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Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

January 01, 1970

The foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) are conducted by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of representation offices and embassies in foreign countries.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is the government in exile claiming sovereignty of the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. The Polisario Front, the national liberation movement that administers the SADR, currently controls the area that it calls the Liberated Territories, a strip of Western Sahara territory east of the Moroccan Wall. It also administers the Sahrawi refugee camps at Tindouf, Algeria, where its headquarters are. It has conducted diplomatic relations with states and international organisations since its inception in 1973. In 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 22/29 affirmed for the first time the Sahrawi right on self-determination. In 1979, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37 reaffirmed again the right of the Western Sahara people to self-determination and independence, recognising also the Polisario Front as the representative of the Western Sahara people.

Since the country is not widely recognised, the government has asked Independent Diplomat to serve its interests.[1]

Recognition edit

As of September 2022, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has been recognized by 84 UN member states. Of these, 38 have "frozen" or "withdrawn" recognition for a number of reasons. Several states that do not recognise the Sahrawi Republic nonetheless recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the population of the Western Sahara, but not as the government-in-exile for a sovereign state. [citation needed] The republic has been a full member of the African Union (AU), formerly the Organization of African Unity (OAU), since 1984. Morocco withdrew from the OAU in protest and remained the only African nation not within the AU between South Africa's admittance in 1994 and (re-)joining the African Union in 2017. The SADR also participates as guest on meetings of the Non-Aligned Movement[2][3] or the New Asian–African Strategic Partnership,[4][5] over Moroccan objections to SADR participation.[6] On the other hand, upholding Moroccan "territorial integrity" is favoured by the Arab League.[7][8]

Besides Algeria, Mexico, Iran, Venezuela, Vietnam, Nigeria, and South Africa, India was the major middle power to have ever recognised SADR and maintained full diplomatic relations, having allowed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open an embassy in New Delhi in 1985. However, India "withdrew" its recognition in 2000.[9]

As with any fluid political situation, diplomatic recognitions of either party's rights are subject to frequent and sometimes unannounced change.

Bilateral relations edit

 
Memorandum of understanding between Ecuador and SADR, in Quito, July 2012

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has, since its proclamation established diplomatic relations with a number of states, mainly in Africa and Latin America, which have recognised its independence. In connection with the "freezing", "withdrawing" and resuming of recognition, similar changes have occurred at the level of diplomatic relations. SADR has stable and developed relationships with states such as Algeria and South Africa.

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is represented abroad by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of missions and embassies. Some states that have recognised the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic have elevated the Polisario representation in their country to the status of SADR embassy. The Polisario Front maintains also a network of representations on countries that do not recognized the SADR as a sovereign country, mainly in Europe, with some of them having relations with the host country governments. Representation of foreign countries to the SADR is performed by embassies located abroad, mainly in Algiers, due to the Western Sahara conflict and the settlement of the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria. Strong support of Sahrawi cause from some countries is demonstrated by foreign delegation's visits in Liberated Territories of Western Sahara.[note 1][note 2]

Current diplomatic relations edit

 
Current relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)
  SADR, as claimed
  Diplomatic relations and recognition of SADR
  Recognition of SADR only

A total of 36 states presently maintain diplomatic relations with the SADR. Of these, 28 have continuously maintained relations with SADR without any interruptions. As of 6 August 2018, Botswana is the most recent nation to have formally established diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Eight states have frozen or canceled relations with the SADR in the past, but later resumed them. As of 20 September 2022, South Sudan is the most recent nation that reestablished diplomatic relations with SADR.

# State Relations established Sahrawi mission Mission to Sahrawi Republic Notes
1   Algeria 6 March 1976[13] Embassy (Algiers)[14] — AU, Arab League, OIC; Algeria–SADR relations
2   Angola Yes[when?] Embassy (Luanda)[15] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers) AU
3   Belize 18 November 1986[16] Embassy, non-resident (Managua)[17] — —
4   Bolivia 14 November 1982[18] Embassy, non-resident (Caracas)[19] — Relations were suspended from 20 January 2020[20] to 16 September 2021.[18]
5   Botswana 6 August 2018[21] Embassy (Gaborone)[22] Embassy, non-resident (Addis Ababa)[23] AU
6   Cambodia 1980s[24] — —
7   Colombia 27 February 1984[25] — — Relations were frozen from 20 December 2000[26][27] to 10 August 2022.[28]
8   Cuba 21 January 1980[29] Embassy (Havana)[30] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[31] Cuba–SADR relations
9   East Timor 20 May 2002[32] Embassy (Dili)[33] — East Timor–SADR relations
10   Ecuador Yes[when?] Embassy (Quito)[34][35] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[36] —
11   Ethiopia Yes[when?] Embassy (Addis Ababa)[37] Embassy, non-resident (Rome)[38] AU
12   Ghana Yes[when?] Embassy (Accra)[39][40] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers) AU
13   Honduras 5 June 2013[41][42] — — —
14   Kenya 25 June 2005[43] Embassy (Nairobi)[44][45] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[46] AU; Relations were frozen from 18 October 2006[47] to 6 February 2014 or shorter;[44] Kenya–SADR relations
Further details
On 2 December 2013 Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya Justin Muturi announced the opening of SADR embassy in Nairobi soon.[48][49] On 11 December 2013 Sahrawi president Mohamed Abdelaziz officially visited Kenya for Independence Day celebrations.[50][51] On 6 February 2014 Sahrawi embassy was open.[44]
15   Laos 3 August 1987[52] Embassy, non-resident (New Delhi) — —
16   Lesotho Yes[when?] Embassy, non-resident (Pretoria) Embassy, non-resident (Kuwait City)[53] AU
17   Mauritius 1983[54][when?] Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)[55] — AU; Relations are cancelled from 17 January 2014[56] to 23 November 2015.[57]
18   Mexico 24 September 1979[58] Embassy (Mexico City)[59] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[60] Mexico–SADR relations
19   Mozambique 26 September 1984[61] Embassy (Maputo)[62] — AU, OIC
20   Namibia 21 May 1991[63] Embassy, non-resident (Luanda)[64] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[10] AU
21   Nicaragua 10 March 1989[65] Embassy (Managua)[66] Embassy, non-resident (New York City)[67] Relations were frozen from 21 July 2000 to 12 January 2007.[68]
22   Nigeria 11 November 1984[69] Embassy (Abuja)[70][71] Embassy, non resident (Algiers)[72] AU, OIC; Nigeria–SADR relations
23   North Korea 16 March 1976[73] — — —
24   Panama 1 June 1979[74] Embassy (Panama City)[75] — Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013[76] to 7 January 2016;[77] Panama–SADR relations
25   Rwanda Yes[when?] Embassy, non resident (Kampala)[78] — AU
26   Sierra Leone Yes[79][when?] — — AU, OIC
27   South Africa 15 September 2004[80] Embassy (Pretoria)[81] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[82] AU; SADR–South Africa relations
28   South Sudan 9 July 2011[83] Embassy, non-resident (Addis Ababa)[84] — AU; Relations were cancelled from 30 September 2018[85] to 20 September 2022.[86]
29   Tanzania Yes[when?] Embassy (Dar es Salaam) — AU
30   Uganda Yes[when?] Embassy (Kampala)[87] Embassy, non-resident (Tripoli)[88] AU, OIC
31   Uruguay 26 December 2005[89] Embassy (Montevideo)[90] — —
32   Vanuatu 31 July 2008[91] Embassy, non-resident (Dili) — —
33   Venezuela December 1982[92] Embassy (Caracas) Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[93] SADR–Venezuela relations
34   Vietnam 2 March 1979[94] — Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[95] —
35   Zimbabwe 3 June 1980[96] Embassy (Harare)[97][98][99] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[11] AU

Former diplomatic relations edit

 
Former relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)
  SADR, as claimed
  Diplomatic relations[note 3] and recognition[note 4] of SADR in the past
  Recognition[note 4] of SADR in the past only

A total of 16 states or more [note 3] maintained official diplomatic relations with the SADR in the past. Their relations with SADR are now suspended, frozen or cancelled. As of 12 March 2020, Liberia is the most recent nation to formally cancel diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

# State Relations established Former Sahrawi mission[note 5][note 6] Former mission to Sahrawi Republic[note 5] Notes
1   Burundi Yes[when?] — — AU; Relations were frozen from 5 May 2006 to 16 June 2008,[102] they are cancelled from 25 October 2010.[103][104]
2   Cape Verde 30 September 1980[105] — — AU; Relations are frozen from 27 July 2007.[106][107]
3   Chad 4 July 1980[108][109] — — AU; Relations are suspended from 17 March 2006.[110]
Further details
On 10 July 2007 Prime Minister of Chad Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye received Sahrawi Foreign Minister Mohamed Salem Ould Salek. According to the communiqué, dated 17 July 2007 both parties decided to raise their diplomatic relations to ambassadorial level. 20 July was published Chadian objection to ignore protocol in Alwihda article where was written about Prime Minister signature of relations agreement. On the same place of Governmental web was published full text of comminiqué from 17 July 2007. It shows that Chadian objection to Alwihda article was mistakenly interpreted as a denial of diplomatic relations as such.[109] On 11 August 2018 Sahrawi President expressed appreciation for the steadfast position of Chad in supporting the Sahrawi people's right to freedom and independence.[111] In 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chad reiterated that Chad has severed any relationship with SADR since 2006.[112]
4   Costa Rica Yes[when?] Embassy, non-resident (Panama City)[113] — Relations are frozen from 22 April 2000.[113][114][115]
5   El Salvador 1989[116][when?] Embassy, non-resident (Managua)[117] Embassy, non-resident (New York City) Relations were cancelled from April 1997[26] to 6 June 2009 or shorter.[118] Relations are cancelled again from 15 June 2019.[119]
6   Guyana 28 September 2012[120][121] Embassy, non-resident (Caracas)[122][123][124][125] — OIC; Relations are cancelled from 14 November 2020.[126]
7   Guinea-Bissau Yes[when?] Embassy (Bissau)[26] — AU, OIC; Relations are cancelled from 30 March 2010.[127]
8   Haiti 22 November 2006[128] Embassy (Port-au-Prince) — Relations are cancelled from 2 October 2013.[129]
9   India 1985[130] Embassy (New Delhi)[131] Embassy, non-resident (Algiers)[132] Relations are cancelled from 26 June 2000.[9]
10   Liberia 30 October 2012 or before[133] Embassy, non-resident[133][where?] — AU; Relations were suspended after Liberia opened a consulate in Dakhla, which is controlled by Morocco.[134]
11   Madagascar 29 January 1978[135] Embassy (Antananarivo)[131] — AU; Relations are frozen from 6 April 2005.[136][137]
12   Malawi 24 March 2002[138][139] Embassy, non-resident (Nairobi)[140][141][142] Embassy, non-resident (Cairo)[143] AU; Relations were cancelled from 27 December 2002[144] to 1 February 2008[145] and from 16 September 2008[146][147] to 6 March 2014 or shorter.[140] They are cancelled again from 5 May 2017.[148]
Further details
In the past, Malawi had non-resident embassy (Cairo) in the SADR,[149] later this embassy was not accredited to Sahrawi Republic.[150]
On 15 February 2012 SADR minister in charge of Africa was received by foreign minister of Malawi,[151] on 6 March 2014 SADR ambassador presented credentials to president of Malawi.[140]
In 2014, Malawi embassy in Cairo was accredited to the SADR again.[143]
13   Paraguay 9 February 2000[152][153] Embassy, non-resident (Montevideo)[154] — Relations were frozen from 25 July 2000 to 12 August 2008,[155] they are suspended from 3 January 2014.[156][157]
14   Peru 5 May 1987[158] Embassy (Lima) — Relations were frozen from 9 September 1996[159] to 8 September 2021;[160] Relations suspended in September 2023 again.[161] Peru–SADR relations
15   St. Vincent and the Grenadines 14 February 2002[162] Embassy, non-resident (Tindouf)[163][164] — Relations are frozen from 15 February 2013.[165]
16   Seychelles Yes[when?] Embassy, non-resident (Antananarivo,[166] then Algiers)[167] — AU; Relations are cancelled from 17 March 2008.[168]
17   Zambia Yes[when?] Embassy, non-resident (Dar es Salaam)[169][170] — AU; Relations were cancelled from 29 March 2011.[171][172] to 21 November 2012.[173] Relations are cancelled again from 25 February 2017.[174]
Further details
According to Zambian sources, Foreign Minister Kabinga Pande received a bribe from Morocco for the MMD's 2011 election campaign and his personal re-election campaign in exchange for the "withdrawal" of recognition of the SADR.[175]
In July 2012 it was published, that the Michael Sata Government is in the process of recognising again the SADR as a sovereign state, as well as restoring the diplomatic relations.[176][177] Early 2020 Zambian opened a consulates general in Laayoune.[178]

Relations with international organisations edit

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic holds either 'member' or 'observer' status in several international organisations. It participates in the activities of organisations that have formalised its membership, as well as in activities of other organizations as a guest participant. The SADR is usually represented by a Government or national organisations such as the Sahrawi Trade Union.

International Organisation Status Representation Application date Admission date Notes
African Union (AU; formerly Organization for African Unity) member Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 23 June 1980[179] 31 August 1981[180] SADR representative is Vice President of the Pan-African Parliament (PAP) from May 2015.[181]
Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa member[182][183] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances member[184] Association of the Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared (AFAPREDESA)
International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY) member Sahrawi Youth Union (UJSARIO) UJSARIO representative was one of IUSY Vice Presidents for 2012–2014.[185]
Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU) member[186][187] Sahrawi Lawyers’ Union
Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) member National Union of Sahrawi Women (UNMS)
World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) member[188] Sahrawi Youth Union
World Federation of Trade Unions member Sahrawi Trade Union (UGTSARIO) 28 March 2000[189]
Non-member status
African Union–European Union Summit participant Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in all AU-EU Summits. In 2017, SADR participated on 5th Summit in Abidjan, Morocco's attempts to exclude SADR was thwarted.[190][191]
  Andean Community of Nations observer[note 7] Sahrawi National Council September 2011[192] 26 October 2011[193]
Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) participant[note 8] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in the opening conference of the PARLACEN, July 2010.[194]
Ibero-American Summit participant[note 8] Polisario Front — — Polisario Front participated in 22nd Ibero-American Summit in Cádiz, November 2012.[195]
  International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies observer[196] Sahrawi Red Crescent April 1977[197]
New Asian–African Strategic Partnership (NAASP) participant[note 9] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in first senior officials meeting of the NAASP in Durban, September 2006.[4][198]
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) guest[note 10] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated as guest in 16th Summit of NAM in Tehran, August 2012.
Permanent Conference of Political Parties of the Latin American and the Caribbean
(COPPPAL) 		participant[note 8] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic — — SADR participated in COPPPAL meeting in Managua, September 2006.[199]
SADR delegation participated in meeting of COPPPAL and ICAPP in Mexico City, October 2012.[200]
  Progressive Alliance participant[201] Polisario Front — —
Socialist International consultative member Polisario Front 30 June 2008[202] Admitted as observer member. Promoted to consultative member in 2017.[203]

International treaties and conventions edit

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has signed a number of international treaties, conventions, protocols and charters negotiated in the context of the African Union. SADR participates in protection of human rights, common defense or trade liberalisation by signature of following agreements.

International treaty or convention Signature Ratification Notes
African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance 25 July 2010[204] 27 November 2013
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 10 April 1986[205] 2 May 1986
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 23 October 1992[206] —
African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration 1 July 2011[207] —
African Continental Free Trade Agreement 21 March 2018[208] — A trade agreement between some African Union member states which will establish the African Continental Free Trade Area.
African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) 20 June 2006[209] 27 November 2013
AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption 25 July 2010[210] 27 November 2013
AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) 23 August 2009[211] 27 November 2013
AU Non-aggression and Common Defence Pact 21 May 2007[212] 27 April 2009
Convention of the African Energy Commission 20 June 2006[213] 9 May 2007
Geneva Conventions 23 June 2015[214] Polisario Front made a unilateral declaration under Article 93.3 of Protocol I to apply the four Conventions and Protocol I in the Western Sahara conflict with Morocco. Polisario Front is not recognized as a party of Conventions, but declaration was accepted by the depositary of Convenions (Swiss Federal Council).[215][216]
OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism 14 July 1999[217] 9 January 2002
Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights 25 July 2010[218] —
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 25 July 2010[219] 27 November 2013
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa 20 June 2006[220] —
Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (AEC Treaty) 3 June 1991[221] 25 August 1992[222] SADR signed to the AEC Treaty,[223] but not participates in any of the AEC pillars.

Participation in international sports federations edit

In 2015, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic participated for the first time in the All Africa Games, the biggest African multi-sports event.

International Organisation Status Representation Application date Admission date Notes
African Union Sports Council[224] member Sahrawi Ministry of Youth and Sports[225] In September 2015, Sahrawi Republic participated in the 11th All Africa Games.[226]
N.F.-Board[note 11] provisional member Sahrawi Football Federation December 2003 In 2012, a Sahrawi team participated for the first time in the Viva World Cup hosted by Iraqi Kurdistan.
CONIFA member Sahrawi Football Federation August 2016

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ While ambassadors usually presented credentials to Sahrawi President in Camp Rabuni in Algeria, Cuban and Namibian ambassadors in March 2018 and Zimbabwean ambassador as third in May 2018 presented credentials to Sahrawi President in Liberated Territories of the SADR (in Bir Lehlou or Tifariti).[10][11]
  2. ^ In May 2018, delegations represented by the ambassadors of Vietnam, Ecuador, Namibia, Cuba and South Africa and diplomats from Ethiopia, Uganda, Angola and Nigeria attended the festivities commemorating the 45th anniversary of the outbreak of the Sahrawi armed struggle in Tifariti, Liberated Territories.[12]
  3. ^ a b The number of States which maintained diplomatic relations with SADR in the past is likely to be more, but for any relations with States that "withdrew" or "froze" recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources.
  4. ^ a b According to international law regarding recognition of states, contained in article 6 of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States: "Recognition of a state simply means that the state recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law. Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable". Therefore, once one state recognizes another as a fellow sovereign state, this recognition cannot be revoked, except when one or the other ceases to exist. One can only revoke the recognition of a government (for example by breaking off diplomatic relations), not of the state itself.[100][101]
  5. ^ a b The number of former embassies which existed in the past is likely to be more, but for any embassies to/of states that "withdrew" or "froze" recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources.
  6. ^ The former embassies usually continue to work, but as a unilateral Representative Offices without diplomatic privileges from the host country.
  7. ^ In the framework of the Andean Parliament.
  8. ^ a b c There is not a formal status of the SADR, but here is the SADR official participation in the activities of this international organization.
  9. ^ NAASP does not have formalised membership, it is open to States of Asia and Africa.
  10. ^ There is no permanent guest status, but often several non-member states are represented as guests at NAM conferences.
  11. ^ N.F.-Board is defunct since January 2013.

References edit

  1. ^ Thomas Frear: The foreign policy options of a small unrecognised state: the case of Abkhazia, in: Caucasus Survey, Vol. 1 (2014), No. 2, pp. 83-107 (here: p. 97), DOI: 10.1080/23761199.2014.11417293.
  2. ^ . Sahara Press Service. 2012-08-30. Archived from the original on 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
  3. ^ . Sahara Press Service. 2012-09-02. Archived from the original on 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
  4. ^ a b "South Africa". ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2006-09-09. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
  5. ^ South African Broadcasting Corporation (2006-09-01). . South African Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  6. ^ South African Broadcasting Corporation (2006-09-02). . South African Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  7. ^ . Arabic News. 1999-01-08. Archived from the original on 2012-09-07. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
  8. ^ . Arabic News. 1998-12-17. Archived from the original on 2012-09-07. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
  9. ^ a b Punyapriya Dasgupta (2000-08-12). "Derecognition of Western Sahara". Economic and Political Weekly. "The government of India has decided, suddenly without any explanation, to withdraw the recognition granted in 1985 to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"
  10. ^ a b . Sahara Press Service (in Spanish). 2018-08-03. Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
  11. ^ a b . Sahara Press Service (in Spanish). 2018-05-21. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
  12. ^ "Strong presence of foreign delegations in 45th anniversary of Sahrawi armed struggle outbreak". Sahara Press Service. 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
  13. ^ Virginia McLean Thompson; Virginia Thompson; Richard Adloff (1980). The Western Saharans: Background to Conflict. Croom Helm. p. 286. ISBN 0-7099-0369-3. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  14. ^ "Embajada de la RASD en Argelia" (in Spanish). Embajada de la RASD en Argelia. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
  15. ^ (in Portuguese). Portal da República de Angola. Archived from the original on 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
  16. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
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  18. ^ a b "El Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia fortalece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática". Bolivia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 16 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Cinco nuevos embajadores presentaron cartas credenciales". El Diario (in Spanish). 2011-03-25. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  20. ^ "Western Sahara: Bolivia Withdraws its Recognition of Polisario's Self-Styled SADR". Morocco World News. 21 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Sahrawi Republic and Botswana establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level". Sahara Press Service. 2018-08-06. Retrieved 2018-09-03.
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  23. ^ "Le Botswana désigne son 1er ambassadeur en République sahraouie" (in French). Algérie Presse Service.
  24. ^ "List of member states of the United Nations (193) having diplomatic relations with Cambodia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. November 25, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
  25. ^ "Colombia restablece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Saharaui". 11 August 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  26. ^ a b c "States which recognize the SADR". ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2009. Retrieved 2012-07-21.
  27. ^ "Saharauis piden a Colombia restablecer relaciones". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 2006-02-15. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
  28. ^ "Colombia restablece relaciones diplomáticas con la República Saharaui". infobae. 10 August 2022.
  29. ^ (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Cuba. 2010-01-05. Archived from the original on 2013-01-20. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  30. ^ . Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2011-01-13. Retrieved 2011-02-20. "Embajada de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática"
  31. ^ (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Cuba. Archived from the original on 2012-06-05. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  32. ^ "On the establishment of diplomatic relations between East Timor and the SADR". ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. Retrieved 2012-08-22.
  33. ^ "Fourth Committee Approves Five Consensus Texts Reaffirming Inalienable Right to Self-Determination and Independence". United Nations General Assembly. Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York. 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2012-03-23. Lisualdo Gaspar, Director of Bilateral Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Timor‑Leste: "In fact, he added, Timor‑Leste had accorded full diplomatic representation to the Embassy of the "Saharawi Republic" in its capital, Dili, in 2010"
  34. ^ "Saharauis abren embajada en Ecuador" (in Spanish). Aeronoticias. 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
  35. ^ . Sahara Press Service. 2015-10-05. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-10-05."...appointment of the Saharawi diplomat... as the first resident ambassador in Quito, Ecuador"
  36. ^ . Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-21. Archived from the original on 2016-01-16. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  37. ^ Government of Ethiopia. . Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  38. ^ . Ethioembassy.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  39. ^ "Six Ambassadors to Ghana present Credentials". Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2012-07-15. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  40. ^ . Sahara Press Service. 2011-09-09. Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  41. ^ . Sahara Press Service (in Spanish). 2013-06-06. Archived from the original on 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
  42. ^ "Comunicado conjunto" (in Spanish). Voz del Sahara Occidental en Argentina. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
  43. ^ . Sahrawi Press Service. 11 July 2005. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  44. ^ a b c . Sahara Press Service. 2014-02-06. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  45. ^ Ramadhan Rajab (2014-02-07). . The Star. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
  46. ^ "Statement by Ambassador Peter Katana Angore After Presentation of Letters of Credence to the President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic". Embassy of the Republic of Kenya. 2022-05-20. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  47. ^ Muniu Riunge (2007-02-25). "Kenya: Why Links with Sahrawi Were Shortlived". AllAfrica.com (The Standard). Retrieved 2012-03-14.
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External links edit

  • Sahara Press Service - public service of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

January 01, 1970
foreign, relations, sahrawi, arab, democratic, republic, foreign, relations, sahrawi, arab, democratic, republic, sadr, conducted, polisario, front, which, maintains, network, representation, offices, embassies, foreign, countries, sahrawi, arab, democratic, r. The foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR are conducted by the Polisario Front which maintains a network of representation offices and embassies in foreign countries The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR is the government in exile claiming sovereignty of the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara The Polisario Front the national liberation movement that administers the SADR currently controls the area that it calls the Liberated Territories a strip of Western Sahara territory east of the Moroccan Wall It also administers the Sahrawi refugee camps at Tindouf Algeria where its headquarters are It has conducted diplomatic relations with states and international organisations since its inception in 1973 In 1966 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 22 29 affirmed for the first time the Sahrawi right on self determination In 1979 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34 37 reaffirmed again the right of the Western Sahara people to self determination and independence recognising also the Polisario Front as the representative of the Western Sahara people Since the country is not widely recognised the government has asked Independent Diplomat to serve its interests 1 Contents 1 Recognition 2 Bilateral relations 2 1 Current diplomatic relations 2 2 Former diplomatic relations 3 Relations with international organisations 4 International treaties and conventions 5 Participation in international sports federations 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksRecognition editAs of September 2022 the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has been recognized by 84 UN member states Of these 38 have frozen or withdrawn recognition for a number of reasons Several states that do not recognise the Sahrawi Republic nonetheless recognize the Polisario Front as the legitimate representative of the population of the Western Sahara but not as the government in exile for a sovereign state citation needed The republic has been a full member of the African Union AU formerly the Organization of African Unity OAU since 1984 Morocco withdrew from the OAU in protest and remained the only African nation not within the AU between South Africa s admittance in 1994 and re joining the African Union in 2017 The SADR also participates as guest on meetings of the Non Aligned Movement 2 3 or the New Asian African Strategic Partnership 4 5 over Moroccan objections to SADR participation 6 On the other hand upholding Moroccan territorial integrity is favoured by the Arab League 7 8 Besides Algeria Mexico Iran Venezuela Vietnam Nigeria and South Africa India was the major middle power to have ever recognised SADR and maintained full diplomatic relations having allowed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open an embassy in New Delhi in 1985 However India withdrew its recognition in 2000 9 As with any fluid political situation diplomatic recognitions of either party s rights are subject to frequent and sometimes unannounced change Bilateral relations edit nbsp Memorandum of understanding between Ecuador and SADR in Quito July 2012 The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has since its proclamation established diplomatic relations with a number of states mainly in Africa and Latin America which have recognised its independence In connection with the freezing withdrawing and resuming of recognition similar changes have occurred at the level of diplomatic relations SADR has stable and developed relationships with states such as Algeria and South Africa The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is represented abroad by the Polisario Front which maintains a network of missions and embassies Some states that have recognised the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic have elevated the Polisario representation in their country to the status of SADR embassy The Polisario Front maintains also a network of representations on countries that do not recognized the SADR as a sovereign country mainly in Europe with some of them having relations with the host country governments Representation of foreign countries to the SADR is performed by embassies located abroad mainly in Algiers due to the Western Sahara conflict and the settlement of the Sahrawi refugee camps in south western Algeria Strong support of Sahrawi cause from some countries is demonstrated by foreign delegation s visits in Liberated Territories of Western Sahara note 1 note 2 Current diplomatic relations edit nbsp Current relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR SADR as claimed Diplomatic relations and recognition of SADR Recognition of SADR only A total of 36 states presently maintain diplomatic relations with the SADR Of these 28 have continuously maintained relations with SADR without any interruptions As of 6 August 2018 Botswana is the most recent nation to have formally established diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Eight states have frozen or canceled relations with the SADR in the past but later resumed them As of 20 September 2022 South Sudan is the most recent nation that reestablished diplomatic relations with SADR State Relations established Sahrawi mission Mission to Sahrawi Republic Notes 1 nbsp Algeria 6 March 1976 13 Embassy Algiers 14 AU Arab League OIC Algeria SADR relations 2 nbsp Angola Yes when Embassy Luanda 15 Embassy non resident Algiers AU 3 nbsp Belize 18 November 1986 16 Embassy non resident Managua 17 4 nbsp Bolivia 14 November 1982 18 Embassy non resident Caracas 19 Relations were suspended from 20 January 2020 20 to 16 September 2021 18 5 nbsp Botswana 6 August 2018 21 Embassy Gaborone 22 Embassy non resident Addis Ababa 23 AU 6 nbsp Cambodia 1980s 24 7 nbsp Colombia 27 February 1984 25 Relations were frozen from 20 December 2000 26 27 to 10 August 2022 28 8 nbsp Cuba 21 January 1980 29 Embassy Havana 30 Embassy non resident Algiers 31 Cuba SADR relations 9 nbsp East Timor 20 May 2002 32 Embassy Dili 33 East Timor SADR relations 10 nbsp Ecuador Yes when Embassy Quito 34 35 Embassy non resident New York City 36 11 nbsp Ethiopia Yes when Embassy Addis Ababa 37 Embassy non resident Rome 38 AU 12 nbsp Ghana Yes when Embassy Accra 39 40 Embassy non resident Algiers AU 13 nbsp Honduras 5 June 2013 41 42 14 nbsp Kenya 25 June 2005 43 Embassy Nairobi 44 45 Embassy non resident Algiers 46 AU Relations were frozen from 18 October 2006 47 to 6 February 2014 or shorter 44 Kenya SADR relations Further detailsOn 2 December 2013 Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya Justin Muturi announced the opening of SADR embassy in Nairobi soon 48 49 On 11 December 2013 Sahrawi president Mohamed Abdelaziz officially visited Kenya for Independence Day celebrations 50 51 On 6 February 2014 Sahrawi embassy was open 44 15 nbsp Laos 3 August 1987 52 Embassy non resident New Delhi 16 nbsp Lesotho Yes when Embassy non resident Pretoria Embassy non resident Kuwait City 53 AU 17 nbsp Mauritius 1983 54 when Embassy non resident Dar es Salaam 55 AU Relations are cancelled from 17 January 2014 56 to 23 November 2015 57 18 nbsp Mexico 24 September 1979 58 Embassy Mexico City 59 Embassy non resident New York City 60 Mexico SADR relations 19 nbsp Mozambique 26 September 1984 61 Embassy Maputo 62 AU OIC 20 nbsp Namibia 21 May 1991 63 Embassy non resident Luanda 64 Embassy non resident Algiers 10 AU 21 nbsp Nicaragua 10 March 1989 65 Embassy Managua 66 Embassy non resident New York City 67 Relations were frozen from 21 July 2000 to 12 January 2007 68 22 nbsp Nigeria 11 November 1984 69 Embassy Abuja 70 71 Embassy non resident Algiers 72 AU OIC Nigeria SADR relations 23 nbsp North Korea 16 March 1976 73 24 nbsp Panama 1 June 1979 74 Embassy Panama City 75 Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013 76 to 7 January 2016 77 Panama SADR relations 25 nbsp Rwanda Yes when Embassy non resident Kampala 78 AU 26 nbsp Sierra Leone Yes 79 when AU OIC 27 nbsp South Africa 15 September 2004 80 Embassy Pretoria 81 Embassy non resident Algiers 82 AU SADR South Africa relations 28 nbsp South Sudan 9 July 2011 83 Embassy non resident Addis Ababa 84 AU Relations were cancelled from 30 September 2018 85 to 20 September 2022 86 29 nbsp Tanzania Yes when Embassy Dar es Salaam AU 30 nbsp Uganda Yes when Embassy Kampala 87 Embassy non resident Tripoli 88 AU OIC 31 nbsp Uruguay 26 December 2005 89 Embassy Montevideo 90 32 nbsp Vanuatu 31 July 2008 91 Embassy non resident Dili 33 nbsp Venezuela December 1982 92 Embassy Caracas Embassy non resident Algiers 93 SADR Venezuela relations 34 nbsp Vietnam 2 March 1979 94 Embassy non resident Algiers 95 35 nbsp Zimbabwe 3 June 1980 96 Embassy Harare 97 98 99 Embassy non resident Algiers 11 AU Former diplomatic relations edit nbsp Former relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR SADR as claimed Diplomatic relations note 3 and recognition note 4 of SADR in the past Recognition note 4 of SADR in the past only A total of 16 states or more note 3 maintained official diplomatic relations with the SADR in the past Their relations with SADR are now suspended frozen or cancelled As of 12 March 2020 Liberia is the most recent nation to formally cancel diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic State Relations established Former Sahrawi mission note 5 note 6 Former mission to Sahrawi Republic note 5 Notes 1 nbsp Burundi Yes when AU Relations were frozen from 5 May 2006 to 16 June 2008 102 they are cancelled from 25 October 2010 103 104 2 nbsp Cape Verde 30 September 1980 105 AU Relations are frozen from 27 July 2007 106 107 3 nbsp Chad 4 July 1980 108 109 AU Relations are suspended from 17 March 2006 110 Further detailsOn 10 July 2007 Prime Minister of Chad Delwa Kassire Koumakoye received Sahrawi Foreign Minister Mohamed Salem Ould Salek According to the communique dated 17 July 2007 both parties decided to raise their diplomatic relations to ambassadorial level 20 July was published Chadian objection to ignore protocol in Alwihda article where was written about Prime Minister signature of relations agreement On the same place of Governmental web was published full text of comminique from 17 July 2007 It shows that Chadian objection to Alwihda article was mistakenly interpreted as a denial of diplomatic relations as such 109 On 11 August 2018 Sahrawi President expressed appreciation for the steadfast position of Chad in supporting the Sahrawi people s right to freedom and independence 111 In 2020 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chad reiterated that Chad has severed any relationship with SADR since 2006 112 4 nbsp Costa Rica Yes when Embassy non resident Panama City 113 Relations are frozen from 22 April 2000 113 114 115 5 nbsp El Salvador 1989 116 when Embassy non resident Managua 117 Embassy non resident New York City Relations were cancelled from April 1997 26 to 6 June 2009 or shorter 118 Relations are cancelled again from 15 June 2019 119 6 nbsp Guyana 28 September 2012 120 121 Embassy non resident Caracas 122 123 124 125 OIC Relations are cancelled from 14 November 2020 126 7 nbsp Guinea Bissau Yes when Embassy Bissau 26 AU OIC Relations are cancelled from 30 March 2010 127 8 nbsp Haiti 22 November 2006 128 Embassy Port au Prince Relations are cancelled from 2 October 2013 129 9 nbsp India 1985 130 Embassy New Delhi 131 Embassy non resident Algiers 132 Relations are cancelled from 26 June 2000 9 10 nbsp Liberia 30 October 2012 or before 133 Embassy non resident 133 where AU Relations were suspended after Liberia opened a consulate in Dakhla which is controlled by Morocco 134 11 nbsp Madagascar 29 January 1978 135 Embassy Antananarivo 131 AU Relations are frozen from 6 April 2005 136 137 12 nbsp Malawi 24 March 2002 138 139 Embassy non resident Nairobi 140 141 142 Embassy non resident Cairo 143 AU Relations were cancelled from 27 December 2002 144 to 1 February 2008 145 and from 16 September 2008 146 147 to 6 March 2014 or shorter 140 They are cancelled again from 5 May 2017 148 Further detailsIn the past Malawi had non resident embassy Cairo in the SADR 149 later this embassy was not accredited to Sahrawi Republic 150 On 15 February 2012 SADR minister in charge of Africa was received by foreign minister of Malawi 151 on 6 March 2014 SADR ambassador presented credentials to president of Malawi 140 In 2014 Malawi embassy in Cairo was accredited to the SADR again 143 13 nbsp Paraguay 9 February 2000 152 153 Embassy non resident Montevideo 154 Relations were frozen from 25 July 2000 to 12 August 2008 155 they are suspended from 3 January 2014 156 157 14 nbsp Peru 5 May 1987 158 Embassy Lima Relations were frozen from 9 September 1996 159 to 8 September 2021 160 Relations suspended in September 2023 again 161 Peru SADR relations 15 nbsp St Vincent and the Grenadines 14 February 2002 162 Embassy non resident Tindouf 163 164 Relations are frozen from 15 February 2013 165 16 nbsp Seychelles Yes when Embassy non resident Antananarivo 166 then Algiers 167 AU Relations are cancelled from 17 March 2008 168 17 nbsp Zambia Yes when Embassy non resident Dar es Salaam 169 170 AU Relations were cancelled from 29 March 2011 171 172 to 21 November 2012 173 Relations are cancelled again from 25 February 2017 174 Further detailsAccording to Zambian sources Foreign Minister Kabinga Pande received a bribe from Morocco for the MMD s 2011 election campaign and his personal re election campaign in exchange for the withdrawal of recognition of the SADR 175 In July 2012 it was published that the Michael Sata Government is in the process of recognising again the SADR as a sovereign state as well as restoring the diplomatic relations 176 177 Early 2020 Zambian opened a consulates general in Laayoune 178 Relations with international organisations editThe Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic holds either member or observer status in several international organisations It participates in the activities of organisations that have formalised its membership as well as in activities of other organizations as a guest participant The SADR is usually represented by a Government or national organisations such as the Sahrawi Trade Union International Organisation Status Representation Application date Admission date Notes African Union AU formerly Organization for African Unity member Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 23 June 1980 179 31 August 1981 180 SADR representative is Vice President of the Pan African Parliament PAP from May 2015 181 Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa member 182 183 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances member 184 Association of the Families of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared AFAPREDESA International Union of Socialist Youth IUSY member Sahrawi Youth Union UJSARIO UJSARIO representative was one of IUSY Vice Presidents for 2012 2014 185 Pan African Lawyers Union PALU member 186 187 Sahrawi Lawyers Union Women s International Democratic Federation WIDF member National Union of Sahrawi Women UNMS World Federation of Democratic Youth WFDY member 188 Sahrawi Youth Union World Federation of Trade Unions member Sahrawi Trade Union UGTSARIO 28 March 2000 189 Non member status African Union European Union Summit participant Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR participated in all AU EU Summits In 2017 SADR participated on 5th Summit in Abidjan Morocco s attempts to exclude SADR was thwarted 190 191 nbsp Andean Community of Nations observer note 7 Sahrawi National Council September 2011 192 26 October 2011 193 Central American Parliament PARLACEN participant note 8 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR participated in the opening conference of the PARLACEN July 2010 194 Ibero American Summit participant note 8 Polisario Front Polisario Front participated in 22nd Ibero American Summit in Cadiz November 2012 195 nbsp International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies observer 196 Sahrawi Red Crescent April 1977 197 New Asian African Strategic Partnership NAASP participant note 9 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR participated in first senior officials meeting of the NAASP in Durban September 2006 4 198 Non Aligned Movement NAM guest note 10 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR participated as guest in 16th Summit of NAM in Tehran August 2012 Permanent Conference of Political Parties of the Latin American and the Caribbean COPPPAL participant note 8 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR participated in COPPPAL meeting in Managua September 2006 199 SADR delegation participated in meeting of COPPPAL and ICAPP in Mexico City October 2012 200 nbsp Progressive Alliance participant 201 Polisario Front Socialist International consultative member Polisario Front 30 June 2008 202 Admitted as observer member Promoted to consultative member in 2017 203 International treaties and conventions editThe Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has signed a number of international treaties conventions protocols and charters negotiated in the context of the African Union SADR participates in protection of human rights common defense or trade liberalisation by signature of following agreements International treaty or convention Signature Ratification Notes African Charter on Democracy Elections and Governance 25 July 2010 204 27 November 2013 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights 10 April 1986 205 2 May 1986 African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 23 October 1992 206 African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration 1 July 2011 207 African Continental Free Trade Agreement 21 March 2018 208 A trade agreement between some African Union member states which will establish the African Continental Free Trade Area African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty Treaty of Pelindaba 20 June 2006 209 27 November 2013 AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption 25 July 2010 210 27 November 2013 AU Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa Kampala Convention 23 August 2009 211 27 November 2013 AU Non aggression and Common Defence Pact 21 May 2007 212 27 April 2009 Convention of the African Energy Commission 20 June 2006 213 9 May 2007 Geneva Conventions 23 June 2015 214 Polisario Front made a unilateral declaration under Article 93 3 of Protocol I to apply the four Conventions and Protocol I in the Western Sahara conflict with Morocco Polisario Front is not recognized as a party of Conventions but declaration was accepted by the depositary of Convenions Swiss Federal Council 215 216 OAU Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism 14 July 1999 217 9 January 2002 Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights 25 July 2010 218 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples Rights 25 July 2010 219 27 November 2013 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa 20 June 2006 220 Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community AEC Treaty 3 June 1991 221 25 August 1992 222 SADR signed to the AEC Treaty 223 but not participates in any of the AEC pillars Participation in international sports federations editIn 2015 the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic participated for the first time in the All Africa Games the biggest African multi sports event International Organisation Status Representation Application date Admission date Notes African Union Sports Council 224 member Sahrawi Ministry of Youth and Sports 225 In September 2015 Sahrawi Republic participated in the 11th All Africa Games 226 N F Board note 11 provisional member Sahrawi Football Federation December 2003 In 2012 a Sahrawi team participated for the first time in the Viva World Cup hosted by Iraqi Kurdistan CONIFA member Sahrawi Football Federation August 2016See also editInternational recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic List of diplomatic missions to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic List of diplomatic missions of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Political status of Western SaharaNotes edit While ambassadors usually presented credentials to Sahrawi President in Camp Rabuni in Algeria Cuban and Namibian ambassadors in March 2018 and Zimbabwean ambassador as third in May 2018 presented credentials to Sahrawi President in Liberated Territories of the SADR in Bir Lehlou or Tifariti 10 11 In May 2018 delegations represented by the ambassadors of Vietnam Ecuador Namibia Cuba and South Africa and diplomats from Ethiopia Uganda Angola and Nigeria attended the festivities commemorating the 45th anniversary of the outbreak of the Sahrawi armed struggle in Tifariti Liberated Territories 12 a b The number of States which maintained diplomatic relations with SADR in the past is likely to be more but for any relations with States that withdrew or froze recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources a b According to international law regarding recognition of states contained in article 6 of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States Recognition of a state simply means that the state recognizes it accepts the personality of the other with all the rights and duties determined by international law Recognition is unconditional and irrevocable Therefore once one state recognizes another as a fellow sovereign state this recognition cannot be revoked except when one or the other ceases to exist One can only revoke the recognition of a government for example by breaking off diplomatic relations not of the state itself 100 101 a b The number of former embassies which existed in the past is likely to be more but for any embassies to of states that withdrew or froze recognition of SADR many years ago we are missing sources The former embassies usually continue to work but as a unilateral Representative Offices without diplomatic privileges from the host country In the framework of the Andean Parliament a b c There is not a formal status of the SADR but here is the SADR official participation in the activities of this international organization NAASP does not have formalised membership it is open to States of Asia and Africa There is no permanent guest status but often several non member states are represented as guests at NAM conferences N F Board is defunct since January 2013 References edit Thomas Frear The foreign policy options of a small unrecognised state the case of Abkhazia in Caucasus Survey Vol 1 2014 No 2 pp 83 107 here p 97 DOI 10 1080 23761199 2014 11417293 NAM reiterates support to right of Saharawi people to determination Sahara Press Service 2012 08 30 Archived from the original on 2015 04 29 Retrieved 2012 09 27 Algeria praises NAM s continued support to struggle of Saharawi people for self determination Sahara Press Service 2012 09 02 Archived from the original on 2013 12 24 Retrieved 2012 09 27 a b South Africa ARSO Association de soutien a un referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental 2006 09 09 Retrieved 2012 09 27 South African Broadcasting Corporation 2006 09 01 Asia Afro partnership meeting kicked off today South African Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved 2006 09 01 South African Broadcasting Corporation 2006 09 02 Moroccan objections taint Asian Africa meeting South African Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on September 29 2007 Retrieved 2006 09 02 Arab League supports Morocco s territorial integrity Arabic News 1999 01 08 Archived from the original on 2012 09 07 Retrieved 2012 08 21 Arab League withdraws inaccurate Moroccan maps Arabic News 1998 12 17 Archived from the original on 2012 09 07 Retrieved 2012 08 21 a b Punyapriya Dasgupta 2000 08 12 Derecognition of Western Sahara Economic and Political Weekly The government of India has decided suddenly without any explanation to withdraw the recognition granted in 1985 to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic a b La embajadora de Namibia para la RASD presenta sus credenciales al Presidente de la Republica en TT LL Sahara Press Service in Spanish 2018 08 03 Archived from the original on 2021 02 26 Retrieved 2018 09 05 a b El Presidente de la Republica recibe en Tifariti las cartas credenciales del embajador de Zimbabwe Sahara Press Service in Spanish 2018 05 21 Archived from the original on 2021 03 05 Retrieved 2018 09 04 Strong presence of foreign delegations in 45th anniversary of Sahrawi armed struggle outbreak Sahara Press Service 2018 05 21 Retrieved 2018 11 11 Virginia McLean Thompson Virginia Thompson Richard Adloff 1980 The Western Saharans Background to Conflict Croom Helm p 286 ISBN 0 7099 0369 3 Retrieved 7 August 2011 Embajada de la RASD en Argelia in Spanish Embajada de la RASD en Argelia Retrieved 2012 11 14 Embaixadas em Angola Embaixada Sahara Democratica in Portuguese Portal da Republica de Angola Archived from the original on 2012 11 08 Retrieved 2012 11 14 Diplomatic Relations PDF Archived from the original PDF on 30 December 2017 Retrieved 30 December 2016 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Belize Archived from the original on 2012 06 30 Retrieved 2012 03 15 a b El Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia fortalece relaciones diplomaticas con la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica Bolivia s Ministry of Foreign Affairs 16 September 2021 Cinco nuevos embajadores presentaron cartas credenciales El Diario in Spanish 2011 03 25 Retrieved 2012 03 16 Western Sahara Bolivia Withdraws its Recognition of Polisario s Self Styled SADR Morocco World News 21 January 2020 Sahrawi Republic and Botswana establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level Sahara Press Service 2018 08 06 Retrieved 2018 09 03 Saharawi Ambassador presents letters of credentials to President of Botswana Sahara Press Service 2019 08 12 Retrieved 2022 09 19 The Sahrawi Republic opened a new Embassy in Botswana starting this June Le Botswana designe son 1er ambassadeur en Republique sahraouie in French Algerie Presse Service List of member states of the United Nations 193 having diplomatic relations with Cambodia Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation November 25 2019 Retrieved June 9 2022 Colombia restablece relaciones diplomaticas con la Republica Saharaui 11 August 2022 Retrieved 29 June 2023 a b c States which recognize the SADR ARSO Association de soutien a un referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental 2009 Retrieved 2012 07 21 Saharauis piden a Colombia restablecer relaciones El Tiempo in Spanish 2006 02 15 Retrieved 2015 11 28 Colombia restablece relaciones diplomaticas con la Republica Saharaui infobae 10 August 2022 Cuba y la RASD celebran 30 anos de relaciones diplomaticas in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Cuba 2010 01 05 Archived from the original on 2013 01 20 Retrieved 2012 03 17 Representaciones Diplomaticas y Consulares acreditadas en Cuba Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 2011 01 13 Retrieved 2011 02 20 Embajada de la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica Embajada de Cuba en Argelia concurrencias en Republica Saharaui Democratica Republica Islamica de Mauritania in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la Republica de Cuba Archived from the original on 2012 06 05 Retrieved 2012 03 16 On the establishment of diplomatic relations between East Timor and the SADR ARSO Association de soutien a un referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental Retrieved 2012 08 22 Fourth Committee Approves Five Consensus Texts Reaffirming Inalienable Right to Self Determination and Independence United Nations General Assembly Department of Public Information News and Media Division New York 2011 10 10 Retrieved 2012 03 23 Lisualdo Gaspar Director of Bilateral Affairs Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Timor Leste In fact he added Timor Leste had accorded full diplomatic representation to the Embassy of the Saharawi Republic in its capital Dili in 2010 Saharauis abren embajada en Ecuador in Spanish Aeronoticias 2015 09 29 Retrieved 2015 10 05 Peru COPESA calls for restoring diplomatic relations with SADR Sahara Press Service 2015 10 05 Archived from the original on 2015 10 06 Retrieved 2015 10 05 appointment of the Saharawi diplomat as the first resident ambassador in Quito Ecuador Ecuador appoints its UN permanent representative as ambassador to the Saharawi Republic Sahara Press Service 2011 09 21 Archived from the original on 2016 01 16 Retrieved 2012 03 16 Government of Ethiopia Embassy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 2008 09 07 Retrieved 2012 03 15 Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Rome Italy Ethioembassy org uk Archived from the original on 2006 09 25 Retrieved 2012 03 17 Six Ambassadors to Ghana present Credentials Ghana Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 2012 07 15 Retrieved 2012 03 17 Sahrawi Ambassador presents his credentials to Ghanaian President Sahara Press Service 2011 09 09 Archived from the original on 2011 09 11 Retrieved 2012 03 17 La RASD y Honduras deciden establecer relaciones diplomaticas Sahara Press Service in Spanish 2013 06 06 Archived from the original on 2014 04 16 Retrieved 2013 06 10 Comunicado conjunto in Spanish Voz del Sahara Occidental en Argentina Retrieved 2013 06 10 SADR and Zambia establish diplomatic relations Sahrawi Press Service 11 July 2005 Archived from the original on 13 October 2008 Retrieved 25 August 2013 a b c Opening of Saharawi embassy in Nairobi Sahara Press Service 2014 02 06 Archived from the original on 2014 02 22 Retrieved 2014 03 22 Ramadhan Rajab 2014 02 07 Sahrawi Republic opens embassy in Nairobi The Star Archived from the original on 2014 02 22 Retrieved 2014 02 09 Statement by Ambassador Peter Katana Angore After Presentation of Letters of Credence to the President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Embassy of the Republic of Kenya 2022 05 20 Retrieved 2022 09 19 Muniu Riunge 2007 02 25 Kenya Why Links with Sahrawi Were Shortlived AllAfrica com The Standard Retrieved 2012 03 14 Open an Embassy of the Sahrawi Republic soon in Kenya in Arabic Elkhabar 2013 12 02 Archived from the original on 2013 12 16 Retrieved 2013 12 12 Chairman of the Kenyan National Council affirms his country s support of the right of the Saharawi people to self determination in accordance with the UN resolutions in Arabic Algerie Presse Service 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2013 12 12 Saharawi President participates in the festivities immortalized the fiftieth anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Kenya in Arabic Algerie Presse Service 2013 12 11 Retrieved 2013 12 12 President of Republic begins visit to Kenya for Independence Day celebrations official Sahara Press Service 2013 12 11 Archived from the original on 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2013 12 12 List of states with whom Lao has set up diplomatic relation since 1950 Lao embassy in Hanoi Archived from the original on 2012 03 17 Retrieved 2012 03 15 Lesotho diplomatic missions Lesotho Embassy in Kuwait Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho in Ireland Retrieved 2020 01 29 The Diplomat Newsletter issue nº 7 PDF Republic of Mauritius Ministry of Foreign affairs Regional integration and International trade July 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 12 15 Retrieved 2012 02 15 Arvin Boolell Mauritius has consistently supported the right to self determination and independence of the people of Western Sahara and entertains close diplomatic relations with the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR since 1983 Diplomatic Corps Embassy of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Republic of Mauritius Ministry of Foreign Affairs Regional Integration and International Trade Archived from the original on 2011 11 14 Retrieved 2012 03 23 Republic of Mauritius withdraws its recognition of the so called SADR TopWireNews com 2014 01 20 Retrieved 2014 03 22 Mauritius re establishes diplomatic relations with SADR SADR Permanent Mission in Ethiopia and African Union 2015 11 23 Archived from the original on 2015 11 26 Retrieved 2015 11 25 Las Relaciones Mexico y la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica in Spanish Embajada de la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica en Mexico Archived from the original on 2012 03 06 Retrieved 2012 03 22 Representaciones Diplomaticas acreditada en Mexico Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica in Spanish Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores Mexico Retrieved 2012 03 22 Misiones de Mexico en el Exterior Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas O N U in Spanish Government of Mexico 2015 12 16 Archived from the original on 2016 01 05 Retrieved 2015 12 26 Enlace con Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica SPSC Letter Vol 1 Saharan Peoples Support Committee 1980 p 36 Government of Mozambique Missoes Diplomaticas em Mocambique com Residencia em Mocambique PDF in Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 17 Retrieved 2011 03 10 Embaixada do Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica Mushelenga Samuel Abraham Peyavali 2008 Foreign policy making in Namibia the dynamics of the smallness of a state PDF pp 254 259 Government of Namibia Embassies and High Commissions R S Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived from the original on 2011 07 04 Retrieved 2010 11 20 Saharawi Non Resident Embassy of the Arab Democratic Republic of Saharawi Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 2002 PDF in Spanish 2004 pp 657 667 Retrieved 21 July 2023 Cuerpo Diplomatico Residente en Nicaragua Embajada de la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica RASD in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Republica de Nicaragua Archived from the original on 2012 02 08 Retrieved 2012 03 17 Mexico Cuba y Nicaragua acreditan embajadores ante la RASD El Pais in Spanish 1981 03 03 Retrieved 2012 01 31 Nicaragua y la RASD establecen oficialmente relaciones diplomaticas in Spanish Um Draiga SPS 2007 01 12 Archived from the original on 2011 09 16 Retrieved 2012 02 16 Foreign Affairs Minister congratulates his Nigerian counterpart Sahara Press Service 2015 11 20 Archived from the original on 2016 02 01 Retrieved 2016 01 26 Nigeria committed to August 14 Bakassi handover President Yar Adua NigeriaFirst org Official Website of the State House Abuja 2008 07 25 Archived from the original on 2012 04 15 Retrieved 2012 03 23 Michael Odigbe 2011 10 09 Western Sahara Independence Will Come For Its Oppressed People Nigerian Observer Archived from the original on 2012 07 13 Retrieved 2012 03 23 Bidding farewell to outgoing Ambassador of Nigeria to SADR Sahara Press Service 2016 01 25 Archived from the original on 2016 01 26 Retrieved 2016 01 26 DPRK Diplomatic Relations PDF The National Committee On North Korea 2015 Retrieved 2015 11 28 Saharaui in Spanish Panama America 2010 03 17 Retrieved 2012 03 22 dead link Nuevos embajadores presentan Cartas Credenciales in Spanish Gobierno Nacional Republica de Panama 2009 06 04 Archived from the original on 2012 03 07 Retrieved 2012 03 22 Declaracion de suspension de relaciones diplomaticas con la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Panama 2013 11 20 Archived from the original on 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2013 11 22 Algeria Sahrawi Embassy in Panama Reopens AllAfrica 2016 01 07 Retrieved 2015 01 13 President Kagame receives credentials of six new Ambassadors Republic of Rwanda Office of the president 2011 12 06 Retrieved 2012 03 22 Special envoy brings President Koroma good message State house The Republic of Sierra Leone 2011 06 20 Retrieved 2012 03 22 Bilateral agreements signed by South Africa between 01 01 1994 until 15 04 2011 Department of International Relations and Cooperation Republic of South Africa Retrieved 2012 11 15 Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations Foreign Representatives in South Africa Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Embassy of the Saharawi Republic Department International Relations and Cooperation Republic of South Africa Retrieved 2012 03 23 Welcome to the Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Algiers SA Embassy in Algeria Archived from the original on 2012 10 07 Retrieved 2012 11 15 Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Algeria also accredited to the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Establishment of diplomatic relations between Republic of South Sudan and Saharawi Republic Sahara Press Service 2011 07 10 Archived from the original on 2012 04 15 Retrieved 2012 03 22 SADR takes part on eighth conference of the AU Population Commission Sahara Press Service 2011 09 17 Archived from the original on 2012 05 01 Retrieved 2012 03 22 South Sudan Denounces Western Sahara Independent State Taarifa Rwanda Sudan del Sur decide restablecer las relaciones con la RASD South Sudan decides to reestablish relations with SADR in Spanish Sahrawi Press Service 20 September 2022 Archived from the original on 3 February 2023 Retrieved 20 September 2022 Sahrawi Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Republic of Uganda Archived from the original on 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pacifica y negociada en el Sahara Occidental in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador 2010 11 29 Retrieved 2012 03 16 Presidente Sanchez Ceren recibe cartas credenciales de nuevos embajadores concurrentes para El Salvador in Spanish Government of El Salvador 2017 09 26 Archived from the original on 2018 11 11 Retrieved 2018 11 11 Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica con sede en Nicaragua lo hizo Sueilima Tieb Ahmed Salem President of Republic ends his visit to El Salvador Sahara Press Service 2009 06 06 Archived from the original on 2010 04 11 Retrieved 2012 09 23 Morocco wins Salvador s support on Sahara issue THE NORTH AFRICA POST Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to open mission here Guyana Times 2012 07 26 Archived from the original on August 5 2012 Retrieved 2012 08 08 Lehbib Breika presents credentials as SADR ambassador to Guyana Sahara Press Service 2013 12 12 Archived from the original on 2015 05 09 Retrieved 2013 12 12 Foreign Affairs highlights in 2013 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Statement Recognition of the SADR by the Government of St Vincent and The Grenadines ARSO Association de soutien a un referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental Retrieved 2012 11 15 Diplomatic missions accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines PDF Government of St Vincent and the Grenadines Archived from the original PDF on 2014 04 17 Retrieved 2014 04 16 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic C o Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Ambassadors High Commissioners Designate Government of St Vincent and the Grenadines 2014 Archived from the original on 2014 04 16 Retrieved 2014 04 16 Sahrawi Arab Republic H E Mr Abd Mohamed Yahia Ambassador Saint Vincent and the Grenadines freezes recognition of pseudo SADR Morocco World News 2013 02 15 Retrieved 2013 08 20 Boletin informativo Ano 2 Mayo 1997 Nº 9 Presentacion de Cartas Credenciales in Spanish ARSO Association de soutien a un referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental May 1997 Retrieved 2012 12 01 Diplomatic missions accredited to the Seychelles Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Seychelles Archived from the original on 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2012 12 01 Seychelles withdraws recognition for SADR AfrikNews 2008 03 18 Retrieved 2011 08 07 Western Sahara Sahrawi Ambassador Presents His Credentials to Zambian President AllAfrica com 2016 02 18 Retrieved 2016 02 20 Mr Brahim Salem Buseif presented Wednesday his credentials to President of the Republic of Zambia Mr Edgar Chagwa Lungu Western Sahara Establishment of Tanzanian Saharawi Solidarity Committee TASSC AllAfrica com 2015 07 27 Retrieved 2016 02 20 SADR embassy in Dar es Salaam Saharawi Ambassador Brahim Salem Buseif Zambia withdraws recognition of Sahrawi Republic Middle East Online 2011 04 03 Archived from the original on 2017 10 28 Retrieved 2011 08 07 Zambia withdraws recognition of so called SADR Maroc ma Gouvernement Du Royaume Du Maroc Archived from the original on 2013 02 19 Retrieved 2012 08 25 Zambia reafirma su apoyo al pueblo saharaui y a las relaciones con RASD Sahara Press Service in Spanish 2012 11 21 Archived from the original on 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2012 11 27 Zambia has reiterated its decision to withdraw its recognition of the self proclaimed Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic Moroccoworldnews Was Zambia bribed to withdraw recognition of Sahrawi republic Zambian Watchdog 2011 08 23 Retrieved 2012 08 20 Ernest Chanda 2012 07 07 Government to recognise Sahrawi Zambia Post Retrieved 2012 11 15 dead link Government to recognise Sahrawi Zambia Online 2012 07 07 Retrieved 2012 11 15 Zambia Eswatini open consulates general in Laayoune Morocco Apanews Aguirre Diego Ramon Jose 1991 Guerra en el Sahara p 242 ISBN 84 7090 252 0 On June 23 the Sahrawi Republic had applied for its admission to the O U A as because of the successive recognitions of African countries 26 of 50 members recognized the S A D R and were favorable to the admission in accordance to article 28 of the O U A Charter that demanded a simple majority Aguirre Diego Ramon Jose 1991 Guerra en el Sahara p 247 ISBN 84 7090 252 0 on August 31 General Secretary Edem Kodjo had communicated the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic government their admission to the Organization for the African Unity as member nº 51 according to article 28 of the O A U Charter as 26 states supported the S A D R representing a simple majority over 50 so it was then a mere administrative proceeding competence of the General Secretary PAP Elects New Second Vice President PDF Pan African Parliament 2013 05 13 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 11 13 Retrieved 2013 05 27 Members Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa CISSA 20 March 2015 Retrieved 2015 07 01 Sahrawi Republic attends the Twelfth Conference of African security services and intelligence Sahara Press Service 2015 06 10 Archived from the original on 2015 07 01 Retrieved 2015 07 01 members of ICAED International Coalition against Enforced Disappearances Retrieved 2016 01 23 New IUSY Presidium 2012 2014 IUSY Archived from the original on 2013 09 26 Retrieved 2012 04 25 Saharawi Lawyers Union takes part in Pan African Lawyers Union Triennial General Assembly and Conference in Yaounde Sahara Press Service 2014 06 08 Archived from the original on 2014 07 14 Retrieved 2014 06 11 Pan African Lawyers Union affirms support for Sahrawi people s right to self determination Sahara Press Service 2014 06 10 Archived from the original on 2014 07 14 Retrieved 2014 06 11 African Member Organizations World Federation of Democratic Youth 2015 Archived from the original on 2015 01 28 Retrieved 2015 01 25 Report on the World Trade Union situation and WFTU activities since the 14th congress World Federation of Trade Unions 2005 12 01 Retrieved 2012 11 15 New affiliations with the WFTU No 12 Western Sahara UGTSARIO SADR partakes without any complex in AU EU Summit Sahara Press Service 2017 11 30 Retrieved 2017 10 12 5th AU EU Summit SADR s participation victory for Sahrawi people Sahara Press Service 2017 12 01 Retrieved 2017 10 12 Venezuela es invitada por el Parlamento Andino a volver a la Comunidad Andina in Spanish Parlamento Andino 2011 10 14 Archived from the original on 2011 12 16 Retrieved 2012 03 10 Saharawi National Council granted observer membership in the Andino Parliament Sahara Press Service 2011 10 29 Archived from the original on 2015 05 09 Retrieved 2012 03 10 Saharawi Ambassador to Nicaragua participates in meetings of PARLACEN Sahara Press Service 2010 07 01 Retrieved 2010 07 02 dead link Polisario Front calls on Ibero American states to help settling Western Sahara conflict Sahara Press Service 2012 11 17 Archived from the original on 2015 05 09 Retrieved 2012 12 10 Building a life in the desert PDF Refugee Participation Network Refugee Studies Program February 1990 pp 18 21 Archived from the original PDF on 2010 05 18 Retrieved 2012 11 16 The Sahrawi Red Crescent has observer status with the League of Red Cross Societies and is the formal channel for all external assistance to the Sahrawi people full membership is precluded until SADR has gained membership of the United Nations Aguirre Diego Ramon Jose 1991 Guerra en el Sahara p 176 ISBN 84 7090 252 0 in April the Sahrawi Red Crescent obtained the status of observer at the IX Congress of the Arab Red Crescent analog to the International Red Cross what supposed also the boycott of this reunion by Morocco Asia Afro partnership meeting held in Durban IOL news 2006 09 01 Retrieved 2010 12 11 Latin America ARSO Association de soutien a un referendum libre et regulier au Sahara Occidental September 2006 Retrieved 2012 12 10 Saharawi Representation to Mexico attends COPPPAL ICAPP meeting Sahara Press Service 2012 10 15 Archived from the original on 2013 12 24 Retrieved 2012 12 10 Participants Progressive Alliance Archived from the original on 2015 03 02 Retrieved 2014 12 08 Socialist International makes Polisario observer The Daily Star Agence France Presse 2008 07 03 Archived from the original on 2013 06 21 Retrieved 2012 11 16 Polisario Front becomes consultative member of Socialist International association Sahara Press Service 2017 03 04 Retrieved 2018 11 11 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the African Charter on Democracy Elections and Governance PDF African Union 2017 06 17 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 12 02 Retrieved 2017 12 02 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the African charter on human and people s rights PDF African Union 2010 02 04 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 05 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child PDF African Union 2010 03 01 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration PDF African Union 2017 06 15 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 12 02 Retrieved 2017 12 02 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area PDF African Union 2018 08 08 Archived from the original PDF on 2018 11 11 Retrieved 2018 11 11 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the African nuclear weapon free zone treaty PDF African Union 2010 08 27 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the African Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption PDF African Union 2010 08 06 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 02 21 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the AU Convention for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons in Africa PDF African Union 2010 08 06 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the AU Non aggression and common defence pact PDF African Union 2010 03 28 Archived from the original PDF on 2015 09 23 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the Convention of the African Energy Commission PDF African Union 2010 02 03 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 Polisario Front becomes party to Geneva Conventions launches solemn appeal to companies operating in Western Sahara Sahara Press Service 2015 06 28 Archived from the original on 2015 07 03 Retrieved 2015 07 02 Unilateral declaration pursuant to Article 96 paragraph 3 of Protocol I PDF Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2015 06 30 Autorite ayant fait la declaration unilaterale prevue a l article 96 paragraphe 3 PDF Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland Retrieved 2015 06 30 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the OAU Convention on the prevention and combating of terrorism PDF African Union 2010 02 03 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights PDF African Union 2010 06 15 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 12 02 Retrieved 2017 02 12 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples Rights PDF African Union 2010 08 06 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa PDF African Union 2010 07 22 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 14 Retrieved 2014 04 17 Treaty establishing the African Economic Community PDF World Bank Retrieved 2014 04 17 List of countries which have signed ratified acceded to the Treaty establishing the African Economic Community PDF African Union 2010 02 04 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 09 09 Retrieved 2014 04 17 Global Preferential Trade Agreements Database World Bank 2010 Retrieved 2014 04 17 11th All Africa Games Association of National Olympic Committees 2015 03 31 Archived from the original on 2015 07 08 Retrieved 2015 07 07 SADR participates in preparatory meeting of African Games in 2015 Sahrawi Press Service 2015 03 01 Archived from the original on 2015 07 07 Retrieved 2015 07 07 Historical participation of Western Sahara in Africa Games Equipe Media 2015 01 20 Retrieved 2015 07 07 External links editSahara Press Service public service of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic amp oldid 1220625639, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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