This article is about the Arabic letter. For the Cyrillic letter, see Ghayn (Cyrillic).
The Arabic letter غ (Arabic: غَيْنْ, ghayn or ġayn) is the nineteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being thāʼ, khāʼ, dhāl, ḍād, ẓāʼ). It represents the sound /ɣ/ or /ʁ/. In name and shape, it is a variant of ʻayn (ع). Its numerical value is 1000 (see Abjad numerals). In the Persian language, it represents [ɣ]~[ɢ] and is the twenty-second letter in the new Persian alphabet.
Proto-Semiticġ (usually reconstructed as voiced velar fricative/ɣ/ or voiced uvular fricative/ʁ/) merged with ʻayn in most Semitic languages except for Arabic, Ugaritic, and older varieties of the Canaanite languages. The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for ġ, 𐩶. Biblical Hebrew, as of the 3rd century BCE, apparently still distinguished the phonemes ġ and ḫ/χ/, based on transcriptions in the Septuagint, such as that of the name "Gomorrah" as Gomorras (Γομορραν) for the Hebrew ‘Ămōrā (עֲמֹרָה). Canaanite languages, including Hebrew, later also merged ġ with ʻayin, and the merger was complete in Tiberian Hebrew.
The letter ghayn (غ) is preferred in the Levant (nowadays), and by Aljazeera TV channel, to represent /ɡ/, e.g., هونغ كونغ (Hong Kong) and غاندالف (Gandalf). Foreign publications and TV channels in Arabic, e.g. Deutsche Welle,[1] and Alhurra,[2] follow this practice. It is then often pronounced /ɡ/, not /ɣ/, though in many cases, غ is pronounced in loanwords as expected (/ɣ/, not /ɡ/).
Other letters can be used to transcribe /ɡ/ in loanwords and names, depending on whether the local variety of Arabic in the country has the phoneme /ɡ/, and if it does, which letter represents it, and whether it is customary in the country to use that letter to transcribe /ɡ/. For instance, in Egypt, where ج is pronounced as [ɡ] in all situations, even in speaking Modern Standard Arabic (except in certain contexts, such as reciting the Qur'an), ج is used to transcribe foreign [ɡ] in all contexts. The same applies to coastal Yemen, as well as southwestern and eastern Oman.
When representing the sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as ע׳. In English, the letter غ in Arabic names is usually transliterated as gh, ġ, or simply g: بغدادBaghdād 'Baghdad', or غزةGhazzah 'Gaza', the latter of which does not render the sound [ɣ]~[ʁ] accurately. The closest equivalent sound to be known to most English-speakers is the ParisianFrench "r" [ʁ].
Cyrillic Ghayn, used for several Central Asian languages
Referencesedit
^"Leningrad لينينغراد spelled with غ rather than ج". Retrieved 14 December 2022.
^""Blogger" بلوغر is spelled with غ, not ج about an article on Egypt quoting an Egyptian official Facebook post spelling it بلوجر with ج". Retrieved 14 December 2022.
April 11, 2024
ghayn, this, article, about, arabic, letter, cyrillic, letter, cyrillic, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sour. This article is about the Arabic letter For the Cyrillic letter see Ghayn Cyrillic This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ghayn news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Arabic letter غ Arabic غ ي ن ghayn or ġayn is the nineteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet one of the six letters not in the twenty two akin to the Phoenician alphabet the others being thaʼ khaʼ dhal ḍad ẓaʼ It represents the sound ɣ or ʁ In name and shape it is a variant of ʻayn ع Its numerical value is 1000 see Abjad numerals In the Persian language it represents ɣ ɢ and is the twenty second letter in the new Persian alphabet Ẓaʾ GhaynArabicغPhonemic representationɣ ʁPosition in alphabet28Numerical value1000Alphabetic derivatives of the PhoenicianGhaynغUsageWriting systemArabic scriptTypeAbjadLanguage of originArabic languagePhonetic usageɣ ʁAlphabetical position19Numerical value 1000HistoryDevelopmentعغOtherAssociated numbers1000Writing directionRight to leftThis article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Ghayn is written in several ways depending on its position in the word Position in word Isolated Final Medial InitialGlyph form Help غ ـغ ـغـ غـ Contents 1 History 2 Usage 3 Related characters 4 Character encodings 5 See also 6 ReferencesHistory editProto Semitic ġ usually reconstructed as voiced velar fricative ɣ or voiced uvular fricative ʁ merged with ʻayn in most Semitic languages except for Arabic Ugaritic and older varieties of the Canaanite languages The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for ġ 𐩶 Biblical Hebrew as of the 3rd century BCE apparently still distinguished the phonemes ġ and ḫ x based on transcriptions in the Septuagint such as that of the name Gomorrah as Gomorras Gomorran for the Hebrew Ămōra ע מ ר ה Canaanite languages including Hebrew later also merged ġ with ʻayin and the merger was complete in Tiberian Hebrew Proto Semitic Akkadian Arabic Canaanite Hebrew Aramaic South Arabian Geʻezġ غ gh nbsp ġ ʻ ע ʻ ע ʻ nbsp ġ ዐ ʻUsage editThe letter ghayn غ is preferred in the Levant nowadays and by Aljazeera TV channel to represent ɡ e g هونغ كونغ Hong Kong and غاندالف Gandalf Foreign publications and TV channels in Arabic e g Deutsche Welle 1 and Alhurra 2 follow this practice It is then often pronounced ɡ not ɣ though in many cases غ is pronounced in loanwords as expected ɣ not ɡ Other letters can be used to transcribe ɡ in loanwords and names depending on whether the local variety of Arabic in the country has the phoneme ɡ and if it does which letter represents it and whether it is customary in the country to use that letter to transcribe ɡ For instance in Egypt where ج is pronounced as ɡ in all situations even in speaking Modern Standard Arabic except in certain contexts such as reciting the Qur an ج is used to transcribe foreign ɡ in all contexts The same applies to coastal Yemen as well as southwestern and eastern Oman When representing the sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew it is written as ע In English the letter غ in Arabic names is usually transliterated as gh ġ or simply g بغداد Baghdad Baghdad or غزة Ghazzah Gaza the latter of which does not render the sound ɣ ʁ accurately The closest equivalent sound to be known to most English speakers is the Parisian French r ʁ Related characters editFor the related characters see ng Arabic letter Character encodings editCharacter information Preview غ ﻍ ﻎ ﻏ ﻐUnicode name ARABIC LETTER GHAIN ARABIC LETTER GHAINISOLATED FORM ARABIC LETTER GHAINFINAL FORM ARABIC LETTER GHAININITIAL FORM ARABIC LETTER GHAINMEDIAL FORMEncodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hexUnicode 1594 U 063A 65229 U FECD 65230 U FECE 65231 U FECF 65232 U FED0UTF 8 216 186 D8 BA 239 187 141 EF BB 8D 239 187 142 EF BB 8E 239 187 143 EF BB 8F 239 187 144 EF BB 90Numeric character reference amp 1594 wbr amp x63A wbr amp 65229 wbr amp xFECD wbr amp 65230 wbr amp xFECE wbr amp 65231 wbr amp xFECF wbr amp 65232 wbr amp xFED0 wbr Character information Preview ڠ ݝ ࢳUnicode name ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS BELOWEncodings decimal hex dec hex dec hexUnicode 1696 U 06A0 1885 U 075D 2227 U 08B3UTF 8 218 160 DA A0 221 157 DD 9D 224 162 179 E0 A2 B3Numeric character reference amp 1696 wbr amp x6A0 wbr amp 1885 wbr amp x75D wbr amp 2227 wbr amp x8B3 wbr See also editNg Arabic letter Arabic phonology Cyrillic Ghayn used for several Central Asian languagesReferences edit Leningrad لينينغراد spelled with غ rather than ج Retrieved 14 December 2022 Blogger بلوغر is spelled with غ not ج about an article on Egypt quoting an Egyptian official Facebook post spelling it بلوجر with ج Retrieved 14 December 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ghayn amp oldid 1215335936, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
