The Order of the Black Star (Ordre de l'Étoile Noire) was an order of knighthood established on 1 December 1889 at Porto-Novo by Toffa, future king of Dahomey (today the Republic of Benin). Approved and recognised by the French government on 30 July 1894, after the establishment of the new statutes of 30 August 1892, according this distinction to all those who worked to develop French influence on the west coast of Africa.
Ordre de l'Étoile Noire
The Grand Croix badge, ribbon and plaque
Type
Order with five degrees: Grand-Croix Commandeur avec Plaque Commandeur Officier Chevalier
The order has five classes: Grand-Croix (Grand-Cross), Commandeur avec Plaque (Commander with Plaque), Commandeur (Commander), Officier (Officer), and Chevalier (Knight).
Grand-Croix
Commandeur avec Plaque
Commandeur
Officier
Chevalier
The order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963, and superseded by the Ordre National du Mérite. Extant members of the order are permitted to wear their original decorations.
^2nd Lieutenant US Infantry (New York) d. 13 August 1919. Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, 1774 - 1985; Card Register of Burials of Deceased American Soldiers, 1917 - 1922 File Unit: Hanf - Harrisburg entry 1481 and 1482
Marc Champenois (9 August 2008). . Les décorations Francaises (in French). Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
March 08, 2023
order, black, star, ordre, Étoile, noire, order, knighthood, established, december, 1889, porto, novo, toffa, future, king, dahomey, today, republic, benin, approved, recognised, french, government, july, 1894, after, establishment, statutes, august, 1892, acc. The Order of the Black Star Ordre de l Etoile Noire was an order of knighthood established on 1 December 1889 at Porto Novo by Toffa future king of Dahomey today the Republic of Benin Approved and recognised by the French government on 30 July 1894 after the establishment of the new statutes of 30 August 1892 according this distinction to all those who worked to develop French influence on the west coast of Africa Ordre de l Etoile NoireThe Grand Croix badge ribbon and plaqueTypeOrder with five degrees Grand Croix Commandeur avec Plaque CommandeurOfficier ChevalierPresented by France BeninStatusDeprecated 3 December 1963 by the Ordre National du MeriteEstablished1 December 1889PrecedenceNext higher Medaille militaireEquivalentOrdre national du MeriteNext lower Croix de guerreClasses EditThe order has five classes Grand Croix Grand Cross Commandeur avec Plaque Commander with Plaque Commandeur Commander Officier Officer and Chevalier Knight Grand Croix Commandeur avec Plaque Commandeur Officier ChevalierThe order was deprecated by decree on 3 December 1963 and superseded by the Ordre National du Merite Extant members of the order are permitted to wear their original decorations Recipients EditGrand Crosses Amha Selassie Hamengkubuwono VIII Edgard de Larminat Jean de Lattre de Tassigny Commanders with Plaque Michel Arnaud Pedro Correia de Barros Gustaf Bonde 1911 1977 Smedley Butler Jacob Emil van Hoogstraten Harry J Malony Jacques Massu Ernest Dichmann Peek Bengt Rabaeus Howard Robertson architect Sisavang Vong Commanders Ewart Culpin William H Hay John H Hughes general Palden Thondup Namgyal Pakubuwono X Wilhelm Winther Arthur Young police officer Smedley Butler John H Sherburne 1 Edward Vollrath 2 3 Officers Knights Jacques Chirac Philip Sassoon George A White Unknown Class Willy Coppens John F Curry Ernest J Dawley Pierre Pouyade Michael Scott golfer Emmet Harris 4 References Edit General Sherburne Receives Decoration Boston Post April 9 1920 p 22 Gen Vollrath Gets French Honor Bucyrus Telegraph Bucyrus OH March 15 1920 p 5 via Newspapers com Davis Henry Blaine Jr 1998 Generals In Khaki Raleigh NC Pentland Press p 368 369 ISBN 978 1 5719 7088 6 via Google Books 2nd Lieutenant US Infantry New York d 13 August 1919 Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General 1774 1985 Card Register of Burials of Deceased American Soldiers 1917 1922 File Unit Hanf Harrisburg entry 1481 and 1482 Marc Champenois 9 August 2008 Ordre de l Etoile noire Les decorations Francaises in French Archived from the original on 1 December 2008 Retrieved 2009 02 06 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Order of the Black Star amp oldid 1139249431, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
