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Wikipedia

Google Glass

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Google Goggles.

Google Glass, or simply Glass, is a brand of smart glasses developed and sold by Google. It was developed by X (previously Google X),[9] with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer.[1] Google Glass displays information to the wearer using a head-up display.[10] Wearers communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands.[11][12]

Glass
Google Glass logo
Google Glass Explorer Edition
Also known asProject Glass
DeveloperGoogle
ManufacturerFoxconn
TypeOptical Head-Mounted Display (OHMD), Peripheral Head-Mounted Display (PHMD), Wearable technology, Head-up display
Release dateDevelopers (US): February 2013 (February 2013)[1]
Public (US): Around 2013[2]
Introductory priceExplorer version: $1,500 USD
Standard edition: $1,500 USD[3]
Operating systemGlass OS[4] (Google Xe Software[5])
CPUOMAP 4430 System on a chip, dual-core processor[6]
Memory2 GB RAM[7]
Storage16 GB flash memory total[6] (12 GB of usable memory)[8]
DisplayPrism projector, 640×360 pixels (equivalent of a 25 in/64 cm screen from 8 ft/2.4 m away)
SoundBone conduction transducer[8]
InputVoice command through microphone,[8] accelerometer,[8] gyroscope,[8] magnetometer,[8] ambient light sensor, proximity sensor
Controller inputTouchpad, MyGlass phone mobile app
Camera5 Megapixel photos
720p video[8]
ConnectivityWi-Fi 802.11b/g,[8] Bluetooth,[8] micro USB
Power570 mAh internal lithium-ion battery
Mass36 g (1.27oz)
Backward
compatibility		Any Bluetooth-capable phone; MyGlass companion app requires Android 4.0.3 "Ice Cream Sandwich" or higher or any iOS 7.0 or higher[8]
RelatedMicrosoft HoloLens, Magic Leap, Ray-Ban Stories
Websitegoogle.com/glass

Google started selling a prototype of Google Glass to qualified "Glass Explorers" in the US on April 15, 2013, for a limited period for $1,500, before it became available to the public on May 15, 2014.[13] It had an integral 5 megapixel still/720p video camera. The headset received a great deal of criticism amid concerns that its use could violate existing privacy laws.[14]

On January 15, 2015, Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype.[15] The prototype was succeeded by two Enterprise Editions,[16][17] whose sales were suspended on March 15, 2023.[18]

Development edit

Google Glass was developed by Google X,[19] the facility within Google devoted to technological advancements such as driverless cars.[20]

The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head-up display.[21] In mid-2011, Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg);[22] by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses.[1]

In April 2013, the Explorer Edition was made available to Google I/O developers in the United States for $1,500.[23]

 
A Glass prototype seen at Google I/O in June 2012

The product was publicly announced in April 2012.[24] Sergey Brin wore a prototype of the Glass to an April 5, 2012, Foundation Fighting Blindness event in San Francisco.[25][26] In May 2012, Google demonstrated for the first time how Google Glass could be used to shoot videos.[27]

Google provided four prescription frame choices for $225 and free with the purchase of any new Glass unit. Google entered in a partnership with the Italian eyewear company Luxottica, owners of the Ray-Ban, Oakley, and other brands, to offer additional frame designs.[28] In June 2014, Nepal government adopted Google Glass for tackling poachers of wild animals and herbs of Chitwan International Park and other parks listed under World heritage sites. In January 2015, Google ended the beta period of Glass (the "Google Glass Explorer" program).[29][30]

Release date edit

In early 2013, interested potential Glass users were invited to use a Twitter message, with hashtag #IfIHadGlass, to qualify as an early user of the product. The qualifiers, dubbed "Glass Explorers" and numbering 8,000 individuals, were notified in March 2013, and were later invited to pay $1,500 and visit a Google office in Los Angeles, New York or San Francisco, to pick up their unit following "fitting" and training from Google Glass guides. On May 13, 2014, Google announced a move to a "more open beta", via its Google Plus page.[31]

In February 2015, The New York Times reported that Google Glass was being redesigned by former Apple executive Tony Fadell, and that it would not be released until he deemed it to be "perfect".[32]

In July 2017, it was announced that the second iteration, the Google Glass Enterprise Edition, would be released in the US for companies such as Boeing.[16] Google Glass Enterprise Edition has already been successfully used by Dr. Ned Sahin to help children with autism learn social skills.[33]

In May 2019, Google announced the Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2. Google also announced a partnership with Smith Optics to develop Glass-compatible safety frames.[17]

Features edit

 
Google Glass can be controlled using the touchpad built into the side of the device.
  • Touchpad: A touchpad, similar to that of one on a laptop, is located on the side of Google Glass, allowing users to control the device by swiping through a timeline-like interface displayed on the screen.[34] Sliding backward shows current events, such as weather, and sliding forward shows past events, such as phone calls, photos, and circle updates.
  • Camera: Google Glass has the ability to take 5 MP photos and record 720p HD video.[35] Glass Enterprise Edition 2 has an improved 8MP 80° FOV camera.[36]
  • Display: The Explorer version of Google Glass uses a liquid crystal on silicon (based on an LCoS chip from Himax), field-sequential color system, LED illuminated display.[37] The display's LED illumination is first P-polarized and then shines through the in-coupling polarizing beam splitter (PBS) to the LCoS panel. The panel reflects the light and alters it to S-polarization at active pixel sensor sites. The in-coupling PBS then reflects the S-polarized areas of light at 45° through the out-coupling beam splitter to a collimating reflector at the other end. Finally, the out-coupling beam splitter (which is a partially reflecting mirror, not a polarizing beam splitter) reflects the collimated light another 45° and into the wearer's eye.[38][39]

Software edit

 
A Google Glass with black frame for prescription lens
Main article: Glass OS

Applications edit

Google Glass applications are free applications built by third-party developers. Glass also uses many existing Google applications, such as Google Maps and Gmail. Many developers and companies built applications for Glass, including news apps, facial recognition, exercise, photo manipulation, translation, and sharing to social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter.[40][41][42] Third-party applications announced at South by Southwest (SXSW) include Evernote, Skitch, The New York Times, and Path.[43]

On March 23, 2013, Google released the Mirror API, allowing developers to start making apps for Glass.[44][45] In the terms of service, it was stated that developers may not put ads in their apps or charge fees;[46] a Google representative told The Verge that this might change in the future.[47]

On May 16, 2013, Google announced the release of seven new programs, including reminders from Evernote, fashion news from Elle, and news alerts from CNN.[48] Following Google's XE7 Glass Explorer Edition update in early July 2013, evidence of a "Glass Boutique", a store that will allow synchronization to Glass of Glassware and APKs, was noted.[49]

Version XE8 made a debut for Google Glass on August 12, 2013. It brings an integrated video player with playback controls, the ability to post an update to Path, and lets users save notes to Evernote. Several other minute improvements include volume controls, improved voice recognition, and several new Google Now cards.

On November 19, 2013, Google unveiled its Glass Development Kit, showcasing the translation tool Word Lens, the cooking program AllTheCooks, and the exercise program Strava among others as successful examples.[50][51] Google announced three news programs in May 2014—TripIt, FourSquare and OpenTable—in order to entice travelers. On June 25, 2014, Google announced that notifications from Android Wear would be sent to Glass.[52]

The European University Press published the first book to be read with Google Glass on October 8, 2014, as introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair. The book can be read as a normal paper book or—enriched with multimedia elements—with Google Glass, Kindle, on Smartphone and Pads on the platforms iOS and Android.[53]

MyGlass edit

Google offered a companion Android and iOS app called MyGlass, which allowed the user to configure and manage the device. It was removed from the Play Store on February 22, 2020.[54]

Voice activation edit

Other than the touchpad, Google Glass can be controlled using just "voice actions". To activate Glass, wearers tilt their heads 30° upward (which can be altered for preference) or simply tap the touchpad, and say "O.K., Glass." Once Glass is activated, wearers can say an action, such as "Take a picture", "Record a video", "Hangout with [person/Google+ circle]", "Google 'What year was Wikipedia founded?'", "Give me directions to the Eiffel Tower", and "Send a message to John"[55] (many of these commands can be seen in a product video released in February 2013).[56] For search results that are read back to the user, the voice response is relayed using bone conduction through a transducer that sits beside the ear, thereby rendering the sound almost inaudible to other people.[57]

Use in medicine edit

In hospitals edit

Augmedix developed an app for the wearable device that allows physicians to live-stream the patient visit and claims it will eliminate electronic health record problems, possibly saving them up to 15 hours a week[58] and improving record quality. The video stream is passed to remote scribes in HIPAA secure rooms where the doctor-patient interaction is transcribed, ultimately allowing physicians to focus on the patient. Hundreds of users[59] were evaluating the app as of mid-2015.[60]

In July 2013, Lucien Engelen commenced research on the usability and impact of Google Glass in the health care field. As of August 2013, Engelen, based at Singularity University and in Europe at Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, was the first healthcare professional in Europe to participate in the Glass Explorer program.[61] His research on Google Glass (starting August 9, 2013) was conducted in operating rooms, ambulances, a trauma helicopter, general practice, and home care as well as the use in public transportation for visually or physically impaired. Research included taking pictures, videos streaming to other locations, dictating operative log, having students watch the procedures and tele-consultation through Hangout. Engelen documented his findings in blogs,[62] videos,[63] pictures, on Twitter,[64] and on Google+,[65] with research ongoing as of that date.

In June 2014, Google Glass' ability to acquire images of a patient's retina ("Glass Fundoscopy") was publicly demonstrated for the first time at the Wilmer Clinical Meeting at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine by Dr. Aaron Wang and Dr. Allen Eghrari.[66] This technique was featured on the cover of the Journal for Mobile Technology in Medicine for January 2015.[67] Doctors Phil Haslam and Sebastian Mafeld demonstrated the first application of Google Glass in the field of interventional radiology. They demonstrated how Google Glass could assist a liver biopsy and fistulaplasty, and the pair stated that Google Glass has the potential to improve patient safety, operator comfort, and procedure efficiency in the field of interventional radiology.[68]

In 2015, IOS Press published "Clinical and Surgical Applications of Smart Glasses" a research article written by a team at the Columbia University Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery's Cerebrovascular Laboratory. Under Neurosurgeon Dr. Sander E. Connolly, Stefan Mitrasinovic, Elvis Camacho, Nirali Trivedi, and others analyzed Google Glass's useful applications including hands-free photo and video documentation, telemedicine, Electronic Health Record retrieval and input, rapid diagnostic test analysis, education, and live broadcasting.[69]

In 2017, Swiss researchers assessed in a randomized controlled trial the adherence of emergency team leaders to the American Heart Association's (AHA) Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines by adapting and displaying them in Google Glasses during simulation-based pediatric cardiac arrest scenarios.[70]

In surgical procedures edit

On June 20, 2013, Rafael J. Grossmann, a Venezuelan doctor practicing in the U.S., was the first surgeon to demonstrate the use of Google Glass during a live surgical procedure.[71] In August 2013, Google Glass was used at Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University. Surgeon Dr. Christopher Kaeding used Google Glass to consult with a distant colleague in Columbus, Ohio. A group of students at The Ohio State University College of Medicine also observed the operation on their laptop computers. Following the procedure, Kaeding stated, "To be honest, once we got into the surgery, I often forgot the device was there. It just seemed very intuitive and fit seamlessly."[72]

On June 21, 2013, doctor Pedro Guillen, chief of trauma service of Clínica CEMTRO of Madrid, also broadcast a surgery using Google Glass.[73] In July 2014, the startup company Surgery Academy, in Milan, Italy, launched a remote training platform for medical students. The platform is a MOOC that allows students to join any operating theater thanks to Google Glass worn by surgeon.[74][75] Also in July 2014, This Place released an app, MindRDR, to connect Glass to a Neurosky EEG monitor to allow people to take photos and share them to Twitter or Facebook using brain signals. It is hoped this will allow people with severe physical disabilities to engage with social media.[76]

In lactation consultation edit

 
Two participants in the Google Glass Breastfeeding app trial

In Australia, in January 2014, Melbourne tech startup Small World Social collaborated with the Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA) to create the first hands-free breastfeeding Google Glass application for new mothers.[77] The application, named Breastfeeding Through Glass, allowed mothers to nurse their baby while viewing instructions about common breastfeeding issues (latching on, posture) or call a lactation consultant via a secure Google Hangout, who could view the issue through the mother's Google Glass camera.[78]

The trial lasted 7 weeks, commencing on March 1 and ending on April 13, 2014.[79] There were five mothers and their newborn babies in the trial,[80] fifteen volunteer counselors from ABA, and seven project team members from Small World Social.[80][81] The counselors were located in five States across Australia.[82] The counselors were certified in lactation consultation,[83] and located as far from the mothers as Perth, Western Australia, 3,500 kilometres away.[82] While physically distant from the mothers, the counselors provided support using video calls with Google Glass, live on demand.[84]

According to media commentary, the breastfeeding project demonstrated the potential of wearable devices for communities to deliver health and family support services across vast distances.[85][86] The demonstrated positive uses of wearable devices contrasted some of the widespread criticism over privacy concerns that such devices have received.[85] An article on Motherboard stated, "Google Glass, whether warranted or not, endures its fair share of criticism, largely because a lot of initial use cases have been, well, kinda creepy. So it's great to see instead Glass being used for uniquely positive ends, as it is with the Australian Breastfeeding Association's Breastfeeding Support Project."[85] Other journalists and commentators also called the trial beneficial[87] and an innovative application wearable technologies.[88] ABC journalist/presenter Penny Johnston of the radio program Babytalk remarked:

The Google Glass if you think about it, is perfect to coach someone in breast feeding: if you are holding or feeding a baby, imagine a camera mounted on your glasses and look down. There you have the world's best view for checking the baby's latch and your breastfeeding technique![88]

In May 2014, Small World Social and ABA won the Gold Questar Award in the Emerging Media: App section, for the Breastfeeding with Google Glass App.[89] In June 2014, Small World Social's Breastfeeding Support Project was awarded the Questar Best of Category Grand Prize For Emerging Media, which is given to the top 5% of entries.[90]

ABA is optimistic about the future of wearable technologies supporting their work. Small World Social commenced a trial in the US in June 2014.[91]

Media coverage edit

Journalism edit

In 2014, Voice of America Television Correspondent Carolyn Presutti and Electronics Engineer Jose Vega began a web project called VOA & Google Glass, which explored the technology's potential uses in journalism.[92] This series of news stories examined the technology's live reporting applications, including conducting interviews and covering stories from the reporter's point of view. On March 29, 2014, American a cappella group Pentatonix partnered with Voice of America when lead singer Scott Hoying wore Glass in the band's performance at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C., during the band's worldwide tour—the first use of Glass by a lead singer in a professional concert.[93]

In the fall of 2014, The University of Southern California conducted a course called Glass Journalism, which explored the device's application in journalism.[94]

The WWF as of mid-2014 used Google Glass and UAVs to track various animals and birds in the jungle, which may be the first use of the device by a non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO).[95]

As of 2022 the product has been viewed as a failure, having been once slated as the next big thing in tech. While they no longer exist, the technology lives on in future products.[96]

Public events edit

In 2014, the International Olympic Committee Young Reporters program took Google Glass to the Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games and put them on a number of athletes from different disciplines to explore novel point of view filmmaking.[97]

A visually impaired dancer, Benjamin Yonattan, used Google Glass to overcome his chronic vision condition. In 2015, Yonattan performed on the reality television program America's Got Talent.[98]

Criticism edit

Privacy concerns edit

Concerns have been raised by various sources regarding the intrusion on privacy, and the etiquette and ethics of using the device in public and recording people without their permission.[99][100][101] Google co-founder, Sergey Brin, claims that Glass could be seen as a way to become even more isolated in public, but the intent was quite the opposite: Brin views checking social media as a constant "nervous tic", which is why Glass can notify the user of important notifications and updates and does not obstruct the line of sight.[102]

Additionally, there is controversy that Google Glass would cause security problems and violate privacy rights.[103][104][105] Organizations like the FTC Fair Information Practice work to uphold privacy rights through Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPS), which are guidelines representing concepts that concern fair information practice in an electronic marketplace.[106]

Privacy advocates are concerned that people wearing such eyewear may be able to identify strangers in public using facial recognition, or surreptitiously record and broadcast private conversations.[1] The "Find my Face" feature on Google+ functions to create a model of your face, and of people you know, in order to simplify tagging photos.[107]

Some companies in the US have posted anti-Google Glass signs in their establishments.[108][109] In July 2013, prior to the official release of the product, Stephen Balaban, co-founder of software company Lambda Labs, circumvented Google's facial recognition app block by building his own, non-Google-approved operating system. Balaban then installed face-scanning Glassware that creates a summary of commonalities shared by the scanned person and the Glass wearer, such as mutual friends and interests.[110] Also created was Winky, a program that allows a Google Glass user to take a photo with a wink of an eye, while Marc Rogers, a principal security researcher at Lookout, discovered that Glass can be hijacked if a user could be tricked into taking a picture of a malicious QR code, demonstrating the potential to be used as a weapon in cyberwarfare.[111]

In February 2013, a Google+ user noticed legal issues with Glass and posted in the Glass Explorers community about the issues, stating that the device may be illegal to use according to the current legislation in Russia and Ukraine, which prohibits use of spy gadgets that can record video, audio or take photographs in an inconspicuous manner.[112]

Concerns were also raised in regard to the privacy and security of Glass users in the event that the device is stolen or lost, an issue that was raised by a US congressional committee. As part of its response to the committee, Google stated that a locking system for the device is in development. Google also reminded users that Glass can be remotely reset.[49] Police in various states have also warned Glass wearers to watch out for muggers and street robbers.[113]

Lisa A. Goldstein, a freelance journalist who was born deaf, tested the product on behalf of people with disabilities and published a review on August 6, 2013. In her review, Goldstein states that Google Glass does not accommodate hearing aids and is not suitable for people who cannot understand speech. Goldstein also explained the limited options for customer support, as telephone contact was her only means of communication.[114]

Several facilities have banned the use of Google Glass before its release to the general public, citing concerns over potential privacy-violating capabilities. Other facilities, such as Las Vegas casinos, banned Google Glass, citing their desire to comply with Nevada state law and common gaming regulations that ban the use of recording devices near gambling areas.[115] On October 29, 2014, the Motion Picture Association of America and the National Association of Theatre Owners announced a ban on wearable technology including Google Glass, placing it under the same rules as mobile phones and video cameras.[116]

There have also been concerns over potential eye pain caused by users new to Glass.[117] These concerns were validated by Google's optometry advisor Dr. Eli Peli of Harvard, though he later partly backtracked due to the controversy that ensued from his remarks.[117][118][119]

Concerns have been raised by cyber forensics experts at the University of Massachusetts who have developed a way to steal smartphone and tablet passwords using Google Glass. The specialists developed a software program that uses Google Glass to track finger shadows as someone types in their password. Their program then converts the touchpoints into the keys they were touching, allowing them to catch the passcodes.[120]

Another concern regarding the camera application raises controversy to privacy. Some people are concerned about how the product has the capability of recording during events such as conversations. The device sets off a light to indicate that it is recording but many speculate that there will be an app to disable this.[121]

Users have been derisively referred to as "Glassholes".[122]

Safety considerations edit

Concerns have also been raised on operating motor vehicles while wearing the device. On July 31, 2013, it was reported that driving while wearing Google Glass was likely to be banned in the UK, being deemed careless driving, therefore a fixed penalty offense, following a decision by the Department for Transport.[123]

In the US, West Virginia state representative Gary G. Howell introduced an amendment in March 2013 to the state's law against texting while driving that would include bans against "using a wearable computer with head mounted display". In an interview, Howell stated, "The primary thing is a safety concern, it [the glass headset] could project text or video into your field of vision. I think there's a lot of potential for distraction."[124]

In October 2013, a driver in California was ticketed for "driving with monitor visible to driver (Google Glass)" after being pulled over for speeding by a San Diego Police Department officer. The driver was reportedly the first to be fined for driving while wearing a Google Glass.[125] While the judge noted that "Google Glass fell under 'the purview and intent' of the ban on driving with a monitor", the case was thrown out of court due to lack of proof the device was on at the time.[126]

In February 2014, a woman wearing Google Glass claimed she was verbally and physically assaulted at a bar in San Francisco after a patron confronted her while she was showing off the device, allegedly leading a man accompanying her to physically retaliate. Witnesses suggested that patrons were upset over the possibility of being recorded.[127]

In November 2014 the results of comparative study in a driving simulator were published by Sawyer et al. of the University of Central Florida and the US Air Force Research Laboratory, were published in the journal Human Factors. Subjects were asked to use either a smartphone or Google Glass to receive a message and were then presented with a situation where emergency braking was required. The messages delivered by Google Glass were less distracting than those delivered via text, but the problem was not eliminated. Both devices impaired driving abilities while receiving messages, and the Google Glass users also experienced some impairment even when not actively using the device.[128]

Terms of service edit

Under the Google Glass terms of service for the Glass Explorer pre-public release program, it specifically states, "You may not resell, loan, transfer, or give your device to any other person. If you resell, loan, transfer, or give your device to any other person without Google's authorization, Google reserves the right to deactivate the device, and neither you nor the unauthorized person using the device will be entitled to any refund, product support, or product warranty." Wired commented on this policy of a company claiming ownership of its product after it had been sold, saying: "Welcome to the New World, one in which companies are retaining control of their products even after consumers purchase them."[129] Others pointed out that Glass was not for public sale at all, but rather in private testing for selected developers, and that not allowing developers in a closed beta to sell to the public is not the same as banning consumers from reselling a publicly released device.[130]

Technical specifications edit

Google Glass Explorer edit

Explorer Version 1 edit

 
The Explorer's LCoS display is illuminated using sequential color LEDs that pass through a polarization conversion system, a polarizing beam splitter, a half-silvered mirror, and an anastigmat, collimating reflector formed on the nose end of the optical assembly.[38][39]

For the developer Explorer units version 1:

  • Android 4.4 (KitKat)[131]
  • 640×360 Himax HX7309 LCoS display[6][37]
  • 5-megapixel camera, capable of 720p video recording[8]
  • Wi-Fi 802.11b/g[8]
  • Bluetooth[8]
  • 16 GB storage (12 GB available)[8]
  • Texas Instruments OMAP 4430 SoC 1.2  GHz Dual (ARMv7)[6]
  • 1 GB RAM[132]
  • 3 axis gyroscope, 3 axis accelerometer and 3 axis magnetometer (compass)[133]
  • Ambient light sensing and proximity sensor[133]
  • Bone conduction audio transducer[8]

Explorer Version 2 edit

For the developer Explorer units version 2, RAM was expanded to 2 GB and prescription frames were made available:

  • all of the features from the Explorer version 1 plus:
  • 2 GB RAM[134]
  • Prescription frames available[135]

Google Glass Enterprise Edition edit

The Google Glass Enterprise Edition improves upon previous editions with the following specifications:[136]

Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 edit

The Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 improves upon previous editions with the following specifications:[36]

  • Qualcomm Snapdragon XR1 quad core, up to 1.7 GHz, 10 nm
  • Android Oreo with Android Enterprise Mobile Device Management[17]
  • 3 GB LPDDR4
  • Bluetooth 5.x AoA
  • 8MP 80° FOV camera
  • 3 beam-forming microphones
  • USB Type-C port supporting USB 2.0 480 Mbit/s
  • 820 mAh battery with fast charge
  • 6-axis accelerometer/gyroscope
  • On-head detection sensor and Eye-on-screen sensor for power-saving features
  • Water and dust resistant
  • ~46g weight

Discontinuation edit

Google stopped production of the Google Glass Enterprise Edition, according to the website[137] as of March 15, 2023, and supported it until September 15, 2023.

Concerns for the future edit

The biggest concern for future technologies similar to the Google Glass is the privacy issues that the Google Glass suffered from. One of the reasons why people were so concerned about privacy is because of strangers taking photos of them without consent. Another is their personal information being hacked into and, possibly, stolen. There are a few ways that cyber security could be improved: User Authentication, Locking, Notification, Physical Security, Governmental Security, and a Firewall.[138]

User Authentication edit

User Authentication is proposed as a cutting-edge security measure for Google Glass, as outlined by Seyedmostafa Safavi. The suggestion involves implementing an auto-protect system that enhances the identification functionality for Glass users. This system would incorporate various advanced authentication methods such as PIN authentication, biometrics, and multifactor authentication. Examples of biometric measures include eye focus for opening the lock, retinal scans, and voice scans.[139]

Locking edit

The proposed security measure for Google Glass, based on Seyedmostafa Safavi's suggestion, involves the implementation of a new feature known as "Locking." This feature aims to enhance the security of Google Glass by introducing an "auto cover" functionality. With this feature, users can employ voice commands, such as "OK GLASS LOCK" and "OK GLASS UNLOCK," to seamlessly close and open the device, respectively. By incorporating this voice-activated auto cover system, Google Glass ensures that users can easily and securely safeguard their device with a simple vocal command.[140]

Notification edit

To enhance user privacy, it is suggested to modify the appearance of Google Glass by incorporating a notification feature. Specifically, after taking a picture or recording a video, the device would display a notification that it is turned ON for a brief period (5 seconds). This serves as a visual cue to alert users that the camera is actively in use.

Moreover, the proposed solution includes the integration of an LED next to the camera. This LED functions as an additional notification mechanism, signalling to others in the vicinity that the camera has been activated. The visual indicator, combined with the brief notification display, aims to increase transparency and awareness, mitigating concerns related to the inadvertent or unauthorized use of the camera.[141]

Physical Security edit

Physical Security involves implementing features to address the potential theft of the device. Recognizing the personal nature of Google Glass, the proposal suggests utilizing the MAC address as a means to track the device in the event of theft. This implies that Google could provide a mechanism for owners to use the unique MAC address of their device to facilitate tracking and recovery.

Furthermore, the proposal emphasizes the improvement of access control and Media Access Control (MAC) for Google Glass by incorporating physical security adjustments. The specifics of these adjustments are not detailed in the excerpt, but they likely refer to measures that enhance the physical protection of the device, such as locks, biometric authentication, or other mechanisms that prevent unauthorized access.[142]

Governmental Security edit

Governmental Security focuses on addressing realistic concerns related to security breaches associated with the device in specific government-related contexts. To mitigate these issues, the proposal recommends the design and development of sensors that would restrict the usage of Glass devices in designated areas.

The suggested sensors could be programmed to identify and enforce restrictions in sensitive or high-security locations, preventing the use of Google Glass in these areas. Additionally, the proposal explores the possibility of limiting the purchase and usage of the device to specific organizations engaged in high-security situations.

Furthermore, the proposal envisions a combination of the cover prototype with the sensor technology. If a Glass device enters a restricted area, the sensor could trigger the automatic closure of the device cover, thereby prohibiting recording or capturing of sensitive information. This proposed functionality could also be remotely managed through online controls, allowing administrators to monitor device usage and deactivate those in prohibited zones.[143]

Firewall edit

The proposed firewall system would be designed to take immediate action in response to potential security threats.

One key aspect of this proposal is the automatic closure of the camera cover in the event of unauthorized use. This serves as a physical barrier to prevent unauthorized recording or capturing of information. Simultaneously, the owner is notified of the breach through a device vibration, providing a timely and noticeable alert.

Additionally, the proposal suggests leveraging log files as a means of verification. The device usage could be monitored by an online log file accessible to the Google support team. This would enable the support team to review and verify the usage history of the Google Glass, ensuring that any suspicious or unauthorized activity is detected and addressed promptly.[144]

Other improvements, such as using gestures to control the device,[145] would be useful so long as the movements don't intrude in other people's space in public.

Outside of improvement, there are other privacy concerns for Google Glass. In Olya Kudina and Peter-Paul Verbeek's article, Ethics from Within: Google Glass, the Collingridge Dilemma, and the Mediated Value of Privacy, they analyse YouTube comments about how people view Google Glass. With some comments going as far as to threaten physical harm on Google Glass users or being terrified of losing their dignity in places like gyms.[146] This is something that any future technologies need to remedy, if people are terrified to use or see another person using their product then the product will fail, just as Glass did.

Other things that should be noted are how the company(ies) collect and use data[147] with ARSG(Augmented Reality Smart Glasses) and how easy it is for a person with malicious intent to gain access to the root of Glass via a QR scan linked to Wi-Fi controlled by said person.[148]

See also edit

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • "Doctors among Early Adopters of Google Glass", Canadian Medical Association Journal, September 30, 2013. Web. October 11, 2014.
  • "Evaluation of Google Glass Technical Limitations on Their Integration in Medical Systems", 'Sensors' 2016, 16(12), 2142; doi:10.3390/s16122142

External links edit

  • Google Glass – official site
  • Google Glass Apps – comprehensive apps list

January 01, 1970
google, glass, confused, with, google, goggles, simply, glass, brand, smart, glasses, developed, sold, google, developed, previously, google, with, mission, producing, ubiquitous, computer, displays, information, wearer, using, head, display, wearers, communic. Not to be confused with Google Goggles Google Glass or simply Glass is a brand of smart glasses developed and sold by Google It was developed by X previously Google X 9 with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer 1 Google Glass displays information to the wearer using a head up display 10 Wearers communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands 11 12 GlassGoogle Glass logoGoogle Glass Explorer EditionAlso known asProject GlassDeveloperGoogleManufacturerFoxconnTypeOptical Head Mounted Display OHMD Peripheral Head Mounted Display PHMD Wearable technology Head up displayRelease dateDevelopers US February 2013 February 2013 1 Public US Around 2013 2 Introductory priceExplorer version 1 500 USDStandard edition 1 500 USD 3 Operating systemGlass OS 4 Google Xe Software 5 CPUOMAP 4430 System on a chip dual core processor 6 Memory2 GB RAM 7 Storage16 GB flash memory total 6 12 GB of usable memory 8 DisplayPrism projector 640 360 pixels equivalent of a 25 in 64 cm screen from 8 ft 2 4 m away SoundBone conduction transducer 8 InputVoice command through microphone 8 accelerometer 8 gyroscope 8 magnetometer 8 ambient light sensor proximity sensorController inputTouchpad MyGlass phone mobile appCamera5 Megapixel photos 720p video 8 ConnectivityWi Fi 802 11b g 8 Bluetooth 8 micro USBPower570 mAh internal lithium ion batteryMass36 g 1 27oz BackwardcompatibilityAny Bluetooth capable phone MyGlass companion app requires Android 4 0 3 Ice Cream Sandwich or higher or any iOS 7 0 or higher 8 RelatedMicrosoft HoloLens Magic Leap Ray Ban StoriesWebsitegoogle wbr com wbr glass Google started selling a prototype of Google Glass to qualified Glass Explorers in the US on April 15 2013 for a limited period for 1 500 before it became available to the public on May 15 2014 13 It had an integral 5 megapixel still 720p video camera The headset received a great deal of criticism amid concerns that its use could violate existing privacy laws 14 On January 15 2015 Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype 15 The prototype was succeeded by two Enterprise Editions 16 17 whose sales were suspended on March 15 2023 18 Contents 1 Development 1 1 Release date 2 Features 3 Software 3 1 Applications 3 2 MyGlass 3 3 Voice activation 4 Use in medicine 4 1 In hospitals 4 2 In surgical procedures 4 3 In lactation consultation 5 Media coverage 5 1 Journalism 5 2 Public events 6 Criticism 6 1 Privacy concerns 6 2 Safety considerations 6 3 Terms of service 7 Technical specifications 7 1 Google Glass Explorer 7 1 1 Explorer Version 1 7 1 2 Explorer Version 2 7 2 Google Glass Enterprise Edition 7 2 1 Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 8 Discontinuation 9 Concerns for the future 9 1 User Authentication 9 2 Locking 9 3 Notification 9 4 Physical Security 9 5 Governmental Security 9 6 Firewall 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksDevelopment editGoogle Glass was developed by Google X 19 the facility within Google devoted to technological advancements such as driverless cars 20 The Google Glass prototype resembled standard eyeglasses with the lens replaced by a head up display 21 In mid 2011 Google engineered a prototype that weighed 8 pounds 3 6 kg 22 by 2013 they were lighter than the average pair of sunglasses 1 In April 2013 the Explorer Edition was made available to Google I O developers in the United States for 1 500 23 nbsp A Glass prototype seen at Google I O in June 2012 The product was publicly announced in April 2012 24 Sergey Brin wore a prototype of the Glass to an April 5 2012 Foundation Fighting Blindness event in San Francisco 25 26 In May 2012 Google demonstrated for the first time how Google Glass could be used to shoot videos 27 Google provided four prescription frame choices for 225 and free with the purchase of any new Glass unit Google entered in a partnership with the Italian eyewear company Luxottica owners of the Ray Ban Oakley and other brands to offer additional frame designs 28 In June 2014 Nepal government adopted Google Glass for tackling poachers of wild animals and herbs of Chitwan International Park and other parks listed under World heritage sites In January 2015 Google ended the beta period of Glass the Google Glass Explorer program 29 30 Release date edit In early 2013 interested potential Glass users were invited to use a Twitter message with hashtag IfIHadGlass to qualify as an early user of the product The qualifiers dubbed Glass Explorers and numbering 8 000 individuals were notified in March 2013 and were later invited to pay 1 500 and visit a Google office in Los Angeles New York or San Francisco to pick up their unit following fitting and training from Google Glass guides On May 13 2014 Google announced a move to a more open beta via its Google Plus page 31 In February 2015 The New York Times reported that Google Glass was being redesigned by former Apple executive Tony Fadell and that it would not be released until he deemed it to be perfect 32 In July 2017 it was announced that the second iteration the Google Glass Enterprise Edition would be released in the US for companies such as Boeing 16 Google Glass Enterprise Edition has already been successfully used by Dr Ned Sahin to help children with autism learn social skills 33 In May 2019 Google announced the Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 Google also announced a partnership with Smith Optics to develop Glass compatible safety frames 17 Features edit nbsp Google Glass can be controlled using the touchpad built into the side of the device Touchpad A touchpad similar to that of one on a laptop is located on the side of Google Glass allowing users to control the device by swiping through a timeline like interface displayed on the screen 34 Sliding backward shows current events such as weather and sliding forward shows past events such as phone calls photos and circle updates Camera Google Glass has the ability to take 5 MP photos and record 720p HD video 35 Glass Enterprise Edition 2 has an improved 8MP 80 FOV camera 36 Display The Explorer version of Google Glass uses a liquid crystal on silicon based on an LCoS chip from Himax field sequential color system LED illuminated display 37 The display s LED illumination is first P polarized and then shines through the in coupling polarizing beam splitter PBS to the LCoS panel The panel reflects the light and alters it to S polarization at active pixel sensor sites The in coupling PBS then reflects the S polarized areas of light at 45 through the out coupling beam splitter to a collimating reflector at the other end Finally the out coupling beam splitter which is a partially reflecting mirror not a polarizing beam splitter reflects the collimated light another 45 and into the wearer s eye 38 39 Software edit nbsp A Google Glass with black frame for prescription lens Main article Glass OS Applications edit Google Glass applications are free applications built by third party developers Glass also uses many existing Google applications such as Google Maps and Gmail Many developers and companies built applications for Glass including news apps facial recognition exercise photo manipulation translation and sharing to social networks such as Facebook and Twitter 40 41 42 Third party applications announced at South by Southwest SXSW include Evernote Skitch The New York Times and Path 43 On March 23 2013 Google released the Mirror API allowing developers to start making apps for Glass 44 45 In the terms of service it was stated that developers may not put ads in their apps or charge fees 46 a Google representative told The Verge that this might change in the future 47 On May 16 2013 Google announced the release of seven new programs including reminders from Evernote fashion news from Elle and news alerts from CNN 48 Following Google s XE7 Glass Explorer Edition update in early July 2013 evidence of a Glass Boutique a store that will allow synchronization to Glass of Glassware and APKs was noted 49 Version XE8 made a debut for Google Glass on August 12 2013 It brings an integrated video player with playback controls the ability to post an update to Path and lets users save notes to Evernote Several other minute improvements include volume controls improved voice recognition and several new Google Now cards On November 19 2013 Google unveiled its Glass Development Kit showcasing the translation tool Word Lens the cooking program AllTheCooks and the exercise program Strava among others as successful examples 50 51 Google announced three news programs in May 2014 TripIt FourSquare and OpenTable in order to entice travelers On June 25 2014 Google announced that notifications from Android Wear would be sent to Glass 52 The European University Press published the first book to be read with Google Glass on October 8 2014 as introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair The book can be read as a normal paper book or enriched with multimedia elements with Google Glass Kindle on Smartphone and Pads on the platforms iOS and Android 53 MyGlass edit Google offered a companion Android and iOS app called MyGlass which allowed the user to configure and manage the device It was removed from the Play Store on February 22 2020 54 Voice activation edit Other than the touchpad Google Glass can be controlled using just voice actions To activate Glass wearers tilt their heads 30 upward which can be altered for preference or simply tap the touchpad and say O K Glass Once Glass is activated wearers can say an action such as Take a picture Record a video Hangout with person Google circle Google What year was Wikipedia founded Give me directions to the Eiffel Tower and Send a message to John 55 many of these commands can be seen in a product video released in February 2013 56 For search results that are read back to the user the voice response is relayed using bone conduction through a transducer that sits beside the ear thereby rendering the sound almost inaudible to other people 57 Use in medicine editIn hospitals edit Augmedix developed an app for the wearable device that allows physicians to live stream the patient visit and claims it will eliminate electronic health record problems possibly saving them up to 15 hours a week 58 and improving record quality The video stream is passed to remote scribes in HIPAA secure rooms where the doctor patient interaction is transcribed ultimately allowing physicians to focus on the patient Hundreds of users 59 were evaluating the app as of mid 2015 60 In July 2013 Lucien Engelen commenced research on the usability and impact of Google Glass in the health care field As of August 2013 Engelen based at Singularity University and in Europe at Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre was the first healthcare professional in Europe to participate in the Glass Explorer program 61 His research on Google Glass starting August 9 2013 was conducted in operating rooms ambulances a trauma helicopter general practice and home care as well as the use in public transportation for visually or physically impaired Research included taking pictures videos streaming to other locations dictating operative log having students watch the procedures and tele consultation through Hangout Engelen documented his findings in blogs 62 videos 63 pictures on Twitter 64 and on Google 65 with research ongoing as of that date In June 2014 Google Glass ability to acquire images of a patient s retina Glass Fundoscopy was publicly demonstrated for the first time at the Wilmer Clinical Meeting at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine by Dr Aaron Wang and Dr Allen Eghrari 66 This technique was featured on the cover of the Journal for Mobile Technology in Medicine for January 2015 67 Doctors Phil Haslam and Sebastian Mafeld demonstrated the first application of Google Glass in the field of interventional radiology They demonstrated how Google Glass could assist a liver biopsy and fistulaplasty and the pair stated that Google Glass has the potential to improve patient safety operator comfort and procedure efficiency in the field of interventional radiology 68 In 2015 IOS Press published Clinical and Surgical Applications of Smart Glasses a research article written by a team at the Columbia University Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery s Cerebrovascular Laboratory Under Neurosurgeon Dr Sander E Connolly Stefan Mitrasinovic Elvis Camacho Nirali Trivedi and others analyzed Google Glass s useful applications including hands free photo and video documentation telemedicine Electronic Health Record retrieval and input rapid diagnostic test analysis education and live broadcasting 69 In 2017 Swiss researchers assessed in a randomized controlled trial the adherence of emergency team leaders to the American Heart Association s AHA Pediatric Advanced Life Support PALS guidelines by adapting and displaying them in Google Glasses during simulation based pediatric cardiac arrest scenarios 70 In surgical procedures edit On June 20 2013 Rafael J Grossmann a Venezuelan doctor practicing in the U S was the first surgeon to demonstrate the use of Google Glass during a live surgical procedure 71 In August 2013 Google Glass was used at Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University Surgeon Dr Christopher Kaeding used Google Glass to consult with a distant colleague in Columbus Ohio A group of students at The Ohio State University College of Medicine also observed the operation on their laptop computers Following the procedure Kaeding stated To be honest once we got into the surgery I often forgot the device was there It just seemed very intuitive and fit seamlessly 72 On June 21 2013 doctor Pedro Guillen chief of trauma service of Clinica CEMTRO of Madrid also broadcast a surgery using Google Glass 73 In July 2014 the startup company Surgery Academy in Milan Italy launched a remote training platform for medical students The platform is a MOOC that allows students to join any operating theater thanks to Google Glass worn by surgeon 74 75 Also in July 2014 This Place released an app MindRDR to connect Glass to a Neurosky EEG monitor to allow people to take photos and share them to Twitter or Facebook using brain signals It is hoped this will allow people with severe physical disabilities to engage with social media 76 In lactation consultation edit nbsp Two participants in the Google Glass Breastfeeding app trial In Australia in January 2014 Melbourne tech startup Small World Social collaborated with the Australian Breastfeeding Association ABA to create the first hands free breastfeeding Google Glass application for new mothers 77 The application named Breastfeeding Through Glass allowed mothers to nurse their baby while viewing instructions about common breastfeeding issues latching on posture or call a lactation consultant via a secure Google Hangout who could view the issue through the mother s Google Glass camera 78 The trial lasted 7 weeks commencing on March 1 and ending on April 13 2014 79 There were five mothers and their newborn babies in the trial 80 fifteen volunteer counselors from ABA and seven project team members from Small World Social 80 81 The counselors were located in five States across Australia 82 The counselors were certified in lactation consultation 83 and located as far from the mothers as Perth Western Australia 3 500 kilometres away 82 While physically distant from the mothers the counselors provided support using video calls with Google Glass live on demand 84 According to media commentary the breastfeeding project demonstrated the potential of wearable devices for communities to deliver health and family support services across vast distances 85 86 The demonstrated positive uses of wearable devices contrasted some of the widespread criticism over privacy concerns that such devices have received 85 An article on Motherboard stated Google Glass whether warranted or not endures its fair share of criticism largely because a lot of initial use cases have been well kinda creepy So it s great to see instead Glass being used for uniquely positive ends as it is with the Australian Breastfeeding Association s Breastfeeding Support Project 85 Other journalists and commentators also called the trial beneficial 87 and an innovative application wearable technologies 88 ABC journalist presenter Penny Johnston of the radio program Babytalk remarked The Google Glass if you think about it is perfect to coach someone in breast feeding if you are holding or feeding a baby imagine a camera mounted on your glasses and look down There you have the world s best view for checking the baby s latch and your breastfeeding technique 88 In May 2014 Small World Social and ABA won the Gold Questar Award in the Emerging Media App section for the Breastfeeding with Google Glass App 89 In June 2014 Small World Social s Breastfeeding Support Project was awarded the Questar Best of Category Grand Prize For Emerging Media which is given to the top 5 of entries 90 ABA is optimistic about the future of wearable technologies supporting their work Small World Social commenced a trial in the US in June 2014 91 Media coverage editJournalism edit In 2014 Voice of America Television Correspondent Carolyn Presutti and Electronics Engineer Jose Vega began a web project called VOA amp Google Glass which explored the technology s potential uses in journalism 92 This series of news stories examined the technology s live reporting applications including conducting interviews and covering stories from the reporter s point of view On March 29 2014 American a cappella group Pentatonix partnered with Voice of America when lead singer Scott Hoying wore Glass in the band s performance at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington D C during the band s worldwide tour the first use of Glass by a lead singer in a professional concert 93 In the fall of 2014 The University of Southern California conducted a course called Glass Journalism which explored the device s application in journalism 94 The WWF as of mid 2014 used Google Glass and UAVs to track various animals and birds in the jungle which may be the first use of the device by a non profit non governmental organization NGO 95 As of 2022 the product has been viewed as a failure having been once slated as the next big thing in tech While they no longer exist the technology lives on in future products 96 Public events edit In 2014 the International Olympic Committee Young Reporters program took Google Glass to the Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games and put them on a number of athletes from different disciplines to explore novel point of view filmmaking 97 A visually impaired dancer Benjamin Yonattan used Google Glass to overcome his chronic vision condition In 2015 Yonattan performed on the reality television program America s Got Talent 98 Criticism editPrivacy concerns edit Concerns have been raised by various sources regarding the intrusion on privacy and the etiquette and ethics of using the device in public and recording people without their permission 99 100 101 Google co founder Sergey Brin claims that Glass could be seen as a way to become even more isolated in public but the intent was quite the opposite Brin views checking social media as a constant nervous tic which is why Glass can notify the user of important notifications and updates and does not obstruct the line of sight 102 Additionally there is controversy that Google Glass would cause security problems and violate privacy rights 103 104 105 Organizations like the FTC Fair Information Practice work to uphold privacy rights through Fair Information Practice Principles FIPPS which are guidelines representing concepts that concern fair information practice in an electronic marketplace 106 Privacy advocates are concerned that people wearing such eyewear may be able to identify strangers in public using facial recognition or surreptitiously record and broadcast private conversations 1 The Find my Face feature on Google functions to create a model of your face and of people you know in order to simplify tagging photos 107 Some companies in the US have posted anti Google Glass signs in their establishments 108 109 In July 2013 prior to the official release of the product Stephen Balaban co founder of software company Lambda Labs circumvented Google s facial recognition app block by building his own non Google approved operating system Balaban then installed face scanning Glassware that creates a summary of commonalities shared by the scanned person and the Glass wearer such as mutual friends and interests 110 Also created was Winky a program that allows a Google Glass user to take a photo with a wink of an eye while Marc Rogers a principal security researcher at Lookout discovered that Glass can be hijacked if a user could be tricked into taking a picture of a malicious QR code demonstrating the potential to be used as a weapon in cyberwarfare 111 In February 2013 a Google user noticed legal issues with Glass and posted in the Glass Explorers community about the issues stating that the device may be illegal to use according to the current legislation in Russia and Ukraine which prohibits use of spy gadgets that can record video audio or take photographs in an inconspicuous manner 112 Concerns were also raised in regard to the privacy and security of Glass users in the event that the device is stolen or lost an issue that was raised by a US congressional committee As part of its response to the committee Google stated that a locking system for the device is in development Google also reminded users that Glass can be remotely reset 49 Police in various states have also warned Glass wearers to watch out for muggers and street robbers 113 Lisa A Goldstein a freelance journalist who was born deaf tested the product on behalf of people with disabilities and published a review on August 6 2013 In her review Goldstein states that Google Glass does not accommodate hearing aids and is not suitable for people who cannot understand speech Goldstein also explained the limited options for customer support as telephone contact was her only means of communication 114 Several facilities have banned the use of Google Glass before its release to the general public citing concerns over potential privacy violating capabilities Other facilities such as Las Vegas casinos banned Google Glass citing their desire to comply with Nevada state law and common gaming regulations that ban the use of recording devices near gambling areas 115 On October 29 2014 the Motion Picture Association of America and the National Association of Theatre Owners announced a ban on wearable technology including Google Glass placing it under the same rules as mobile phones and video cameras 116 There have also been concerns over potential eye pain caused by users new to Glass 117 These concerns were validated by Google s optometry advisor Dr Eli Peli of Harvard though he later partly backtracked due to the controversy that ensued from his remarks 117 118 119 Concerns have been raised by cyber forensics experts at the University of Massachusetts who have developed a way to steal smartphone and tablet passwords using Google Glass The specialists developed a software program that uses Google Glass to track finger shadows as someone types in their password Their program then converts the touchpoints into the keys they were touching allowing them to catch the passcodes 120 Another concern regarding the camera application raises controversy to privacy Some people are concerned about how the product has the capability of recording during events such as conversations The device sets off a light to indicate that it is recording but many speculate that there will be an app to disable this 121 Users have been derisively referred to as Glassholes 122 Safety considerations edit Concerns have also been raised on operating motor vehicles while wearing the device On July 31 2013 it was reported that driving while wearing Google Glass was likely to be banned in the UK being deemed careless driving therefore a fixed penalty offense following a decision by the Department for Transport 123 In the US West Virginia state representative Gary G Howell introduced an amendment in March 2013 to the state s law against texting while driving that would include bans against using a wearable computer with head mounted display In an interview Howell stated The primary thing is a safety concern it the glass headset could project text or video into your field of vision I think there s a lot of potential for distraction 124 In October 2013 a driver in California was ticketed for driving with monitor visible to driver Google Glass after being pulled over for speeding by a San Diego Police Department officer The driver was reportedly the first to be fined for driving while wearing a Google Glass 125 While the judge noted that Google Glass fell under the purview and intent of the ban on driving with a monitor the case was thrown out of court due to lack of proof the device was on at the time 126 In February 2014 a woman wearing Google Glass claimed she was verbally and physically assaulted at a bar in San Francisco after a patron confronted her while she was showing off the device allegedly leading a man accompanying her to physically retaliate Witnesses suggested that patrons were upset over the possibility of being recorded 127 In November 2014 the results of comparative study in a driving simulator were published by Sawyer et al of the University of Central Florida and the US Air Force Research Laboratory were published in the journal Human Factors Subjects were asked to use either a smartphone or Google Glass to receive a message and were then presented with a situation where emergency braking was required The messages delivered by Google Glass were less distracting than those delivered via text but the problem was not eliminated Both devices impaired driving abilities while receiving messages and the Google Glass users also experienced some impairment even when not actively using the device 128 Terms of service edit Under the Google Glass terms of service for the Glass Explorer pre public release program it specifically states You may not resell loan transfer or give your device to any other person If you resell loan transfer or give your device to any other person without Google s authorization Google reserves the right to deactivate the device and neither you nor the unauthorized person using the device will be entitled to any refund product support or product warranty Wired commented on this policy of a company claiming ownership of its product after it had been sold saying Welcome to the New World one in which companies are retaining control of their products even after consumers purchase them 129 Others pointed out that Glass was not for public sale at all but rather in private testing for selected developers and that not allowing developers in a closed beta to sell to the public is not the same as banning consumers from reselling a publicly released device 130 Technical specifications editGoogle Glass Explorer edit Explorer Version 1 edit nbsp The Explorer s LCoS display is illuminated using sequential color LEDs that pass through a polarization conversion system a polarizing beam splitter a half silvered mirror and an anastigmat collimating reflector formed on the nose end of the optical assembly 38 39 For the developer Explorer units version 1 Android 4 4 KitKat 131 640 360 Himax HX7309 LCoS display 6 37 5 megapixel camera capable of 720p video recording 8 Wi Fi 802 11b g 8 Bluetooth 8 16 GB storage 12 GB available 8 Texas Instruments OMAP 4430 SoC 1 2 GHz Dual ARMv7 6 1 GB RAM 132 3 axis gyroscope 3 axis accelerometer and 3 axis magnetometer compass 133 Ambient light sensing and proximity sensor 133 Bone conduction audio transducer 8 Explorer Version 2 edit For the developer Explorer units version 2 RAM was expanded to 2 GB and prescription frames were made available all of the features from the Explorer version 1 plus 2 GB RAM 134 Prescription frames available 135 Google Glass Enterprise Edition edit The Google Glass Enterprise Edition improves upon previous editions with the following specifications 136 Intel Atom processor Dual band 802 11n ac wifi Assisted GPS amp GLONASS Barometer 32 GB of storage 780 mAh battery Dynamic driver speaker instead of bone conduction audio transducer Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 edit The Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2 improves upon previous editions with the following specifications 36 Qualcomm Snapdragon XR1 quad core up to 1 7 GHz 10 nm Android Oreo with Android Enterprise Mobile Device Management 17 3 GB LPDDR4 Bluetooth 5 x AoA 8MP 80 FOV camera 3 beam forming microphones USB Type C port supporting USB 2 0 480 Mbit s 820 mAh battery with fast charge 6 axis accelerometer gyroscope On head detection sensor and Eye on screen sensor for power saving features Water and dust resistant 46g weightDiscontinuation editGoogle stopped production of the Google Glass Enterprise Edition according to the website 137 as of March 15 2023 and supported it until September 15 2023 Concerns for the future editThe biggest concern for future technologies similar to the Google Glass is the privacy issues that the Google Glass suffered from One of the reasons why people were so concerned about privacy is because of strangers taking photos of them without consent Another is their personal information being hacked into and possibly stolen There are a few ways that cyber security could be improved User Authentication Locking Notification Physical Security Governmental Security and a Firewall 138 User Authentication edit User Authentication is proposed as a cutting edge security measure for Google Glass as outlined by Seyedmostafa Safavi The suggestion involves implementing an auto protect system that enhances the identification functionality for Glass users This system would incorporate various advanced authentication methods such as PIN authentication biometrics and multifactor authentication Examples of biometric measures include eye focus for opening the lock retinal scans and voice scans 139 Locking edit The proposed security measure for Google Glass based on Seyedmostafa Safavi s suggestion involves the implementation of a new feature known as Locking This feature aims to enhance the security of Google Glass by introducing an auto cover functionality With this feature users can employ voice commands such as OK GLASS LOCK and OK GLASS UNLOCK to seamlessly close and open the device respectively By incorporating this voice activated auto cover system Google Glass ensures that users can easily and securely safeguard their device with a simple vocal command 140 Notification edit To enhance user privacy it is suggested to modify the appearance of Google Glass by incorporating a notification feature Specifically after taking a picture or recording a video the device would display a notification that it is turned ON for a brief period 5 seconds This serves as a visual cue to alert users that the camera is actively in use Moreover the proposed solution includes the integration of an LED next to the camera This LED functions as an additional notification mechanism signalling to others in the vicinity that the camera has been activated The visual indicator combined with the brief notification display aims to increase transparency and awareness mitigating concerns related to the inadvertent or unauthorized use of the camera 141 Physical Security edit Physical Security involves implementing features to address the potential theft of the device Recognizing the personal nature of Google Glass the proposal suggests utilizing the MAC address as a means to track the device in the event of theft This implies that Google could provide a mechanism for owners to use the unique MAC address of their device to facilitate tracking and recovery Furthermore the proposal emphasizes the improvement of access control and Media Access Control MAC for Google Glass by incorporating physical security adjustments The specifics of these adjustments are not detailed in the excerpt but they likely refer to measures that enhance the physical protection of the device such as locks biometric authentication or other mechanisms that prevent unauthorized access 142 Governmental Security edit Governmental Security focuses on addressing realistic concerns related to security breaches associated with the device in specific government related contexts To mitigate these issues the proposal recommends the design and development of sensors that would restrict the usage of Glass devices in designated areas The suggested sensors could be programmed to identify and enforce restrictions in sensitive or high security locations preventing the use of Google Glass in these areas Additionally the proposal explores the possibility of limiting the purchase and usage of the device to specific organizations engaged in high security situations Furthermore the proposal envisions a combination of the cover prototype with the sensor technology If a Glass device enters a restricted area the sensor could trigger the automatic closure of the device cover thereby prohibiting recording or capturing of sensitive information This proposed functionality could also be remotely managed through online controls allowing administrators to monitor device usage and deactivate those in prohibited zones 143 Firewall edit The proposed firewall system would be designed to take immediate action in response to potential security threats One key aspect of this proposal is the automatic closure of the camera cover in the event of unauthorized use This serves as a physical barrier to prevent unauthorized recording or capturing of information Simultaneously the owner is notified of the breach through a device vibration providing a timely and noticeable alert Additionally the proposal suggests leveraging log files as a means of verification The device usage could be monitored by an online log file accessible to the Google support team This would enable the support team to review and verify the usage history of the Google Glass ensuring that any suspicious or unauthorized activity is detected and addressed promptly 144 Other improvements such as using gestures to control the device 145 would be useful so long as the movements don t intrude in other people s space in public Outside of improvement there are other privacy concerns for Google Glass In Olya Kudina and Peter Paul Verbeek s article Ethics from Within Google Glass the Collingridge Dilemma and the Mediated Value of Privacy they analyse YouTube comments about how people view Google Glass With some comments going as far as to threaten physical harm on Google Glass users or being terrified of losing their dignity in places like gyms 146 This is something that any future 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original on December 3 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy Archived PDF from the original on December 3 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy Archived PDF from the original on December 3 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Archived copy Archived PDF from the original on December 3 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Hsieh Yi Ta Jylha Antti Orso Valeria Gamberini Luciano Jacucci Giulio 2016 Designing a Willing to Use in Public Hand Gestural Interaction Technique for Smart Glasses Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems pp 4203 4215 doi 10 1145 2858036 2858436 ISBN 978 1 4503 3362 7 S2CID 2639860 Kudina Olya Verbeek Peter Paul 2019 Ethics from within Google Glass the Collingridge Dilemma and the Mediated Value of Privacy Science Technology amp Human Values 44 2 291 314 doi 10 1177 0162243918793711 Archived from the original on December 9 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 Park Yong Jin Skoric Marko 2017 Personalized Ad in Your Google Glass Wearable Technology Hands Off Data Collection and New Policy Imperative Journal of Business Ethics 142 71 82 doi 10 1007 s10551 015 2766 2 S2CID 254377237 Archived copy Archived PDF from the original on December 9 2023 Retrieved December 9 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Further reading edit Doctors among Early Adopters of Google Glass Canadian Medical Association Journal September 30 2013 Web October 11 2014 Evaluation of Google Glass Technical Limitations on Their Integration in Medical Systems Sensors 2016 16 12 2142 doi 10 3390 s16122142External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Google Glass Google Glass official site Google Glass Apps comprehensive apps list Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Google Glass amp oldid 1222340660 In lactation consultation, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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