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Gunpei Yokoi

January 01, 1970

In this Japanese name, the surname is Yokoi.

Gunpei Yokoi (横井 軍平, Yokoi Gunpei, September 10, 1941 – October 4, 1997), sometimes transliterated as Gumpei Yokoi, was a Japanese toy maker and video game designer. As a long-time Nintendo employee, he was best known as creator of the Game & Watch handheld system, inventor of the cross-shaped Control Pad, the original designer of the Game Boy, and producer of a few long-running and critically acclaimed video game franchises such as Metroid and Kid Icarus.

Gunpei Yokoi
横井 軍平
Yokoi in 1995
Born(1941-09-10)September 10, 1941[1]
Kyoto, Japan[1]
DiedOctober 4, 1997(1997-10-04) (aged 56)
Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
Alma materDoshisha University
Occupations
Years active1965–1997

Career edit

Yokoi graduated from Doshisha University with a degree in electronics. He was first hired by Nintendo in 1965 to maintain the assembly-line machines used to manufacture its hanafuda cards.[2]

In 1966, Hiroshi Yamauchi, president of Nintendo, came to a hanafuda factory where Yokoi was working and took notice of a toy, an extending arm that Yokoi made for his own amusement during spare time while doing maintenance. Yamauchi ordered Yokoi to develop it as a proper product for the Christmas rush. The Ultra Hand was a huge success, and Yokoi was asked to work on other Nintendo toys, including the Ten Billion Barrel puzzle, a miniature remote-controlled vacuum cleaner called the Chiritory, a baseball-throwing machine called the Ultra Machine, and a "Love Tester". He worked on toys until the company decided to make video games in 1974,[3] when he became one of its first game designers, only preceded by Genyo Takeda.[4] While traveling on the Shinkansen, Yokoi supposedly saw a bored businessman playing with an LCD calculator by pressing the buttons. Yokoi then got the idea for a watch that doubled as a miniature video gaming pastime.[5]

In 1981, Yamauchi appointed Yokoi to supervise Donkey Kong, an arcade game created by Shigeru Miyamoto.[6] Yokoi explained many of the intricacies of game design to Miyamoto at the beginning of his career, and the project only came to be approved after Yokoi brought Miyamoto's game ideas to the president's attention.[7]

After the worldwide success of Donkey Kong, Yokoi continued to work with Miyamoto on the next Mario game, Mario Bros.[7] He proposed the multiplayer concept and convinced his co-worker to give Mario some superhuman abilities, such as the ability to jump unharmed from great heights.[7]

 
Yokoi is best known for his contribution in the creation of the Game Boy.
 
Yokoi's Virtual Boy (1995)

After Mario Bros., Yokoi produced several R&D1 games, such as Kid Icarus and Metroid.[8] He designed R.O.B.[9] and the Game Boy, the latter of which became a worldwide success.[8] Another of his creations, the Virtual Boy, was a commercial failure. Nintendo has denied that the Virtual Boy's poor performance in the market was the reason for Yokoi's subsequent departure from the company,[10] holding that his retirement was "absolutely coincidental" to the market performance of any Nintendo hardware.[11] According to his Nintendo and Koto colleague Yoshihiro Taki, Yokoi had originally decided to retire at age 50 to do as he pleased but had simply delayed it.[12] According to David Sheff's book Game Over, Yokoi never actually intended for the console to be released in its present form. However, Nintendo pushed the Virtual Boy to market so that it could focus development resources on the Nintendo 64.[13]

 
WonderSwan

Amid the failure of the Virtual Boy and the launch of the more successful Game Boy Pocket, Yokoi left Nintendo on August 15, 1996 after thirty-one years at the company. Leaving with several of his subordinates to form a new company called Koto, Yokoi led the development of the Bandai WonderSwan handheld game console.[14][15]

Lateral Thinking with Withered Technology edit

Yokoi said "The Nintendo way of adapting technology is not to look for the state of the art but to utilize mature technology that can be mass-produced cheaply."[13] He articulated his philosophy of "Lateral Thinking of Withered Technology" (枯れた技術の水平思考, "Kareta Gijutsu no Suihei Shikō") (also translated as "Lateral Thinking with Seasoned Technology"), in the book Yokoi Gunpei Game House. "Withered technology" in this context refers to a mature technology which is cheap and well understood. "Lateral thinking" refers to finding radical new ways of using such technology. Yokoi held that toys and games do not necessarily require cutting-edge technology; novel and fun gameplay are more important. In the interview, he suggested that expensive cutting-edge technology can get in the way of developing a new product.[16]

Game & Watch was developed based on this philosophy.[17] At the time of its development, Sharp and Casio were fiercely competing in the digital calculator market. For this reason, there was a glut of liquid crystal displays and semiconductors. The "lateral thinking" was to find an original and fun use for this cheap and abundant technology. The NES and Game Boy were developed under a similar philosophy.[18] In the handheld market, Yokoi's refusal to adopt a color display for the Game Boy, in favor of long battery life, is cited as the main reason it prevailed against Sega's Game Gear and Atari's Lynx.[18]

Satoru Iwata, CEO of Nintendo from 2002 until his death in 2015, claimed that this philosophy has been passed on to the disciples of Yokoi, such as Miyamoto, and it continues to show itself in Nintendo's then current use of technology, with the highly successful Nintendo DS and Wii.[19]

The Wii's internal technology was similar to that of Nintendo's previous home console, the GameCube, and was not as advanced in terms of computational capability and multimedia versatility compared to its competitors: the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Instead, the system offered something completely different by introducing motion-based controls to the console market in an attempt to change the ways video games are played, and consequently, to widen the audience for video games in general. This strategy demonstrated Nintendo's belief that graphical advancement isn't the only way to make progress in gaming technology; indeed, after the Wii's overwhelming success, Sony and Microsoft released their own motion control peripherals. Nintendo's emphasis on peripherals for the Wii has also been pointed to as an example of Yokoi's "lateral thinking" at work.[20]

Death edit

On October 4, 1997, Yokoi was riding in a car driven by his associate Etsuo Kiso on the Hokuriku Expressway, when the vehicle rear-ended a truck.[21][22][23] After the two men had left the car to inspect the damage, Yokoi was hit and injured by a passing car. The driver of the car that hit Yokoi in the second accident was Gen Tsushima, a member of the tourism industry.[23] Yokoi's death was confirmed two hours later.[5][24] Kiso suffered only a fractured rib.[8]

Legacy edit

The title of his main biography from 2010 translates from Japanese as Father of Games – Gunpei Yokoi, the Man Who Created Nintendo's DNA.[14] A 1997 book's title translates to Yokoi's House of Gaming,[25] which was explored in English in 2010 by Tokyo Scum Brigade.[26] A 2014 book about him is Gunpei Yokoi: The Life & Philosophy of Nintendo's God of Toys.[27]

In 2003, Yokoi posthumously received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Game Developers Association.[28] GameTrailers placed him on their lists for the "Top Ten Game Creators".[29] An art gallery in Japan created an art exhibit in 2010 titled "The Man Who Was Called the God of Games" featuring all his key Nintendo works.[30] In 1999, Bandai began releasing a series of handheld puzzle games named Gunpey as a tribute to their original creator, Yokoi.[31]

Works edit

Designer edit

Producer edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Winnie Forster (2008). Computer and video game makers (in German). Gameplan. p. 364. ISBN 9783000215841.
  2. ^ "Forgotten Giant: The Brilliant Life and Tragic Death of Gunpei Yokoi". Game Informer. Vol. 12, no. 105. January 2002. p. 116.
  3. ^ Fleming, Dan (1996). Powerplay. Manchester University Press ND. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7190-4717-6.
  4. ^ "The Proposition is to Use Two Televisions". Iwata Asks: Punch-Out!!. Nintendo of America, Inc. 13 September 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  5. ^ a b Crigger, Lara (6 March 2007). . Escapistmagazine.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  6. ^ Kent 158.
  7. ^ a b c "Mario Couldn't Jump At First". Iwata Asks: New Super Mario Bros. Wii. Nintendo of America, Inc. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  8. ^ a b c "Farewell, Game Boy". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 102. Ziff Davis. December 1998. p. 20.
  9. ^ US application 4815733, Gunpei Yokoi, "Photosensing video game control system", issued 28 March 1989, assigned to Nintendo Co Ltd 
  10. ^ "Profile: Gunpei Yokoi". Nsidr. 23 October 2000. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  11. ^ "Nintendo's Leap into the Unknown". Next Generation. No. 23. Imagine Media. November 1997. p. 16.
  12. ^ Inoue, Osamu (27 April 2010). Nintendo Magic: Winning the Videogame Wars. Paul Tuttle Starr (translator). Vertical. ISBN 978-1934287224.
  13. ^ a b Sheff, David; Eddy, Andy (1999). Game Over: How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children. GamePress. ISBN 978-0-9669617-0-6. OCLC 26214063.
  14. ^ a b Makino, Takefumi (2010). Father of Games – Gunpei Yokoi, the Man Who Created Nintendo's DNA (ゲームの父・横井軍平伝 任天堂のＤＮＡを創造した男, Geemu no Chichi, Yokoi Gunpei Den: Nintendo no DNA wo Souzou Shita Otoko) (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. ISBN 978-4-04-885058-2.
  15. ^ "Nintendo Key Figures - Gunpei Yokoi (横井軍平)". beforemario. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  16. ^ Yokoi, Gunpei; Makino, Takefumi (May 1997). Yokoi Gunpei Game House (横井軍平ゲーム館, Yokoi Gunpei Gēmu-kan). ASCII. ISBN 978-4-89366-696-3.
  17. ^ Ryan, Jeff. Super Mario: How Nintendo Conquered America. Penguin. 2011.
  18. ^ a b Parish, Jeremy. The Troubled Past and Challenging Future of Nintendo 3DS: What the 3DS owes to Virtual Boy (and how it's different) 11 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 1up.com. 31 March 2011.
  19. ^ "後藤弘茂のWeekly海外ニュース". pc.watch.impress.co.jp.
  20. ^ Jones, Steven E. and Thiruvathukal, George K. Codename Revolution: The Nintendo Wii Platform. MIT Press. 2012.
  21. ^ "Virtual Boy – What about Channel 4?". www.rfgeneration.com. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  22. ^ "Game Boy Inventor Dies in Car Crash". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. 6 October 1997. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  23. ^ a b Brian Ashcraft (7 April 2011). "The Father of the Game Boy Was Not Killed By Yakuza". Kotaku.com. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  24. ^ . Stars.ign.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  25. ^ Yokoi, Kohei; Makino, Takefumi (1997). Yokoi's House of Gaming (横井軍平ゲーム館) (in Japanese). ASCII. ISBN 978-4893666963.
  26. ^ "Yokoi Gunpei's House of Gaming: The Toymaker". Tokyo Scum Brigade. 5 April 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  27. ^ Various (9 January 2014). Gunpei Yokoi: The Life & Philosophy of Nintendo's God of Toys. Les Editions Pix'N Love. ISBN 978-2918272243.
  28. ^ . 20 February 2003. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  29. ^ "Top Ten Game Creators". Gametrailers.com. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  30. ^ Walker, Matt (24 August 2010). "Gunpei Yokoi Exhibit in Harakuju: "The Man Who Was Called the God of Games"". Nintendo World Report. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  31. ^ "TGS 2006: Gunpey". IGN. 2 November 2006. from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.

External links edit

  • Gunpei Yokoi's Lifetime Achievement Award
  • Searching for Gunpei Yokoi 26 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine

January 01, 1970
gunpei, yokoi, this, japanese, name, surname, yokoi, 横井, 軍平, yokoi, gunpei, september, 1941, october, 1997, sometimes, transliterated, gumpei, yokoi, japanese, maker, video, game, designer, long, time, nintendo, employee, best, known, creator, game, watch, han. In this Japanese name the surname is Yokoi Gunpei Yokoi 横井 軍平 Yokoi Gunpei September 10 1941 October 4 1997 sometimes transliterated as Gumpei Yokoi was a Japanese toy maker and video game designer As a long time Nintendo employee he was best known as creator of the Game amp Watch handheld system inventor of the cross shaped Control Pad the original designer of the Game Boy and producer of a few long running and critically acclaimed video game franchises such as Metroid and Kid Icarus Gunpei Yokoi横井 軍平Yokoi in 1995Born 1941 09 10 September 10 1941 1 Kyoto Japan 1 DiedOctober 4 1997 1997 10 04 aged 56 Komatsu Ishikawa JapanAlma materDoshisha UniversityOccupationsToy makergame designergame producerYears active1965 1997 Contents 1 Career 2 Lateral Thinking with Withered Technology 3 Death 4 Legacy 5 Works 5 1 Designer 5 2 Producer 6 References 7 External linksCareer editYokoi graduated from Doshisha University with a degree in electronics He was first hired by Nintendo in 1965 to maintain the assembly line machines used to manufacture its hanafuda cards 2 In 1966 Hiroshi Yamauchi president of Nintendo came to a hanafuda factory where Yokoi was working and took notice of a toy an extending arm that Yokoi made for his own amusement during spare time while doing maintenance Yamauchi ordered Yokoi to develop it as a proper product for the Christmas rush The Ultra Hand was a huge success and Yokoi was asked to work on other Nintendo toys including the Ten Billion Barrel puzzle a miniature remote controlled vacuum cleaner called the Chiritory a baseball throwing machine called the Ultra Machine and a Love Tester He worked on toys until the company decided to make video games in 1974 3 when he became one of its first game designers only preceded by Genyo Takeda 4 While traveling on the Shinkansen Yokoi supposedly saw a bored businessman playing with an LCD calculator by pressing the buttons Yokoi then got the idea for a watch that doubled as a miniature video gaming pastime 5 In 1981 Yamauchi appointed Yokoi to supervise Donkey Kong an arcade game created by Shigeru Miyamoto 6 Yokoi explained many of the intricacies of game design to Miyamoto at the beginning of his career and the project only came to be approved after Yokoi brought Miyamoto s game ideas to the president s attention 7 After the worldwide success of Donkey Kong Yokoi continued to work with Miyamoto on the next Mario game Mario Bros 7 He proposed the multiplayer concept and convinced his co worker to give Mario some superhuman abilities such as the ability to jump unharmed from great heights 7 nbsp Yokoi is best known for his contribution in the creation of the Game Boy nbsp Yokoi s Virtual Boy 1995 After Mario Bros Yokoi produced several R amp D1 games such as Kid Icarus and Metroid 8 He designed R O B 9 and the Game Boy the latter of which became a worldwide success 8 Another of his creations the Virtual Boy was a commercial failure Nintendo has denied that the Virtual Boy s poor performance in the market was the reason for Yokoi s subsequent departure from the company 10 holding that his retirement was absolutely coincidental to the market performance of any Nintendo hardware 11 According to his Nintendo and Koto colleague Yoshihiro Taki Yokoi had originally decided to retire at age 50 to do as he pleased but had simply delayed it 12 According to David Sheff s book Game Over Yokoi never actually intended for the console to be released in its present form However Nintendo pushed the Virtual Boy to market so that it could focus development resources on the Nintendo 64 13 nbsp WonderSwan Amid the failure of the Virtual Boy and the launch of the more successful Game Boy Pocket Yokoi left Nintendo on August 15 1996 after thirty one years at the company Leaving with several of his subordinates to form a new company called Koto Yokoi led the development of the Bandai WonderSwan handheld game console 14 15 Lateral Thinking with Withered Technology editYokoi said The Nintendo way of adapting technology is not to look for the state of the art but to utilize mature technology that can be mass produced cheaply 13 He articulated his philosophy of Lateral Thinking of Withered Technology 枯れた技術の水平思考 Kareta Gijutsu no Suihei Shikō also translated as Lateral Thinking with Seasoned Technology in the book Yokoi Gunpei Game House Withered technology in this context refers to a mature technology which is cheap and well understood Lateral thinking refers to finding radical new ways of using such technology Yokoi held that toys and games do not necessarily require cutting edge technology novel and fun gameplay are more important In the interview he suggested that expensive cutting edge technology can get in the way of developing a new product 16 Game amp Watch was developed based on this philosophy 17 At the time of its development Sharp and Casio were fiercely competing in the digital calculator market For this reason there was a glut of liquid crystal displays and semiconductors The lateral thinking was to find an original and fun use for this cheap and abundant technology The NES and Game Boy were developed under a similar philosophy 18 In the handheld market Yokoi s refusal to adopt a color display for the Game Boy in favor of long battery life is cited as the main reason it prevailed against Sega s Game Gear and Atari s Lynx 18 Satoru Iwata CEO of Nintendo from 2002 until his death in 2015 claimed that this philosophy has been passed on to the disciples of Yokoi such as Miyamoto and it continues to show itself in Nintendo s then current use of technology with the highly successful Nintendo DS and Wii 19 The Wii s internal technology was similar to that of Nintendo s previous home console the GameCube and was not as advanced in terms of computational capability and multimedia versatility compared to its competitors the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 Instead the system offered something completely different by introducing motion based controls to the console market in an attempt to change the ways video games are played and consequently to widen the audience for video games in general This strategy demonstrated Nintendo s belief that graphical advancement isn t the only way to make progress in gaming technology indeed after the Wii s overwhelming success Sony and Microsoft released their own motion control peripherals Nintendo s emphasis on peripherals for the Wii has also been pointed to as an example of Yokoi s lateral thinking at work 20 Death editOn October 4 1997 Yokoi was riding in a car driven by his associate Etsuo Kiso on the Hokuriku Expressway when the vehicle rear ended a truck 21 22 23 After the two men had left the car to inspect the damage Yokoi was hit and injured by a passing car The driver of the car that hit Yokoi in the second accident was Gen Tsushima a member of the tourism industry 23 Yokoi s death was confirmed two hours later 5 24 Kiso suffered only a fractured rib 8 Legacy editThe title of his main biography from 2010 translates from Japanese as Father of Games Gunpei Yokoi the Man Who Created Nintendo s DNA 14 A 1997 book s title translates to Yokoi s House of Gaming 25 which was explored in English in 2010 by Tokyo Scum Brigade 26 A 2014 book about him is Gunpei Yokoi The Life amp Philosophy of Nintendo s God of Toys 27 In 2003 Yokoi posthumously received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Game Developers Association 28 GameTrailers placed him on their lists for the Top Ten Game Creators 29 An art gallery in Japan created an art exhibit in 2010 titled The Man Who Was Called the God of Games featuring all his key Nintendo works 30 In 1999 Bandai began releasing a series of handheld puzzle games named Gunpey as a tribute to their original creator Yokoi 31 Works editDesigner edit Ultra Hand 1966 Ultra Machine 1968 Love Tester 1969 Light Ray Gun SP Series 1970 Eleconga 1970 NB Block Crater 1970 Ultra Scope 1971 Light Ray Telephone LT 1971 Lefty RX 1972 Time Shock 1972 Laser Clay Shooting System 1973 Wild Gunman 1974 Shooting Trainer 1974 Light Ray Gun Custom Series 1976 Duck Hunt 1977 Battle Shark Skyhawk 1977 Radio Controlled Cleaner 1979 Nintendo Tumbler Puzzle 1980 Game amp Watch 1980 Computer Mahjong 1982 D pad 1983 Famicom Controller 1983 R O B 1985 NES Zapper 1985 Game Boy 1989 Super Scope 1992 Virtual Boy 1995 Game Boy Pocket 1996 WonderSwan 1999 released posthumously Gunpey 1999 released posthumously Producer edit Donkey Kong 1981 Donkey Kong Jr 1982 Mario Bros 1983 Donkey Kong 3 1983 Wild Gunman 1984 Duck Hunt 1984 Hogan s Alley 1984 Urban Champion 1984 Balloon Fight 1985 Wrecking Crew 1985 Stack Up 1985 Gyromite 1985 Gumshoe 1986 Metroid 1986 Kid Icarus 1986 Nakayama Miho no Tokimeki High School 1987 Famicom Detective Club The Missing Heir 1988 Famicom Wars 1988 Tetris 1989 Super Mario Land 1989 Famicom Detective Club The Girl Who Stands Behind 1989 Solar Striker 1990 Fire Emblem Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light 1990 Dr Mario 1990 Balloon Kid 1990 Metroid II Return of Samus 1991 Kid Icarus Of Myths and Monsters 1991 Fire Emblem Gaiden 1992 X 1992 Mario Paint 1992 Super Mario Land 2 6 Golden Coins 1992 Battle Clash 1992 Yoshi s Cookie 1992 Metal Combat Falcon s Revenge 1993 Wario Land Super Mario Land 3 1994 Fire Emblem Mystery of the Emblem 1994 Mario s Tennis 1995 Mario Clash 1995 Panel de Pon 1995 Virtual Boy Wario Land 1995 Kirby s Block Ball 1995 3D Tetris 1996 Fire Emblem Genealogy of the Holy War 1996 References edit a b Winnie Forster 2008 Computer and video game makers in German Gameplan p 364 ISBN 9783000215841 Forgotten Giant The Brilliant Life and Tragic Death of Gunpei Yokoi Game Informer Vol 12 no 105 January 2002 p 116 Fleming Dan 1996 Powerplay Manchester University Press ND p 180 ISBN 978 0 7190 4717 6 The Proposition is to Use Two Televisions Iwata Asks Punch Out Nintendo of America Inc 13 September 2009 Retrieved 18 March 2015 a b Crigger Lara 6 March 2007 The Escapist Searching for Gunpei Yokoi Escapistmagazine com Archived from the original on 18 April 2020 Retrieved 1 June 2011 Kent 158 a b c Mario Couldn t Jump At First Iwata Asks New Super Mario Bros Wii Nintendo of America Inc 13 November 2009 Retrieved 18 March 2015 a b c Farewell Game Boy Electronic Gaming Monthly No 102 Ziff Davis December 1998 p 20 US application 4815733 Gunpei Yokoi Photosensing video game control system issued 28 March 1989 assigned to Nintendo Co Ltd Profile Gunpei Yokoi Nsidr 23 October 2000 Retrieved 3 July 2019 Nintendo s Leap into the Unknown Next Generation No 23 Imagine Media November 1997 p 16 Inoue Osamu 27 April 2010 Nintendo Magic Winning the Videogame Wars Paul Tuttle Starr translator Vertical ISBN 978 1934287224 a b Sheff David Eddy Andy 1999 Game Over How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry Captured Your Dollars and Enslaved Your Children GamePress ISBN 978 0 9669617 0 6 OCLC 26214063 a b Makino Takefumi 2010 Father of Games Gunpei Yokoi the Man Who Created Nintendo s DNA ゲームの父 横井軍平伝 任天堂のＤＮＡを創造した男 Geemu no Chichi Yokoi Gunpei Den Nintendo no DNA wo Souzou Shita Otoko in Japanese Kadokawa Shoten ISBN 978 4 04 885058 2 Nintendo Key Figures Gunpei Yokoi 横井軍平 beforemario 8 March 2011 Retrieved 12 July 2019 Yokoi Gunpei Makino Takefumi May 1997 Yokoi Gunpei Game House 横井軍平ゲーム館 Yokoi Gunpei Gemu kan ASCII ISBN 978 4 89366 696 3 Ryan Jeff Super Mario How Nintendo Conquered America Penguin 2011 a b Parish Jeremy The Troubled Past and Challenging Future of Nintendo 3DS What the 3DS owes to Virtual Boy and how it s different Archived 11 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine 1up com 31 March 2011 後藤弘茂のWeekly海外ニュース pc watch impress co jp Jones Steven E and Thiruvathukal George K Codename Revolution The Nintendo Wii Platform MIT Press 2012 Virtual Boy What about Channel 4 www rfgeneration com Retrieved 16 April 2019 Game Boy Inventor Dies in Car Crash IGN IGN Entertainment Inc 6 October 1997 Retrieved 27 July 2011 a b Brian Ashcraft 7 April 2011 The Father of the Game Boy Was Not Killed By Yakuza Kotaku com Retrieved 18 June 2011 IGN Gunpei Yokoi Biography Stars ign com Archived from the original on 13 September 2008 Retrieved 1 June 2011 Yokoi Kohei Makino Takefumi 1997 Yokoi s House of Gaming 横井軍平ゲーム館 in Japanese ASCII ISBN 978 4893666963 Yokoi Gunpei s House of Gaming The Toymaker Tokyo Scum Brigade 5 April 2010 Retrieved 12 July 2019 Various 9 January 2014 Gunpei Yokoi The Life amp Philosophy of Nintendo s God of Toys Les Editions Pix N Love ISBN 978 2918272243 Game Boy Creator Gunpei Yokoi to Receive IGDA S Lifetime Achievement Award At The 3rd Annual Game Developers Choice Awards 20 February 2003 Archived from the original on 15 June 2011 Retrieved 27 November 2010 Top Ten Game Creators Gametrailers com Retrieved 24 January 2013 Walker Matt 24 August 2010 Gunpei Yokoi Exhibit in Harakuju The Man Who Was Called the God of Games Nintendo World Report Retrieved 12 July 2019 TGS 2006 Gunpey IGN 2 November 2006 Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 External links editGunpei Yokoi s Lifetime Achievement Award N Sider Profile Gunpei Yokoi N Sider History of R amp D 1 Gunpei Yokoi In Memoriam 1941 1997 Searching for Gunpei Yokoi Archived 26 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine Twenty Years of the Game Boy Celebrating Gunpei Yokoi s Genius Portals nbsp Japan nbsp Biography nbsp Video games Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gunpei Yokoi amp oldid 1219791270, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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