast in Single Room Furnished directed by husband Matt Cimber The film required Mansfield to portray three different characters and was her first starring dramatic role in several years It was released briefly in 1966 but did not enjoy a full release until 1968 almost a year after her death After Single Room Furnished wrapped Mansfield was cast opposite Mamie Van Doren and Ferlin Husky in The Las Vegas Hillbillys 1966 a low budget comedy from Woolner Brothers It was her first country and western film and she promoted it through a 29 day tour of major U S cities accompanied by Husky Don Bowman and other country musicians Before filming began Mansfield said she would not share any screen time with the drive in s answer to Marilyn Monroe meaning Van Doren Though their characters did share one scene Mansfield and Van Doren filmed their parts at different times to be edited together later 81 Mansfield s wardrobe relied on the shapeless styles of the 1960s to hide her weight gain after the birth of her fifth child 82 Despite career setbacks she remained a highly visible celebrity during the early 1960s through her publicity antics and stage performances In early 1967 Mansfield filmed her last role a cameo in A Guide for the Married Man a comedy starring Walter Matthau Robert Morse and Inger Stevens The opening credits listed Mansfield as one of the technical advisers along with other star names 83 Television edit See also Jayne Mansfield television work nbsp Mansfield and Barry Coe in Follow the Sun 1961 Mansfield played her first leading role on television in 1956 on NBC s The Bachelor 84 In her first appearance on British television in 1957 she recited from Shakespeare including a line from Hamlet Notes 2 and played piano and violin 85 86 Her notable performances in television dramas included episodes of Burke s Law Alfred Hitchcock Presents The Red Skelton Hour three episodes Kraft Mystery Theater and Follow the Sun Mansfield s performance in her first series Follow the Sun The Dumbest Blonde Season 1 Episode 21 February 4 1962 produced by 20th Century Fox Television was hailed as the advent of a new and dramatic Jayne Mansfield 87 She appeared on a number of game shows including Talk it up Down You Go as a regular panelist The Match Game one rare episode has her as a team captain and What s My Line as a special mystery guest She performed in a number of variety shows including The Jack Benny Program on which she played violin The Steve Allen Show and The Jackie Gleason Show during the mid 1960s when the show was the second highest rated program in the U S 88 In November 1957 in a special episode of NBC s The Perry Como Show Holiday in Las Vegas one of her nightclub acts was featured something quite scandalous for the audience according to the broadcaster 89 She was a member of the headlining guests for three of The Bob Hope Specials In 1957 she toured United States Pacific Command areas in Hawaii Okinawa Guam Tokyo and Korea with Bob Hope for the United Service Organizations for 13 days appearing as a comedian 90 and in 1961 toured Newfoundland 91 Labrador and Baffin Island in Canada for a Christmas special 92 Her talk show career includes a large number of appearances which she appreciated for the publicity 86 One of her more notable appearances on a variety show was on The Ed Sullivan Show Season 10 Episode 35 May 26 1957 right after her success with Rock Hunter where she played violin with a six person backup band 93 After the show she exclaimed Now I am really national Momma and Dallas see the Ed Sullivan show 94 By 1958 she earned 20 000 per episode for television performances 203 000 in 2022 dollars 6 95 In 1964 Mansfield turned down the role of Ginger Grant on the up and coming television sitcom Gilligan s Island Although her acting roles were becoming marginalized Mansfield rejected the part as it epitomized the stereotype she wished to rid herself of 96 The part eventually went to Tina Louise A widespread rumor that Mansfield had a breast flashing dress mishap at the 1957 Academy Awards was found baseless by Academy researchers 97 Ten days before her death she read To the Virgins to Make Much of Time a poem by Robert Herrick about early death on The Joey Bishop Show her last television appearance 98 Notes 3 As late as the mid 1980s Mansfield remained one of the biggest television draws 99 In 1980 The Jayne Mansfield Story aired on CBS starring Loni Anderson in the title role and Arnold Schwarzenegger as Mickey Hargitay It was nominated for three Emmy Awards A E Networks TV series Biography featured her in an episode titled Jayne Mansfield Blonde Ambition 100 101 The TV series won an Emmy Award in the outstanding non fiction TV series category in 2001 102 A amp E again featured her life in another TV serial Dangerous Curves in 1999 103 In 1988 her story and archival footage was a part of the TV documentary Hollywood Sex Symbols 104 Other ventures editStage appearances edit See also Jayne Mansfield stage work Between 1951 and 1953 she acted in The Slaves of Demon Rum Ten Nights in a Barroom Macbeth and Anything Goes Her performance in an October 1953 production of Arthur Miller s Death of a Salesman attracted Paramount Pictures to audition her 105 Lumet trained her for the audition 19 In 1955 she went to New York and appeared in the Broadway production of George Axelrod s comedy Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter also featuring Orson Bean and Walter Matthau It was her first major stage performance garnering her critical attention which was not always positive 106 She starred as Rita Marlowe a wild blonde Hollywood starlet a la Monroe in the musical spoofing Hollywood in general and Marilyn Monroe in particular Her wardrobe namely a bath towel caused a sensation 107 108 109 She received a Theatre World Award Promising Personality for her performance in 1956 110 as well as a Golden Globe Award New Star of the year Actress in 1957 111 112 Brooks Atkinson of the New York Times described the commendable abandon of her scantily clad rendition of Rita Marlowe in the play as a platinum pated movie siren with the wavy contours of Marilyn Monroe 113 She performed in about 450 shows between 1955 and 1956 114 At the time she was considered one of the biggest Broadway to Hollywood success stories 27 In 1964 she performed in stage productions of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes at Carousel Theater and Bus Stop at Yonkers Playhouse Both co starred Mickey Hargitay and were well reviewed 115 116 Mansfield toured small U S towns alternating between the two plays 117 In 1965 she performed in another pair of plays Rabbit Habit at the Latin Quarter nightclub and Champagne Complex directed by Matt Cimber at the Pabst Theater Both plays received poor reviews 117 118 Nightclub edit nbsp Mansfield in a promotional poster for French Dressing 1964 In February 1958 the Tropicana Las Vegas launched Mansfield s striptease revue The Tropicana Holiday produced by Monte Proser co starring Mickey Hargitay under a four week contract that was extended to eight 119 120 121 The opening night raised 20 000 for March of Dimes 203 000 in 2022 dollars 6 She received 25 000 per week for her performance as Trixie Divoon in the show 254 000 in 2022 dollars 6 while her contract with 20th Century Fox was paying her 2 500 per week 25 000 in 2022 dollars 122 123 124 She had a million dollar policy with Lloyd s of London in case Hargitay dropped her as he whirled her around for the show 125 126 In 1959 Jayne returned to the Tropicana and made 30 000 per week with her show being extended twice 127 In December 1960 the Dunes hotel and casino launched Mansfield s revue The House of Love produced by Jack Cole co starring Hargitay She received a salary of 35 000 a week 346 000 in 2022 dollars the highest in her career 128 129 Her wardrobe for the shows at Tropicana and Dunes featured a gold mesh dress with sequins to cover her nipples and pubic region 114 119 130 That controversial sheer dress was referred to as Jayne Mansfield and a few sequins 122 In early 1963 she performed in her first club engagement outside Las Vegas at the Plantation Supper Club in Greensboro North Carolina earning 23 000 in a week 220 000 in 2022 dollars and then at Iroquois Gardens in Louisville Kentucky 131 She returned to Las Vegas in 1966 but her show was staged on Fremont Street away from the Strip where the Tropicana and Dunes were 119 Her last nightclub act French Dressing was at the Latin Quarter in New York in 1966 also repeated at the Tropicana 129 It was a modified version of the Tropicana show and ran for six weeks with fair success 132 Her nightclub career became inspirations for films documentaries and a musical album 20th Century Fox Records recorded The House of Love for an album entitled Jayne Mansfield Busts Up Las Vegas in 1962 She played the roles of burlesque entertainer Midnight Franklin in Too Hot to Handle 1960 and Las Vegas show girl Tawni Downs in The Las Vegas Hillbillys 1966 76 82 133 In 1967 an independent documentary Spree alternative title Las Vegas by Night on the antics of Las Vegas entertainers was released The film narrated as a part of a travelogue of Vic Damone and Juliet Prowse featured Mansfield Hargitay Constance Moore and Clara Ward as guest stars Mansfield strips and sings Promise Her Anything from the film Promises Promises 134 135 136 A court order prohibited using any of the guest stars to promote the film 137 138 Later in her career Mansfield was busier on stage performing and making appearances with her nightclub acts club engagements and performance tours By 1960 she made personal appearances for everything from supermarket promotions to drug store openings at 10 000 per appearance 99 000 in 2022 dollars 6 139 Musical work edit Jayne MansfieldGenresCountry popOccupation s SingerInstrument s ViolinYears active1954 1967Labels20th Century Fox Records MGM Records London Records Polydor RecordsSee also Jayne Mansfield discography Mansfield had classical training in piano and violin She sang in film soundtracks on stage for her theatrical and nightclub performances and had singles and albums released After her death Mansfield became an inspiration for punk rock musicians 140 Soundtracks edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Mansfield sang in English and German for a number of her films including The Girl Can t Help It Ev rytime and Rock Around the Rock Pile Illegal Too Marvelous for Words The Las Vegas Hillbillys That Makes It Too Hot to Handle Too Hot To Handle You Were Made For Me Monsoon and Midnight Homesick for St Pauli Wo Ist Der Mann and Snicksnack Snuckelchen The Challenge The Challenge of Love The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw Strolling Down The Lane With Billy and If The San Francisco Hills Could Only Talk and Promises Promises I m in Love alternative title Lullaby of Love Live performances edit In 1958 an orchestra was recorded for the 31st Academy Awards ceremony with Jack Benny on first violin Mansfield on violin Dick Powell on trumpet Robert Mitchum on woodwind Fred Astaire on drums and Jerry Lewis as conductor however the performance was canceled 141 She sang Too Marvelous for Words for The Jack Benny Program Jack Takes Boat to Hawaii Episode 9 Season 14 November 26 1963 Her club performances regularly featured songs like Call Me A Little Brains A Little Talent This Queen has her aces in all the right places Plain Jane Quando Quando Besame Mucho and the song made famous by Marilyn Monroe Diamonds Are a Girl s Best Friend 142 143 Discography edit Jayne Mansfield discographyStudio albums2Singles6In 1962 20th Century Fox Records released the album Jayne Mansfield Busts Up Las Vegas a recording of her Las Vegas revue The House of Love In 1964 MGM Records released a novelty album called Jayne Mansfield Shakespeare Tchaikovsky amp Me in which Mansfield recited Shakespeare s sonnets and poems by Marlowe Browning Wordsworth and others against a background of Tchaikovsky s music The album cover depicted a bouffant coiffed Mansfield with lips pursed and breasts barely covered by a fur stole posing between busts of Tchaikovsky and Shakespeare 144 The New York Times described the album as a reading of 30 odd poems in a husky urban baby voice The reviewer went on to remark that Miss Mansfield is a lady with apparent charms but reading poetry is not one of them 145 In 1965 Jimi Hendrix played bass and added lead in his session musician days for Mansfield on two songs As The Clouds Drift By and Suey released as a 45 rpm single by London Records in 1966 146 147 Ed Chalpin the record producer claimed that Mansfield played all the instruments on the singles 148 According to Hendrix historian Steven Roby Black Gold The Lost Archives Of Jimi Hendrix Billboard Books this collaboration occurred because they shared the same manager 149 150 Wo ist der Mann sung in German and released by Polydor Records in Austria was much in demand immediately after its release in August 1963 The A side featured Hans Last s Snicksnack Snuckelchen 151 The Original Sound label released two original songs from the soundtrack of The Las Vegas Hillbillys That Makes It an answer to The Big Bopper s Chantilly Lace on the A side and Little Things Mean a Lot on the B side in 1964 152 Personal life editMansfield had a daughter with her first husband public relations professional Paul Mansfield She was the mother of three children from her second marriage to actor bodybuilder Mickey Hargitay including actress Mariska Hargitay She also had a son with her third husband film director Matt Cimber Mansfield s son Zoltan made news when a lion named Sammy attacked him and bit his neck while he and his mother were visiting the theme park Jungleland USA in Thousand Oaks California on November 23 1966 He suffered from severe head trauma underwent three surgeries at Community Memorial Hospital in Ventura California including a six hour brain surgery and contracted meningitis He recovered and Mansfield s attorney Sam Brody sued the theme park on the family s behalf for 1 6 million 14 million in 2022 dollars 6 65 153 154 The negative publicity led to closure of the theme park 155 In 1967 film critic and exploitation movie expert Whitney Williams wrote of Mansfield in Variety her personal life out rivaled any of the roles she played 156 Mansfield was allegedly intimately involved with many men including Claude Terrail owner of the Paris restaurant Tour d Argent 157 Robert F Kennedy 158 John F Kennedy 159 Brazilian billionaire Jorge Guinle 160 her attorney Samuel S Brody Las Vegas entertainer Nelson Sardelli and producer Enrico Bomba She met John F Kennedy through his brother in law Peter Lawford in Palm Springs California in 1960 but their alleged affair did not last 161 162 163 Mansfield and Brody her lawyer and alleged lover at the time were both killed in a car crash 164 165 Religion edit In August 1963 Mansfield decided to convert to Catholicism 118 166 Although she never converted she did attend Catholic services when she was in Europe 167 and followed Catholic practices when she was involved with a Catholic partner including Hargitay Sardelli and Cimber 168 169 In May 1967 her performance at the Mount Brandon Hotel in Tralee Ireland was canceled because Catholic clergy condemned it 170 She wanted to marry Cimber in a Catholic ceremony but was unable to find a priest who would perform it 171 While involved with Brody she also showed interest in Judaism 118 In San Francisco for the city s 1966 Film Festival Mansfield and Brody visited the Church of Satan to meet Anton LaVey the church s founder He awarded Mansfield a medallion and the title High Priestess of San Francisco s Church of Satan The media enthusiastically covered the meeting and the events surrounding it identifying her as a Satanist and speculating that she was somehow romantically involved with LaVey 172 173 174 That meeting remained a much publicized and oft quoted event both of her life and of the history of the Church of Satan 175 176 Karla LaVey Anton LaVey s daughter asserted in a 1992 interview with Joan Rivers that Mansfield was a practicing LaVeyan Satanist and that she had a romantic relationship with Anton LaVey 177 Marriages edit First marriage edit Jayne met Paul Mansfield at a party on Christmas Eve in 1949 she was a popular student at Highland Park High School and he at Sunset High School in Dallas 178 On May 6 1950 they married in Fort Worth Texas At the time of their marriage Jayne was 17 and three months pregnant while Paul was 20 179 180 181 While most major biographies put the date at May 6 some sources say the marriage was on May 10 1950 182 183 184 According to biographer Raymond Strait she had an earlier secret marriage on January 28 after which she conceived her first child 185 On November 8 1950 Mansfield gave birth to her daughter Jayne Marie Mansfield 42 Some sources cite Paul Mansfield as the father of her child 179 180 others allege that the pregnancy was the result of date rape 182 186 187 Paul Mansfield hoped the birth of their child would discourage her interest in acting When it did not he agreed to move to Los Angeles in late 1954 to help further her career 188 In 1952 she juggled motherhood and classes at the University of Texas Early in 1952 Paul was called to the United States Army Reserve for the Korean War 189 While he served in the army she spent a year at Camp Gordon Georgia Her life became easier with Paul s army allotment 190 Returning from the Korean War in 1954 he took a job with a small newspaper in East Los Angeles California and lived in a small apartment in Van Nuys Los Angeles with Jayne and her pets a Great Dane three cats named Sabina Romulus and Ophelia two chihuahuas a poodle dyed pink and a rabbit 40 191 192 193 While in California she left Jayne Marie with her maternal grandparents 32 and spent the summer semester at UCLA 19 20 After a series of marital rows around Jayne s ambitions infidelity and animals they decided to dissolve the marriage 191 192 It was a long process In February 1955 Jayne filed for separate maintenance and in August 1956 Paul filed for custody of their daughter Jayne Marie 194 Jayne filed for divorce in California in 1956 Paul filed for divorce in 1957 in Texas citing mental cruelty and they received their divorce papers on January 8 1958 195 After the divorce she decided to keep Mansfield as her professional name 196 Paul Mansfield remarried settled into the public relations business and moved to Chattanooga Tennessee but failed to win custody suits over Jayne Marie or restrain her from traveling abroad with her mother 197 198 Following her 18th birthday Jayne Marie complained that she had not received her inheritance from the Mansfield estate or heard from her father since her mother s death 199 200 Second marriage edit nbsp Mansfield with Hargitay and children in London in 1959Mansfield met her second husband Mickey Hargitay at the Latin Quarter nightclub in New York City on May 13 1956 where he was performing as a member of the chorus line in Mae West s show 65 Hargitay was an actor and bodybuilder who had won the Mr Universe competition in 1955 201 Mansfield fell for him immediately which resulted in a squabble with West 28 202 In the ensuing row Mr California Chuck Krauser beat Hargitay up and was arrested and released on a 300 bond 3 000 in 2022 dollars 6 203 After Mansfield returned from her 40 day European tour Hargitay proposed to her on November 6 1957 with a 5 000 10 carat diamond ring 52 000 in 2022 dollars 6 204 205 On January 13 1958 days after her divorce from Paul was finalized Mansfield married Hargitay at the Wayfarers Chapel in Rancho Palos Verdes California The unique glass chapel made public and press viewing of the wedding easy Mansfield wore a sensational pink skintight wedding gown made of sequins with a 30 yd 27 m flounce of pink tulle designed by a 20th Century Fox costume designer 206 and at the reception she had Hargitay drink pink champagne 207 208 209 Hargitay made his first film appearance with Mansfield in a bit part in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter 210 The couple became a performing team touring in stage shows where Mansfield s leopard spot bikini became a topic of discussion and newspaper coverage 75 211 212 As a highlight Hargitay tossed her around his waist and spun her in wide circles as her shows made more headlines 213 214 On screen he was Mansfield s male lead in her Italian ventures The Loves of Hercules and L Amore Primitivo and a major supporting character in Promises Promises On stage he was the male lead in The Tropicana Holiday The House of Love French Dressing and other nightclub acts They made personal appearances on television shows such as the Bob Hope Specials 75 Mansfield and Hargitay had a number of business holdings including the Hargitay Exercise Equipment Company Jayne Mansfield Productions and Eastland Savings and Loan 215 She co wrote the autobiographical book Jayne Mansfield s Wild Wild World with Hargitay The book also contained 32 pages of black and white photographs from the film printed on glossy paper 216 In 1962 she had a well publicized affair with Enrico Bomba the Italian producer and production manager of her film Panic Button 217 218 219 Hargitay accused Bomba of sabotaging their marriage 220 221 In 1963 she had another well publicized relationship with singer Nelson Sardelli whom she said she planned to marry when her divorce from Mickey Hargitay was finalized 222 The couple divorced in Juarez Mexico in May 1963 where Nelson Sardelli accompanied Mansfield in her legal preparations 79 She had previously filed for divorce on May 4 1962 but told reporters I m sure we will make it up 223 During the acrimonious divorce proceedings the actress attempted to force a more favorable financial settlement by accusing Hargitay of kidnapping one of her children 224 Mansfield discovered that she was pregnant after her divorce Being an unwed mother would have endangered her career so she and Hargitay announced that they were still married Mariska Hargitay was born January 23 1964 after the actual divorce but before California ruled it valid 225 Mansfield sued to get the Juarez divorce declared legal after Mariska was born and the divorce was recognized on August 26 1964 226 A court decree in June 1967 made Hargitay the guardian of Mickey Zoltan and Mariska though they continued to live with Mansfield 227 He married airline stewardess Ellen Siano in 1968 228 and she accompanied him to New Orleans when he picked up his three children after Mansfield s death 229 Shortly after her funeral Hargitay sued his former wife s estate for more than 275 000 2 40 million in 2022 dollars 6 to support the children as he and his wife Ellen would raise them 226 but he lost the suit 230 Mansfield had once told Hargitay on a television talk show that she was sorry for all the trouble that she had given him 231 Third marriage edit nbsp Mansfield with attorney and boyfriend Sam Brody Germany 1967Mansfield became involved with Matt Cimber a k a Matteo Ottaviano ne Thomas Vitale Ottaviano an Italian born film director when he directed her in a stage production of Bus Stop in Yonkers New York costarring Hargitay 232 233 She married him on September 24 1964 in Mulege Baja California Sur Mexico The couple separated on July 11 1965 and filed for divorce on July 20 1966 234 Cimber took over managing her career during their marriage and guided her through a series of increasingly tawdry projects like Promises Promises and The Las Vegas Hillbillys 26 Mansfield s marriage to Cimber began to collapse in the wake of her alcohol abuse open infidelities and her disclosure to Cimber that she had been happy only with her former lover Nelson Sardelli Work on Mansfield s film Single Room Furnished directed by Cimber 1966 was suspended 235 The couple had one son Antonio Raphael Ottaviano a k a Tony Cimber born October 18 1965 Cimber and his second wife dress designer Christy Hilliard Hanak whom he married on December 2 1967 raised Tony Mansfield s youngest child 32 236 237 Cimber later worked as an announcer for Married with Children and a producer for Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling At the time Mansfield had degenerated into alcoholism drunken brawls and performing at cheap burlesque shows 238 165 239 By July 1966 she started living with her attorney Sam Brody who had frequent drunken brawls with her and mistreated her eldest daughter Jayne Marie Sam s wife Beverly Brody filed for divorce naming Mansfield the 41st other woman in Sam s life 32 236 237 Two weeks before her mother s death in 1967 16 year old Jayne Marie accused Sam Brody of beating her 64 The girl s statement to officers of the Los Angeles Police Department the following morning implicated her mother in encouraging the abuse and days later a juvenile court judge awarded temporary custody of Jayne Marie to Paul s uncle William W Pigue and his wife Mary 179 240 241 Public image editInfluence edit See also Jayne Mansfield in popular culture Mansfield was a major Hollywood sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s and 20th Century Fox s alternative to Marilyn Monroe She came to be known as the Working Man s Monroe 242 238 She was one of Hollywood s original blonde bombshells 243 and although many people have never seen her movies 244 Mansfield remains one of the most recognizable icons of 1950s celebrity culture 244 According to Hollywood historian and biographer James Parish Mansfield s hourglass figure she claimed dimensions of 40 21 35 unique sashaying walk breathy baby talk and cleavage revealing costumes made an enduring impact 32 Hollywood historian Andrew Nelson said that she was seen as Hollywood s gaudiest boldest D cupped B grade actress from 1955 until the early 1960s 238 Frequent references have been made to Mansfield s very high IQ which she claimed was 163 245 In addition to English she spoke four other languages She learned French Spanish and German in high school and in 1963 she studied Italian 246 Reputed to be Hollywood s smartest dumb blonde she later complained that the public did not care about her brains saying They re more interested in 40 21 35 a reference to her body measurements 238 28 Trademarks edit Blonde edit A natural brunette Mansfield had her hair bleached and colored platinum blonde when she moved to Los Angeles 247 and became one of the early blonde bombshells along with Marilyn Monroe Betty Grable and Mamie Van Doren 248 249 250 251 In 1958 she also had her eyebrows dyed platinum 252 Following Jean Harlow who started the trend with her film Bombshell 253 254 Monroe Mansfield and Van Doren helped establish the stereotype typified by a combination of curvaceous physique very light colored hair and a perceived lack of intelligence 255 A review of English language tabloids shows it to be one of the most persistent blonde stereotypes along with busty blonde and blonde babe 256 Mansfield and Monroe have been described as representations of a historical juncture of sexuality in comedy and popular culture 257 Academics also added Anita Ekberg and Bettie Page to the list of catalysts of the trend of exaggerated female sexuality along with Mansfield and Monroe 258 259 M Thomas Inge describes Mansfield Monroe and Jane Russell as personifications of the bad girl in popular culture 260 Judy Holliday and Goldie Hawn are also identified to have established the stereotype of the dumb blonde 261 typified by their combination of overt sexuality and apparent inability to understand everyday life 262 Instead of the asexualized and virginal nice girls of earlier films the pneumatic blonde bombshells took over the screen in the 1950s to become a cult that has been consistently emulated from that era on 263 264 Social historian Joan Jacobs Brumberg described the 1950s as an era distinguished by its worship of full breasted women and attributes the paradigm shift to Mansfield and Monroe 265 Patricia Vettel Becker made that observation more specific by attributing the phenomenon to Playboy and Mansfield and Monroe s appearances in the magazine 266 See also Blonde stereotype Anatomy edit Newspapers in the 1950s routinely published Mansfield s body measurements which once led evangelist Billy Graham to exclaim This country knows more about Jayne Mansfield s statistics than the Second Commandment 244 Mansfield proclaimed a 41 inch bust line and a 22 inch waist when she made her Broadway debut in 1955 though some scholars dispute those figures 267 She was known as the Cleavage Queen and the Queen of Sex and Bosom 268 It was said that her breasts fluctuated 269 270 in size from her pregnancies and nursing her five children Her smallest bust measurement was 40 D 102 cm which was constant throughout the 1950s and her largest was 46 DD 117 cm measured by the press in 1967 271 According to Playboy her vital statistics were 40D 21 36 102 53 91 cm on her 5 6 1 68 m frame 48 It has been claimed that her bosom was a major force behind the development of 1950s brassieres including the whirlpool bra cuties the shutter bra the action bra latex pads cleavage revealing designs and uplifted outlines 272 273 R L Rutsky 274 and Bill Osgerby 275 have claimed that it was Mansfield along with Marilyn Monroe and Brigitte Bardot who made the bikini popular Drawing on the Freudian concept of fetishism British science fiction writer and socio cultural commentator J G Ballard commented that Mae West s Mansfield s and Monroe s breasts loomed across the horizon of popular consciousness 276 According to Dave Kehr as the 1960s approached the anatomy that had made her a star turned her into a joke 267 In this decade the female body ideal shifted to appreciate the slim waif like features popularized by supermodel Twiggy actress Audrey Hepburn and others demarcating the demise of the busty blonde bombshells 264 277 278 Publicity edit Mansfield s drive for publicity was one of the strongest in Hollywood She gave up all privacy and her doors were always open to photographers 139 279 On Christmas Eve 1954 she walked into publicist James Byron s office with a gift and asked him to oversee her publicity 139 which he did for the most part until the end of 1961 128 Byron appointed most of the people on her team William Shiffrin press agent Greg Bautzer attorney and Charles Goldring business manager 280 and constantly planted publicity material in the media 279 She appeared in about 2 500 newspaper photographs and had about 122 000 lines of newspaper copy written about her between September 1956 and May 1957 244 Because of the successful media blitz she achieved international renown On October 10 1959 she visited White Hart Lane England and watched the Tottenham Hotspur versus Wolverhampton Wanderers FC football match By 1960 Mansfield had topped press polls for more words in print than anyone else in the world had made more personal appearances than a political candidate 139 and was regarded as the world s most photographed Hollywood celebrity 114 She made news on a regular basis for malfunctioning dresses and clothing that burst strategically at the seams to wearing low cut dresses without a bra 279 281 Things worsened when she took charge of her own publicity without advice According to her agent William Shiffrin She became a freak 282 James Bacon wrote in the Los Angeles Herald Examiner in 1973 Here was a girl with real comedy talent spectacular figure and looks and yet ridiculed herself out of business by outlandish publicity 283 Mansfield received her first truly negative publicity after she and Hargitay pleaded poverty when his first wife Mary Hargitay whom he divorced on September 6 1956 requested additional child support for their nine year old first child Tina in September 1958 Mansfield said she slept on the floor of her mansion was unable to buy furniture and spent only 71 on her daughter Jayne Marie 1 000 in 2022 dollars 6 284 285 286 During this marriage she had three children Miklos Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay born December 21 1958 Zoltan Anthony Hargitay born August 1 1960 and Mariska Magdolna Hargitay born January 23 1964 Publicity stunts edit In January 1955 Mansfield appeared at a Silver Springs Florida press junket promoting the film Underwater starring Jane Russell She purposely wore a too small red bikini lent to her by photographer friend Peter Gowland When she dove into the pool for photographers her top came off creating a burst of media attention The ensuing publicity led to Warner Bros and Playboy approaching her with offers 179 244 287 288 On June 8 of the same year her dress fell down to her waist twice in a single evening once at a movie party and later at a nightclub 289 In February 1958 she was topless at a Carnival party in Rio de Janeiro 28 290 291 She shimmied out of her polka dot dress in a Rome nightclub in June 1962 292 293 In the three years since making her Broadway debut in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter Mansfield had become the most controversial star of the decade 281 In April 1957 her breasts were the focus of a publicity stunt intended to deflect media attention from Sophia Loren during a dinner party in the Italian star s honor Photographs of them were published around the world The best known photo showed Loren s gaze falling on the actress s cleavage she was seated between Loren and her dinner companion Clifton Webb when Mansfield leaned over the table allowing her breasts to spill over her low neckline exposing one of her nipples 294 The Jayne Mansfield Sophia Loren photograph was a UPI sensation appearing in newspapers and magazines with the word censored hiding the actress s exposed nipple 295 At the same time the world s media were quick to condemn Mansfield s stunts One editorial columnist wrote We are amused when Miss Mansfield strains to pull in her stomach to fill out her bikini better but we get angry when career seeking women shady ladies and certain starlets and actresses use every opportunity to display their anatomy unasked 44 By the late 1950s Mansfield began to generate a great deal of negative publicity because of repeated exposure of her breasts in carefully staged public wardrobe accidents 296 297 Richard Blackwell her wardrobe designer who also designed for Jane Russell Dorothy Lamour Peggy Lee and Nancy Reagan dropped her from his client list because of this 298 In April 1967 the Los Angeles Times wrote She confuses publicity and notoriety with stardom and celebrity and the result is very distasteful to the public 299 See also Wardrobe malfunction Signature color edit nbsp Front of the Pink Palace in 1997Mansfield adopted pink as her color in 1954 and was associated with it for the rest of her career 42 300 Her original choice was purple but she thought it too close to lavender Kim Novak s signature color 42 It must have been the right decision she said because I got more column space from pink than Kim Novak ever did from lavender 300 In November 1957 shortly before their marriage using money from an inheritance Mansfield bought the 40 room Mediterranean style mansion formerly owned by Rudy Vallee at 10100 Sunset Boulevard in the Holmby Hills section of Los Angeles 75 301 Mansfield had the house painted pink with cupids surrounded by pink fluorescent lights pink fur in the bathrooms a pink heart shaped bathtub and a fountain spurting pink champagne she then dubbed it the Pink Palace Hargitay a plumber and carpenter before taking up bodybuilding built the pink heart shaped swimming pool The year after reconstructing the Pink Palace as a pink landmark she began riding in a pink Cadillac Eldorado Biarritz convertible with tailfins then the only pink Cadillac in Hollywood 302 303 304 Rivalry edit Throughout her career Mansfield was compared by the media to the reigning sex symbol of the period Marilyn Monroe 30 20th Century Fox groomed her as well as Sheree North to substitute for Monroe their resident blonde bombshell while Universal Pictures launched Van Doren as their substitute 305 The studio launched Mansfield with a grand 40 day tour of England and Europe from September 25 to November 6 1957 306 She adopted Monroe s vocal mannerisms instead of her original husky voice and Texas accent 267 performed in two plays that were based on Marilyn Monroe vehicles Bus Stop and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 307 and her role in The Wayward Bus was strongly influenced by Monroe s character in Bus Stop 117 Other studios also tried to find their own versions of Monroe Columbia Pictures tried it with Cleo Moore Warner Bros with Carroll Baker Paramount Pictures with Anita Ekberg and Metro Goldwyn Mayer with Barbara Lang 308 while Diana Dors was dubbed England s answer to Mansfield 309 Jacqueline Susann wrote When one studio has a Marilyn Monroe every other studio is hiring Jayne Mansfield and Mamie Van Doren 310 The crowd of contenders also included Sheree North Kim Novak Joi Lansing Beverly Michaels Barbara Nichols and Greta Thyssen and even two brunettes Elizabeth Taylor and Jane Russell 311 312 313 Mamie Van Doren Diana Dors and Kim Novak also acted in productions of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 314 Even when Mansfield s film roles were drying up she was still considered Monroe s primary rival Mansfield considered Mamie Van Doren her professional nemesis 315 At one point Monroe Mansfield and Mamie were known as The Three M s 316 317 Death edit nbsp Gravestone at Fairview Cemetery Pen Argyl Pennsylvania nbsp Mansfield s cenotaph with incorrect birth year at Hollywood Forever Cemetery Hollywood In 1967 Mansfield was in Biloxi Mississippi for an engagement at the Gus Stevens Supper Club After two appearances on the evening of June 28 Mansfield her attorney Sam Brody their driver Ronnie Harrison age 20 and three of her children Miklos Zoltan and Mariska left Biloxi after midnight in a 1966 Buick Electra 225 Their destination was New Orleans where Mansfield was to appear on WDSU s Midday Show the next day At about 2 25 a m on June 29 on U S Highway 90 1 mile 1 6 km west of the Rigolets Bridge the Buick crashed at high speed into the rear of a Johnson tractor trailer driven by a Mr Rambo that had slowed down for an approaching insecticide fog spraying truck which was flashing a red light The three adults in the front seat died instantly The children asleep in the rear seat survived with minor injuries 318 Reports that Mansfield was decapitated are untrue although she suffered severe head trauma 319 This urban legend started with the appearance in police photographs of the crashed car with its top virtually sheared off and what resembled a blonde haired head tangled in the car s smashed windshield However Mansfield s death certificate which states her immediate cause of death to be crushed skull with avulsion of cranium and brain rules this out 320 The identity of the head like shape has not been definitively determined but it is debated to have been either a wig that Mansfield was wearing or carrying the top portion of her real hair and scalp or something else entirely 321 After her death the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recommended requiring an underride guard a strong bar made of steel tubing on all tractor trailers the trucking industry was slow to adopt this change In America the underride guard is sometimes known as a Mansfield bar or an ICC bumper 322 323 324 Mansfield s funeral took place on July 3 in Pen Argyl Pennsylvania The service was conducted by Charles Montgomery a pastor of the Zion Methodist Church 325 A private funeral service was held at the chapel of the Pullis Funeral Home 326 A Methodist minister conducted her funeral ceremony 118 Mickey Hargitay was the only ex husband present at the funeral 327 Mansfield was interred in Fairview Cemetery southeast of Pen Argyl beside her father Herbert Palmer 328 In 1968 two wrongful death lawsuits were filed on behalf of Jayne Marie Mansfield and Matt Cimber 329 one for 4 8 million 50 million in 2022 dollars 6 and the other for 2 7 million 28 1 million in 2022 dollars 6 The death car was saved by a private collector in Florida where it became a roadside attraction in the 1970s As of 2019 update the car is owned by Scott Michaels and is housed and shown at his Dearly Departed Tours amp Artifact Museum in Los Angeles across from Hollywood Forever Cemetery 330 331 Achievements and legacy editAwards and nominations edit nbsp Mansfield s star on Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6328 Hollywood Boulevard 332 Her daughter Mariska Hargitay s star was placed next to hers more than 50 years later in 2013 333 334 Jayne Mansfield received a Theatre World Award Promising Personality for Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter in 1956 110 She received a Golden Globe Award New Star of the year Actress for The Girl Can t Help It in 1957 111 335 She received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8 1960 for her contribution to motion pictures 333 On Mother s Day of 1960 the Mildred Strauss Child Care Chapter of Mount Sinai Hospital New York City declared her family as the Family of the Year 336 Italian film radio and television journalists awarded her the Silver Mask award in 1962 337 Mansfield received the Oscar of the Two World award in Italy 338 339 In 1963 Mansfield was voted one of the top 10 box office attractions by an organization of American theater owners for her performance in Promises Promises a film banned in parts of the U S 74 79 In 1968 the Hollywood Publicists Guild declared a Jayne Mansfield Award would be given to the actress who received the most exposure and publicity in a year 252 Raquel Welch was the first winner of the award in 1969 340 The airport on the remote Norwegian island Jan Mayen is named as a tribute and a pun Jan Mayensfield Legacy edit Mansfield left behind five children and a crumbling estate 341 342 343 including the Pink Palace The 1991 US top 40 single Kiss Them for Me by the group Siouxsie and the Banshees and the L A Guns song The Ballad of Jayne are about Mansfield and her untimely death Mansfield is known for helping shape the dumb blonde stereotype 344 345 Contrary to her public persona Mansfield was quite intelligent and at one point could speak up to five different languages 346 Her daughter Mariska Hargitay became an actress and star of Law amp Order Special Victims Unit She has won several awards for her work on the show including a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in 2005 an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2006 and a People s Choice Award for the Drama TV Star of the Year in 2018 347 Estate edit After Mansfield s death Hargitay Cimber Vera Peers Mansfield s mother William Pigue Jayne Marie s legal guardian and Charles Goldring Mansfield s business manager as well as Bernard B Cohen and Jerome Webber both administrators of the estate filed unsuccessful suits to gain control of her estate 348 349 350 Mansfield s estate was appraised initially at 600 000 4 3 million in 2022 dollars 6 including the Pink Palace estimated at 100 000 720 000 in 2022 dollars a sports car sold for 7 000 51 000 in 2022 dollars her jewelry and Sam Brody s 185 000 estate left to her in his last will 1 340 000 in 2022 dollars 351 352 In 1971 Beverly Brody sued the Mansfield estate for 325 000 2 350 000 in 2022 dollars worth of presents and jewelry given to Mansfield by Sam Brody the suit was settled out of court 353 354 355 However her four eldest children Jayne Marie Mickey Zoltan and Mariska went to court in 1977 to find that approximately 500 000 in debt that Mansfield had incurred 3 6 million in 2022 dollars including 11 000 for lingerie 79 000 in 2022 dollars 11 600 for plumbing of the heart shaped swimming pool 84 000 in 2022 dollars and litigation had left the estate insolvent 356 The Pink Palace was sold Its subsequent owners included Ringo Starr and Engelbert Humperdinck 357 Cass Elliot is often falsely claimed to have owned the home In 2002 Humperdinck sold it to developers and the house was demolished in November of that year 358 What remained of her estate was subsequently managed by CMG Worldwide an intellectual property management company 359 See also editJayne Mansfield performances Jayne Mansfield in popular culture The Jayne Mansfield Story Playboy List of people in Playboy 1953 1959 List of people in Playboy 1960 1969Notes edit Vera Jeffrey s father Thomas H Palmer was from the largely Cornish area of Pen Argyl Pennsylvania 9 where he was involved with the slate industry 7 Original text from Hamlet Act I Scene II O that this too too solid flesh would melt Thaw and resolve itself into a dew Original text of To the Virgins to Make Much of Time by Robert Herrick Gather ye rosebuds while ye may Old Time is still a flying And this same flower that smiles today Tomorrow will be dying Citations edit Jayne Mansfield the Private Life and Times of Jayne Mansfield Jayne Mansfield Pictures Mike Scott June 28 2017 Remembering the tragic death of Jayne Mansfield 50 years later NOLA com Capital City Press The Advocate Retrieved February 18 2021 west of the Rigolets near Slidell Koltnow Bo June 30 2017 50th anniversary of Jayne Mansfield s death WFMZ com Retrieved January 24 2020 Golden Eve June 29 2021 Jayne Mansfield The Girl Couldn t Help It University Press of Kentucky ISBN 978 0 8131 8098 4 Strait 1992 p 10 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved May 28 2023 a b Jayne Mansfield Mickey Pause in Dallas for Party Star News January 15 1958 p 4 Jayne Mansfield to get 90 000 The Beaver County Times January 23 1957 p 15 Kent Alan M 2004 Travels in Cornish America Cousin Jack s Mouth organ Jayne Mansfield is Killed in Early Morning Smash Up on Narrow Louisiana Road St Petersburg Times June 30 1967 Born Vera Jayne Palmer in Bryn Mawr Pa April 19 1933 Miss Mansfield grew up in Philipsburg PA permanent dead link Vera Peers Buried in Pen Argyl Near Daughter Jayne Mansfield Los Angeles Times November 19 2000 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Highland Park High School The Highlander 1949 Names in Yearbook PDF Dallas Public Library Saxton 1975 pp 6 7 Strait 1992 p 19 David Lester David Irene 1983 The Shirley Temple story Putnam p 21 ISBN 9780399127984 Strait 1992 p 37 Miller Bobbi September 25 1988 Highland Park High Alumni Have Gone on to Greatness The Dallas Morning News a b c d e Commire Anne Klezmer Deborah 2001 Women in World History A Biographical Encyclopedia Vol 10 Yorkin pp 185 186 ISBN 9780787640699 a b c Garraty John Arthur Carnes Mark Christopher 1999 American National Biography Oxford University p 450 ISBN 9780195127935 a b Jayne Mansfield Killed The Deseret News AP June 29 1967 p 1 Hopper Hedda November 25 1956 Jayne Shapes Up Her Career Los Angeles Times p 2 Archived from the original on November 5 2012 subscription required Strait 1992 p 217 Havemann Ernst April 23 1956 Star s Legend Life p 186 Join Ancestry search ancestry com Retrieved May 24 2018 a b c d Erickson Hal May 22 2012 Jayne Mansfield Movies amp TV Dept The New York Times Archived from the original on January 30 2013 a b c d Johnson Erskine January 10 1957 Jayne Mansfield Darling of Bust Sarasota Journal 7 a b c d Jayne Mansfield Dead Windsor Star UPI June 29 1967 p 6 Mansfield Jayne 1963 Jayne Mansfield s Wild Wild World Hollywood House Publishing ASIN B002LOUIIC a b Mann 1974 p 112 a b c Partheymuller Peter March 2000 Jayne Manfield The Alcalde 25 a b c d e f g Parish James Robert 2007 The Hollywood Book of Extravagance John Wiley amp Sons pp 44 45 ISBN 978 0 470 05205 1 Crosby Joan August 14 1965 Fantastics a Runaway Success Ottawa Citizen p 3 Parker Fess July 6 1970 Guest Star of the 1970 Emerald Empire Roundup The Register Guard Eugene Oregon p 3 Jayne Mansfield Car Accident Daughter amp Movies Biography May 13 2021 Retrieved October 23 2023 In 1954 after Paul returned from the Korean War Mansfield convinced him to move with her to Los Angeles so she could pursue her dream of becoming a movie star a b c Films in Review vol 27 National Board of Review of Motion Pictures 1976 pp 321 323 Pearce Moses Richard 1987 Photographic Collections in Texas A Union Guide Texas A amp M University p 133 ISBN 978 0 89096 351 7 Saxton 1975 pp 38 39 Muir Helen February 2 1963 Barush Lumet Taught Stars How to Act The Miami News p 9 a b Saxton 1975 p 43 Tibbetts John Welsh James 2010 American Classic Screen Features Scarecrow p 13 ISBN 978 0 8108 7679 8 a b c d e f g Faris 1994 p 3 Saxton 1975 p 48 a b Strait 1992 p 116 chatham43 June 19 2012 Jayne Mansfield Interview Clip 1960 archived from the original on December 12 2021 retrieved May 24 2018 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Parsons Louella January 1 1956 Outlook for Young Star is Bright The Sunday News Press p 4 Edison Mike 2011 Dirty Dirty Dirty Soft Skull Press p 24 ISBN 9781593764678 a b Playboy Data Sheet Jayne Mansfield Miss February 1955 Playboy Archived from the original on February 13 2007 Retrieved August 6 2008 The Playboy Index M Archived from the original on April 1 2016 Biography News Vol 1 Gale Research 1974 p 173 Brady Frank 1975 Hefner Weidenfeld and Nicolson p 103 ISBN 978 0 297 76943 9 a b c Saxton 1975 p 175 Faris 1994 p 147 a b Faris 1994 p 4 Du Brow Rick May 24 1959 Has Jayne been hiding talent The Milwaukee Journal p 4 a b c Strait 1992 pp 69 70 Faris 1994 pp 71 72 Saxton 1975 pp 57 Louis W Kellman Filmmaker in Philadelphia for More Than 40 Years Philadelphia Inquirer December 23 1988 p 3 Saxton 1975 pp 81 82 Cochran Bobby VanHecke Susan 2003 Three Steps to Heaven The Eddie Cochran Story Hal Leonard p 56 ISBN 978 0 634 03252 3 Strait 1992 p 80 Faris 1994 p 5 a b Jayne Mansfield Dies in New Orleans Car Crash The New York Times June 30 1967 p 33 subscription required a b c Faris 1994 p 6 Saxton 1975 pp 91 Mann 1974 pp 58 59 Saxton 1975 p 13 Shipman David 1980 The Great Movie Stars The International Years Angus amp Robertson p 349 Donnelly Paul 2003 Fade to Black a Book of Movie Obituaries Omnibus p 452 ISBN 978 0 7119 9512 3 Haggiag Michael 1983 Phil Hardy ed The Western Film Encyclopedia Vol 1 W Morrow p 270 ISBN 978 0 688 00946 5 Parish James Robert Pitts Michael R 2003 Hollywood Songsters Routledge p 321 ISBN 9780415943321 Rovin Jeff 1984 Joan Collins The Unauthorized Biography Bantam p 89 ISBN 9780553249392 a b Debolt Abbe A Baugess James S 2011 Encyclopedia of the Sixties A Decade of Culture and Counterculture 2 volumes A Decade of Culture and Counterculture Encyclopedia of the Sixties A Decade of Culture and Counterculture ABC CLIO p 391 ISBN 978 1 4408 0102 0 a b c d Faris 1994 pp 7 8 a b Saxton 1975 p 122 Jordan 2009 p 167 Klockars Karl April 10 2009 Friday Flashback Hef s Obscenity Battle Chicagoist com Archived from the original on April 14 2009 Retrieved January 25 2011 a b c Faris 1994 p 10 Jayne Mansfield for President November 8 2014 Archived from the original on October 18 2015 Retrieved September 11 2015 J Mansfield to Promote C amp W Movie Billboard October 22 1966 p 56 a b Faris 1994 p 105 Burchill Julie April 12 2003 Desperately Seeking Attention The Guardian Archived from the original on March 10 2016 Parsons Louella O June 7 1956 Jayne Mansfield s Billing Now Above That of Play St Petersburg Times p 9 Fat for Britains Titusville Herald September 30 1957 p 1 a b Faris 1994 p 113 Strait 1992 p 118 Brooks Tim Marsh Earle 2007 The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946 Present Ballantine Books ISBN 978 0 345 49773 4 Pondillo Robert 2010 America s First Network TV Censor The Work of NBC s Stockton Helffrich SIU Press p 166 ISBN 9780809329182 Faris 1994 pp 118 153 Dinan Undecided On His Next Move Sunday Herald December 31 1961 p 39 Faris 1994 pp 25 49 123 Saxton 1975 p 87 Mann 1974 p 212 Winchell Walter June 23 1958 Jayne Asks 20 000 Per TV Performance Star News p 6 Logan Anika Jayne Mansfield The Poor Man s Marilyn Monroe Rewind the Fifties Archived from the original on March 5 2017 Retrieved August 2 2007 Molloy Tim April 27 2009 Shattered TV Taboos How Bea Arthur and Others Broke Barriers TV Guide Archived from the original on June 16 2011 Faris 1994 p 126 Gitlin Todd 1994 Inside Prime Time Routledge p 196 Jayne Mansfield Set Some Like It Hot Hollywood Reporter August 18 2006 Jayne Mansfield Biography A E Networks Archived from the original on September 9 2011 Retrieved July 14 2008 2001 2002 Emmy Awards Infoplease Pearson PLC Archived from the original on May 16 2008 Retrieved July 14 2008 Zad Martie May 18 1999 Hollywood s Dangerous Curves The Washington Post Bowker Staff 1993 Bowker s Complete Video Directory Vol 1 Bowker p 465 ASIN B000ZGSGPK Sullivan Steve 1995 Va Va Voom General Publishing Group p 50 ISBN 9781881649601 Strait 1992 pp 71 77 Bacon James January 8 1962 Actress Made Herself Famous The Miami News p 3A Mann 1974 p 36 Ruuth Marianne 1991 Cruel City The Dark Side of Hollywood s Rich and Famous Roundtable Publishing p 157 ISBN 978 0915677481 a b Awards Theatre World Awards Website Archived from the original on March 13 2012 Retrieved January 25 2008 a b Jayne Mansfield The Hollywood Foreign Press Association Archived from the original on May 24 2012 O Neil Thomas 2003 Movie Awards The Ultimate Unofficial Guide to the Oscars Golden Globes Critics Guild and Indie Honor Penguin USA p 839 ISBN 978 0 399 52922 1 Archived from the original on October 11 2013 Retrieved June 24 2012 Atkinson Brooks October 14 1955 Theatre Axelrod s Second Comedy The New York Times p 22 a b c Burbank Jeff 2007 Las Vegas Babylon Franz Steiner Verlag pp 113 114 ISBN 9781861059666 The Voice of Kevin Kelly The Boston Globe November 30 1994 p 65 Row Over Screen Censorship Goes On The New York Times June 1 1958 a b c Faris 1994 pp 74 a b c d Strait 1992 p 11 a b c Weatherford Mike 2001 Cult Vegas The Weirdest The Wildest The Swingin est Town on Earth Huntington Press pp 230 232 ISBN 9780929712710 Strait 1992 p 107 Powers Ashley March 22 2009 Putting a Top on Iconic Topless Show The Boston Globe Archived from the original on March 4 2016 a b Strait 1992 p 94 Carrol Harrison January 2 1958 Behind Scenes in Hollywood The Billings County Pioneer p 2 Jayne Mickey Appears in Las Vegas Revue Oxnard Press Courier February 11 1958 p 10 Swings His Bride The Tuscaloosa News April 10 1958 p 26 Faris 1994 p 45 VeVea April 2018 Puffblicity An Appreciation of Jayne Mansfield The 50s Pictures Blurb a b Strait 1992 p 110 a b Faris 1994 p 24 Faris 1994 p 46 Strait 1992 pp 161 163 Faris 1994 p 56 Ross Becki 2009 Burlesque West University of Toronto Press ISBN 9781442697225 Saxton 1975 pp 160 Faris 1994 p 108 Strait 1992 p 161 Thomas Kevin June 3 1967 Spree Features Visit to Las Vegas Los Angeles Times p 1 Parish James Robert Pitts Michael R 2003 Hollywood Songsters Routledge p 212 ISBN 9780415943321 a b c d Bacon James February 8 1962 Jayne Shapes Own Publicity The Miami News pp 1 8 Wes Hurley Don t Miss Mansfield 66 67 Huffington Post October 20 2017 Jack and Jayne got Ax on Oscar night Billboard April 7 1958 p 8 Faris 1994 p 52 Clayton Emma May 23 2012 Hollywood glamour caused a stir when Jayne Mansfield arrived in Yorkshire Bradford Telegraph and Argus Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Welcome to Raymondo s Dance o rama triad rr com Retrieved December 13 2006 Archived March 29 2006 at the Wayback Machine Lask Thomas August 30 1964 Poetry Revised Editions The New York Times p X21 Henderson David 2009 Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky Simon and Schuster p 85 ISBN 9780743274012 Gonzalez Ray 2008 Renaming the Earth University of Arizona p 43 ISBN 9780816524105 Geldeart Gary Rodham Steve 2008 The Complete Guide to the Recorded Work of Jimi Hendrix Vol 1 Jimpress p 32 ISBN 9780952768654 The Girl Can t Help It Dreamtime Archived from the original on December 27 2007 Retrieved December 11 2007 Jimi Hendrix And Jayne Mansfield The Untold Story Archived from the original on August 28 2010 Retrieved December 11 2007 Austria Billboard August 10 1963 p 38 Faris 1994 p 130 Maulhardt Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Jungleland Arcadia p 119 ISBN 9780738574448 Jayne Mansfield is Seeking 1 6 Million in Lion Attack The Tuscaloosa News January 18 1967 p 18 Maulhardt Jeffrey Wayne 2011 Jungleland Arcadia Publishing p 8 ISBN 9780738574448 Faris 1994 pp 7 235 Strait 1992 p 198 Strait 1992 pp 153 157 177 190 Kroth Jerome A 2003 Conspiracy in Camelot Algora p 263 ISBN 978 0 87586 246 0 Strait 1992 p 156 Hagood Wesley O 1998 Presidential Sex From the Founding Fathers to Bill Clinton Citadel Press p 163 ISBN 978 0 806 52007 0 Boertlein John 2010 Presidential Confidential Sex Scandal Murder and Mayhem in the Oval Office Clerisy Press p 151 ISBN 978 1 578 60361 9 Sullivan Michael John 1994 Presidential Passions The Love Affairs of America s Presidents SP Books p 69 ISBN 978 1 561 71093 5 Strait 1992 p 185 a b Jordan 2009 p 222 Faris 1994 p 150 Saxton 1975 p 160 Mann 1974 pp 115 117 133 Strait 1992 pp 50 174 Faris 1994 p 152 Strait 1992 p 229 Strait 1992 p 282 Faris 1994 p 33 Mann 1974 p 263 Lewis James R 2003 Legitimating New Religions Rutgers University p 108 Lewis James R 2001 Satanism Today An Encyclopedia of Religion Folklore and Popular Culture ABC CLIO p 146 ISBN 9781576072929 Karla LaVey joan rivers show YouTube March 18 2013 Archived from the original on June 25 2014 Retrieved September 7 2013 Strait 1992 pp 50 55 a b c d Faris 1994 pp 3 197 a b Saxton 1975 p 29 Jayne Mansfield s Husband Asks for Divorce TimesDaily AP January 4 1957 p 11 a b Mann 1974 pp 10 12 Pendergast Tom Pendergast Sara 2000 St James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture St James Press p 260 ISBN 978 1 55862 401 6 Parish James Robert 2006 The Hollywood Book of Breakups John Wiley amp Sons p XX ISBN 978 0 471 75268 4 Strait 1992 p 304 Jordan 2009 p 221 Saxton 1975 p 27 Parish James Robert 2006 The Hollywood Book of Breakups John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 471 75268 4 Saxton 1975 p 36 Mann 1974 p 12 a b Hopper Hedda November 25 1956 Jayne Mansfield Girl Strategist Hartford Courant p 1 Archived from the original on November 5 2012 a b Strait 1992 pp 62 63 People Time Vol 16 no 14 October 3 1955 Faris 1994 pp 148 205 Faris 1994 pp 183 189 Obituary Variety July 5 1967 p 63 Jayne Mansfield in Divorce Action Sarasota Journal March 21 1956 p 15 Jayne Can Take Daughter Abroad Tri City Herald April 17 1958 p 2 Chrissy isn t Worried About Ex Miss World The Miami News June 3 1976 p 9 Wilson Earl June 9 1976 It Happened Last Night Pittsburgh Post Gazette p 20 Mozee Gene February 2007 Mickey Hargitay In Memoriam Ironman Magazine Archived from the original on May 23 2011 Retrieved April 10 2011 Strait 1992 pp 74 76 Mr Universe Bopped Switches Blondes Oxnard Press Courier June 8 1956 p 1 Bacon James December 1 1957 Jayne Mansfield Shies at Photog s Flashbulb Sarasota Herald Tribune p 44 Jayne Mansfield Hargitay Engaged St Joseph Gazette November 7 1957 p 2 Faris 1994 p 212 Mann 1974 p 76 Smith Liz February 15 1977 Gossip Ottawa Citizen p 58 Quiet Wedding Attracts 1 500 The Sydney Morning Herald January 15 1958 p 3 Crowther Bosley September 12 1957 Screen Farce From Fox Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter Here The New York Times p 37 Archived from the original on January 30 2013 subscription required The Bare Facts at Last All Those Hours at the Gym Will Pay off with Spring s Slightly Skimpy Fashions Miami Herald March 12 1986 p D1 Kilgallen Dorothy July 22 1964 Jayne s Touring Strawhats in Bikinis The Washington Post p B11 Faris 1994 pp 44 45 Mann 1974 p 78 Faris 1994 p 9 Mansfield Jayne Hargitay Mickey 1963 Jayne Mansfield s Wild Wild World Los Angeles Holloway House OCLC 9922763 Faris 1994 p 190 Strait 1992 p 139 Sealy Shirley 1982 The Celebrity Sex Register Simon amp Schuster p 134 ISBN 9780671442965 Saxton 1975 p 144 Faris 1994 p 209 Strait 1992 pp 167 68 170 173 74 195 197 202 203 207 208 224 25 Miss Mansfield Asks Divorce The New York Times May 4 1962 p 25 Strait 1992 p 224 Faris 1994 p 226 a b Faris 1994 p 164 Mickey Hargitay Named Guardian Daytona Beach Sunday News Journal June 8 1967 p 10 Carrol Harrison April 18 1968 Behind the Scenes in Hollywood The Rochester Sentinel p 2 Jayne Mansfield s Children Released from Hospital The Register Guard Eugene Oregon June 5 1967 p 3 Hargitay Loses Claim to Funds Evening Independent January 17 1969 p 18 Saxton 1975 p 196 Faris 1994 p 29 Strait 1992 p 235 Jayne Mansfield Asks Divorce The New York Times July 21 1966 p 20 Wallace David Miller Ann April 2003 Hollywoodland Thorndike ISBN 978 0 7862 5203 9 Archived from the original on April 6 2017 a b Faris 1994 pp 12 37 a b Jordan 2009 p 222 a b c d Nelson Andrew August 6 2001 Jayne Mansfield The Brand Called Two Salon com Archived from the original on October 15 2012 Sheilah Graham June 9 1967 Jayne Mansfield in Brawl The Pittsburgh Press p 29 Strait 1992 pp 288 89 Mann 1974 p 236 Davies Jennifer 2012 Fatal Car Accidents of the Rich and Famous RW Press p 33 ISBN 9781909284043 Rudnick Paul June 14 1999 Heroes and Icons Marilyn Monroe Time Archived from the original on June 24 2012 a b c d e Russell Dennis 2000 Jayne Mansfield In Tom Pendergast Sara Pendergast eds St James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Vol 3 Farmington Hills Michigan St James Press Gale pp 250 261 ISBN 1 55862 405 8 Archived from the original on August 10 2011 Jordan 2009 p 221 Saxton 1975 pp 10 17 148 155 Mann 1974 p 18 Jordan 2009 p 213 Pitkin Roy Macbeth 2008 Whom the Gods Love Die Young Dorrance p 130 ISBN 978 1 4349 9199 7 Kroker Arthur Kroker Marilouise 1991 The Hysterical Male New Feminist Theory New World Perspectives p 78 ISBN 978 0 920393 69 7 Benshoff Harry M Griffin Sean 2011 America on Film Representing Race Class Gender and Sexuality at the Movies John Wiley amp Sons p 213 ISBN 978 1 4443 5759 2 a b Faris 1994 pp 135 271 Sherrow Victoria 2006 Encyclopedia of Hair A Cultural History Greenwood Publishing Group p 201 ISBN 978 0 313 33145 9 Jordan 2009 p 213 Sikov Ed 2009 Film Studies An Introduction Columbia University Press p 134 ISBN 978 0 231 14293 9 Conboy Martin 2006 Tabloid Britain Constructing a Community Through Language Routledge p 127 ISBN 9780415355537 Wagg Stephen 1998 Because I Tell a Joke or Two Comedy Politics and Social Difference Routledge p 73 Bailey Beth L 1988 From Front Porch to Back Seat Courtship in Twentieth Century America Johns Hopkins University p 73 ISBN 9780801836091 Halliwell Martin 2007 American Culture in the 1950s Edinburgh University p 42 Inge M Thomas 1989 Handbook of American Popular Culture Greenwood p 1432 ISBN 9780313254062 Sherrow Victoria 2006 Encyclopedia of Hair A Cultural History Greenwood p 149 ISBN 978 0 313 33145 9 Kuhn Annette 1994 The Women s Companion to International Film University of California p 47 ISBN 978 0 520 08879 5 Hallam Julia 2000 Nursing the Image Media Culture and Professional Identity Routledge p 57 ISBN 9780415184540 a b Ryecroft Christina Moxon David 2001 Human Relationships Heinemann p 29 ISBN 9780435806545 Parkin Katherine J 2007 Food Is Love Advertising and Gender Roles in Modern America University of Pennsylvania Press p 1973 Vettel Becker Patricia 2005 Shooting from the Hip Photography Masculinity and Postwar America University of Minnesota Press p 107 a b c Kehr Dave August 8 2006 New DVD s The Jayne Mansfield Collection The New York Times Archived from the original on January 6 2016 Jordan 2009 p 149 Normal changes in your breasts The Royal Women s Hospital Retrieved May 17 2023 Breast Changes During Pregnancy myhealth alberta ca Retrieved May 17 2023 Star Tistics Celebrity Sleuth 11 1 55 1997 Massey Anne 2000 Hollywood Beyond the Screen Design and Material Culture Oxford Berg p 156 Farrell Beck Jane Gau Colleen 2002 Uplift The Bra in America University of Pennsylvania pp 116 118 Rutsky R L 1999 High Techne Art and Technology from the Machine Aesthetic to the Posthuman University of Minnesota Press p 19 Osgerby Bill 2001 Playboys in Paradise Masculinity Youth and Leisure Style in Modern America Berg Publishers p 109 Kauffman Linda S 1998 Bad Girls and Sick Boys Fantasies in Contemporary Art and Culture University of California p 72 Muller Jurgen 2004 Movies of the 60s Taschen p 5 ISBN 9783822827994 Twiggy in Her One and Only Phase The New York Times May 10 1983 a b c Wilson Earl April 13 1972 Jayne Mansfield s Promotional Campaign Sarasota Herald Tribune p 9 Strait 1992 p 74 a b Mann 1974 p 26 Saxton 1975 p 54 Faris 1994 pp 7 149 Faris 1994 pp 18 148 Strait 1992 pp 97 Glamorous Jayne Mansfield Sleeps on Floor in Mansion The Herald Rock Hill North Carolina September 6 1958 p 18 Strait 1992 pp 67 68 Jayne Mansfield Biography jaynemansfield com Archived from the original on June 18 2012 Faris 1994 p 118 Faris 1994 p 186 Jayne Mansfield Loses Her Shirt Oxnard Press Courier UPI February 9 1959 p 8 Cagle Jess January 15 1993 Jayne Weds Tarzan Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on November 12 2013 No Striptease Just an Accident Claims Mansfield in Rome Star Banner Ocala Florida AP June 8 1962 Saxton 1975 p 95 Strait 1992 pp 115 Luciani Jene 2004 The Bra Book BenBella Books p 127 ISBN 1933771941 Komar Susan April 4 2008 Fans Honor Hollywood Star Jayne Mansfield in Small town Cemetery Pocono Record Archived from the original on February 21 2016 Stylist Rejects Jayne Mansfield The News and Courier August 19 1962 permanent dead link Faris 1994 p 157 a b Strait 1992 p 92 Mundy Michael 1998 Limit The Game is Back with Warring Realtors Los Angeles Archived from the original on April 6 2017 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Strait 1992 p 93 Strait 1992 p 105 Van Bogart Angelo Earnest Brian 2003 Cadillac 100 Years of Innovation Krause Publications p 78 ISBN 978 0 87349 690 2 Denisoff Serge Romanowski William D 1991 Risky Business Rock in Film Transaction Publishers p 64 ISBN 9780887388439 Faris 1994 pp 5 6 Strait 1992 p 212 Kobal John 1981 Hollywood Color Portraits William Morrow amp Company p 150 ISBN 978 0688007539 Landy Marcia 2000 The Historical Film History and Memory in Media Rutgers University Press p 143 ISBN 9780813528564 White David Manning 1975 Popular Culture Ayer Publishing p 67 ISBN 9780405066498 Halliwell Martin 2007 American Culture in The 1950s Edinburgh University p 170 ISBN 9780748618859 Lisanti Tom 2008 Glamour Girls of Sixties Hollywood Seventy five Profiles McFarland pp 12 41 62 88 103 109 111 112 173 203 205 228 236 ISBN 978 0 7864 3172 4 Lane Laura 1957 Eeny Meeny Miny Mo Who will be the first Photoplay March 38 41 Magill Frank N 1998 Chronology of Twentieth century History Arts and Culture Fitzroy Dearborn p 1106 ISBN 9781884964664 Betrock Alan 1993 Jayne Mansfield vs Mamie Van Doren Battle of the Blondes Shake Books ISBN 978 0 9626833 4 3 Mamie Van Doren has Few Regrets in Life The Miami News November 7 1988 p 7 Mother of Actress Mamie Van Doren Dies of Cancer Los Angeles Times August 29 1995 p 6 Archived from the original on November 5 2012 The Night Jayne Mansfield Died June 29 1967 Bob Walker s New Orleans Radio Site Archived from the original on February 17 2007 Retrieved December 13 2006 Jayne Mansfield s Head The New York Times Magazine May 4 1997 Archived from the original on May 20 2015 Retrieved January 1 2015 Mansfield Death Certificate Findadeath Archived from the original on April 4 2012 Retrieved August 14 2007 Jayne Mansfield Snopes com January 3 2001 Retrieved December 13 2006 Underride Guard Everything2 Archived from the original on March 15 2008 Retrieved November 29 2007 United States Congressional Committee on Commerce 1997 Reauthorization of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration p 39 Ashley September 3 2015 Underride Guards The Weird Way A Hollywood Starlet s Death Changed Trucking CDLLife Retrieved June 2 2022 Community Report The Morning Call August 9 1990 Archived from the original on February 2 2016 Jayne Mansfield Rites will be Held Monday The Bonham Daily Favorite June 2 1967 p 3 Circus Like Aura Surrounds Funeral for Jayne Mansfield St Joseph Gazette July 4 1967 p 1 Jayne Mansfield to be buried tomorrow in small town home Tri City Herald AP July 2 1967 p 6 Jayne Mansfield Suit Filed The New York Times June 23 1968 p 22 Ross Martha November 24 2017 The truly essential Hollywood tour Mercury News Los Angeles Bartlett James April 20 2017 A New Improved Hollywood Death Tours and Museum Is Opening Across From Hollywood Forever LA Times Archived from the original on August 2 2018 Retrieved November 27 2017 Hollywood Walk of Fame Hollywood Movie Capital of the World Archived from the original on January 19 2002 a b Chad October 25 2019 Jayne Mansfield Hollywood Walk of Fame Retrieved July 9 2023 SJean Philippe Darquenne Mariska Hargitay son etoile sur la Walk Of Fame Cine Tele Revue O Neil Thomas 2003 Movie Awards The Ultimate Unofficial Guide to the Oscars Golden Globes Critics Guild and Indie Honor Penguin USA p 839 ISBN 978 0 399 52922 1 Retrieved June 24 2012 Faris 1994 pp 24 163 Faris 1994 p 140 Filming in Italy Rough on Star The News and Courier July 27 1962 permanent dead link Faris 1994 p 26 Saxton 1975 p 153 Claudia Luther Jayne Mansfield Estate Depleted of Funds for Heirs Saratosa Herald Tribune page 3E September 30 1977 UPI Jayne Mansfield left a penniless estate Lodi News Sentinel page 12 September 30 1977 AP Mansfield s Children Find Estate Empty The Daily Courier page 8A September 30 1977 Top 10 Hollywood Actresses Playing Dumb Blondes www mensxp com June 4 2013 Retrieved July 9 2023 Ebert Roger Jayne Mansfield 1933 1967 The girl couldn t help it Interviews Roger Ebert www rogerebert com Retrieved July 9 2023 The Smartest Dumbest Blonde Ever HuffPost April 18 2013 Retrieved July 9 2023 Mariska Hargitay www goldenglobes com Retrieved December 11 2020 Faris 1994 p 163 Muir Floralbel August 17 1967 Mansfield Estate Causes Problems The News and Courier p 3 Mansfield s Death Brings Suit The Morning Journal Daytona Beach Florida June 23 1968 p 6 Actresses Estate Settled The Tuscaloosa News February 3 1971 p 22 Jayne Mansfield Named Heir to Lawyer s Estate Reading Eagle August 1 1967 p 24 Faris 1994 p 38 Saxton 1975 p 218 Strait 1992 p 302 Luther Claudia September 30 1977 Jayne Mansfield Estate Depleted of Funds for Heirs Sarasota Herald Tribune p 3 Wallace David 2003 Hollywoodland Thorndike p 284 ISBN 9780786252039 Byles Jeff 2005 Rubble Unearthing the History of Demolition Harmony p 7 ISBN 0 9534787 0 X List of Clients CMG Worldwide Archived from the original on July 28 2013 Biographies editInternet edit Official Biography CMG Worldwide Retrieved July 2 2012 Biography Biography com Archived from the original on July 22 2012 Retrieved July 2 2012 Biography St James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Archived from the original on August 10 2011 Retrieved July 2 2012 Biography Salon com August 6 2001 Retrieved July 2 2012 Hal Erickson Biography Movies amp TV Dept The New York Times Archived from the original on January 30 2013 Retrieved July 2 2012 Timeline Philadelphia Weekly Archived from the original on January 31 2013 Retrieved July 2 2012 Timeline Twoop com Retrieved July 2 2012 Books edit Michael Feeney Callan 1986 Pink Goddess The Jayne Mansfield Story W H Allen ISBN 978 0863791642 Mann May 1974 Jayne Mansfield A Biography Abelard Schuman ISBN 978 0 200 72138 7 Strait Raymond 1974 Tragic Secret Life of Jayne Mansfield Robert Hale ISBN 0709155433 Saxton Martha 1975 Jayne Mansfield and the American Fifties New York Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978 0 395 20289 0 Jackson Jean Pierre 1984 Jayne Mansfield in French Edilig ISBN 2856010814 Luijters Guus June 1988 Sexbomb The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield Secaucus NJ Citadel ISBN 978 0 8065 1049 1 Strait Raymond 1992 Here They Are Jayne Mansfield New York S P I Books ISBN 978 1 56171 146 8 Betrock Alan 1993 Jayne Mansfield Vs Mamie Van Doren Battle of the Blondes A Pictorial History Shake Books ISBN 0962683345 Faris Jocelyn November 1994 Jayne Mansfield A Bio Bibliography Westport CT Greenwood Press ISBN 978 0 313 28544 8 Ferruccio Frank 2007 Diamonds to Dust The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield Outskirts Press ISBN 978 1432712419 Jordan Jessica Hope 2009 The Sex Goddess In American Film 1930 1965 Jean Harlow Mae West Lana Turner and Jayne Mansfield Cambria Press ISBN 978 1 60497 663 2 Ferruccio Frank 2010 Did Success Spoil Jayne Mansfield Her Life in Pictures amp Text Outskirts Press ISBN 978 1432761233 VeVea April 2018 Puffblicity An Appreciation of Jayne Mansfield The 50s Pictures CreateSpace ISBN 978 1978294356 self published source External links editJayne Mansfield at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Data from Wikidata Jayne Mansfield on Flickr Jayne Mansfield arrives in Houston in 1963 KPRC2 video from Texas Archive of the Moving Image Jayne Mansfield s channel on YouTube Jayne Mansfield at IMDb nbsp Jayne Mansfield at the Internet Broadway Database nbsp Jayne Mansfield at the TCM Movie Database nbsp Jayne Mansfield at AllMovie nbsp Jayne Mansfield Vera Jayne Peers Marriage Certificate Archives com Houston Texas State Department of Health Services 1950 Retrieved March 9 2012 subscription required Jayne Mansfield Death Certificate Findadeath com 1967 Archived from the original on April 4 2012 Retrieved March 9 2012 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jayne Mansfield amp oldid 1195608808, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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