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Peru–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

April 13, 2024

Peru–Sahrawi Republic relations refers to the current and historical relations between the Republic of Peru and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

Peru-Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Peru
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Peru first established relations with the SADR in 1987[1] and froze them in 1996.[2] After 25 years, relations were reestablished in 2021,[3] suspended in August 2022[4] and again reestablished on September of the same year.[5] In September 2023, it was announced that relations between both states were again suspended.[6][7]

In 1999, and from 2012 to the present day, Peru has also sent troops to the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara.[8]

History edit

Peru first recognized the SADR through a treaty signed on August 16, 1984, under the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde.[9] Relations were then officially established on May 5, 1987, under the first presidency of Alan García,[1] with another treaty being signed by Peruvian Foreign Minister Allan Wagner Tizón and Sahrawi Special Envoy Hamri Bouiha,[10] who became the first concurrent ambassador to Peru, presenting his credentials to García.[11] Then Sahrawi foreign minister Omar Mansour paid a visit to the country from April 14 to 18 of the same year.[12][13]

Despite the recognition, relations between Morocco and Peru were not negatively affected, as relations were not severed and the Peruvian embassy in Madrid continued to be accredited to the North African country. Instead, the Peruvian embassy in Rabat, which had been de facto closed since 1973 due to a lack of a chargé d'affaires, reopened in 1986, with both countries strengthening their relations.[14]

The next ambassador accredited to Peru, Hambi B. Sidi Mahmud, presented his credentials to García on April 28, 1988, during a visit coordinated by Alfonso Barrantes.[15][16] The visit was criticised by members of the press who believed that the strengthening of both governments' relations harmed the much more convenient relationship with Morocco, which controls most of the territory claimed by the SADR.[16]

On September 9, 1996, then foreign minister Francisco Tudela announced the freezing of relations between Peru and the SADR,[17] with Peru becoming the first Latin American country to sever relations with the state. This was due to Morocco's diplomatic efforts in Peru and then Alberto Fujimori's pro-Moroccan policy. A diplomatic incident also played a role in the decision, as the Moroccan delegation protested the presence of the Sahrawi delegation in the investiture of Fujimori after his victory in the 1995 election.[2]

After relations were suspended, the only government to take an interest in the situation in Western Sahara was the government of Ollanta Humala, who sent a delegation headed by diplomat José Beraun Aranibar to the territories administered by the Polisario Front and Smara refugee camp in Tindouf, Algeria. The delegation met with Sahrawi authorities, including then president Mohamed Abdelaziz.[18]

A diplomatic incident between the governments of Peru and the SADR took place in September 2017 when Sahrawi diplomat Khadijetou El Mokhtar was denied entry into Peru, remaining at Jorge Chávez International Airport for seventeen days. A communiqué released by the Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed that El Mohtar, despite travelling as a tourist with a Spanish passport, had acted as a diplomat in Peruvian territory—despite not having the recognition to exercise such functions—in her last visit to the country.[19][20] A social media campaign, #TodosSomosJadiyetu, was started by Munbadat, a pro-human rights NGO, which was spread by the Sahrawi diaspora as well as sympathizers. The NGO also wrote a letter to the Peruvian consulate in Bilbao protesting the situation.[21]

After 25 years, relations were resumed on September 8, 2021, under the presidency of Pedro Castillo.[22] After a year, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru announced that it decided to withdraw its recognition of the state on August 18, 2022,[23] but this was disputed by Castillo, who confirmed the recognition of the state on September 8, 2022.[5][24] Castillo subsequently met with Foreign Affairs Minister Mohamed Salem Uld Salek and speculated on the prospect of opening an embassy in Peru.[25]

In September 2023, it was announced that relations between both states were again suspended.[6][7][26]

High-level visits edit

High-level visits of Peru to the SADR (includes refugee camps in Algeria)

  • Foreign Vice Minister José Beraún Aranibar (2011)

High-level visits of the SADR to Peru

Diplomatic missions edit

Formerly accredited from Caracas, the SADR had an embassy in Lima[31] from November 2022 to September 2023. On the other hand, Peru did not have an embassy accredited to the SADR at any point in time.

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Relations of Peru and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre el Perú y la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
  2. ^ a b Avilés 2019, p. 54–55.
  3. ^ "Relaciones con la República Árabe Saharaui se hizo con pleno respeto al derecho internacional". El Peruano. 2021-09-13.
  4. ^ Kahhat, Farid (2022-09-04). "El Perú y el Sahara Occidental". El Comercio.
  5. ^ a b "República Saharaui destaca "renovación" de relaciones diplomáticas con Perú". swissinfo.ch. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Perú suspende relaciones diplomáticas con República Árabe Saharaui Democrática". Infobae. 2023-09-08.
  7. ^ a b Campos R., César (2023-09-10). "Ruptura de relaciones diplomáticas". Blog PUCP.
  8. ^ "Misiones de Paz". Gob.pe. Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas.
  9. ^ Avilés 2019, p. 49–50.
  10. ^ Avilés 2019, p. 50.
  11. ^ . Sahara Press Service. 2015-10-05. Archived from the original on 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
  12. ^ Cronología de las relaciones internacionales del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Centro Peruano de Estudios Internacionales. 1988. p. 22. 14 de Abril: El Canciller de la República Saharaui, Omar Mansur, llegó a Lima en busca de apoyo político a la causa de su país, que desde 1975 confronta una guerra con Marruecos. Mansur expresó su agradecimiento por el apoyo que el gobierno peruano ha brindado a dicha causa. (El Peruano - Andina)
  13. ^ "NEWS FROM THE SAHRAWI ARAB DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC" (PDF). SPSC LETTER. Vol. 8, no. 4. Saharan Peoples Support Committee. 1988. p. 2. ISSN 0891-608X. SADR Foreign Minister Omar Mansour paid an official visit to Peru April 14–18 according to Andina Press. During his visit Mansour met with Peruvian Foreign Minister Allan Wagner Tizon. Hamri Bouiha was installed as SADR Ambassador to Peru during Mansour's visit.
  14. ^ Avilés 2019, p. 53.
  15. ^ Cronología de las relaciones internacionales del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Centro Peruano de Estudios Internacionales. 1988. p. 22. 28 de Abril: El Presidente peruano Alan García recibió las credenciales del nuevo Embajador de la República Árabe Saharaui en el Perú, Hambi B. Sidi Mahmud. (El Comercio, El Peruano)
  16. ^ a b "Cuadrilátero Político Barrantes sigue de canciller". Oiga: 28. 1988. Una nueva prueba, por si faltaran, del cada vez más estrecho entendimiento ideológico y político entre Alan García y Alfonso Barrantes Lingán con miras al frente popular moscovita-habanero-barrantista-alanista: en la práctica, el ex alcalde cajamarquino se ha convertido en ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y ya no en la sombra. Cuando el vicepresidente cubano asistió a Palacio el sábado antepasado, lo agasajaron Alan García y Barrantes. Y mientras los diplomáticos de Torre Tagle estaban en la luna sobre el estrechamiento de relaciones entre el Perú y la fantasmal República Saharauí, Barrantes, tras bambalinas, coordinaba la venida a Lima del "embajador concurrente" de la inexistente república , Hambi B. Sidi Mahmud. Mahmud presentó sus cartas credenciales al presidente García el jueves, en el Salón Dorado del Palacio de Gobierno. En un ditirámbico discurso, el representante de los fantasmales sarahauis relevó el "liderazgo tercermundista" de Alan García. La ceremonia terminó con abrazos y grandes sonrisas. Mientras esto ocurre en Lima, en la ONU se ha anunciado la realización de un referéndum sobre el asunto. El APRA, en cambio, ya tomó partido, dando una poco diplomática bofetada al gobierno de Marruecos, que no tiene nada de fantasma.
  17. ^ Ricardo Sánchez Serra (11 December 2008). "El estoicismo del pueblo saharaui". La Razón (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  18. ^ Avilés 2019, p. 144.
  19. ^ Avilés 2019, p. 144–145.
  20. ^ "Dan bienvenida a nueva embajadora saharaui en Misión Especial en el Perú". Sahara Press Service. 2017-07-14.
  21. ^ Avilés 2019, p. 145.
  22. ^ "Restablecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con la RASD". gob.pe. Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  23. ^ "Comunicado Oficial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores". Gobierno del Perú (in Spanish). 19 Aug 2022. Retrieved 19 Aug 2022.
  24. ^ "Comunicado Oficial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores". gob.pe (in Spanish). Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  25. ^ "Peru's President reaffirms reestablishment of relations with SADR". Andina. 2022-09-23. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  26. ^ "Sáhara Occidental.- Boluarte suspende relaciones diplomáticas de Perú con la RASD". ECSaharaui. 2023-09-09.
  27. ^ "SEGUNDA LEGISLATURA ORDINARIA DE 2011" (PDF). Congress of Peru. 2012-05-07. p. 17.
  28. ^ (in Spanish). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Perú. 2011-08-26. Archived from the original on 2012-04-05. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  29. ^ "Peru's Congress president meets with Sahrawi delegation in Lima". Andina. 2013-10-11.
  30. ^ "Congresistas Marisa Glave, Alberto de Belaunde y Mauricio Mulder, junto con el embajador de la República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (RASD), Ahmed Mulay Ali". Sistema de Archivo Fotográfico - Congreso de la República. 2016-08-29.
  31. ^ Embajada Saharaui en México [@EmbSaharauiMx] (May 17, 2023). (Tweet) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2023-07-29 – via Twitter.

Bibliography edit

  • Avilés Flores, Fiorella Kristell (2019-11-04). (PDF) (Thesis) (in Spanish). Academia Diplomática Javier Pérez de Cuellar.

April 13, 2024
peru, sahrawi, arab, democratic, republic, relations, peru, sahrawi, republic, relations, refers, current, historical, relations, between, republic, peru, sahrawi, arab, democratic, republic, sadr, peru, sahrawi, arab, democratic, republic, relationsperu, sahr. Peru Sahrawi Republic relations refers to the current and historical relations between the Republic of Peru and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR Peru Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relationsPeru Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicPeru first established relations with the SADR in 1987 1 and froze them in 1996 2 After 25 years relations were reestablished in 2021 3 suspended in August 2022 4 and again reestablished on September of the same year 5 In September 2023 it was announced that relations between both states were again suspended 6 7 In 1999 and from 2012 to the present day Peru has also sent troops to the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara 8 Contents 1 History 2 High level visits 3 Diplomatic missions 4 See also 5 References 6 BibliographyHistory editPeru first recognized the SADR through a treaty signed on August 16 1984 under the presidency of Fernando Belaunde 9 Relations were then officially established on May 5 1987 under the first presidency of Alan Garcia 1 with another treaty being signed by Peruvian Foreign Minister Allan Wagner Tizon and Sahrawi Special Envoy Hamri Bouiha 10 who became the first concurrent ambassador to Peru presenting his credentials to Garcia 11 Then Sahrawi foreign minister Omar Mansour paid a visit to the country from April 14 to 18 of the same year 12 13 Despite the recognition relations between Morocco and Peru were not negatively affected as relations were not severed and the Peruvian embassy in Madrid continued to be accredited to the North African country Instead the Peruvian embassy in Rabat which had been de facto closed since 1973 due to a lack of a charge d affaires reopened in 1986 with both countries strengthening their relations 14 The next ambassador accredited to Peru Hambi B Sidi Mahmud presented his credentials to Garcia on April 28 1988 during a visit coordinated by Alfonso Barrantes 15 16 The visit was criticised by members of the press who believed that the strengthening of both governments relations harmed the much more convenient relationship with Morocco which controls most of the territory claimed by the SADR 16 On September 9 1996 then foreign minister Francisco Tudela announced the freezing of relations between Peru and the SADR 17 with Peru becoming the first Latin American country to sever relations with the state This was due to Morocco s diplomatic efforts in Peru and then Alberto Fujimori s pro Moroccan policy A diplomatic incident also played a role in the decision as the Moroccan delegation protested the presence of the Sahrawi delegation in the investiture of Fujimori after his victory in the 1995 election 2 After relations were suspended the only government to take an interest in the situation in Western Sahara was the government of Ollanta Humala who sent a delegation headed by diplomat Jose Beraun Aranibar to the territories administered by the Polisario Front and Smara refugee camp in Tindouf Algeria The delegation met with Sahrawi authorities including then president Mohamed Abdelaziz 18 A diplomatic incident between the governments of Peru and the SADR took place in September 2017 when Sahrawi diplomat Khadijetou El Mokhtar was denied entry into Peru remaining at Jorge Chavez International Airport for seventeen days A communique released by the Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed that El Mohtar despite travelling as a tourist with a Spanish passport had acted as a diplomat in Peruvian territory despite not having the recognition to exercise such functions in her last visit to the country 19 20 A social media campaign TodosSomosJadiyetu was started by Munbadat a pro human rights NGO which was spread by the Sahrawi diaspora as well as sympathizers The NGO also wrote a letter to the Peruvian consulate in Bilbao protesting the situation 21 After 25 years relations were resumed on September 8 2021 under the presidency of Pedro Castillo 22 After a year the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru announced that it decided to withdraw its recognition of the state on August 18 2022 23 but this was disputed by Castillo who confirmed the recognition of the state on September 8 2022 5 24 Castillo subsequently met with Foreign Affairs Minister Mohamed Salem Uld Salek and speculated on the prospect of opening an embassy in Peru 25 In September 2023 it was announced that relations between both states were again suspended 6 7 26 High level visits editHigh level visits of Peru to the SADR includes refugee camps in Algeria Foreign Vice Minister Jose Beraun Aranibar 2011 High level visits of the SADR to Peru Foreign Minister Omar Mansour 1987 Minister Ahmed Hutch 2011 27 28 amp 2013 29 Ambassador Ahmed Mulay Ali Hamadi 2016 30 Foreign Minister Mohamed Salem Uld Salek 2022 Diplomatic missions editFormerly accredited from Caracas the SADR had an embassy in Lima 31 from November 2022 to September 2023 On the other hand Peru did not have an embassy accredited to the SADR at any point in time See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Relations of Peru and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Foreign relations of Peru Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic List of ambassadors of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic to Peru Western Sahara conflict International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicReferences edit a b Establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas entre el Peru y la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Peru Archived from the original on September 8 2012 Retrieved 2012 04 24 a b Aviles 2019 p 54 55 Relaciones con la Republica Arabe Saharaui se hizo con pleno respeto al derecho internacional El Peruano 2021 09 13 Kahhat Farid 2022 09 04 El Peru y el Sahara Occidental El Comercio a b Republica Saharaui destaca renovacion de relaciones diplomaticas con Peru swissinfo ch 9 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 a b Peru suspende relaciones diplomaticas con Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica Infobae 2023 09 08 a b Campos R Cesar 2023 09 10 Ruptura de relaciones diplomaticas Blog PUCP Misiones de Paz Gob pe Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas Aviles 2019 p 49 50 Aviles 2019 p 50 Peru COPESA calls for restoring diplomatic relations with SADR Sahara Press Service 2015 10 05 Archived from the original on 2015 10 06 Retrieved 2015 10 05 Cronologia de las relaciones internacionales del Peru in Spanish Vol 2 Centro Peruano de Estudios Internacionales 1988 p 22 14 de Abril El Canciller de la Republica Saharaui Omar Mansur llego a Lima en busca de apoyo politico a la causa de su pais que desde 1975 confronta una guerra con Marruecos Mansur expreso su agradecimiento por el apoyo que el gobierno peruano ha brindado a dicha causa El Peruano Andina NEWS FROM THE SAHRAWI ARAB DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC PDF SPSC LETTER Vol 8 no 4 Saharan Peoples Support Committee 1988 p 2 ISSN 0891 608X SADR Foreign Minister Omar Mansour paid an official visit to Peru April 14 18 according to Andina Press During his visit Mansour met with Peruvian Foreign Minister Allan Wagner Tizon Hamri Bouiha was installed as SADR Ambassador to Peru during Mansour s visit Aviles 2019 p 53 Cronologia de las relaciones internacionales del Peru in Spanish Vol 2 Centro Peruano de Estudios Internacionales 1988 p 22 28 de Abril El Presidente peruano Alan Garcia recibio las credenciales del nuevo Embajador de la Republica Arabe Saharaui en el Peru Hambi B Sidi Mahmud El Comercio El Peruano a b Cuadrilatero Politico Barrantes sigue de canciller Oiga 28 1988 Una nueva prueba por si faltaran del cada vez mas estrecho entendimiento ideologico y politico entre Alan Garcia y Alfonso Barrantes Lingan con miras al frente popular moscovita habanero barrantista alanista en la practica el ex alcalde cajamarquino se ha convertido en ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y ya no en la sombra Cuando el vicepresidente cubano asistio a Palacio el sabado antepasado lo agasajaron Alan Garcia y Barrantes Y mientras los diplomaticos de Torre Tagle estaban en la luna sobre el estrechamiento de relaciones entre el Peru y la fantasmal Republica Saharaui Barrantes tras bambalinas coordinaba la venida a Lima del embajador concurrente de la inexistente republica Hambi B Sidi Mahmud Mahmud presento sus cartas credenciales al presidente Garcia el jueves en el Salon Dorado del Palacio de Gobierno En un ditirambico discurso el representante de los fantasmales sarahauis relevo el liderazgo tercermundista de Alan Garcia La ceremonia termino con abrazos y grandes sonrisas Mientras esto ocurre en Lima en la ONU se ha anunciado la realizacion de un referendum sobre el asunto El APRA en cambio ya tomo partido dando una poco diplomatica bofetada al gobierno de Marruecos que no tiene nada de fantasma Ricardo Sanchez Serra 11 December 2008 El estoicismo del pueblo saharaui La Razon in Spanish Retrieved 22 August 2012 Aviles 2019 p 144 Aviles 2019 p 144 145 Dan bienvenida a nueva embajadora saharaui en Mision Especial en el Peru Sahara Press Service 2017 07 14 Aviles 2019 p 145 Restablecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas con la RASD gob pe Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs September 8 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 Comunicado Oficial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Gobierno del Peru in Spanish 19 Aug 2022 Retrieved 19 Aug 2022 Comunicado Oficial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores gob pe in Spanish Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 15 September 2022 Retrieved 16 September 2022 Peru s President reaffirms reestablishment of relations with SADR Andina 2022 09 23 Retrieved 2023 07 28 Sahara Occidental Boluarte suspende relaciones diplomaticas de Peru con la RASD ECSaharaui 2023 09 09 SEGUNDA LEGISLATURA ORDINARIA DE 2011 PDF Congress of Peru 2012 05 07 p 17 Agenda del ministro in Spanish Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Peru 2011 08 26 Archived from the original on 2012 04 05 Retrieved 2011 10 09 Peru s Congress president meets with Sahrawi delegation in Lima Andina 2013 10 11 Congresistas Marisa Glave Alberto de Belaunde y Mauricio Mulder junto con el embajador de la Republica Arabe Saharaui Democratica RASD Ahmed Mulay Ali Sistema de Archivo Fotografico Congreso de la Republica 2016 08 29 Embajada Saharaui en Mexico EmbSaharauiMx May 17 2023 Les compartimos el Boletin de Noticias de la Embajada denla RASD en el Peru MojtarLebuehi Tweet in Spanish Archived from the original on 2023 07 29 Retrieved 2023 07 29 via Twitter Bibliography editAviles Flores Fiorella Kristell 2019 11 04 EL RECONOCIMIENTO DEL PERU A LA RASD Y LA POSICIoN DEL PERU SOBRE EL CONFLICTO EN EL SAHARA OCCIDENTAL 35 ANOS DESPUES PDF Thesis in Spanish Academia Diplomatica Javier Perez de Cuellar Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peru Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations amp oldid 1191968264, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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