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Hanafuda

January 07, 2023

Hanafuda (花札, "flower cards")[1][2] are a style of Japanese playing cards. They are typically smaller than Western playing cards, only 2+1⁄8 by 1+1⁄4 inches (5.4 by 3.2 cm), but thicker and stiffer.[3] On the face of each card is a depiction of plants, tanzaku (短冊), animals, birds, or man-made objects.[4][5] One single card depicts a human. The back side is usually plain, without a pattern or design of any kind, and traditionally coloured either red or black. Hanafuda are used to play a variety of games including Koi-Koi and Hachi-Hachi.

A typical setup with hanafuda for playing Koi-Koi

In Korea, hanafuda are known as Hwatu (Korean: 화투, Hanja: 花鬪, "battle of flowers") and made of plastic with a textured back side.[6] The most popular games are Go-stop (Korean: 고스톱) and Seotda (Korean: 섯다). Hwatu is very commonly played in South Korea during special holidays such as Lunar New Year and Chuseok (추석).[7]

In Hawaii, hanafuda is used to play Sakura.[8] Hanafuda is also played in Micronesia, where it is known as Hanahuda and is used to play a four-person game, which is often paired cross-table.[9]

History

Main article: Karuta

Playing cards were introduced to Japan by the Portuguese in the mid-16th century. The Portuguese deck consisted of 48 cards, with four suits divided into 12 ranks. The first Japanese-made decks made during the Tenshō period (1573–1592) mimicked Portuguese decks and are referred to as Tenshō Karuta. The main game was a trick-taking game intermediate in evolution between Triunfo and Ombre.[10] After Japan closed off all contact with the Western world in 1633, foreign playing cards were banned.[11]

In 1648, Tenshō Karuta were banned by the Tokugawa shogunate.[12] During prohibition, gambling with cards remained highly popular which led to disguised card designs. Each time gambling with a card deck of a particular design became too popular, the government banned it, which then prompted the creation of a new design. This cat-and-mouse game between the government and rebellious gamblers resulted in the creation of increasingly abstract and minimalist regional patterns (地方札). These designs were initially called Yomi Karuta after the popular Poch-like game of Yomi which was known by the 1680s.[13]

Through the Meiwa, An'ei, and Tenmei eras (roughly 1764–1789), a game called Mekuri took the place of Yomi. It became so popular that Yomi Karuta was renamed Mekuri Karuta.[13] Mechanically, Mekuri is similar to Chinese fishing games.[14] Cards became so commonly used for gambling that they were banned in 1791, during the Kansei era.

The earliest known reference to Hana Awase (a previous version of hanafuda) is from 1816 when it was recorded as a banned gambling tool. Unlike earlier decks it consists of 12 months (suits) divided into four rank-like categories. The majority of hanafuda games are descended from Mekuri although Yomi adaptations for the flower cards survived until the 20th century.[13] Though they can still be used for gambling, its structure and design is less convenient than other decks such as Kabufuda. In the Meiji period, playing cards became tolerated by the authorities.

 
Marufuku Nintendo Card Company building in Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto

In 1889, Fusajiro Yamauchi founded Nintendo for the purposes of producing and selling hand-crafted hanafuda.[15] Nintendo has focused on video games since the 1970s but continues to produce cards in Japan, including themed sets based on Mario, Pokémon, and Kirby.[16][17][18] The Koi-Koi game played with hanafuda is included in Nintendo's own Clubhouse Games (2006) for the Nintendo DS, and Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics (2020) for the Nintendo Switch.[19]

Hanafuda were likely introduced to Korea during the late 1890s[20][21] and to Hawaii in the early 1900s.[8]

Cards

There are 48 cards total, divided into twelve suits, representing months of the year. Each suit is designated by a flower and has four cards.[22] An extra blank card may be included to serve as a replacement. In Korean Hwatu decks, several joker cards (조커패) award various bonuses.[23]

The standard categorizations and point values for each card are as follows. Note that some games change the point values or categorizations of the cards. For example, in the game Hachi-Hachi, all of the November cards count as kasu, and in the game Sakura, the values of the cards are different.

Month / Suit

Flower

Hikari

(20 points)

Tane

(10 points)

Tanzaku

(5 points)

Kasu

(1 point)

January

Pine

  Crane and Sun   Poetry tanzaku     2 cards
February

Plum blossom

  Bush warbler   Poetry tanzaku     2 cards
March

Cherry blossom

  Curtain   Poetry tanzaku     2 cards
April

Wisteria

  Cuckoo   Plain tanzaku     2 cards
May

Iris

  Eight-plank bridge   Plain tanzaku     2 cards
June

Peony

  Butterflies   Blue tanzaku     2 cards
July

Bush clover

  Boar   Plain tanzaku     2 cards
August

Susuki grass[a]

   Full moon   Geese     2 cards
September

Chrysanthemum

  Sake cup   Blue tanzaku     2 cards
October

Maple

  Deer   Blue tanzaku     2 cards
November

Willow

  Ono no Michikaze   Swallow   Plain tanzaku   Lightning 1 card
December

Paulownia

  Chinese phoenix       3 cards

※ In the Korean Hwatu version, the November and December suits are swapped.

Text significance

A few cards in hanafuda contain Japanese text. In addition to the examples below, the December kasu cards typically display the manufacturer's name and marks, similar to the Ace of spades in western playing cards.

Cards Description
    akayoroshi (あかよろし, "red is good") with the hentaigana character 𛀙 for ka
  mi-Yoshino (みよしの) refers to Yoshino, Nara, known for its Somei-Yoshino hybrid cherry trees
  kotobuki (寿, "long life")

Games

Mekuri-derived games:

Yomi-derived games:

  • Poka
  • Hiyoko
  • Isuri

Gabo Japgi/Kabufuda-derived games:

  • Seotda
  • Doryjytgo-ttang

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Sometimes 芒 susuki is translated as pampas (grass).

References

  1. ^ McLeod, John. "Games played with Flower Cards". pagat.com. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  2. ^ Pakarnian, John, "Game Boy: Glossary of Japanese Gambling Games", Metropolis, January 22, 2010, p. 15.
  3. ^ "Hanafuda | cards". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  4. ^ "映画「ちはやふる」の隠れた聖地！京都・大石天狗堂". ORICON NEWS. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  5. ^ "The Sloperama Hanafuda/Go-Stop Zone". www.sloperama.com. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  6. ^ "[한국이 모르는 일본] [4] 화투의 탄생". news.zum.com (in Korean). 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  7. ^ "⑧추석에 빠질 수 없는 '국민놀이' 화투의 비밀". 일요시사 (in Korean). 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  8. ^ a b "Hanafuda - Hawaii style". West Hawaii Today. West Hawaii Today. 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  9. ^ Iramk, Charlene. "Hanahuda". Hanahuda. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  10. ^ Depaulis, Thierry (2009). "Playing the Game: Iberian Triumphs Worldwide". The Playing-Card. Vol 38-2, p. 134-137.
  11. ^ Harris, Blake J., Console Wars: Sega, Nintendo, and the Battle that Defined a Generation, It Books, 2014-May-13. ISBN 978-0062276698. "Chapter 5"
  12. ^ Mann, Sylvia; Wayland, Virginia (1973). The Dragons of Portugal. Farnham: Sanford. p. 46.
  13. ^ a b c Kuromiya Kimihiko. (2005). "Kakkuri: The Last Yomi Game of Japan". The Playing-Card, Vol 33-4. p. 232-235.
  14. ^ McLeod, John; Dummett, Michael (1975). "Hachi-Hachi". The Playing-Card. 3 (4): 26–39.
  15. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (March 30, 2022). "The Traditional Beauty Of Nintendo's Playing Cards". Kotaku. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
  16. ^ "Nintendo To Release Mario-Themed Japanese Playing Cards". Kotaku Australia. 2015-10-21. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  17. ^ "Koi-koi! Nintendo's Pokemon hanafuda cards hitting Japan". Destructoid. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  18. ^ "「星のカービィ」が花札に オリジナル役も収録". ねとらぼ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  19. ^ Lane, Gavin. "Nintendo Shares A Handy Infographic Featuring All 51 Worldwide Classic Clubhouse Games". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
  20. ^ Kim, Kwang-ŏn. (2004). Tong Asia ŭi nori. Seoul: Minsogwŏn. ISBN 89-5638-121-6. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  21. ^ Fairbairn, John (1991). "Modern Korean cards - a Japanese perspective". The Playing-Card. 20 (2): 68–72.
  22. ^ "Hanafuda: Japanese "Flower Cards" Designed to Circumvent Ban on Western Decks". 99% Invisible. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  23. ^ Sloper, Tom. "Go-Stop". www.sloperama.com. Retrieved 20 December 2017.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanafuda.
 
Look up hanafuda in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Hanafuda at BoardGameGeek
  • Hanafuda rules
  • Commentary on Hanafuda cards, including Korean variants

January 07, 2023
hanafuda, 花札, flower, cards, style, japanese, playing, cards, they, typically, smaller, than, western, playing, cards, only, inches, thicker, stiffer, face, each, card, depiction, plants, tanzaku, 短冊, animals, birds, made, objects, single, card, depicts, human. Hanafuda 花札 flower cards 1 2 are a style of Japanese playing cards They are typically smaller than Western playing cards only 2 1 8 by 1 1 4 inches 5 4 by 3 2 cm but thicker and stiffer 3 On the face of each card is a depiction of plants tanzaku 短冊 animals birds or man made objects 4 5 One single card depicts a human The back side is usually plain without a pattern or design of any kind and traditionally coloured either red or black Hanafuda are used to play a variety of games including Koi Koi and Hachi Hachi A typical setup with hanafuda for playing Koi Koi In Korea hanafuda are known as Hwatu Korean 화투 Hanja 花鬪 battle of flowers and made of plastic with a textured back side 6 The most popular games are Go stop Korean 고스톱 and Seotda Korean 섯다 Hwatu is very commonly played in South Korea during special holidays such as Lunar New Year and Chuseok 추석 7 In Hawaii hanafuda is used to play Sakura 8 Hanafuda is also played in Micronesia where it is known as Hanahuda and is used to play a four person game which is often paired cross table 9 Contents 1 History 2 Cards 2 1 Text significance 3 Games 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditMain article Karuta Playing cards were introduced to Japan by the Portuguese in the mid 16th century The Portuguese deck consisted of 48 cards with four suits divided into 12 ranks The first Japanese made decks made during the Tenshō period 1573 1592 mimicked Portuguese decks and are referred to as Tenshō Karuta The main game was a trick taking game intermediate in evolution between Triunfo and Ombre 10 After Japan closed off all contact with the Western world in 1633 foreign playing cards were banned 11 In 1648 Tenshō Karuta were banned by the Tokugawa shogunate 12 During prohibition gambling with cards remained highly popular which led to disguised card designs Each time gambling with a card deck of a particular design became too popular the government banned it which then prompted the creation of a new design This cat and mouse game between the government and rebellious gamblers resulted in the creation of increasingly abstract and minimalist regional patterns 地方札 These designs were initially called Yomi Karuta after the popular Poch like game of Yomi which was known by the 1680s 13 Through the Meiwa An ei and Tenmei eras roughly 1764 1789 a game called Mekuri took the place of Yomi It became so popular that Yomi Karuta was renamed Mekuri Karuta 13 Mechanically Mekuri is similar to Chinese fishing games 14 Cards became so commonly used for gambling that they were banned in 1791 during the Kansei era The earliest known reference to Hana Awase a previous version of hanafuda is from 1816 when it was recorded as a banned gambling tool Unlike earlier decks it consists of 12 months suits divided into four rank like categories The majority of hanafuda games are descended from Mekuri although Yomi adaptations for the flower cards survived until the 20th century 13 Though they can still be used for gambling its structure and design is less convenient than other decks such as Kabufuda In the Meiji period playing cards became tolerated by the authorities Marufuku Nintendo Card Company building in Shimogyō ku Kyoto In 1889 Fusajiro Yamauchi founded Nintendo for the purposes of producing and selling hand crafted hanafuda 15 Nintendo has focused on video games since the 1970s but continues to produce cards in Japan including themed sets based on Mario Pokemon and Kirby 16 17 18 The Koi Koi game played with hanafuda is included in Nintendo s own Clubhouse Games 2006 for the Nintendo DS and Clubhouse Games 51 Worldwide Classics 2020 for the Nintendo Switch 19 Hanafuda were likely introduced to Korea during the late 1890s 20 21 and to Hawaii in the early 1900s 8 Cards EditThere are 48 cards total divided into twelve suits representing months of the year Each suit is designated by a flower and has four cards 22 An extra blank card may be included to serve as a replacement In Korean Hwatu decks several joker cards 조커패 award various bonuses 23 The standard categorizations and point values for each card are as follows Note that some games change the point values or categorizations of the cards For example in the game Hachi Hachi all of the November cards count as kasu and in the game Sakura the values of the cards are different Month Suit Flower Hikari 20 points Tane 10 points Tanzaku 5 points Kasu 1 point January Pine Crane and Sun Poetry tanzaku 2 cardsFebruary Plum blossom Bush warbler Poetry tanzaku 2 cardsMarch Cherry blossom Curtain Poetry tanzaku 2 cardsApril Wisteria Cuckoo Plain tanzaku 2 cardsMay Iris Eight plank bridge Plain tanzaku 2 cardsJune Peony Butterflies Blue tanzaku 2 cardsJuly Bush clover Boar Plain tanzaku 2 cardsAugust Susuki grass a Full moon Geese 2 cardsSeptember Chrysanthemum Sake cup Blue tanzaku 2 cardsOctober Maple Deer Blue tanzaku 2 cardsNovember Willow Ono no Michikaze Swallow Plain tanzaku Lightning 1 cardDecember Paulownia Chinese phoenix 3 cards In the Korean Hwatu version the November and December suits are swapped Text significance Edit A few cards in hanafuda contain Japanese text In addition to the examples below the December kasu cards typically display the manufacturer s name and marks similar to the Ace of spades in western playing cards Cards Description akayoroshi あかよろし red is good with the hentaigana character 𛀙 for ka mi Yoshino みよしの refers to Yoshino Nara known for its Somei Yoshino hybrid cherry trees kotobuki 寿 long life Games EditMekuri derived games Hana Awase Minhwatu Koi Koi Sakura Go Stop Roppyakken Mushi Hachi Hachi hachi Sudaoshi TenshoYomi derived games Poka Hiyoko IsuriGabo Japgi Kabufuda derived games Seotda Doryjytgo ttangSee also EditCategory Films about hanafuda Category Hanafuda manufacturers Kabufuda Karuta Uta garutaNotes Edit Sometimes 芒 susuki is translated as pampas grass References Edit McLeod John Games played with Flower Cards pagat com Retrieved 20 December 2017 Pakarnian John Game Boy Glossary of Japanese Gambling Games Metropolis January 22 2010 p 15 Hanafuda cards Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2021 02 23 映画 ちはやふる の隠れた聖地 京都 大石天狗堂 ORICON NEWS Retrieved 2021 02 23 The Sloperama Hanafuda Go Stop Zone www sloperama com Retrieved 2021 02 23 한국이 모르는 일본 4 화투의 탄생 news zum com in Korean 2016 06 17 Retrieved 2021 02 23 추석에 빠질 수 없는 국민놀이 화투의 비밀 일요시사 in Korean 2013 09 17 Retrieved 2021 02 23 a b Hanafuda Hawaii style West Hawaii Today West Hawaii Today 2012 02 05 Retrieved 2021 02 23 Iramk Charlene Hanahuda Hanahuda Retrieved 17 September 2020 Depaulis Thierry 2009 Playing the Game Iberian Triumphs Worldwide The Playing Card Vol 38 2 p 134 137 Harris Blake J Console Wars Sega Nintendo and the Battle that Defined a Generation It Books 2014 May 13 ISBN 978 0062276698 Chapter 5 Mann Sylvia Wayland Virginia 1973 The Dragons of Portugal Farnham Sanford p 46 a b c Kuromiya Kimihiko 2005 Kakkuri The Last Yomi Game of Japan The Playing Card Vol 33 4 p 232 235 McLeod John Dummett Michael 1975 Hachi Hachi The Playing Card 3 4 26 39 Ashcraft Brian March 30 2022 The Traditional Beauty Of Nintendo s Playing Cards Kotaku Retrieved March 30 2022 Nintendo To Release Mario Themed Japanese Playing Cards Kotaku Australia 2015 10 21 Retrieved 2021 02 23 Koi koi Nintendo s Pokemon hanafuda cards hitting Japan Destructoid Retrieved 2021 02 23 星のカービィ が花札に オリジナル役も収録 ねとらぼ in Japanese Retrieved 2021 02 23 Lane Gavin Nintendo Shares A Handy Infographic Featuring All 51 Worldwide Classic Clubhouse Games Nintendo Life Retrieved 2020 07 21 Kim Kwang ŏn 2004 Tong Asia ŭi nori Seoul Minsogwŏn ISBN 89 5638 121 6 Retrieved 17 September 2020 Fairbairn John 1991 Modern Korean cards a Japanese perspective The Playing Card 20 2 68 72 Hanafuda Japanese Flower Cards Designed to Circumvent Ban on Western Decks 99 Invisible Retrieved 2021 02 23 Sloper Tom Go Stop www sloperama com Retrieved 20 December 2017 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanafuda Look up hanafuda in Wiktionary the free dictionary Hanafuda at BoardGameGeek Hanafuda rules Commentary on Hanafuda cards including Korean variants Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hanafuda amp oldid 1120238592, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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