Valentin Vydrin in 1999[5] and Coleman Donaldson in 2019[3] indicated that the popularity of writing Manding languages in the standardized N'Ko form is growing. This standardized written form is increasingly used for literacy education among the speakers of different varieties.[6] It is also commonly used in electronic communication.[7]
The standard strives to represent all Manding languages in a way that attempts to show a common "proto-Manding" phonology and the words' etymology, including when the actual pronunciation in modern spoken varieties is significantly different. For example, there is at least one such convention, for representing velars between vowels: [ɡ], [k], [ɣ], [x] or zero may be pronounced, but the spelling will be the same. For example, the word for "name" in Bambara is [tɔɡɔ] and in Maninka it is [tɔɔ], but the standard written N'Ko form is ߕߐ߮tô. In written communication each person will write it in a single unified way using the N'Ko script, and yet read and pronounce it as in their own linguistic variety.
Notesedit
^Sometimes also spelled "N'ko" or "Nko" in English.
Referencesedit
^Donaldson, Coleman (January 2017). "Donaldson, Coleman (2017) Clear Language: Script, Register and the N'ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa. Doctoral Dissertation, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania". pp. 1–303. from the original on 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
^Donaldson, Coleman (January 2017). "Donaldson, Coleman (2017) "Orthography, Standardization and Register: The Case of Manding." In Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery, edited by Pia Lane, James Costa, and Haley De Korne, 175–199. Routledge Critical Studies in Multilingualism. New York, NY: Routledge". Gse Graduate Student Research (2). from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
^ abDonaldson, Coleman (2019-03-01). "Linguistic and Civic Refinement in the N'ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa". Signs and Society. 7 (2): 156–185, 181. doi:10.1086/702554. ISSN 2326-4489. S2CID 181625415.
^"N'Ko Language Tutorial: Introduction". from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
^Oyler, Dianne White (1994) Mande identity through literacy, the N'ko writing system as an agent of cultural nationalism. Toronto : African Studies Association.
^Rosenberg, Tina (2011-12-09). "Everyone Speaks Text Message". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
language, confused, with, alphabet, ߒߞߏ, standardized, unified, koiné, form, several, manding, languages, written, alphabet, used, guinea, guinea, bissau, mali, ivory, coast, burkina, faso, some, other, west, african, countries, primarily, exclusively, written. Not to be confused with N Ko alphabet N Ko a ߒߞߏ is a standardized unified koine form of several Manding languages written in the N Ko alphabet It is used in Guinea Guinea Bissau Mali Ivory Coast Burkina Faso and some other West African countries primarily but not exclusively in written form whereas in speech the different varieties of Manding are used Maninka Bambara Dyula and others N KoߒߞߏRegionGuinea Guinea Bissau Mali West AfricaLanguage familyNiger Congo MandeWestern MandeCentral MandeManding JogoManding VaiManding MokoleMandingN KoWriting systemN Ko scriptLanguage codesISO 639 2 span class plainlinks nqo span ISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code nqo class extiw title iso639 3 nqo nqo a It is a literary register with a prescriptive grammar known as kangbɛ clear language codified by Solomana Kante with the maninkamori variety spoken in Kante s native Kankan region serving as the mediating compromise dialect 1 2 3 4 Valentin Vydrin in 1999 5 and Coleman Donaldson in 2019 3 indicated that the popularity of writing Manding languages in the standardized N Ko form is growing This standardized written form is increasingly used for literacy education among the speakers of different varieties 6 It is also commonly used in electronic communication 7 The standard strives to represent all Manding languages in a way that attempts to show a common proto Manding phonology and the words etymology including when the actual pronunciation in modern spoken varieties is significantly different For example there is at least one such convention for representing velars between vowels ɡ k ɣ x or zero may be pronounced but the spelling will be the same For example the word for name in Bambara is tɔɡɔ and in Maninka it is tɔɔ but the standard written N Ko form is ߕߐ to In written communication each person will write it in a single unified way using the N Ko script and yet read and pronounce it as in their own linguistic variety Notes edit Sometimes also spelled N ko or Nko in English References edit Donaldson Coleman January 2017 Donaldson Coleman 2017 Clear Language Script Register and the N ko Movement of Manding Speaking West Africa Doctoral Dissertation Philadelphia PA University of Pennsylvania pp 1 303 Archived from the original on 2019 02 21 Retrieved 2019 02 21 Donaldson Coleman January 2017 Donaldson Coleman 2017 Orthography Standardization and Register The Case of Manding In Standardizing Minority Languages Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery edited by Pia Lane James Costa and Haley De Korne 175 199 Routledge Critical Studies in Multilingualism New York NY Routledge Gse Graduate Student Research 2 Archived from the original on 2020 06 01 Retrieved 2019 02 21 a b Donaldson Coleman 2019 03 01 Linguistic and Civic Refinement in the N ko Movement of Manding Speaking West Africa Signs and Society 7 2 156 185 181 doi 10 1086 702554 ISSN 2326 4489 S2CID 181625415 N Ko Language Tutorial Introduction Archived from the original on 2021 06 10 Retrieved 2018 12 01 Vydrin Valentin 1999 Manding English Dictionary Maninka Bamana Lac Beauport p 8 ISBN 9780993996931 OCLC 905517929 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Oyler Dianne White 1994 Mande identity through literacy the N ko writing system as an agent of cultural nationalism Toronto African Studies Association Rosenberg Tina 2011 12 09 Everyone Speaks Text Message The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on 2022 02 02 Retrieved 2019 05 24 External links edit nbsp N Ko edition of Wikipedia the free encyclopedia N Ko English French Arabic dictionary at kanjamadi org nbsp This article about Mande languages is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title N 27Ko language amp oldid 1189810648, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
