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Hotel Pennsylvania

January 24, 2023

Coordinates: 40°44′59″N 73°59′26″W / 40.74972°N 73.99056°W / 40.74972; -73.99056

The Hotel Pennsylvania was a historic hotel at 401 Seventh Avenue (15 Penn Plaza) in Manhattan, across the street from Pennsylvania Station and Madison Square Garden in New York City. Opened in 1919, it was once the largest hotel in the world. It remained the fourth largest in New York City when it closed permanently on April 1, 2020. After years of unsuccessful preservation battles, it is being demolished and replaced by 15 Penn Plaza, a 68-story tower.

Hotel Pennsylvania
Hotel Pennsylvania, 2019
General information
Address401 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY
OpeningJanuary 25, 1919
ClosedApril 1, 2020
OwnerVornado Realty Trust
Technical details
Floor count22
Design and construction
Architect(s)McKim, Mead & White
DeveloperPennsylvania Railroad
Other information
Number of rooms2,200 at opening,
1,704 at closing
Website
hotelpenn.com (defunct)

History

In the late 19th century, the site around the Hotel Pennsylvania was mostly residential, with three- and four-story row houses and four- and five-story tenements.[1] The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) had completed the original Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, in 1910.[2] In construction with the railroad station's opening, the PRR had acquired all lots on the eastern side of Seventh Avenue between 31st and 33rd Streets, directly east of the station, though the railroad did not initially develop the sites.[3] The northern site, which became the Hotel Pennsylvania, measured 400 feet (120 m) long on 32nd and 33rd Streets and 197.5 feet (60.2 m) long on Seventh Avenue.[4][5] The southern site was sold in 1921 to Equitable Holdings, which developed 11 Penn Plaza there.[3]

Development

In January 1916, the PRR announced that it would build a 1,000-room hotel on the Seventh Avenue site for about $9 million; the hotel itself would cost $5 million, while the furnishings and land would cost $4 million.[6][7] The hotel was to be designed by McKim, Mead & White,[6][7][4] which had also designed the original Pennsylvania Station.[8] The planned hotel was cited as being either ten[6] or twelve stories.[7][4] The PRR hoped that the hotel's construction would spur development in the surrounding area, particularly after the Interborough Rapid Transit Company's 34th Street–Penn Station subway station opened in two years.[4] In addition, the site was near several major attractions, including multiple Broadway theaters, department stores, and hotels.[9] The PRR wished to compete with the New York Central Railroad, which was concurrently constructing the Commodore Hotel near Grand Central Terminal, as well as attract business travelers and professional conventions.[10]

The PRR hired the George A. Fuller Company as the hotel's general contractor in March 1916;[5][11] the Fuller Company constructed the Pennsylvania and the Commodore simultaneously.[12] The PRR also hired Post & McCord as the steel contractor.[13] The hotel's cost had increased to $11 million by that April; this cost included $7.5 million for the actual hotel, $2.5 million for the land, and $1 million for furnishings.[14] The PRR filed plans for a 20-story hotel in May 1916, to be designed by McKim, Mead & White.[15][16] Initially, the PRR leased the hotel to Franklin J. Matchette for 21 years.[14] In December 1916, Ellsworth M. Statler of the Statler Hotels chain purchased a controlling interest in Matchette's lease.[17][18] Matchette and Statler formed the New York Hotel Statler Company, which issued stock to finance the hotel's construction. Both men initially had a 50 percent stake in the company, but Matchette turned over a 25 percent stake to Statler shortly after the company was established.[19]

The PRR announced in December 1916 that the hotel would be named the Hotel Pennsylvania and that construction of the hotel's foundations would commence the next month.[20] Matchette's firm, the Servidor Company, also provided the hotel's original equipment and furnishings including the doors for each guestroom.[21] The hotel's construction required over 18,000 short tons (16,000 long tons; 16,000 t) of steel and nine million bricks,[22] although some of these materials were difficult to obtain because of World War I restrictions.[12] During construction, in July 1917, one worker was killed by a falling steel girder.[23] In addition, the hotel's dynamo room caught fire and then exploded in April 1918,[24][25] damaging the facade and a sidewalk shed around the hotel.[26] That June, Statler Hotels issued $3 million in bonds to finance the hotel's construction.[27][28] Roy Carruthers was hired as the hotel's first general manager in late 1918.[29] Statler planned to rent rooms within a relatively narrow price range, saying: "I am working on the assumption that New York wants a first-class hotel where the ratio between the minimum and maximum rates will be nearer together than is usually the case."[30]

Statler operation

The Hotel Pennsylvania was formally dedicated on January 25, 1919.[31][32] On that day, 3,000 spectators viewed the hotel, and 2,000 people ate in the main dining room.[31] The Pennsylvania's 2,200 guest rooms and baths made it the largest hotel in the world at the time; it was slightly larger than the Commodore, which opened a few days later on January 28.[33][34] However, only 1,200 rooms were available when the hotel opened,[34] and some of the public rooms were still incomplete.[33] Thirty days after the hotel opened, Statler Hotels started paying $200,000 in annual rent for the site; this amounted to five percent of the hotel building's assessed value of $4 million.[35][36] In addition, Statler would pay six percent of the construction cost each year.[37] One architectural critic wrote that the hotel's completion "marked a great step forward in hotel efficiency", as it had an efficient design that was not overly ornate.[38]

1920s and 1930s

In the hotel's early years, it hosted such events as a charity event for the Jewish Federations of North America,[39] a meeting for veterans,[40] and a showcase of radio equipment.[41] Employees established a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Register in 1921, which according to The Christian Science Monitor was "said to be the only daily newspaper published in a hotel".[42] In addition, the Pennsylvania became the first hotel on the East Coast of the United States to receive telegraph service in 1922.[43] The Pennsylvania remained the world's largest hotel until the late 1920s,[44] when the New Yorker Hotel was constructed.[45]

E. M. Statler managed the hotel until January 1928, when Frank A. Duggan took over as the hotel's manager.[46] After Duggan left for the Hotel McAlpin that April, Statler again became the hotel's manager,[47] although Statler died two weeks later.[48] Following Statler's death, Leo Molony was appointed as the hotel's manager.[49] In 1929, Matchette filed two lawsuits in the New York Surrogate's Court, seeking a combined $10 million in damages from the New York Hotel Statler Company Inc. and Ellsworth Statler's estate. Matchette claimed that Statler had given excessive salaries to himself and his family members and that Statler had mismanaged the hotel's construction.[19] Matchette filed four lawsuits in the New York Supreme Court in 1930, seeking $17.5 million in damages from Statler's estate, the Hotel Statler Company, and the directors of the hotel company.[50][51]

PRR received a $5 million mortgage loan from Prudential Insurance in 1933, replacing two loans that the hotel had received in 1917 and 1923.[52] The Automobile Club of New York moved its headquarters to the hotel in 1933,[53] and the hotel's Madhattan Room, decorated with cartoons depicting life in New York City, opened the same year.[54] The hotel continued to host large events in the 1930s, including ping-pong matches,[55] home equipment exhibitions,[56] National Board of Review conferences,[57] and architects' conventions.[58] Molony managed the hotel until January 1937, when Duggan replaced him.[59] James H. McCabe became the hotel's manager that June after Duggan was promoted to a vice president within Statler Hotels.[60]

1940s and 1950s

Statler Hotels agreed to buy the property outright from the Pennsylvania Railroad on June 30, 1948.[61][62] Statler Hotels president Arthur F. Douglas officially took over the hotel that August,[63] paying approximately $13 million.[64] The Statler chain renovated the hotel's main dining room, Cafe Rouge, that year.[65] The Pennsylvania was renamed the Hotel Statler on January 1, 1949.[66][67] The hotel's managers had supported the name change because the Pennsylvania had hosted Statler Hotels' main offices for many years.[64] Statler Hotels spent $200,000 on replacing items with the hotel's old name or initial, including nearly 800,000 pieces of linen, 127,000 pieces of china, and 134,000 pieces of silver.[64][68] The hotel also replaced signs in subway stations and sent notices to 300,000 people who held Statler-branded credit cards. The hotel was branded as the "Hotel Statler, formerly the Hotel Pennsylvania" for two years after the name change.[68]

Mid-to-late 20th century

Hilton operation

In August 1954, Conrad Hilton acquired a controlling interest in all 17 of Statler Hotels' properties, including the Hotel Statler.[69][70] Hilton paid an estimated $76 million for the controlling stake.[70] At the time, Hilton already owned multiple large hotels in New York City.[71] Hilton was installing air conditioners in all of the hotel's guestrooms by early 1956.[72] The hotel became The Statler Hilton in 1958.[73] Over the years, the hotel was reduced to 1,592 rooms. Many of the smaller rooms had been combined to create larger suites with alcoves for businessmen.[74] In 1960, Hilton renovated the hotel at a cost of $1 million. The work included the reduction of the original two-story lobby to one story, to add more meeting space.[75]

Zeckendorf and Abelco/Penta operation

In January 1979, Hilton Hotels agreed to sell the New York Statler Hilton to developer William Zeckendorf Jr. for $24 million.[74][76][77] At the time, the hotel had 1,756 rooms.[77] Hilton completed its sale in May 1979,[78] recording an estimated after-tax profit of $8.8 million.[79] The hotel was renamed the New York Statler and was operated by Dunfey Hotels, a division of Aer Lingus.[77][80] Dunfey Hotels sought to market the hotel to business travelers and conventions.[80] During April 1981, the hotel was affected by two fires in as many weeks; the second fire caused damage to the grand ballroom.[81]

The hotel was sold again in August 1983 for $46 million. A half-interest in the hotel was acquired by Abelco, an investment group consisting of developers Elie Hirschfeld, Abraham Hirschfeld, and Arthur G. Cohen, and the other half was bought by the Penta Hotels chain, a joint venture of British Airways, Lufthansa, and Swissair.[82][83] The new owners renamed the hotel the New York Penta.[83][84][85] Anna Quindlen of The New York Times Magazine wrote: "Real New Yorkers, who will be damned if they will call Sixth Avenue Avenue of the Americas, still call it the Statler."[86] The owners renovated the facade and the public spaces,[82] creating two restaurant spaces within the hotel. They also refurbished its 1,705 guestrooms, combining some of the rooms to create larger suites.[84] The project was expected to cost $23 million and was timed to coincide with the completion of Javits Center on the west side of Manhattan.[87] Despite the cost of the renovation, the Abelco/Penta partnership planned to retain the hotel's $100 nightly room rates.[85]

A grand reopening celebration for the Penta was held from December 7 to 10, 1985.[88] It was one of two major structures to open on the west side of Midtown Manhattan that month, the other being the Axa Equitable Center.[89] The Penta's owners hired James Parry Inc. as the hotel's marketing agency. When James Parry Inc. shuttered in 1988, the hotel's partners hired Kirshenbaum & Bond as the Penta Hotel's new agency.[90]

Ramada and Best Western operation

In 1991, the Hirschfelds acquired the Penta Hotels chain's stake in the hotel.[91][92] The hostelry was renamed the Ramada Pennsylvania Hotel in April 1991, two weeks after the Penta chain exited the venture.[92] Hampton Hotels Co. took over the hotel's operation in 1993.[91][93] The hotel remained the third-largest in New York City, after the New York Hilton Midtown and the Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel. Hampton Hotels spent $15 million on renovations over the next two years.[91] In advance of the 1992 Democratic National Convention, the hotel's owners spent $4 million to $6 million on renovations, including a refurbishment of the lobby.[94] By the early 1990s, celebrities no longer frequented the Ramada Pennsylvania, which tried to attract guests by offering discounts for guests' pets.[95] A Sports Authority store at the hotel's base was announced in 1993,[96] and it opened the following year, within the hotel's former bar and mezzanine.[97]

The board of directors of the Best Western hotel chain voted in November 1993 to rename the hotel New York's Hotel Pennsylvania, pending an inspection of the hotel's quality.[93] The Image Group leased the hotel's ballrooms in February 1995 for twenty years, converting the seldom-used ballrooms into television studios.[98][99] Best Western also added a business center to the hotel the same year, equipped with fax machines, computers, and televisions.[100] At that point, the Pennsylvania no longer had any restaurants, and guest-service directories instead listed restaurants near the hotel.[101] Hirschfeld rebranded the hotel as the Hotel Pennsylvania in 1995,[91] and he placed the hotel for sale in April 1996 for $150 million.[102] Hirschfeld had installed Lover's Bench, a bronze sculpture depicting a nude couple and a partly clothed woman, outside the Pennsylvania's entrance. The sculpture was ultimately removed in 1997.[103]

Vornado acquisition

Planet Hollywood plans

In June 1997, Vornado Realty Trust and Singaporean developer Ong Beng Seng agreed to buy the hotel for $159 million.[104] Vornado and Ong sought to convert the Pennsylvania to a sports-themed hotel operated by Planet Hollywood (in which Ong held a large stake),[105] citing the hotel's proximity to Madison Square Garden.[106] The plans were complicated by the fact that the Riese family held a long-term lease on commercial space at the Pennsylvania.[105][107] At the end of June 1997, Vornado paid $75 million to terminate the Rieses' lease and acquire several buildings that the family owned nearby.[105] Vornado and Ong finalized their acquisition on September 25, 1997, with plans to convert the Pennsylvania into Planet Hollywood's first Official All Star Hotel.[108][109] Vornado and Ong would each own a 40 percent stake in the hotel, while Planet Hollywood would own 20 percent.[109][110] The Official All Star Hotel plan was announced amid a revival in tourism in New York City,[111] as well as demand for office space in Penn Plaza.[112] The hotel's renovation was expected to cost about $200 million.[113] Vornado would operate about 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) of commercial and office space at the hotel.[109]

The planned conversion did not happen, as Planet Hollywood suffered major financial losses in the late 1990s.[114][115] Vornado bought out Ong's 40 percent stake in the hotel in early 1998 for $70 million,[116][117] paying $22 million in cash and taking on $48 million in debt.[117] When Ong decided to sell his stake, many Asian companies were selling off real estate in New York City.[118] Vornado Realty Trust transferred the hotel's management to a subsidiary, Vornado Operating Company, in October 1998 because of regulations concerning non-real-estate holdings of real estate investment trusts.[119] Vornado then acquired the remaining 20 percent stake from Planet Hollywood in August 1999 for $42 million, paying $18 million in cash and assuming $24 million in debt.[114][115] Vornado thus obtained full ownership of the hotel.[104][114] The Planet Hollywood transaction valued the hotel at $216 million.[104] By late 1999, to attract business travelers, the Hotel Pennsylvania was advertising rooms at $150 to $300 per night.[120]

2000s

As early as 2001, a Lehman Brothers analyst said that Vornado officials were considering replacing the hotel with a 50- to 60-story tower.[121] Through the 2000s, the hotel remained popular enough that its managers trademarked the slogan "World's Most Popular Hotel" in 2002.[122] However, the hotel had become noticeably rundown, and guests reported bedbug infestations, darkened windows, and dirty carpets, among other things. By the mid-2000s, Vornado officials said the hotel was merely "a placeholder, sort of like a parking lot".[122][123] Observer described the hotel as having "devolved into a cheap, decrepit tourist trap more commonly associated with reported bedbug attacks than big-band nostalgia".[124] The hotel was divided into two sections by then: the main hotel and the more upscale Penn 5000 Club.[125] Vornado also rented out some of the hotel's space to small businesses during the 2000s,[126] and the T. R. Engle Group gradually renovated the hotel's lobby and rooms during this decade.[127] As part of the planning process for the 7 Subway Extension, in 2003, city and state officials determined that the Hotel Pennsylvania was eligible for official landmark protections on the city, state, and national levels.[10]

With the redevelopment of west Midtown in the mid-2000s, the Hotel Pennsylvania was again being considered as a prime site for redevelopment.[128] In early 2007, Vornado announced plans to demolish the hotel and develop the 15 Penn Plaza skyscraper there,[44][129] as part of a redevelopment of the area around Penn Station.[130] Vornado intended to complete the 2,500,000-square-foot (230,000 m2) building by 2011,[131][132] marketing the tower to financial tenants.[129] At the time, there was little interest in protecting the hotel as a landmark.[124] Investment firm Merrill Lynch & Co. announced plans to relocate from lower Manhattan to the skyscraper that October.[133][134] Had the hotel been demolished at that time, Vornado would have been required to maintain a "museum-quality" exhibit of the Hotel Pennsylvania's history in the new building's lobby.[135] Ultimately, Merrill Lynch opted to move to the World Financial Center in January 2008,[136][137] in part because of the firm's financial troubles.[138] At a conference call in June 2008, Roth said he was considering downsizing his planned development or renovating the Hotel Pennsylvania.[139]

The redevelopment plans prompted the staff of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly, a magazine that sponsored biennial HOPE hacker conventions at the hotel, began investigating possible ways to save the hotel from demolition.[140] They were joined by the new Save the Hotel Pennsylvania Foundation (later the Hotel Pennsylvania Preservation Society[141]), whose members included a number of city organizations and politicians to aid in designating the hotel as a landmark, including the Historic Districts Council, Manhattan Community Board 5, and Assemblyman Richard Gottfried.[142] In November 2007, Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 21-8 in support of a landmark designation.[143] Three months later, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) rejected the landmark request.[144] Emmanuel Goldstein of 2600 noted that while people overseas expressed concern over the fate of the hotel:

New Yorkers might not care enough to get involved. The hotel was old; the rooms weren't as big and luxurious as other more modern facilities; and New Yorkers simply weren't in a position to grasp the importance of such a place since they normally don't need cheap and easily accessible hotels if they already live here.[145]

2010s

In May 2010, the hotel was again in danger of demolition.[146] Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer gave a conditional approval[147][148] overruling Manhattan Community Board 5.[149] The LPC reviewed the hotel's Cafe Rouge for landmark status[150] based on a request by the Hotel Pennsylvania Preservation Society,[141] but on October 22, 2010, the LPC declined to designate the cafe as a landmark.[151] On July 14, 2010, the New York City Department of City Planning voted unanimously in favor of the construction of the tower.[152] On August 23, 2010, the NYC Council voted to approve the proposed Uniform Land Use Review Procedure submitted by the building owners.[153][3] In December 2011, Vornado announced a delay in the demolition of the hotel because it was financially infeasible to do so at the moment.[154] Steven Roth said in March 2013 that he wanted to renovate the hotel instead of demolishing it.[155][156]

 
Hotel Pennsylvania entrance in 2011

By 2014, Vornado was again looking to develop a skyscraper on the Hotel Pennsylvania's site.[157][158] Due to uncertainty over the site's future, Roth opted not to renovate the hotel during the mid-2010s.[158] In the hotel's final years, the mezzanine levels above the lobby were operated as a separate business, the Penn Plaza Pavilion, a series of raw spaces used as function facilities. They were the site of numerous trade shows and conventions, including the annual Big Apple Comic Con.[159] The guestrooms were frequented by students and shoppers who sought discounted room rates.[160]

In March 2018, Vornado renewed special permits from the City Planning Commission to develop 15 Penn Plaza on the Hotel Pennsylvania's site. In an April 2018 letter to investors, Roth mentioned the demolition and 15 Penn skyscraper plan as a continued option, but also described Vornado as being at "a tipping point" with regard to redeveloping the Pennsylvania into a "giant convention/entertainment hotel".[161] In June 2019, Vornado unsuccessfully tried to lure Facebook to rent space in the proposed office building, with a new design done by Rafael Viñoly.[162][163][164]

Closure and demolition

The hotel was forced to close in April 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[165] Seeing an opportunity to redevelop the site, Steven Roth again contemplated closing the hotel permanently.[166] Roth announced plans in April 2021 to replace the hotel with a skyscraper,[167][168] now known as Penn15.[169] According to Roth, "the hotel math has deteriorated significantly over the last five years", and the benefits of continuing to operate the hotel were outweighed by the drawbacks of maintenance, taxes, and lack of demand.[170] Several groups, such as the Hotel Trades Council, supported the plans for redeveloping the Pennsylvania's site.[171] By then, the hotel had been neglected for several years. Christopher Bonanos of Curbed wrote: "Architecturally, it is like a lot of early-20th-century midsize hotels and office buildings around the city, only larger; it is surely a better-quality example from its period [...] Even if you're a hardcore preservationist, your energies might be better spent elsewhere."[160]

In late 2021, International Content Liquidations finished selling the hotel's contents in preparation for demolition. Items for sale included chandeliers and lighting, guest room furniture, unused mattresses and linens, televisions, the entirety of the hotel's fitness center and commercial kitchens, banquet tables and chairs, and the original, historic guest room doors known as Servidors.[172] The hotel's demolition began in January 2022, and the main entrance was converted to a turnstile for demolition workers.[173] The Pennsylvania caught fire on February 7, 2022, while it was being demolished.[165][174] By the middle of that year, demolition of the hotel had resumed.[175]

Architecture

The Hotel Pennsylvania was designed by William Symmes Richardson of McKim, Mead & White.[176] The hotel measured 22 stories high, including the street level and the rooftop; there was also a three-story penthouse.[177][178] The hotel's design was intended not only to complement that of the original Penn Station, which was demolished in 1963, but also that of the General Post Office one block west, which still exists.[10]

Form and facade

The first four stories occupied nearly the entire site.[177][179] The hotel was set back 15 feet (4.6 m) from the property line on Seventh Avenue, creating a plaza in front of the hotel's entrance.[180][181][182] The plaza had been intended as a forecourt for the original Penn Station, though the hotel's height blunted this effect. When the PRR had leased the site to the hotel's original operators, the lease agreement included a clause that prevented the hotel's operators from constructing any structure, except for an entrance portico, on the westernmost 15 feet of the site for twenty-one years.[3] Three light courts on the southern facade, each measuring 40 feet (12 m) wide, divided the hotel into four wings that faced south.[181][182][183] Each wing measured 54 feet (16 m) wide. There was another light court facing eastward toward the former Gimbels department store (now Manhattan Mall), which measured 50 feet (15 m) wide.[183] The two western wings collectively contained 1,000 rooms, while the two eastern wings collectively contained 1,200 rooms.[181][182]

The Indiana Limestone facade of the lower stories was intentionally designed to closely mirror the architecture of the station. A colonnade of Ionic-style pilasters divided the lowest three stories vertically into bays, with lightly rusticated walls between each set of pilasters.[179][184] Over the years, the first three stories were modified significantly, and storefronts with various signs and awnings were installed.[10] In the center of the Seventh Avenue facade was a portico of six Ionic columns marking the main entrance.[3][184] This portico protruded 6 feet (1.8 m) from the facade, although it remained well within the property line.[3] When the entrance was widened in the hotel's later years, four of the columns were truncated to make way for a marquee.[10] The fourth story was faced in plain ashlar.[179][184]

Above the fourth story, the facade was made of buff-colored and gray brick.[185] Over the years, the windows on the upper stories were replaced in a piecemeal fashion, and numerous signs were installed on the facade. Near the end of the hotel's existence, the upper stories contained aluminum windows of various designs.[186] The top three stories contained a colonnade of pilasters, above which was a cornice made of terracotta.[185] Sometime during the hotel's existence, a half-story penthouse was installed above part of the cornice.[187]

Above the westernmost wing was a roof garden with a restaurant, which was topped by the elevator penthouse.[185] The roof restaurant had a simple design, with a plaster vaulted ceiling supported by a colonnade, which formed a central hall with aisles. The walls were of plaster above a tile wainscoting, and the restaurant had simple details, which allowed the decorations to be changed between different seasons.[188] The second-westernmost wing contained an outdoor lounge, connected to the restaurant by a wide bridge. When the hotel opened, the roofs of the two eastern wings were left undeveloped.[185]

Mechanical features

The hotel received electricity from three sources: a power generator in the building and two power stations outside of it.[189][190] The hotel received steam from a nearby plant on 32nd Street, and the subbasement also contained a 500-kilowatt (670 hp) steam-driven generator. The hotel also received alternating current from a PRR substation in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens.[190][191] Cables carried power from the substation to a room in the hotel's basement, which contained five banks of transformers. Two of the banks of transformers supplied the hotel's lighting system, while the other three banks supplied a set of rotary converters.[192] The lights were operated from three sets of circuits, allowing some parts of the hotel to remain illuminated even if a blackout affected the entire hotel.[189]

The ventilation system contained 27 motors, which powered fans that ventilated the air from all of the hotel's bathrooms. In addition, a pair of 20-horsepower (15 kW) motors powered a vacuum system that collected dust from 487 openings throughout the hotel.[189] The hotel received water from the city's water supply system, which supplied ice machines, faucets, and mechanical equipment. The water-drainage system included sewers to the city's sewage system, as well as sump pumps that drained water from the basements.[193]

As built, there were two banks of six passenger elevators, which all ran from the basement to the roof.[194][195] The elevators could be configured so that one bank only served the upper floors and the lobby, while the other bank only served the lower floors. The southeast corner of the hotel contained two elevators which connected the lobby to the subway and railroad stations. Closer to 33rd Street, two elevators ran from ground level to the ballrooms 25 feet (7.6 m) above. Three elevators, at the eastern end of the hotel, ran from the basement to the kitchen on the first mezzanine level, stopping at the driveway.[194] There were also eight service elevators and six dumbwaiters. One of the service elevators operated at a slightly slower speed than the remaining service elevators and all of the passenger elevators.[194][195]

Interior

The public rooms were largely on the lower floors.[178][180] The ground level was largely designed in an Italian style.[196] The hotel also had 24,000 square feet (2,200 m2) for exhibitions and 58,000 square feet (5,400 m2) of ballrooms.[82] Large portions of the interiors were clad in Mycenaean marble, including corridors, stairways, and elevator lobbies.[197] Prior to the hotel's demolition, most of the interior spaces were substantially altered.[187]

Basements

There were three floor levels below the street. The first basement contained main and auxiliary kitchens, grill room, lunch room, barber shop, and bathroom.[198] The grill room was designed to resemble an Italian garden with bright colors; its columns and walls contained sgraffito decorations.[188] The sub-basement mezzanine only covered part of the site and contained the hotel's workshops, service dining rooms, and locker rooms. The sub-basement contained laundry rooms for staff and guests; refrigerating, pumping, and filtering plants; and machine rooms.[198]

The first basement level also contained a direct entrance to the 34th Street–Penn Station on the New York City Subway's IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (later serving the 1, ​2, and ​3 trains). In addition, there were underpasses leading to the railroad station at 32nd and 33rd Streets;[198][199] these underpasses were outside of the subway station's fare control area.[199] Under 33rd Street was a connection to the Gimbels passageway,[198] which opened in 1920[200][201] and was shuttered in 1986.[202] The Gimbels passageway led east to the 34th Street–Herald Square station and to the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (later PATH)'s 33rd Street station.[9][14] Further connections to Madison Square Garden and the current Pennsylvania Station were built in the late 20th century.[82] The hotel also contained direct subway entrances from the street to the platform, though these entrances had deteriorated significantly by the early 1990s.[203]

Ground level

At ground level were the main lobby, office, dining room, tea room, men's cafe, bar, and main serving pantry.[180][204] There were various shops that could be accessed both from the street and from inside the hotel, as well as a florist shop, telegraph office, public telephones, and check rooms at ground level.[180]

Lobby

The two-story main lobby was accessible from the main entrance on Seventh Avenue and from one entrance each on 32nd and 33rd Streets.[179][205] The lobby, measuring 70 by 133 feet (21 by 41 m),[179] was described by the New-York Tribune as the largest in the city.[178] It was surrounded by 16 fluted columns,[178][179] designed in the Doric order.[205] Both the columns and the lobby's walls were made of Botticino marble. In addition, the lobby originally contained multicolored carpets and walnut furniture, including a walnut registration desk near 32nd Street.[179] The lobby's ceiling measured 35 feet (11 m) high[179][205] and had a two-color steel-and-glass skylight,[190][191] designed by G. Rae & Co.[10][179] Above the skylight were reflectors,[190][191] which provided gold-tinted illumination;[204][205] workers replaced the reflectors using a set of trolley tracks.[195] The lobby was flanked by a promenade to the north and south.[206] By the early 21st century, the skylight had been removed and the columns had been reclad multiple times, but the floor was extant.[187]

At the mezzanine level was a gallery that surrounded the lobby.[178] The mezzanine also contained the lounging and writing rooms, a library, a large exhibition space, a hairdresser's shop, and the maitre d'hotel's office.[178][180] The writing room, opening off the southern side of the mezzanine, was designed in a Jacobean style and was paneled in oak.[204][207][208] The writing room's bookshelves extended nearly to the top of the plaster ceiling,[207] which contained molded centerpieces that represented 16th-century printers' marks.[208] From the mezzanine's gallery, a short flight of steps led to the ballroom floor.[188]

The upper level of the two-story lobby was severed from the room by Hilton in 1960, during major renovations, which reduced the lobby to one story.[209] The mezzanine level floor was extended over the lobby, creating 30,000 sq ft of new exhibition space for conventions, giving the hotel the largest such facilities in the country at the time.[210] In the mid-1990s, part of the mezzanine became a Sports Authority store.[97][211]

Other ground-level spaces

The Men's Cafe was just south of the main entrance and could also be accessed directly from the street. It contained a chestnut-paneled ceiling, tiled floors, Georgian and Flemish-inspired light fixtures,[179][212] as well as a fireplace and grill on one wall.[213] Just north of the main entrance was a Tuscan-style bar, which had wood paneling, stone walls and ceiling and a mosaic tile floor.[206][207] Later known as the Penn Bar, the space had become a storefront by the mid-1990s.[97] East of the main lobby was the Tea Room, designed in the Adam style with arches and murals on the wall,[204][206] as well as mirrored panels, Chinese-style carpets, and a decorative plaster ceiling.[207] The Tea Room was surrounded by an extension of the lobby's promenade,[206] which contained Caen stone walls and Italian furniture.[207]

The main restaurant, most famously known later on as the Cafe Rouge,[44] was a double-height space to the south of the tea room.[204][206] The Cafe Rouge measured approximately 60 by 140 feet (18 by 43 m), with a ceiling height of approximately 20 feet (6.1 m).[204][206][214] It consisted of a central space flanked on either side by a terrace measuring 18 inches (46 cm) high.[214] At the end of each terrace was a colonnade of four columns.[204][206] Both the wall base and door trim were made of terracotta, while the walls were artificial limestone. The beamed ceiling had various carvings in the Italian and French Renaissance styles, and the ceiling itself was painted to increase the perceived height of the room.[204][206][214] The east end of the cafe had a large floor-to-ceiling fountain. A bandstand was located on the central floor of the room on the exterior wall.[214]

The easternmost 50 feet (15 m) of the first floor, under the eastern light court, contained two parallel driveways, as well as a service driveway with loading platforms. Elevators led to workshops on the upper floors and the storage rooms and kitchen in the basement, and a conveyor belt connected with a baggage storage area on the mezzanine. At the extreme east end was a driveway for the adjacent Gimbels store, which contained elevators and a loading platform.[198] Between the Gimbels store and the Pennsylvania Hotel was a shopping arcade, which was built in 1919. Originally known as the Pennsylvania Arcade, it was known as Gallery 34 by the 1990s.[215]

Ballroom floor

The ballroom floor, above the lobby's mezzanine, contained a flexible entertainment area with a grand foyer and ballroom, two large parlors, banquet room and foyer, and three smaller dining rooms.[180][207] The ballrooms had their own stair and elevator from 33rd Street,[179][205] which led to a grand foyer flanked by parlors.[204][188] The ballroom facilities covered 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) and were 30 feet (9.1 m) high.[98][99] Each of the ballrooms was a large, open space without columns.[98]

The main ballroom alone covered 10,366 square feet (963.0 m2) and was one of the largest hotel ballrooms in New York City,[216] having been planned with a capacity of 1,200 people.[30] The main ballroom was on the south side of the building, directly over the main dining room,[188] and measured 72 by 114 feet (22 by 35 m).[207] It had a vaulted ceiling with Italian arabesques and was surrounded on three sides by a gallery with boxes.[188][204][207] Two silk-and-crystal chandeliers illuminated the space.[188] The banquet room, on the north side of the same floor, had white-oak floors and a foyer with artificial stone walls. The private dining rooms were designed in the Georgian style.[188][204] The ballroom floor was served by a large banquet kitchen, and the ballrooms could host one large event or multiple smaller events simultaneously.[180]

In 1995, the main ballroom was converted into a television studio measuring 75 by 145 feet (23 by 44 m) across. The areas around the main ballroom were converted into offices, conference rooms, telecommunications facilities, and audience rooms.[99] The studio was used to tape television shows including The People's Court,[217] Idiot Savants,[218] Maury, Sally Jessy Raphael, 2 Minute Drill, and The Opposition with Jordan Klepper.[219] In 2009, the studios in the hotel were rebuilt and consolidated into a new 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) studio for the sitcom Sherri.[220] The television studios continued to operate through the 2010s.[187]

Other public spaces

Half a story above the ground floor were hotel executives' offices, baggage and parcel rooms, a print shop, and staff dining rooms. A conveyor belt connected the baggage room to a service driveway on the eastern end of the building.[180]

The second mezzanine and the entire second floor contained service bedrooms, storerooms, sewing and linen rooms, and a telephone exchange. When the hotel opened, American Architect said the telephone exchange was "the largest of its kind ever built".[180] The eastern end of the fifth floor contained two Turkish baths, one for men and one for women.[178][185] The women's bath was accessed by a stair from the sixth floor.[185] The hotel also originally contained a swimming pool with filtered water.[197]

Guest rooms

Guest rooms started at the fifth story, above the roofline of the original Penn Station.[9] There were 17 stories of guest rooms, each of which contained a central corridor flanked by bedrooms. Each story contained an average of 125 rooms, and the larger rooms were generally concentrated in the western part of the hotel. Each room contained its own bathroom; some of the larger guest rooms had bathrooms that faced outward toward the street, while other guest rooms had bathrooms that faced inward toward the corridor.[178][185] Two of the guest room floors contained living and reception rooms, dining rooms, pantries and bedrooms, which could arranged into different suites with three to ten rooms.[178][185] In the two eastern wings, three of the upper floors contained large guest rooms with large closets.[185] Each guest room floor contained its own "floor clerk", stationed outside the elevators, which acted as concierges for their respective stories. There was also a pantry,[194] as well as a fire lookout station and an electrical clock system, on each story.[191][194]

Each guest room contained a Servidor, a valet guest room door with exterior and compartments used for various services. These allowed guests to give the valet their clothes to be pressed and shoes to be polished without fully opening the door,[21][178][221] as well enabling servants to deliver newspapers, room service, and other deliveres. The items could be delivered to the guest without disturbing them by placing the items within the hall side of the compartment.[34] The Servidor doors, a marvel at the time of their construction, were still in place when the hotel was demolished. A few have been saved grom destruction to be preserved.[160] The guest rooms also contained Chippendale furniture; each room typically contained a bed, two chairs, a writing desk, and a dresser. Curtains were hung from cornices or rods, and there were radiators on the ceilings and walls.[207] The bathrooms in each guestroom contained a shower.[221] To reduce the complexity of the electrical equipment, each guest room was originally equipped with a telephone that could only be used for room service.[194] To send messages, guests had to contact their floor clerks,[195] who then sent the messages using telautograph machines or pneumatic tubes.[194][195]

Notable guests and events

The hotel hosted multiple notable guests in its early years. On May 6 and 8, 1924, Harry Houdini debunked Joaquin María Argamasilla, a 19-year-old Spaniard who claimed he had X-ray vision.[222] In December 1925, William Faulkner stayed at the Pennsylvania while writing one of his many novels; he subsequently received the Nobel Prize in Literature.[223] Galveston crime boss Johnny Jack Nounes threw a $40,000 party at the Pennsylvania in the 1920s, inviting silent film starts Clara Bow and Nancy Carroll, who were said to have bathed in tubs of champagne.[224] Herbert Hoover spoke before the Ohio Society of New York at the Hotel Pennsylvania in November 1935.[225] The American Russian Institute presented its first annual award to the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Hotel Pennsylvania in 1946,[226] and Edwin H. Land demonstrated his invention of an instant camera at the hotel in 1947.[227]

U.S. Army bacteriologist Frank Olson died after he crashed through a window on the 10th floor in 1953;[228] the U.S. government first described his death as a suicide, and then as misadventure, while others alleged that he was murdered.[229] Fidel Castro stayed at the Statler Hilton in 1959, shortly after he became the leader of Cuba.[230][231] Gameel al-Batouti (who was first officer of EgyptAir Flight 990 when it crashed in 1997, killing all 217 people aboard) was reportedly sexually promiscuous with female staff[232] and was nearly banned from the hotel.[233]

The Statler also hosted delegates during several Democratic National Convention meetings at Madison Square Garden.[82] During the 1976 convention,[234] the Statler allocated 80 percent of its rooms to delegates;[235] In advance of the 1980 convention, the Statler spent $5 million just on preparations, which included a "fast food" delicatessen as well as a kitchen in an elevator.[236] Other events at the hotel included Esto 92, an Estonian heritage festival that had booked the entire hotel at the beginning of the 1992 DNC convention,[94][237] as well as the 1994 edition of the Gay Games.[238] By the 2000s, the hotel hosted hundreds of dogs every year during the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.[239][240] The hotel's other events in the 2000s included auditions for reality TV show America's Next Top Model.[241]

Cafe Rouge

Main article: Cafe Rouge (Hotel Pennsylvania)

Big band era

The hotel's main dining room, later named the Cafe Rouge, was known for several decades as a major venue for big bands.[74][242] Numerous acclaimed musicians performed at the Cafe Rouge, including Count Basie, the Dorsey Brothers, Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, and Fred Waring.[242] In the late 1930s and early 1940s, the Cafe Rouge had a big band remote connection to the NBC Red Network (after 1942, the NBC Radio Network) and became known for the performances held inside.

One evening in November 1939, while in the midst of a steady long-term engagement at the Cafe Rouge, bandleader Artie Shaw left the bandstand between sets and decided to quit his own band on the spot.[243] Shaw's principal orchestrator from 1937 to 1939, Jerry Gray, was immediately hired by Miller as a staff arranger when Shaw deserted his band.[244] The Glenn Miller Orchestra also had repeated long-term bookings in the Cafe Rouge from 1940 to 1942, when the band was broken up.[245] Miller's orchestra broadcast from the cafe; some were recorded by RCA Victor.[246][247] Les Brown's band, with its vocalist Doris Day, introduced their song "Sentimental Journey" at the Cafe Rouge in 1944.[248] The cafe was closed for renovation during mid-1948.[65]

Other spaces in the hotel were also used for musical performances. Before air-conditioning became popular, major bands performed in the hotel's roof garden ballroom during the summer.[243] In addition, Benny Goodman's band frequented the hotel's Madhattan Room[44][249] and started performing there in late 1936.[250][251]

Use as event venue

In later years, the former Cafe Rouge space within the structure operated separately from the hotel business, with a separate address and entrance at 145 West 32nd Street. In 2007, for the Garden in Transit project, adhesive weatherproof paintings of flowers attached to taxicabs in New York City were painted inside the cafe.[252] Numerous events from the 2013 New York Fashion Week were held in the Cafe Rouge.[253] In 2014, the Cafe Rouge space was converted to an indoor basketball court known as Terminal 23, celebrating the launch of the Melo M10 by the Jordan Brand division of Nike.[254][255] In its final years, the room operated as Station 32, a rental function/event space.[256]

Impact

In media

  • The Muppet character Statler of Statler and Waldorf was named after the hotel, when it was the Statler Hilton.[257]
  • The New York Penta Hotel appeared in the 1986 film The Manhattan Project as the setting of a science fair. Rather than construct a set and populate it with actors, the filmmakers hosted an actual science fair in the hotel and filmed as it was going on.

Phone number

Early in its existence, the hotel was assigned the phone number (212) 736-5000. The phone number was more commonly known as PEnnsylvania 6-5000, as written in the 2L+5N (two letters, five numbers) format that was common in the mid-20th century; the two letters stood for the telephone exchange.[258][259] The number may have been assigned after the 2L+5N format was introduced in 1930.[260] With the implementation of the North American Numbering Plan, the area code 212 was added to the number.[259] Initially, all of the hotel's landlines used this number.[261] During Glenn Miller's 1940 engagement at the hotel, Jerry Gray wrote the tune "Pennsylvania 6-5000" (with lyrics later added by Carl Sigman[262]) that made use of the hotel's telephone number.[263]

Although the hotel's owners claimed that (212) 736-5000 was "the oldest continuously in-service telephone number in New York",[264] the veracity of this claim is disputed.[265][266] Phone numbers in New York City existed as early as the 1880s,[265] and the phone number may have been changed at some point before 1992.[266] The hotel still carried the number when it became the Penta in 1983.[267][242] A Toronto Star reported in 1993 that, when he dialed (212) 736-5000, a live operator at the Ramada Pennsylvania spoke to him while the song "Pennsylvania 6-5000" played in the background.[268] By 1996, a writer for the Chicago Tribune reported that an automated voice was directing callers to press a button to access one of the hotel's departments.[266] Steven Roth said in 2022 that Penn15 would retain the phone number (212) 736-5000, although he did not specify how the phone number would be reassigned.[264]

Gallery

  •  

    Exterior of Hotel Pennsylvania

  •  

    General view of the exterior of Hotel Pennsylvania

  •  

    The Foyer

  •  

    The Main Lobby

  •  

    Details of the Lobby Colonnade

  •  

    The Corridor of the Lobby

  •  

    Detail of The Main Lobby

  •  

    The Main Restaurant of Hotel Pennsylvania, The Cafe Rouge

  •  

    View of the terrace in The Cafe Rouge

  •  

    View of the east wall of The Cafe Rouge

  •  

    View of the west wall of The Cafe Rouge

  •  

    The fountain of The Cafe Rouge

  •  

    Detail of The Cafe Rouge

  •  

    The Palm Room

  •  

    Detail of the Palm Room

  •  

    The Grand Ballroom

  •  

    Detail of the exterior colonnade

  •  

    Detail of the exterior of Hotel Pennsylvania

  •  

    The Dining Room when the hotel opened, before becoming the Cafe Rouge

  •  

    Wall detail in the former cafe Rouge in 2012

  •  

    The fountain in the Cafe Rouge in 2012

See also

References

Citations

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External links

  •   Media related to Hotel Pennsylvania at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website

January 24, 2023
hotel, pennsylvania, coordinates, 74972, 99056, 74972, 99056, historic, hotel, seventh, avenue, penn, plaza, manhattan, across, street, from, pennsylvania, station, madison, square, garden, york, city, opened, 1919, once, largest, hotel, world, remained, fourt. Coordinates 40 44 59 N 73 59 26 W 40 74972 N 73 99056 W 40 74972 73 99056 The Hotel Pennsylvania was a historic hotel at 401 Seventh Avenue 15 Penn Plaza in Manhattan across the street from Pennsylvania Station and Madison Square Garden in New York City Opened in 1919 it was once the largest hotel in the world It remained the fourth largest in New York City when it closed permanently on April 1 2020 After years of unsuccessful preservation battles it is being demolished and replaced by 15 Penn Plaza a 68 story tower Hotel PennsylvaniaHotel Pennsylvania 2019General informationAddress401 Seventh Avenue New York NYOpeningJanuary 25 1919ClosedApril 1 2020OwnerVornado Realty TrustTechnical detailsFloor count22Design and constructionArchitect s McKim Mead amp WhiteDeveloperPennsylvania RailroadOther informationNumber of rooms2 200 at opening 1 704 at closingWebsitehotelpenn wbr com defunct Contents 1 History 1 1 Development 1 2 Statler operation 1 2 1 1920s and 1930s 1 2 2 1940s and 1950s 1 3 Mid to late 20th century 1 3 1 Hilton operation 1 3 2 Zeckendorf and Abelco Penta operation 1 3 3 Ramada and Best Western operation 1 4 Vornado acquisition 1 4 1 Planet Hollywood plans 1 4 2 2000s 1 4 3 2010s 1 4 4 Closure and demolition 2 Architecture 2 1 Form and facade 2 2 Mechanical features 2 3 Interior 2 3 1 Basements 2 3 2 Ground level 2 3 2 1 Lobby 2 3 2 2 Other ground level spaces 2 3 3 Ballroom floor 2 3 4 Other public spaces 2 3 5 Guest rooms 3 Notable guests and events 4 Cafe Rouge 4 1 Big band era 4 2 Use as event venue 5 Impact 5 1 In media 5 2 Phone number 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Citations 8 2 Sources 9 External linksHistory EditIn the late 19th century the site around the Hotel Pennsylvania was mostly residential with three and four story row houses and four and five story tenements 1 The Pennsylvania Railroad PRR had completed the original Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan New York City in 1910 2 In construction with the railroad station s opening the PRR had acquired all lots on the eastern side of Seventh Avenue between 31st and 33rd Streets directly east of the station though the railroad did not initially develop the sites 3 The northern site which became the Hotel Pennsylvania measured 400 feet 120 m long on 32nd and 33rd Streets and 197 5 feet 60 2 m long on Seventh Avenue 4 5 The southern site was sold in 1921 to Equitable Holdings which developed 11 Penn Plaza there 3 Development Edit In January 1916 the PRR announced that it would build a 1 000 room hotel on the Seventh Avenue site for about 9 million the hotel itself would cost 5 million while the furnishings and land would cost 4 million 6 7 The hotel was to be designed by McKim Mead amp White 6 7 4 which had also designed the original Pennsylvania Station 8 The planned hotel was cited as being either ten 6 or twelve stories 7 4 The PRR hoped that the hotel s construction would spur development in the surrounding area particularly after the Interborough Rapid Transit Company s 34th Street Penn Station subway station opened in two years 4 In addition the site was near several major attractions including multiple Broadway theaters department stores and hotels 9 The PRR wished to compete with the New York Central Railroad which was concurrently constructing the Commodore Hotel near Grand Central Terminal as well as attract business travelers and professional conventions 10 The PRR hired the George A Fuller Company as the hotel s general contractor in March 1916 5 11 the Fuller Company constructed the Pennsylvania and the Commodore simultaneously 12 The PRR also hired Post amp McCord as the steel contractor 13 The hotel s cost had increased to 11 million by that April this cost included 7 5 million for the actual hotel 2 5 million for the land and 1 million for furnishings 14 The PRR filed plans for a 20 story hotel in May 1916 to be designed by McKim Mead amp White 15 16 Initially the PRR leased the hotel to Franklin J Matchette for 21 years 14 In December 1916 Ellsworth M Statler of the Statler Hotels chain purchased a controlling interest in Matchette s lease 17 18 Matchette and Statler formed the New York Hotel Statler Company which issued stock to finance the hotel s construction Both men initially had a 50 percent stake in the company but Matchette turned over a 25 percent stake to Statler shortly after the company was established 19 The PRR announced in December 1916 that the hotel would be named the Hotel Pennsylvania and that construction of the hotel s foundations would commence the next month 20 Matchette s firm the Servidor Company also provided the hotel s original equipment and furnishings including the doors for each guestroom 21 The hotel s construction required over 18 000 short tons 16 000 long tons 16 000 t of steel and nine million bricks 22 although some of these materials were difficult to obtain because of World War I restrictions 12 During construction in July 1917 one worker was killed by a falling steel girder 23 In addition the hotel s dynamo room caught fire and then exploded in April 1918 24 25 damaging the facade and a sidewalk shed around the hotel 26 That June Statler Hotels issued 3 million in bonds to finance the hotel s construction 27 28 Roy Carruthers was hired as the hotel s first general manager in late 1918 29 Statler planned to rent rooms within a relatively narrow price range saying I am working on the assumption that New York wants a first class hotel where the ratio between the minimum and maximum rates will be nearer together than is usually the case 30 Statler operation Edit The Hotel Pennsylvania was formally dedicated on January 25 1919 31 32 On that day 3 000 spectators viewed the hotel and 2 000 people ate in the main dining room 31 The Pennsylvania s 2 200 guest rooms and baths made it the largest hotel in the world at the time it was slightly larger than the Commodore which opened a few days later on January 28 33 34 However only 1 200 rooms were available when the hotel opened 34 and some of the public rooms were still incomplete 33 Thirty days after the hotel opened Statler Hotels started paying 200 000 in annual rent for the site this amounted to five percent of the hotel building s assessed value of 4 million 35 36 In addition Statler would pay six percent of the construction cost each year 37 One architectural critic wrote that the hotel s completion marked a great step forward in hotel efficiency as it had an efficient design that was not overly ornate 38 1920s and 1930s Edit In the hotel s early years it hosted such events as a charity event for the Jewish Federations of North America 39 a meeting for veterans 40 and a showcase of radio equipment 41 Employees established a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Register in 1921 which according to The Christian Science Monitor was said to be the only daily newspaper published in a hotel 42 In addition the Pennsylvania became the first hotel on the East Coast of the United States to receive telegraph service in 1922 43 The Pennsylvania remained the world s largest hotel until the late 1920s 44 when the New Yorker Hotel was constructed 45 E M Statler managed the hotel until January 1928 when Frank A Duggan took over as the hotel s manager 46 After Duggan left for the Hotel McAlpin that April Statler again became the hotel s manager 47 although Statler died two weeks later 48 Following Statler s death Leo Molony was appointed as the hotel s manager 49 In 1929 Matchette filed two lawsuits in the New York Surrogate s Court seeking a combined 10 million in damages from the New York Hotel Statler Company Inc and Ellsworth Statler s estate Matchette claimed that Statler had given excessive salaries to himself and his family members and that Statler had mismanaged the hotel s construction 19 Matchette filed four lawsuits in the New York Supreme Court in 1930 seeking 17 5 million in damages from Statler s estate the Hotel Statler Company and the directors of the hotel company 50 51 PRR received a 5 million mortgage loan from Prudential Insurance in 1933 replacing two loans that the hotel had received in 1917 and 1923 52 The Automobile Club of New York moved its headquarters to the hotel in 1933 53 and the hotel s Madhattan Room decorated with cartoons depicting life in New York City opened the same year 54 The hotel continued to host large events in the 1930s including ping pong matches 55 home equipment exhibitions 56 National Board of Review conferences 57 and architects conventions 58 Molony managed the hotel until January 1937 when Duggan replaced him 59 James H McCabe became the hotel s manager that June after Duggan was promoted to a vice president within Statler Hotels 60 1940s and 1950s Edit Statler Hotels agreed to buy the property outright from the Pennsylvania Railroad on June 30 1948 61 62 Statler Hotels president Arthur F Douglas officially took over the hotel that August 63 paying approximately 13 million 64 The Statler chain renovated the hotel s main dining room Cafe Rouge that year 65 The Pennsylvania was renamed the Hotel Statler on January 1 1949 66 67 The hotel s managers had supported the name change because the Pennsylvania had hosted Statler Hotels main offices for many years 64 Statler Hotels spent 200 000 on replacing items with the hotel s old name or initial including nearly 800 000 pieces of linen 127 000 pieces of china and 134 000 pieces of silver 64 68 The hotel also replaced signs in subway stations and sent notices to 300 000 people who held Statler branded credit cards The hotel was branded as the Hotel Statler formerly the Hotel Pennsylvania for two years after the name change 68 Mid to late 20th century Edit Hilton operation Edit In August 1954 Conrad Hilton acquired a controlling interest in all 17 of Statler Hotels properties including the Hotel Statler 69 70 Hilton paid an estimated 76 million for the controlling stake 70 At the time Hilton already owned multiple large hotels in New York City 71 Hilton was installing air conditioners in all of the hotel s guestrooms by early 1956 72 The hotel became The Statler Hilton in 1958 73 Over the years the hotel was reduced to 1 592 rooms Many of the smaller rooms had been combined to create larger suites with alcoves for businessmen 74 In 1960 Hilton renovated the hotel at a cost of 1 million The work included the reduction of the original two story lobby to one story to add more meeting space 75 Zeckendorf and Abelco Penta operation Edit In January 1979 Hilton Hotels agreed to sell the New York Statler Hilton to developer William Zeckendorf Jr for 24 million 74 76 77 At the time the hotel had 1 756 rooms 77 Hilton completed its sale in May 1979 78 recording an estimated after tax profit of 8 8 million 79 The hotel was renamed the New York Statler and was operated by Dunfey Hotels a division of Aer Lingus 77 80 Dunfey Hotels sought to market the hotel to business travelers and conventions 80 During April 1981 the hotel was affected by two fires in as many weeks the second fire caused damage to the grand ballroom 81 The hotel was sold again in August 1983 for 46 million A half interest in the hotel was acquired by Abelco an investment group consisting of developers Elie Hirschfeld Abraham Hirschfeld and Arthur G Cohen and the other half was bought by the Penta Hotels chain a joint venture of British Airways Lufthansa and Swissair 82 83 The new owners renamed the hotel the New York Penta 83 84 85 Anna Quindlen of The New York Times Magazine wrote Real New Yorkers who will be damned if they will call Sixth Avenue Avenue of the Americas still call it the Statler 86 The owners renovated the facade and the public spaces 82 creating two restaurant spaces within the hotel They also refurbished its 1 705 guestrooms combining some of the rooms to create larger suites 84 The project was expected to cost 23 million and was timed to coincide with the completion of Javits Center on the west side of Manhattan 87 Despite the cost of the renovation the Abelco Penta partnership planned to retain the hotel s 100 nightly room rates 85 A grand reopening celebration for the Penta was held from December 7 to 10 1985 88 It was one of two major structures to open on the west side of Midtown Manhattan that month the other being the Axa Equitable Center 89 The Penta s owners hired James Parry Inc as the hotel s marketing agency When James Parry Inc shuttered in 1988 the hotel s partners hired Kirshenbaum amp Bond as the Penta Hotel s new agency 90 Ramada and Best Western operation Edit In 1991 the Hirschfelds acquired the Penta Hotels chain s stake in the hotel 91 92 The hostelry was renamed the Ramada Pennsylvania Hotel in April 1991 two weeks after the Penta chain exited the venture 92 Hampton Hotels Co took over the hotel s operation in 1993 91 93 The hotel remained the third largest in New York City after the New York Hilton Midtown and the Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel Hampton Hotels spent 15 million on renovations over the next two years 91 In advance of the 1992 Democratic National Convention the hotel s owners spent 4 million to 6 million on renovations including a refurbishment of the lobby 94 By the early 1990s celebrities no longer frequented the Ramada Pennsylvania which tried to attract guests by offering discounts for guests pets 95 A Sports Authority store at the hotel s base was announced in 1993 96 and it opened the following year within the hotel s former bar and mezzanine 97 The board of directors of the Best Western hotel chain voted in November 1993 to rename the hotel New York s Hotel Pennsylvania pending an inspection of the hotel s quality 93 The Image Group leased the hotel s ballrooms in February 1995 for twenty years converting the seldom used ballrooms into television studios 98 99 Best Western also added a business center to the hotel the same year equipped with fax machines computers and televisions 100 At that point the Pennsylvania no longer had any restaurants and guest service directories instead listed restaurants near the hotel 101 Hirschfeld rebranded the hotel as the Hotel Pennsylvania in 1995 91 and he placed the hotel for sale in April 1996 for 150 million 102 Hirschfeld had installed Lover s Bench a bronze sculpture depicting a nude couple and a partly clothed woman outside the Pennsylvania s entrance The sculpture was ultimately removed in 1997 103 Vornado acquisition Edit Planet Hollywood plans Edit In June 1997 Vornado Realty Trust and Singaporean developer Ong Beng Seng agreed to buy the hotel for 159 million 104 Vornado and Ong sought to convert the Pennsylvania to a sports themed hotel operated by Planet Hollywood in which Ong held a large stake 105 citing the hotel s proximity to Madison Square Garden 106 The plans were complicated by the fact that the Riese family held a long term lease on commercial space at the Pennsylvania 105 107 At the end of June 1997 Vornado paid 75 million to terminate the Rieses lease and acquire several buildings that the family owned nearby 105 Vornado and Ong finalized their acquisition on September 25 1997 with plans to convert the Pennsylvania into Planet Hollywood s first Official All Star Hotel 108 109 Vornado and Ong would each own a 40 percent stake in the hotel while Planet Hollywood would own 20 percent 109 110 The Official All Star Hotel plan was announced amid a revival in tourism in New York City 111 as well as demand for office space in Penn Plaza 112 The hotel s renovation was expected to cost about 200 million 113 Vornado would operate about 400 000 square feet 37 000 m2 of commercial and office space at the hotel 109 The planned conversion did not happen as Planet Hollywood suffered major financial losses in the late 1990s 114 115 Vornado bought out Ong s 40 percent stake in the hotel in early 1998 for 70 million 116 117 paying 22 million in cash and taking on 48 million in debt 117 When Ong decided to sell his stake many Asian companies were selling off real estate in New York City 118 Vornado Realty Trust transferred the hotel s management to a subsidiary Vornado Operating Company in October 1998 because of regulations concerning non real estate holdings of real estate investment trusts 119 Vornado then acquired the remaining 20 percent stake from Planet Hollywood in August 1999 for 42 million paying 18 million in cash and assuming 24 million in debt 114 115 Vornado thus obtained full ownership of the hotel 104 114 The Planet Hollywood transaction valued the hotel at 216 million 104 By late 1999 to attract business travelers the Hotel Pennsylvania was advertising rooms at 150 to 300 per night 120 2000s Edit As early as 2001 a Lehman Brothers analyst said that Vornado officials were considering replacing the hotel with a 50 to 60 story tower 121 Through the 2000s the hotel remained popular enough that its managers trademarked the slogan World s Most Popular Hotel in 2002 122 However the hotel had become noticeably rundown and guests reported bedbug infestations darkened windows and dirty carpets among other things By the mid 2000s Vornado officials said the hotel was merely a placeholder sort of like a parking lot 122 123 Observer described the hotel as having devolved into a cheap decrepit tourist trap more commonly associated with reported bedbug attacks than big band nostalgia 124 The hotel was divided into two sections by then the main hotel and the more upscale Penn 5000 Club 125 Vornado also rented out some of the hotel s space to small businesses during the 2000s 126 and the T R Engle Group gradually renovated the hotel s lobby and rooms during this decade 127 As part of the planning process for the 7 Subway Extension in 2003 city and state officials determined that the Hotel Pennsylvania was eligible for official landmark protections on the city state and national levels 10 With the redevelopment of west Midtown in the mid 2000s the Hotel Pennsylvania was again being considered as a prime site for redevelopment 128 In early 2007 Vornado announced plans to demolish the hotel and develop the 15 Penn Plaza skyscraper there 44 129 as part of a redevelopment of the area around Penn Station 130 Vornado intended to complete the 2 500 000 square foot 230 000 m2 building by 2011 131 132 marketing the tower to financial tenants 129 At the time there was little interest in protecting the hotel as a landmark 124 Investment firm Merrill Lynch amp Co announced plans to relocate from lower Manhattan to the skyscraper that October 133 134 Had the hotel been demolished at that time Vornado would have been required to maintain a museum quality exhibit of the Hotel Pennsylvania s history in the new building s lobby 135 Ultimately Merrill Lynch opted to move to the World Financial Center in January 2008 136 137 in part because of the firm s financial troubles 138 At a conference call in June 2008 Roth said he was considering downsizing his planned development or renovating the Hotel Pennsylvania 139 The redevelopment plans prompted the staff of 2600 The Hacker Quarterly a magazine that sponsored biennial HOPE hacker conventions at the hotel began investigating possible ways to save the hotel from demolition 140 They were joined by the new Save the Hotel Pennsylvania Foundation later the Hotel Pennsylvania Preservation Society 141 whose members included a number of city organizations and politicians to aid in designating the hotel as a landmark including the Historic Districts Council Manhattan Community Board 5 and Assemblyman Richard Gottfried 142 In November 2007 Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 21 8 in support of a landmark designation 143 Three months later the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC rejected the landmark request 144 Emmanuel Goldstein of 2600 noted that while people overseas expressed concern over the fate of the hotel New Yorkers might not care enough to get involved The hotel was old the rooms weren t as big and luxurious as other more modern facilities and New Yorkers simply weren t in a position to grasp the importance of such a place since they normally don t need cheap and easily accessible hotels if they already live here 145 2010s EditIn May 2010 the hotel was again in danger of demolition 146 Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer gave a conditional approval 147 148 overruling Manhattan Community Board 5 149 The LPC reviewed the hotel s Cafe Rouge for landmark status 150 based on a request by the Hotel Pennsylvania Preservation Society 141 but on October 22 2010 the LPC declined to designate the cafe as a landmark 151 On July 14 2010 the New York City Department of City Planning voted unanimously in favor of the construction of the tower 152 On August 23 2010 the NYC Council voted to approve the proposed Uniform Land Use Review Procedure submitted by the building owners 153 3 In December 2011 Vornado announced a delay in the demolition of the hotel because it was financially infeasible to do so at the moment 154 Steven Roth said in March 2013 that he wanted to renovate the hotel instead of demolishing it 155 156 Hotel Pennsylvania entrance in 2011 By 2014 Vornado was again looking to develop a skyscraper on the Hotel Pennsylvania s site 157 158 Due to uncertainty over the site s future Roth opted not to renovate the hotel during the mid 2010s 158 In the hotel s final years the mezzanine levels above the lobby were operated as a separate business the Penn Plaza Pavilion a series of raw spaces used as function facilities They were the site of numerous trade shows and conventions including the annual Big Apple Comic Con 159 The guestrooms were frequented by students and shoppers who sought discounted room rates 160 In March 2018 Vornado renewed special permits from the City Planning Commission to develop 15 Penn Plaza on the Hotel Pennsylvania s site In an April 2018 letter to investors Roth mentioned the demolition and 15 Penn skyscraper plan as a continued option but also described Vornado as being at a tipping point with regard to redeveloping the Pennsylvania into a giant convention entertainment hotel 161 In June 2019 Vornado unsuccessfully tried to lure Facebook to rent space in the proposed office building with a new design done by Rafael Vinoly 162 163 164 Closure and demolition Edit The hotel was forced to close in April 2020 as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City 165 Seeing an opportunity to redevelop the site Steven Roth again contemplated closing the hotel permanently 166 Roth announced plans in April 2021 to replace the hotel with a skyscraper 167 168 now known as Penn15 169 According to Roth the hotel math has deteriorated significantly over the last five years and the benefits of continuing to operate the hotel were outweighed by the drawbacks of maintenance taxes and lack of demand 170 Several groups such as the Hotel Trades Council supported the plans for redeveloping the Pennsylvania s site 171 By then the hotel had been neglected for several years Christopher Bonanos of Curbed wrote Architecturally it is like a lot of early 20th century midsize hotels and office buildings around the city only larger it is surely a better quality example from its period Even if you re a hardcore preservationist your energies might be better spent elsewhere 160 In late 2021 International Content Liquidations finished selling the hotel s contents in preparation for demolition Items for sale included chandeliers and lighting guest room furniture unused mattresses and linens televisions the entirety of the hotel s fitness center and commercial kitchens banquet tables and chairs and the original historic guest room doors known as Servidors 172 The hotel s demolition began in January 2022 and the main entrance was converted to a turnstile for demolition workers 173 The Pennsylvania caught fire on February 7 2022 while it was being demolished 165 174 By the middle of that year demolition of the hotel had resumed 175 Architecture EditThe Hotel Pennsylvania was designed by William Symmes Richardson of McKim Mead amp White 176 The hotel measured 22 stories high including the street level and the rooftop there was also a three story penthouse 177 178 The hotel s design was intended not only to complement that of the original Penn Station which was demolished in 1963 but also that of the General Post Office one block west which still exists 10 Form and facade Edit The first four stories occupied nearly the entire site 177 179 The hotel was set back 15 feet 4 6 m from the property line on Seventh Avenue creating a plaza in front of the hotel s entrance 180 181 182 The plaza had been intended as a forecourt for the original Penn Station though the hotel s height blunted this effect When the PRR had leased the site to the hotel s original operators the lease agreement included a clause that prevented the hotel s operators from constructing any structure except for an entrance portico on the westernmost 15 feet of the site for twenty one years 3 Three light courts on the southern facade each measuring 40 feet 12 m wide divided the hotel into four wings that faced south 181 182 183 Each wing measured 54 feet 16 m wide There was another light court facing eastward toward the former Gimbels department store now Manhattan Mall which measured 50 feet 15 m wide 183 The two western wings collectively contained 1 000 rooms while the two eastern wings collectively contained 1 200 rooms 181 182 The Indiana Limestone facade of the lower stories was intentionally designed to closely mirror the architecture of the station A colonnade of Ionic style pilasters divided the lowest three stories vertically into bays with lightly rusticated walls between each set of pilasters 179 184 Over the years the first three stories were modified significantly and storefronts with various signs and awnings were installed 10 In the center of the Seventh Avenue facade was a portico of six Ionic columns marking the main entrance 3 184 This portico protruded 6 feet 1 8 m from the facade although it remained well within the property line 3 When the entrance was widened in the hotel s later years four of the columns were truncated to make way for a marquee 10 The fourth story was faced in plain ashlar 179 184 Above the fourth story the facade was made of buff colored and gray brick 185 Over the years the windows on the upper stories were replaced in a piecemeal fashion and numerous signs were installed on the facade Near the end of the hotel s existence the upper stories contained aluminum windows of various designs 186 The top three stories contained a colonnade of pilasters above which was a cornice made of terracotta 185 Sometime during the hotel s existence a half story penthouse was installed above part of the cornice 187 Above the westernmost wing was a roof garden with a restaurant which was topped by the elevator penthouse 185 The roof restaurant had a simple design with a plaster vaulted ceiling supported by a colonnade which formed a central hall with aisles The walls were of plaster above a tile wainscoting and the restaurant had simple details which allowed the decorations to be changed between different seasons 188 The second westernmost wing contained an outdoor lounge connected to the restaurant by a wide bridge When the hotel opened the roofs of the two eastern wings were left undeveloped 185 Mechanical features Edit The hotel received electricity from three sources a power generator in the building and two power stations outside of it 189 190 The hotel received steam from a nearby plant on 32nd Street and the subbasement also contained a 500 kilowatt 670 hp steam driven generator The hotel also received alternating current from a PRR substation in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens 190 191 Cables carried power from the substation to a room in the hotel s basement which contained five banks of transformers Two of the banks of transformers supplied the hotel s lighting system while the other three banks supplied a set of rotary converters 192 The lights were operated from three sets of circuits allowing some parts of the hotel to remain illuminated even if a blackout affected the entire hotel 189 The ventilation system contained 27 motors which powered fans that ventilated the air from all of the hotel s bathrooms In addition a pair of 20 horsepower 15 kW motors powered a vacuum system that collected dust from 487 openings throughout the hotel 189 The hotel received water from the city s water supply system which supplied ice machines faucets and mechanical equipment The water drainage system included sewers to the city s sewage system as well as sump pumps that drained water from the basements 193 As built there were two banks of six passenger elevators which all ran from the basement to the roof 194 195 The elevators could be configured so that one bank only served the upper floors and the lobby while the other bank only served the lower floors The southeast corner of the hotel contained two elevators which connected the lobby to the subway and railroad stations Closer to 33rd Street two elevators ran from ground level to the ballrooms 25 feet 7 6 m above Three elevators at the eastern end of the hotel ran from the basement to the kitchen on the first mezzanine level stopping at the driveway 194 There were also eight service elevators and six dumbwaiters One of the service elevators operated at a slightly slower speed than the remaining service elevators and all of the passenger elevators 194 195 Interior Edit The public rooms were largely on the lower floors 178 180 The ground level was largely designed in an Italian style 196 The hotel also had 24 000 square feet 2 200 m2 for exhibitions and 58 000 square feet 5 400 m2 of ballrooms 82 Large portions of the interiors were clad in Mycenaean marble including corridors stairways and elevator lobbies 197 Prior to the hotel s demolition most of the interior spaces were substantially altered 187 Basements Edit There were three floor levels below the street The first basement contained main and auxiliary kitchens grill room lunch room barber shop and bathroom 198 The grill room was designed to resemble an Italian garden with bright colors its columns and walls contained sgraffito decorations 188 The sub basement mezzanine only covered part of the site and contained the hotel s workshops service dining rooms and locker rooms The sub basement contained laundry rooms for staff and guests refrigerating pumping and filtering plants and machine rooms 198 The first basement level also contained a direct entrance to the 34th Street Penn Station on the New York City Subway s IRT Broadway Seventh Avenue Line later serving the 1 2 and 3 trains In addition there were underpasses leading to the railroad station at 32nd and 33rd Streets 198 199 these underpasses were outside of the subway station s fare control area 199 Under 33rd Street was a connection to the Gimbels passageway 198 which opened in 1920 200 201 and was shuttered in 1986 202 The Gimbels passageway led east to the 34th Street Herald Square station and to the Hudson amp Manhattan Railroad later PATH s 33rd Street station 9 14 Further connections to Madison Square Garden and the current Pennsylvania Station were built in the late 20th century 82 The hotel also contained direct subway entrances from the street to the platform though these entrances had deteriorated significantly by the early 1990s 203 Ground level Edit At ground level were the main lobby office dining room tea room men s cafe bar and main serving pantry 180 204 There were various shops that could be accessed both from the street and from inside the hotel as well as a florist shop telegraph office public telephones and check rooms at ground level 180 Lobby Edit The two story main lobby was accessible from the main entrance on Seventh Avenue and from one entrance each on 32nd and 33rd Streets 179 205 The lobby measuring 70 by 133 feet 21 by 41 m 179 was described by the New York Tribune as the largest in the city 178 It was surrounded by 16 fluted columns 178 179 designed in the Doric order 205 Both the columns and the lobby s walls were made of Botticino marble In addition the lobby originally contained multicolored carpets and walnut furniture including a walnut registration desk near 32nd Street 179 The lobby s ceiling measured 35 feet 11 m high 179 205 and had a two color steel and glass skylight 190 191 designed by G Rae amp Co 10 179 Above the skylight were reflectors 190 191 which provided gold tinted illumination 204 205 workers replaced the reflectors using a set of trolley tracks 195 The lobby was flanked by a promenade to the north and south 206 By the early 21st century the skylight had been removed and the columns had been reclad multiple times but the floor was extant 187 At the mezzanine level was a gallery that surrounded the lobby 178 The mezzanine also contained the lounging and writing rooms a library a large exhibition space a hairdresser s shop and the maitre d hotel s office 178 180 The writing room opening off the southern side of the mezzanine was designed in a Jacobean style and was paneled in oak 204 207 208 The writing room s bookshelves extended nearly to the top of the plaster ceiling 207 which contained molded centerpieces that represented 16th century printers marks 208 From the mezzanine s gallery a short flight of steps led to the ballroom floor 188 The upper level of the two story lobby was severed from the room by Hilton in 1960 during major renovations which reduced the lobby to one story 209 The mezzanine level floor was extended over the lobby creating 30 000 sq ft of new exhibition space for conventions giving the hotel the largest such facilities in the country at the time 210 In the mid 1990s part of the mezzanine became a Sports Authority store 97 211 Other ground level spaces Edit The Men s Cafe was just south of the main entrance and could also be accessed directly from the street It contained a chestnut paneled ceiling tiled floors Georgian and Flemish inspired light fixtures 179 212 as well as a fireplace and grill on one wall 213 Just north of the main entrance was a Tuscan style bar which had wood paneling stone walls and ceiling and a mosaic tile floor 206 207 Later known as the Penn Bar the space had become a storefront by the mid 1990s 97 East of the main lobby was the Tea Room designed in the Adam style with arches and murals on the wall 204 206 as well as mirrored panels Chinese style carpets and a decorative plaster ceiling 207 The Tea Room was surrounded by an extension of the lobby s promenade 206 which contained Caen stone walls and Italian furniture 207 The main restaurant most famously known later on as the Cafe Rouge 44 was a double height space to the south of the tea room 204 206 The Cafe Rouge measured approximately 60 by 140 feet 18 by 43 m with a ceiling height of approximately 20 feet 6 1 m 204 206 214 It consisted of a central space flanked on either side by a terrace measuring 18 inches 46 cm high 214 At the end of each terrace was a colonnade of four columns 204 206 Both the wall base and door trim were made of terracotta while the walls were artificial limestone The beamed ceiling had various carvings in the Italian and French Renaissance styles and the ceiling itself was painted to increase the perceived height of the room 204 206 214 The east end of the cafe had a large floor to ceiling fountain A bandstand was located on the central floor of the room on the exterior wall 214 The easternmost 50 feet 15 m of the first floor under the eastern light court contained two parallel driveways as well as a service driveway with loading platforms Elevators led to workshops on the upper floors and the storage rooms and kitchen in the basement and a conveyor belt connected with a baggage storage area on the mezzanine At the extreme east end was a driveway for the adjacent Gimbels store which contained elevators and a loading platform 198 Between the Gimbels store and the Pennsylvania Hotel was a shopping arcade which was built in 1919 Originally known as the Pennsylvania Arcade it was known as Gallery 34 by the 1990s 215 Ballroom floor Edit The ballroom floor above the lobby s mezzanine contained a flexible entertainment area with a grand foyer and ballroom two large parlors banquet room and foyer and three smaller dining rooms 180 207 The ballrooms had their own stair and elevator from 33rd Street 179 205 which led to a grand foyer flanked by parlors 204 188 The ballroom facilities covered 40 000 square feet 3 700 m2 and were 30 feet 9 1 m high 98 99 Each of the ballrooms was a large open space without columns 98 The main ballroom alone covered 10 366 square feet 963 0 m2 and was one of the largest hotel ballrooms in New York City 216 having been planned with a capacity of 1 200 people 30 The main ballroom was on the south side of the building directly over the main dining room 188 and measured 72 by 114 feet 22 by 35 m 207 It had a vaulted ceiling with Italian arabesques and was surrounded on three sides by a gallery with boxes 188 204 207 Two silk and crystal chandeliers illuminated the space 188 The banquet room on the north side of the same floor had white oak floors and a foyer with artificial stone walls The private dining rooms were designed in the Georgian style 188 204 The ballroom floor was served by a large banquet kitchen and the ballrooms could host one large event or multiple smaller events simultaneously 180 In 1995 the main ballroom was converted into a television studio measuring 75 by 145 feet 23 by 44 m across The areas around the main ballroom were converted into offices conference rooms telecommunications facilities and audience rooms 99 The studio was used to tape television shows including The People s Court 217 Idiot Savants 218 Maury Sally Jessy Raphael 2 Minute Drill and The Opposition with Jordan Klepper 219 In 2009 the studios in the hotel were rebuilt and consolidated into a new 10 000 square foot 930 m2 studio for the sitcom Sherri 220 The television studios continued to operate through the 2010s 187 Other public spaces Edit Half a story above the ground floor were hotel executives offices baggage and parcel rooms a print shop and staff dining rooms A conveyor belt connected the baggage room to a service driveway on the eastern end of the building 180 The second mezzanine and the entire second floor contained service bedrooms storerooms sewing and linen rooms and a telephone exchange When the hotel opened American Architect said the telephone exchange was the largest of its kind ever built 180 The eastern end of the fifth floor contained two Turkish baths one for men and one for women 178 185 The women s bath was accessed by a stair from the sixth floor 185 The hotel also originally contained a swimming pool with filtered water 197 Guest rooms Edit Guest rooms started at the fifth story above the roofline of the original Penn Station 9 There were 17 stories of guest rooms each of which contained a central corridor flanked by bedrooms Each story contained an average of 125 rooms and the larger rooms were generally concentrated in the western part of the hotel Each room contained its own bathroom some of the larger guest rooms had bathrooms that faced outward toward the street while other guest rooms had bathrooms that faced inward toward the corridor 178 185 Two of the guest room floors contained living and reception rooms dining rooms pantries and bedrooms which could arranged into different suites with three to ten rooms 178 185 In the two eastern wings three of the upper floors contained large guest rooms with large closets 185 Each guest room floor contained its own floor clerk stationed outside the elevators which acted as concierges for their respective stories There was also a pantry 194 as well as a fire lookout station and an electrical clock system on each story 191 194 Each guest room contained a Servidor a valet guest room door with exterior and compartments used for various services These allowed guests to give the valet their clothes to be pressed and shoes to be polished without fully opening the door 21 178 221 as well enabling servants to deliver newspapers room service and other deliveres The items could be delivered to the guest without disturbing them by placing the items within the hall side of the compartment 34 The Servidor doors a marvel at the time of their construction were still in place when the hotel was demolished A few have been saved grom destruction to be preserved 160 The guest rooms also contained Chippendale furniture each room typically contained a bed two chairs a writing desk and a dresser Curtains were hung from cornices or rods and there were radiators on the ceilings and walls 207 The bathrooms in each guestroom contained a shower 221 To reduce the complexity of the electrical equipment each guest room was originally equipped with a telephone that could only be used for room service 194 To send messages guests had to contact their floor clerks 195 who then sent the messages using telautograph machines or pneumatic tubes 194 195 Notable guests and events EditThe hotel hosted multiple notable guests in its early years On May 6 and 8 1924 Harry Houdini debunked Joaquin Maria Argamasilla a 19 year old Spaniard who claimed he had X ray vision 222 In December 1925 William Faulkner stayed at the Pennsylvania while writing one of his many novels he subsequently received the Nobel Prize in Literature 223 Galveston crime boss Johnny Jack Nounes threw a 40 000 party at the Pennsylvania in the 1920s inviting silent film starts Clara Bow and Nancy Carroll who were said to have bathed in tubs of champagne 224 Herbert Hoover spoke before the Ohio Society of New York at the Hotel Pennsylvania in November 1935 225 The American Russian Institute presented its first annual award to the late President Franklin D Roosevelt at the Hotel Pennsylvania in 1946 226 and Edwin H Land demonstrated his invention of an instant camera at the hotel in 1947 227 U S Army bacteriologist Frank Olson died after he crashed through a window on the 10th floor in 1953 228 the U S government first described his death as a suicide and then as misadventure while others alleged that he was murdered 229 Fidel Castro stayed at the Statler Hilton in 1959 shortly after he became the leader of Cuba 230 231 Gameel al Batouti who was first officer of EgyptAir Flight 990 when it crashed in 1997 killing all 217 people aboard was reportedly sexually promiscuous with female staff 232 and was nearly banned from the hotel 233 The Statler also hosted delegates during several Democratic National Convention meetings at Madison Square Garden 82 During the 1976 convention 234 the Statler allocated 80 percent of its rooms to delegates 235 In advance of the 1980 convention the Statler spent 5 million just on preparations which included a fast food delicatessen as well as a kitchen in an elevator 236 Other events at the hotel included Esto 92 an Estonian heritage festival that had booked the entire hotel at the beginning of the 1992 DNC convention 94 237 as well as the 1994 edition of the Gay Games 238 By the 2000s the hotel hosted hundreds of dogs every year during the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show 239 240 The hotel s other events in the 2000s included auditions for reality TV show America s Next Top Model 241 Cafe Rouge EditMain article Cafe Rouge Hotel Pennsylvania Big band era Edit The hotel s main dining room later named the Cafe Rouge was known for several decades as a major venue for big bands 74 242 Numerous acclaimed musicians performed at the Cafe Rouge including Count Basie the Dorsey Brothers Duke Ellington Glenn Miller Artie Shaw and Fred Waring 242 In the late 1930s and early 1940s the Cafe Rouge had a big band remote connection to the NBC Red Network after 1942 the NBC Radio Network and became known for the performances held inside One evening in November 1939 while in the midst of a steady long term engagement at the Cafe Rouge bandleader Artie Shaw left the bandstand between sets and decided to quit his own band on the spot 243 Shaw s principal orchestrator from 1937 to 1939 Jerry Gray was immediately hired by Miller as a staff arranger when Shaw deserted his band 244 The Glenn Miller Orchestra also had repeated long term bookings in the Cafe Rouge from 1940 to 1942 when the band was broken up 245 Miller s orchestra broadcast from the cafe some were recorded by RCA Victor 246 247 Les Brown s band with its vocalist Doris Day introduced their song Sentimental Journey at the Cafe Rouge in 1944 248 The cafe was closed for renovation during mid 1948 65 Other spaces in the hotel were also used for musical performances Before air conditioning became popular major bands performed in the hotel s roof garden ballroom during the summer 243 In addition Benny Goodman s band frequented the hotel s Madhattan Room 44 249 and started performing there in late 1936 250 251 Use as event venue Edit In later years the former Cafe Rouge space within the structure operated separately from the hotel business with a separate address and entrance at 145 West 32nd Street In 2007 for the Garden in Transit project adhesive weatherproof paintings of flowers attached to taxicabs in New York City were painted inside the cafe 252 Numerous events from the 2013 New York Fashion Week were held in the Cafe Rouge 253 In 2014 the Cafe Rouge space was converted to an indoor basketball court known as Terminal 23 celebrating the launch of the Melo M10 by the Jordan Brand division of Nike 254 255 In its final years the room operated as Station 32 a rental function event space 256 Impact EditIn media Edit The Muppet character Statler of Statler and Waldorf was named after the hotel when it was the Statler Hilton 257 The New York Penta Hotel appeared in the 1986 film The Manhattan Project as the setting of a science fair Rather than construct a set and populate it with actors the filmmakers hosted an actual science fair in the hotel and filmed as it was going on Phone number Edit Early in its existence the hotel was assigned the phone number 212 736 5000 The phone number was more commonly known as PEnnsylvania 6 5000 as written in the 2L 5N two letters five numbers format that was common in the mid 20th century the two letters stood for the telephone exchange 258 259 The number may have been assigned after the 2L 5N format was introduced in 1930 260 With the implementation of the North American Numbering Plan the area code 212 was added to the number 259 Initially all of the hotel s landlines used this number 261 During Glenn Miller s 1940 engagement at the hotel Jerry Gray wrote the tune Pennsylvania 6 5000 with lyrics later added by Carl Sigman 262 that made use of the hotel s telephone number 263 Although the hotel s owners claimed that 212 736 5000 was the oldest continuously in service telephone number in New York 264 the veracity of this claim is disputed 265 266 Phone numbers in New York City existed as early as the 1880s 265 and the phone number may have been changed at some point before 1992 266 The hotel still carried the number when it became the Penta in 1983 267 242 A Toronto Star reported in 1993 that when he dialed 212 736 5000 a live operator at the Ramada Pennsylvania spoke to him while the song Pennsylvania 6 5000 played in the background 268 By 1996 a writer for the Chicago Tribune reported that an automated voice was directing callers to press a button to access one of the hotel s departments 266 Steven Roth said in 2022 that Penn15 would retain the phone number 212 736 5000 although he did not specify how the phone number would be reassigned 264 Gallery Edit Exterior of Hotel Pennsylvania General view of the exterior of Hotel Pennsylvania The Foyer The Main Lobby Details of the Lobby Colonnade The Corridor of the Lobby Detail of The Main Lobby The Main Restaurant of Hotel Pennsylvania The Cafe Rouge View of the terrace in The Cafe Rouge View of the east wall of The Cafe Rouge View of the west wall of The Cafe Rouge The fountain of The Cafe Rouge Detail of The Cafe Rouge The Palm Room Detail of the Palm Room The Grand Ballroom Detail of the exterior colonnade Detail of the exterior of Hotel Pennsylvania The Dining Room when the hotel opened before becoming the Cafe Rouge Wall detail in the former cafe Rouge in 2012 The fountain in the Cafe Rouge in 2012See also Edit Architecture portal Hotels portal New York City portalList of former hotels in Manhattan List of hotels in New York CityReferences EditCitations Edit Department of City Planning 2010 p 2 New Pennsylvania Station is Opened Train Service Begins Sept 8 in Largest Building in World Ever Built at One Time The New York Times August 29 1910 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 27 2018 Retrieved May 26 2018 a b c d e f Gray Christopher May 15 2011 A Hotel With a Luxury More Sidewalk Elbow Room The New York Times p RE7 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 2217036420 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 a b c d Pennsylvania Terminal Hotel Plans Under Way The Christian Science Monitor February 1 1916 p 5 ProQuest 509590359 a b New 7th Av Hotel to Have 18 Stories Pennsylvania Railroad Lets Building Contract to the George A Fuller Co Cost Will Be 9 000 000 to Cover Entire Block Between 32d and 33d Streets and Contain 1 000 Rooms The New York Times March 18 1916 p 8 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 97993459 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 a b c 9 000 000 Hotel for Seventh Ave Pennsylvania Railroad s Structure Will Mark Beginning of Great Improvement The New York Times January 29 1916 p 1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 98032560 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 a b c 1 000 room Hotel for Seventh Avenue New York Tribune January 29 1916 p 13 ProQuest 575498541 Jonnes Jill 2007 Conquering Gotham A Gilded Age Epic the Construction of Penn Station and Its Tunnels Viking pp 167 ISBN 978 0 670 03158 0 a b c Penn R R Hotel a City in Itself The Brooklyn Citizen April 30 1916 p 3 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 a b c d e f Department of City Planning 2010 p 5 Geo A Fuller Company to Build Hotel The Real Estate Record Real estate record and builders guide Vol 97 no 2505 March 18 1916 p 450 Archived from the original on January 19 2023 Retrieved November 22 2022 via columbia edu a b A Building Achievement Two Mammoth Hotels Successfully Built Under War Conditions The New York Times January 26 1919 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 Hotels The Real Estate Record Real estate record and builders guide Vol 97 no 2508 April 8 1916 p 568 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 via columbia edu a b c P R R To Build 11 500 000 Hotel Starts Work in Ten Days in Seventh Avenue Facing Station New York Tribune April 30 1916 p 10 ProQuest 575552098 N Y Central to Build 6 000 000 Hotel Here New 26 story Structure Will Contain 2 000 Rooms New York Tribune May 12 1916 p 3 ProQuest 575573804 Big Building Boom Near Times Square Greatest Activity in Years in the Forty second Street Business Centre Two Mammoth Hotels More Than 20 000 000 to Be Invested in the List of New Structures The New York Times May 14 1916 p S4 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 97949612 Statler Gets Hotel Lease The New York Times December 17 1916 p 89 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Statler Takes Lease of Pennsylvania Hotel New York Tribune December 17 1916 p 15 ProQuest 575646167 a b Seeks 10 000 000 of Statler Estate F K Machette Files Suit as to Building and Operation of Hotel Pennsylvania Says Income Was Diverted Statler Took Bonuses and Broke Accord Based on Lease He Owned Stockholder Charges Case as Presented by Machette Claims and Charges Set Forth The New York Times April 30 1929 p B60 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 105008792 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Pennsylvania R R To Erect a Hotel Largest in World Promised opposite Station in New York The Hartford Courant December 21 1916 p 22 ProQuest 556413097 a b Furnishings Sold By Special Service In Hotel Pennsylvania May Extend Semi Automatic Vending of Collars Neckties Hairpins Hairnets etc Women s Wear Vol 17 no 143 December 19 1918 p 26 ProQuest 1666113021 Resumption of Work on Largest Hotels Sign of New Attitude of Government Toward Building New York Herald August 18 1918 p 14 Archived from the original on November 19 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 Ironworker Killed by Falling Girder The New York Times July 1 1917 p 15 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 99904534 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Explosions Rock Big New Hotel Flames Jump From the Pennsylvania and Wreck Six Buildings The New York Times April 9 1918 p 24 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 100251309 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Explosion Follows Fire in New Hotel In Seventh Avenue New York Tribune April 9 1918 p 16 ProQuest 575858053 Department of Architectural Engineering Fire Prevention During Construction The American Architect Vol 114 no 2224 August 7 1918 p 178 ProQuest 124689343 Bond Issue by Statler Co Seek 3 000 000 to Retire Debts and Equip Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times June 24 1918 p 15 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 100132677 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Arrangements Made to Market Large Issue of Realty Bonds Prominent Investment House Brings Out 3 000 000 of Hotel Statler Co Securities San Francisco Chronicle June 26 1918 p 17 ProQuest 576740671 To Manage the Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times September 27 1918 p 15 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 a b Novel Ideas in Managing City s Largest Hotel E M Statler Outlines His Plans for New Pennsylvania Once a Bellboy He Formulates Maxims on Service Prices and Tips The New York Times June 3 1917 p 59 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 99886533 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 a b Hotel Pennsylvania Open 3 000 Visitors View Building and 2 000 of Them Dine There The New York Times January 26 1919 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 World s Biggest Hotel Is Opened The Evening Sun January 25 1919 p 2 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 a b World s Biggest Hotel Opens Today PDF The New York Times January 25 1919 p 9 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on January 29 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 a b c Hotel Pennsylvania Largest in World To Open Saturday Building 27 Stories High Has 2 200 Guest Rooms and Baths Service Will Offer Many Innovations New York Tribune January 22 1919 p 14 ProQuest 575960932 Pennsylvania Hotel Rental The New York Times January 26 1919 p 91 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 100374729 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 Hotel Pennsylvania Rental Is High Management Will Pay 200 000 a Year for Ground 6 Per Cent on Building New York Tribune January 25 1919 p 16 ProQuest 576009263 Current News Hotels Pennsylvania and Commodore Rentals Set New Mark The American Architect Vol 115 no 2253 February 26 1919 p 314 ProQuest 124689768 Moses Lionel May 24 1922 McKim Mead amp White a History Municipal Building U S Post Office Building Pennsylvania Hotel McKinley Memorial McKim Mead amp White Tennessee Memorial The American Architect and the Architectural Review Vol 121 no 2394 p 420 ProQuest 124696411 Open a Charity Show Jewish Federation s Work Demonstrated at Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times December 15 1920 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 78th Gets Together More Than 500 Veterans Attend Affair at Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times April 18 1920 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 Radio Convention Opens New Sets and Devices Displayed at Hotel Pennsylvania Show The New York Times March 4 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 23 2022 Hotel Paper With a Staff of 2250 Employees of Hotel Pennsylvania Are All Reporters for Four page Daily Journal Published for the Guests Employees Aid Newspaper No Sides Taken The Christian Science Monitor September 28 1921 p 5 ProQuest 510505825 Hotel Bond Will Have Own Wireless Station Equipment For Radio Telegraph Service to Be Installed At Once Hotel Pennsylvania New York First Hotel With Station The Hartford Courant August 9 1922 p 1 ProQuest 557092106 a b c d Colford Paul D January 5 2007 Office Tower Dooms Hotel Pennsylvania Hosted Glenn Miller Duke Ellington New York Daily News p 38 ProQuest 306093962 60 Story Office 38 Story Hotel Will Rise Here Reynolds to Erect 700 Foot Skyscraper at 42d St and Lexington Ave Hostelry at 34th St and 8th Ave New York Herald Tribune February 16 1928 p 1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1133907817 F A Duggan Named Hotel Manager The New York Times January 1 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 Statler Again Manager Of Hotel Pennsylvania Women s Wear Daily Vol 36 no 79 April 4 1928 p 12 ProQuest 1653267443 E M Statler Dead at 64 of Pneumonia Founder and Owner of Chain of Hotels Who Rose From Bellboy Ill Two Weeks The New York Times April 17 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 Many Give Dinners at White Sulphur Gen and Mrs W W Atterbury Among Week End Hosts at the Greenbrier The New York Times April 30 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 19 2023 Retrieved November 24 2022 F J Matchette Asks for 17 500 000 Statler Corporation and Statler Estate Sued Charges Breach of Contract as to Pennsylvania Hotel Daily Boston Globe April 11 1930 p 15 ProQuest 758265751 Hotels Statler Inc Sued for 20 000 000 F j Matchette Minority Owner of New York Company Charges Breach of Contract The New York Times April 11 1930 p 25 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 98940409 Archived from the original on November 23 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Renews 5 000 000 Loan On Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times August 11 1933 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 19 2023 Retrieved November 24 2022 Automobile Club to Occupy Floor in Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times January 18 1933 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 19 2023 Retrieved November 23 2022 Hotel Opens Madhattan Room New York Herald Tribune November 24 1933 p 17 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1114806395 Field of 369 Opens Ping pong Matches First National Championships Get Under Way at Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times March 26 1931 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 New Homewares Shown 700 Buyers Attend Trade Exhibit at Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times July 31 1934 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 Film Board Meets Today National Reviewers Group to Open Sessions at Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times March 7 1935 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 State Architects Meet Three Day Convention Begins Today at Hotel Pennsylvania The New York Times October 27 1938 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 To Manage Pennsylvania Hotel The New York Times January 30 1937 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 To Manage Hotel Here James H McCabe Named to Post at the Pennsylvania The New York Times July 20 1937 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 24 2022 Retrieved November 24 2022 Hotel Group Buys the Pennsylvania Statler Organization Which Operates 2 200 room Unit Takes Over From Railroad The New York Times July 1 1948 p 40 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 21 2022 Retrieved November 21 2022 Hotel Pennsylvania Purchased For Cash by the Statler Chain New York Herald Tribune July 1 1948 p 38 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1327390602 Hotel Pennsylvania Is Deeded The New York Times August 12 1948 p 36 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 108398410 Archived from the original on November 21 2022 Retrieved November 21 2022 a b c Hotel Pennsylvania Changing Its Name to Statler Cost 200 000 Means New Look for 798 000 Pieces of Linen 127 000 China Items 134 000 Silver Pieces Wall Street Journal November 19 1948 p 1 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 131771165 a b Music N Y s Cafe Rouge To Get Face Lifting The Billboard Vol 60 no 31 July 31 1948 p 20 ProQuest 1039904609 Pennsylvania Hotel Becomes Statler Jan 1 Owners Busy Spreading Word to Taxi Men The New York Times November 19 1948 p 29 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 21 2022 Retrieved November 21 2022 Resorts Hotel Pennsylvania Renamed Statler Women s Wear Daily Vol 77 no 99 November 19 1948 p 41 ProQuest 1565274622 a b Problems of Changing a Hotel Name The New York Times December 26 1948 p X15 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 108353667 Archived from the original on November 21 2022 Retrieved November 21 2022 Morahan John M August 4 1954 Hilton Buys 49 of Stock Of Statler Hotel Chain New York Herald Tribune p 1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1322542655 a b Statler Hotel Chain Bought by Hilton Record Transaction May Involve Total Investment of 76 000 000 Los Angeles Times August 4 1954 p A1 ProQuest 166667836 Hilton Obeying Decree Sells Hotel New Yorker New York Herald Tribune May 15 1956 p 18 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1325258852 Bradley John A February 12 1956 Hotels Consider Air Conditioning Action is Taken to Provide for Climate Control in All of Guest Rooms The New York Times p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 113906724 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Hilton Hotels 1957 Annual Report digitalcollections lib uh edu Archived from the original on August 14 2021 Retrieved August 14 2021 a b c Personal Appearances Zeckendorf Jr In 24 Mil Deal To Buy Statler Hilton Hotel Variety Vol 293 no 12 January 24 1979 p 88 ProQuest 1401344213 Hilton Hotels 1960 Annual Report Archived from the original on December 20 2022 Retrieved December 20 2022 Hilton Hotels Set to Sell New York Statler Hilton Wall Street Journal January 19 1979 p 4 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 134323252 a b c Statler Hilton In N Y Being Sold The Washington Post February 3 1979 p E32 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 147159963 Hilton Completes Sale of Hotel Wall Street Journal May 18 1979 p 20 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 134372479 Hilton Estimates Gain On Property Disposals Wall Street Journal June 7 1979 p 16 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22 2022 Department of City Planning 2010 p 20 Forsyth Jennifer S January 9 2008 Merrill Shelves Plan For New Headquarters Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Arak Joey January 9 2008 Merrill Lynch Staying Put Hotel Pennsylvania Safe Curbed NY Archived from the original on November 22 2022 Retrieved November 22 2022 Luxenberg Stan April 7 2008 Less goes up prices come down Crain s New York Business Vol 24 no 14 p 21 ProQuest 219155005 Forsyth Jennifer S June 4 2008 Vornado Lowers Sights Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 1 2022 Retrieved December 1 2022 Hotel Penn Threatened With Demolition Hope Conferences in Jeopardy January 17 2007 Archived from the original on January 26 2007 a b The Hotel Pennsylvania Preservation Society Savehotelpenn org Archived from the original on October 26 2014 Retrieved July 17 2014 New York State Assembly Member Section Assembly state ny us 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