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Grand Cross

October 18, 2023

For the astrological term, see astrological aspect.

Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders, and manifested in its insignia.[1] Exceptionally, the highest class may be referred to as Grand Cordon or equivalent. In other cases, there may exist a rank even higher than Grand Cross, e.g. Grand Collar. In rare cases, the insignia itself is referred to as the "grand cross".[2]

Josef Graf Radetzky wearing the Grand Cross sash and star of the Military Order of Maria Theresa

In international relations, many times the class of Grand Cross is typically reserved for royalty, heads of state and equivalent. Sometimes a holder of the highest class or grade are referred to as "Commander Grand Cross",[A 1] "Knight Grand Cross", or just "Grand Cross".

In the United Kingdom, the rank of "Knight Grand Cross" or "Dame Grand Cross" allows the recipient to continue to use the honorific "Sir" (male) or "Dame" (female) as a style before his or her name. The knighthood is initially conferred, as in other countries, at the lower rank of the order, typically "Knight Commander".

In Bavaria, the royal military order established by Maximilian Joseph consisted of three classes with the Grand Crosses ranking above the Commanders and Knights.[4] The Grand Cross title has also been used to confer military merit. For instance, the Grand Duchy of Baden awarded Prince Rupprecht a Grand Cross after World War I.[5]

From 1870 to 1918, the German Empire also set the Grand Cross as the highest rank of the Order of the Iron Cross, followed by the first and second classes.

Denomination "Grand Cordons" Edit

The orders in which the highest rank (or second after "Collar") is named "Grand Cordons" include the following orders:

Former Edit

Gallery Edit

Illustration of typical insignia, as in the case of the Legion of Honour of France.

 

See also Edit

Explanatory notes Edit

  1. ^ The designation (Swedish: Kommendör med stora korset) is used in the Swedish Orders of the Sword, Polar Star and Vasa and in the Finnish Orders of the White Rose and Lion.[3]

References Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category:Stars of orders.
  1. ^ a b c d e Also awarded in the Commonwealth Realms.

Footnotes Edit

  1. ^ Hieronymussen, Poul Ohm; Lundø, Jørgen, eds. (1968). Eurooppalaiset kunniamerkit värikuvina [Europæiske ordner i farver] (in Finnish). Translated by Karnila, Christer. Porvoo: WSOY. pp. 14–15. OCLC 466954328.
  2. ^ Burke, B. The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour of All Nations. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2016. ISBN 978-1-783-31282-5
  3. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  4. ^ Carlisle, Nicholas (2012). A Concise Account of the Several Foreign Orders of Knighthood: and Other Marks of Honourable Distinction. Dallington, East Sussex: The Naval and Military Press. p. 67. ISBN 9781781514290.
  5. ^ Zabecki, David (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History [4 volumes]: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 1629. ISBN 9781598849806.

October 18, 2023
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For the astrological term see astrological aspect Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders and manifested in its insignia 1 Exceptionally the highest class may be referred to as Grand Cordon or equivalent In other cases there may exist a rank even higher than Grand Cross e g Grand Collar In rare cases the insignia itself is referred to as the grand cross 2 Josef Graf Radetzky wearing the Grand Cross sash and star of the Military Order of Maria TheresaIn international relations many times the class of Grand Cross is typically reserved for royalty heads of state and equivalent Sometimes a holder of the highest class or grade are referred to as Commander Grand Cross A 1 Knight Grand Cross or just Grand Cross In the United Kingdom the rank of Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross allows the recipient to continue to use the honorific Sir male or Dame female as a style before his or her name The knighthood is initially conferred as in other countries at the lower rank of the order typically Knight Commander In Bavaria the royal military order established by Maximilian Joseph consisted of three classes with the Grand Crosses ranking above the Commanders and Knights 4 The Grand Cross title has also been used to confer military merit For instance the Grand Duchy of Baden awarded Prince Rupprecht a Grand Cross after World War I 5 From 1870 to 1918 the German Empire also set the Grand Cross as the highest rank of the Order of the Iron Cross followed by the first and second classes Contents 1 Denomination Grand Cordons 1 1 Former 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 Explanatory notes 5 References 5 1 FootnotesDenomination Grand Cordons EditThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items May 2012 The orders in which the highest rank or second after Collar is named Grand Cordons include the following orders nbsp Belgium Grand Cordons of the Order of Leopold highest nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit highest National Order that admits Brazilian Nationals to its ranks nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Order of Rio Branco special purpose nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Order of Defense Merit nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Order of Aeronautical Merit nbsp Parana Grand Cross of the State Order of Pinheiro pt highest of the state nbsp Sao Paulo Grand Cross of the Order of Ipiranga highest of the state nbsp Cambodia Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia highest nbsp Cambodia Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Monisaraphon nbsp Cambodia Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Sahametrei nbsp Cambodia Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Sowathara nbsp Cameroon Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit Cameroon 2nd nbsp Cameroon Grand Cordon of the Order of Valour highest nbsp Denmark Grand Cross with Diamonds of the Order of the Dannebrog 2nd nbsp Egypt Grand Cordons of the Order of the Nile highest nbsp France Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour highest nbsp French Polynesia Grand Cross of the Order of Tahiti Nui highest of the overseas collectivity nbsp Germany Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany nbsp Guinea Grand Cross of the Kola tree National Order 2nd nbsp Guinea Grand Cross of the National Order of Fidelity and People highest nbsp Guinea Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit Guinea highest nbsp Guinea Grand Cross of the National Order of the Campaign of Independence highest nbsp Italy Knight Grand Cross decorated with Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic highest nbsp Japan Grand Cordons of the Order of the Chrysanthemum 2nd after Collar nbsp Japan Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown highest nbsp Japan Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun highest nbsp Jordan Grand Cordons of the Order of the Star of Jordan highest nbsp Lebanon Grand Cordons of the Order of Merit Lebanon highest nbsp Madagascar Grand Cross of the National Order of Madagascar highest nbsp Netherlands Knight Grand Cross Military William Order highest nbsp Netherlands Knight Grand Cross Order of Orange Nassau 3rd nbsp Netherlands Knight Grand Cross Order of the Netherlands Lion 2nd nbsp Niger Grand Cross of the National Order Niger highest nbsp Niger Grand Cross of the Order of Merit Niger 2nd nbsp Persia Grand Cordons of the Order of the Lion and the Sun nbsp Portugal Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword nbsp Senegal Grand Cross of the Order of Merit Senegal 2nd nbsp Senegal Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion Senegal highest nbsp Spain Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III nbsp Sweden Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword nbsp Sweden Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star nbsp Sweden Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa nbsp Togo Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit 2nd nbsp Togo Grand Cross of the Order of Mono highest nbsp Tunisia Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence highest nbsp Tunisia Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit 3rd nbsp Tunisia Grand Cordon of the Order of the 7th November 1987 4th nbsp Tunisia Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic 2nd nbsp United Kingdom Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath highest n 1 nbsp United Kingdom Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George highest n 1 nbsp United Kingdom Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order highest n 1 nbsp United Kingdom Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire highest n 1 nbsp United Kingdom Grand Cross of the Order of Saint John highest n 1 Former Edit nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Order of Columbus Abolished as a state order in 1891 nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ Highest cancelled as national order in 1890 since then claimed as house order nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint Benedict of Avis 2nd cancelled as national order in 1890 since then claimed as house order nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint James of the Sword 3rd cancelled as national order in 1890 since then claimed as house order nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Cross 4th cancelled as national order in 1891 and reestablished as the National Order of the Southern Cross in 1932 nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Dom Pedro I 5th cancelled as national order in 1890 since then claimed as house order nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Rose 6th cancelled as national order in 1890 since then claimed as house order nbsp France nbsp French Comoros Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Anjouan Deprecated in 1963 by the National Order of Merit nbsp French Dahomey Grand Cross of the Order of the Black Star Deprecated in 1963 by the National Order of Merit nbsp French Somaliland Grand Cross of the Order of the Light Deprecated in 1963 by the National Order of Merit nbsp Kingdom of Hawaii Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kapiʻolani 3rd became obsolete in 1893 Gallery EditIllustration of typical insignia as in the case of the Legion of Honour of France nbsp See also EditOrder of chivalry Order distinction PhaleristicsExplanatory notes Edit The designation Swedish Kommendor med stora korset is used in the Swedish Orders of the Sword Polar Star and Vasa and in the Finnish Orders of the White Rose and Lion 3 References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Category Stars of orders a b c d e Also awarded in the Commonwealth Realms Footnotes Edit Hieronymussen Poul Ohm Lundo Jorgen eds 1968 Eurooppalaiset kunniamerkit varikuvina Europaeiske ordner i farver in Finnish Translated by Karnila Christer Porvoo WSOY pp 14 15 OCLC 466954328 Burke B The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour of All Nations Uckfield Naval amp Military Press 2016 ISBN 978 1 783 31282 5 Statuter for finlands vita ros orden PDF Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2014 Retrieved 28 February 2014 Carlisle Nicholas 2012 A Concise Account of the Several Foreign Orders of Knighthood and Other Marks of Honourable Distinction Dallington East Sussex The Naval and Military Press p 67 ISBN 9781781514290 Zabecki David 2014 Germany at War 400 Years of Military History 4 volumes 400 Years of Military History Santa Barbara CA ABC CLIO p 1629 ISBN 9781598849806 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grand Cross amp oldid 1167868117, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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