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Federal Art Project

May 04, 2023

The Federal Art Project (1935–1943) was a New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States. Under national director Holger Cahill, it was one of five Federal Project Number One projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the largest of the New Deal art projects. It was created not as a cultural activity, but as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photography, theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts. The WPA Federal Art Project established more than 100 community art centers throughout the country, researched and documented American design, commissioned a significant body of public art without restriction to content or subject matter, and sustained some 10,000 artists and craft workers during the Great Depression. According to American Heritage, “Something like 400,000 easel paintings, murals, prints, posters, and renderings were produced by WPA artists during the eight years of the project’s existence, virtually free of government pressure to control subject matter, interpretation, or style.”[1]

Federal Art Project
Eagle and palette design regarded as the logo of the Federal Art Project
Agency overview
Formed29 August 1935 (1935-08-29)
Dissolved1943 (1943)
JurisdictionUnited States
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
Agency executive
Parent departmentWorks Progress Administration (WPA)

Background

See also: Works Progress Administration and Federal Project Number One
 
Poster summarizing Federal Art Project employment and activities (November 1, 1936)
 
The Workers (c. 1935), a wall hanging created by Florence Kawa for the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, was presented to Eleanor Roosevelt[2]: 164 

The Federal Art Project was the visual arts arm of Federal Project Number One, a program of the Works Progress Administration, which was intended to provide employment for struggling artists during the Great Depression. Funded under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, it operated from August 29, 1935, until June 30, 1943. It was created as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals, easel paintings, sculpture, graphic art, posters, photographs, Index of American Design documentation, museum and theatre scenic design, and arts and crafts. The Federal Art Project operated community art centers throughout the country where craft workers and artists worked, exhibited, and educated others.[3] The project created more than 200,000 separate works, some of them remaining among the most significant pieces of public art in the country.[4]

The Federal Art Project's primary goals were to employ out-of-work artists and to provide art for nonfederal municipal buildings and public spaces. Artists were paid $23.60 a week; tax-supported institutions such as schools, hospitals, and public buildings paid only for materials.[5] The work was divided into art production, art instruction, and art research. The primary output of the art-research group was the Index of American Design, a mammoth and comprehensive study of American material culture.

As many as 10,000 artists were commissioned to produce work for the WPA Federal Art Project,[6] the largest of the New Deal art projects. Three comparable but distinctly separate New Deal art projects were administered by the United States Department of the Treasury: the Public Works of Art Project (1933–1934), the Section of Painting and Sculpture (1934–1943), and the Treasury Relief Art Project (1935–1938).[7]

The WPA program made no distinction between representational and nonrepresentational art. Abstraction had not yet gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s, so was virtually unsalable. As a result, the Federal Art Project supported such iconic artists as Jackson Pollock before their work could earn them income.[8]

One particular success was the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, which started in 1935 as an experiment that employed 900 people who were classified as unemployable due to their age or disability.[2]: 164  The project came to employ about 5,000 unskilled workers, many of them women and the long-term unemployed. Historian John Gurda observed that the city's unemployment hovered at 40% in 1933. "In that year," he said, "53 percent of Milwaukee's property taxes went unpaid because people just could not afford to make the tax payments."[9] Workers were taught bookbinding, block printing, and design, which they used to create handmade art books and children's books. They produced toys, dolls,[10] theatre costumes, quilts,[9] rugs, draperies, wall hangings, and furniture that were purchased by schools, hospitals,[2]: 164  and municipal organizations[11] for the cost of materials only.[12] In 2014, when the Museum of Wisconsin Art mounted an exhibition of items created by the Milwaukee Handicraft Project, furniture from it was still being used at the Milwaukee Public Library.[9]

Holger Cahill was national director of the Federal Art Project. Other administrators included Audrey McMahon, director of the New York Region (New York, New Jersey, and Philadelphia); Clement B. Haupers, director for Minnesota;[13] George Godfrey Thorp (Illinois),[14] and Robert Bruce Inverarity, director for Washington. Regional New York supervisors of the Federal Art Project have included sculptor William Ehrich (1897–1960) of the Buffalo Unit (1938–1939), project director of the Buffalo Zoo expansion.[15]

Notable artists

Main article: List of Federal Art Project artists

Some 10,000 artists were commissioned to work for the Federal Art Project.[6] Notable artists include the following:

Community Art Center program

 
Jacksonville Negro Art Center, Jacksonville, Florida
 
Eleanor Roosevelt at the dedication of the South Side Community Art Center, Chicago, Illinois (May 7, 1941)
 
Poster for the opening of the Mason City Art Center, Mason City, Iowa (1941)
 
Children's art class at the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
 
American design exhibit at the Roswell Museum and Art Center, Roswell, New Mexico (1941)
 
Poster for the Harlem Community Art Center, New York City (1938)
 
Class at the Harlem Community Art Center (January 1, 1938)
 
Poster for the open house of the Greensboro Art Center, Greensboro, North Carolina (1937)
 
Oklahoma Art Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 
Curry County Art Center, Gold Beach, Oregon

The first federally sponsored community art center opened in December 1936 in Raleigh, North Carolina.[154]

State City Name Notes
Alabama Birmingham Extension art gallery[4]: 441 
Alabama Birmingham Healey School Art Gallery [4]: 441 
Alabama Mobile Mobile Art Center, Public Library Building [4]: 441 
Arizona Phoenix Phoenix Art Center [4]: 441 
District of Columbia Washington, D.C. Children's Art Gallery [4]: 441 
Florida Bradenton Bradenton Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Coral Gables Coral Gables Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 441 
Florida Daytona Beach Daytona Beach Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Beach Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 441 
Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Negro Art Center Extension art gallery[4]: 441 [155]
Florida Key West Key West Community Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Miami Miami Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Milton Milton Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 441 
Florida New Smyrna Beach New Smyrna Beach Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Ocala Ocala Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida Pensacola Pensacola Art Center [4]: 441 
Florida St. Petersburg Jordan Park Negro Exhibition Center [4]: 441 
Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Art Center [4]: 442 
Florida St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Civic Exhibition Center [4]: 442 
Florida Tampa Tampa Art Center [4]: 442 
Florida Tampa West Tampa Negro Art Gallery [4]: 442 
Illinois Chicago Hyde Park Art Center [4]: 442 
Illinois Chicago South Side Community Art Center [4]: 442 
Iowa Mason City Mason City Art Center [4]: 442 
Iowa Ottumwa Ottumwa Art Center [4]: 442 
Iowa Sioux City Sioux City Art Center [4]: 442 
Kansas Topeka Topeka Art Center [4]: 442 
Minnesota Minneapolis Walker Art Center [4]: 442 [156]
Mississippi Greenville Delta Art Center [4]: 442 
Mississippi Oxford Oxford Art Center [4]: 442 [157]
Mississippi Sunflower Sunflower County Art Center [4]: 442 
Missouri St. Louis The People's Art Center [4]: 442 
Montana Butte Butte Art Center [4]: 442 
Montana Great Falls Great Falls Art Center [4]: 442 
New Mexico Gallup Gallup Art Center [4]: 443 [35]
New Mexico Melrose Melrose Art Center [4]: 443 
New Mexico Roswell Roswell Museum and Art Center [4]: 443 
New York City Brooklyn Brooklyn Community Art Center [4]: 443 
New York City Manhattan Contemporary Art Center [4]: 443 [158]
New York City Harlem Harlem Community Art Center [4]: 443 
New York City Flushing, Queens Queensboro Community Art Center [4]: 443 
North Carolina Cary Cary Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro Art Center [154]
North Carolina Greenville Greenville Art Gallery [4]: 443 
North Carolina Raleigh Crosby-Garfield School Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
North Carolina Raleigh Needham B. Broughton High School Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
North Carolina Raleigh Raleigh Art Center [4]: 444 
North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington Art Center [4]: 443 
Oklahoma Bristow Bristow Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Claremore Claremore Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Claremore Will Rogers Public Library Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Clinton Clinton Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Cushing Cushing Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Edmond Edmond Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Marlow Marlow Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Oklahoma City Oklahoma Art Center [4]: 443 
Oklahoma Okmulgee Okmulgee Art Center Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Sapulpa Sapulpa Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Shawnee Shawnee Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oklahoma Skiatook Skiatook Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 443 
Oregon Gold Beach Curry County Art Center [4]: 444 
Oregon La Grande Grande Ronde Valley Art Center [4]: 444 
Oregon Salem Salem Art Center [4]: 444 
Pennsylvania Somerset Somerset Art Center [4]: 444 
Tennessee Chattanooga Hamilton County Art Center [4]: 444 
Tennessee Memphis LeMoyne Art Center [4]: 444 
Tennessee Nashville Peabody Art Center [4]: 444 
Tennessee Norris Anderson County Art Center [4]: 444 
Utah Cedar City Cedar City Art Exhibition Association Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Utah Helper Helper Community Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Utah Price Price Community Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Utah Provo Provo Community Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Utah Salt Lake City Utah State Art Center [4]: 444 
Virginia Altavista Altavista Extension Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Virginia Big Stone Gap Big Stone Gap Art Gallery [4]: 444 
Virginia Lynchburg Lynchburg Art Gallery [4]: 444 
Virginia Richmond Children's Art Gallery [4]: 444 
Virginia Saluda Middlesex County Museum Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Washington Chehalis Lewis County Exhibition Center Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Washington Pullman Washington State College Extension art gallery[4]: 444 
Washington Spokane Spokane Art Center [4]: 444 [159]
West Virginia Morgantown Morgantown Art Center [4]: 445 
West Virginia Parkersburg Parkersburg Art Center [4]: 445 
West Virginia Scotts Run Scotts Run Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Casper Casper Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Lander Lander Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Laramie Laramie Art Center [4]: 445 
Wyoming Newcastle Lander Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Rawlins Rawlins Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Riverton Riverton Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Rock Springs Rock Springs Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Sheridan Sheridan Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 
Wyoming Torrington Torrington Art Gallery Extension art gallery[4]: 445 

Index of American Design

Main article: Index of American Design
 
Federal Art Project Illinois poster for an exhibition of the Index of American Design

As we study the drawings of the Index of American Design we realize that the hands that made the first two hundred years of this country's material culture expressed something more than untutored creative instinct and the rude vigor of a frontier civilization. … The Index, in bringing together thousands of particulars from various sections of the country, tells the story of American hand skills and traces intelligible patterns within that story.

— Holger Cahill, national director of the Federal Art Project[160]: xv 

The Index of American Design program of the Federal Art Project produced a pictorial survey of the crafts and decorative arts of the United States from the early colonial period to 1900. Artists working for the Index produced nearly 18,000 meticulously faithful watercolor drawings,[2]: 226  documenting material culture by largely anonymous artisans.[160]: ix  Objects surveyed ranged from furniture, silver, glass, stoneware and textiles to tavern signs, ships's figureheads, cigar-store figures, carousel horses, toys, tools and weather vanes.[2]: 224 [161] Photography was used only to a limited degree since artists could more accurately and effectively present the form, character, color and texture of the objects. The best drawings approach the work of such 19th-century trompe-l'œil painters as William Harnett; lesser works represent the process of artists who were given employment and expert training.[160]: xiv 

"It was not a nostalgic or antiquarian enterprise," wrote historian Roger G. Kennedy. "It was initiated by modernists dedicated to abstract design, hoping to influence industrial design — thus in many ways it parallelled the founding philosophy of the Museum of Modern Art in New York."[2]: 224 

 
Holger Cahill, national director of the Federal Art Project, speaking at the Harlem Community Art Center (October 24, 1938)

Like all WPA programs, the Index had the primary purpose of providing employment.[162] Its function was to identify and record material of historical significance that had not been studied and was in danger of being lost. Its aim was to gather together these pictorial records into a body of material that would form the basis for organic development of American design — a usable American past accessible to artists, designers, manufacturers, museums, libraries and schools. The United States had no single comprehensive collection of authenticated historical native design comparable to those available to scholars, artists and industrial designers in Europe.[163]

"In one sense the Index is a kind of archaeology," wrote Holger Cahill. "It helps to correct a bias which has tended to relegate the work of the craftsman and the folk artist to the subconscious of our history where it can be recovered only by digging. In the past we have lost whole sequences out of their story, and have all but forgotten the unique contribution of hand skills in our culture."[160]: xv 

The Index of American Design operated in 34 states and the District of Columbia from 1935 to 1942. It was founded by Romana Javitz, head of the Picture Collection of the New York Public Library, and textile designer Ruth Reeves.[2]: 224  Reeves was appointed the first national coordinator; she was succeeded by C. Adolph Glassgold (1936) and Benjamin Knotts (1940). Constance Rourke was national editor.[160]: xii  The work is in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.[164]

The Index employed an average of 300 artists during its six years in operation.[160]: xiv  One artist was Magnus S. Fossum, a longtime farmer who was compelled by the Depression to move from the Midwest to Florida. After he lost his left hand in an accident in 1934, he produced watercolor renderings for the Index, using magnifiers and drafting instruments for accuracy and precision. Fossum eventually received an insurance settlement that made it possible for him to buy another farm and leave the Federal Art Project.[2]: 228 

In her essay,'Picturing a Usable Past,' Virginia Tuttle Clayton, curator of the 2002-2003 exhibition, Drawing on America's Past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design, held at the National Gallery of Art noted that "the Index of American Design was the result of an ambitious and creative effort to furnish for the visual arts a usable past."[165]

  •  

    church of sanctuario at chimayo-panel from reredos

  •  

    Fly Catcher, 1937.Frank McEntee - National Gallery of Art.

  •  

    Magnus Fossum copying the 1770 Boston Town Coverlet (February 1940)

  •  

    Boston Town Coverlet
    Magnus Fossum (1935–1942)

  •  

    Poke Bonnet,Irene Lawson. Index of American Design.National Gallery of Art

  •  

    Daguerreotype Case Index of American Design

  •  

    "Age of Chivalry" Circus Wagon, c. 1938

  •  

    Noah's Ark with animals-Sunday toy

Poster Division

 
WPA poster advertising art classes for children

The WPA Poster Division was headed by Richard Floethe.[166] The WPA Poster Division is thought to have produced upward of 35,000 designs and printed some two million posters, originally by hand but quickly transitioning to widespread adoption of the silkscreen process.[167][166] The Poster Division began in New York City and by 1938 had artists in 18 states; the Chicago unit was the second-most productive after New York.[166] According to preeminent New Deal art historian Francis V. O’Connor, only about 2,000 surviving examples of WPA poster art are held in the nation’s library and museum print collections.[166]

WPA Art Recovery Project

External video
 
  Returning America’s Art to America, General Services Administration[168]

Hundreds of thousands of artworks were commissioned under the Federal Art Project.[6] Many of the portable works have been lost, abandoned, or given away as unauthorized gifts. As custodian of the work, which remains federal property, the General Services Administration (GSA) maintains an inventory[169] and works with the FBI and art community to identify and recover WPA art.[170] In 2010, it produced a 22-minute documentary about the WPA Art Recovery Project, "Returning America’s Art to America", narrated by Charles Osgood.[171]

In July 2014, the GSA estimated that only 20,000 of the portable works have been located to date.[169][172] In 2015, GSA investigators found 122 Federal Art Project paintings in California libraries, where most had been stored and forgotten.[173]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • DeNoon, Christopher. Posters of the WPA (Los Angeles: Wheatley Press, 1987).
  • Grieve, Victoria. The Federal Art Project and the Creation of Middlebrow Culture (2009) excerpt
  • Kennedy, Roger G.; David Larkin (2009). When art worked. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-8478-3089-3.
  • Kelly, Andrew, Kentucky by Design: American Culture, the Decorative Arts and the Federal Art Project's Index of American Design, University Press of Kentucky, 2015, ISBN 978-0-8131-5567-8
  • Russo, Jillian. "The Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project Reconsidered." Visual Resources 34.1-2 (2018): 13-32.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federal Art Project.

May 04, 2023
federal, project, 1935, 1943, deal, program, fund, visual, arts, united, states, under, national, director, holger, cahill, five, federal, project, number, projects, sponsored, works, progress, administration, largest, deal, projects, created, cultural, activi. The Federal Art Project 1935 1943 was a New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States Under national director Holger Cahill it was one of five Federal Project Number One projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administration WPA and the largest of the New Deal art projects It was created not as a cultural activity but as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals easel paintings sculpture graphic art posters photography theatre scenic design and arts and crafts The WPA Federal Art Project established more than 100 community art centers throughout the country researched and documented American design commissioned a significant body of public art without restriction to content or subject matter and sustained some 10 000 artists and craft workers during the Great Depression According to American Heritage Something like 400 000 easel paintings murals prints posters and renderings were produced by WPA artists during the eight years of the project s existence virtually free of government pressure to control subject matter interpretation or style 1 Federal Art ProjectEagle and palette design regarded as the logo of the Federal Art ProjectAgency overviewFormed29 August 1935 1935 08 29 Dissolved1943 1943 JurisdictionUnited StatesHeadquartersWashington D C Agency executiveHolger CahillParent departmentWorks Progress Administration WPA Contents 1 Background 2 Notable artists 3 Community Art Center program 4 Index of American Design 5 Poster Division 6 WPA Art Recovery Project 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksBackground EditSee also Works Progress Administration and Federal Project Number One Poster summarizing Federal Art Project employment and activities November 1 1936 The Workers c 1935 a wall hanging created by Florence Kawa for the Milwaukee Handicraft Project was presented to Eleanor Roosevelt 2 164 The Federal Art Project was the visual arts arm of Federal Project Number One a program of the Works Progress Administration which was intended to provide employment for struggling artists during the Great Depression Funded under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 it operated from August 29 1935 until June 30 1943 It was created as a relief measure to employ artists and artisans to create murals easel paintings sculpture graphic art posters photographs Index of American Design documentation museum and theatre scenic design and arts and crafts The Federal Art Project operated community art centers throughout the country where craft workers and artists worked exhibited and educated others 3 The project created more than 200 000 separate works some of them remaining among the most significant pieces of public art in the country 4 The Federal Art Project s primary goals were to employ out of work artists and to provide art for nonfederal municipal buildings and public spaces Artists were paid 23 60 a week tax supported institutions such as schools hospitals and public buildings paid only for materials 5 The work was divided into art production art instruction and art research The primary output of the art research group was the Index of American Design a mammoth and comprehensive study of American material culture As many as 10 000 artists were commissioned to produce work for the WPA Federal Art Project 6 the largest of the New Deal art projects Three comparable but distinctly separate New Deal art projects were administered by the United States Department of the Treasury the Public Works of Art Project 1933 1934 the Section of Painting and Sculpture 1934 1943 and the Treasury Relief Art Project 1935 1938 7 The WPA program made no distinction between representational and nonrepresentational art Abstraction had not yet gained favor in the 1930s and 1940s so was virtually unsalable As a result the Federal Art Project supported such iconic artists as Jackson Pollock before their work could earn them income 8 One particular success was the Milwaukee Handicraft Project which started in 1935 as an experiment that employed 900 people who were classified as unemployable due to their age or disability 2 164 The project came to employ about 5 000 unskilled workers many of them women and the long term unemployed Historian John Gurda observed that the city s unemployment hovered at 40 in 1933 In that year he said 53 percent of Milwaukee s property taxes went unpaid because people just could not afford to make the tax payments 9 Workers were taught bookbinding block printing and design which they used to create handmade art books and children s books They produced toys dolls 10 theatre costumes quilts 9 rugs draperies wall hangings and furniture that were purchased by schools hospitals 2 164 and municipal organizations 11 for the cost of materials only 12 In 2014 when the Museum of Wisconsin Art mounted an exhibition of items created by the Milwaukee Handicraft Project furniture from it was still being used at the Milwaukee Public Library 9 Holger Cahill was national director of the Federal Art Project Other administrators included Audrey McMahon director of the New York Region New York New Jersey and Philadelphia Clement B Haupers director for Minnesota 13 George Godfrey Thorp Illinois 14 and Robert Bruce Inverarity director for Washington Regional New York supervisors of the Federal Art Project have included sculptor William Ehrich 1897 1960 of the Buffalo Unit 1938 1939 project director of the Buffalo Zoo expansion 15 Notable artists EditMain article List of Federal Art Project artists Some 10 000 artists were commissioned to work for the Federal Art Project 6 Notable artists include the following William Abbenseth 16 Berenice Abbott 17 Ida York Abelman 2 178 Gertrude Abercrombie 18 Benjamin Abramowitz 19 Abe Ajay 20 Ivan Albright 2 161 Maxine Albro 21 Charles Alston 22 Harold Ambellan 23 Luis Arenal 24 Bruce Ariss 25 Victor Arnautoff 26 Sheva Ausubel 27 Jozef Bakos 28 Henry Bannarn 29 Belle Baranceanu 30 Patrocino Barela 31 Will Barnet 32 Richmond Barthe 33 Herbert Bayer 2 195 William Baziotes 34 Lester Beall 2 194 Harrison Begay 35 Daisy Maud Bellis 36 37 Rainey Bennett 38 138 Aaron Berkman 39 Leon Bibel 40 Robert Blackburn 2 170 Arnold Blanch 38 153 Lucile Blanch 41 Lucienne Bloch 5 Aaron Bohrod 38 144 Ilya Bolotowsky 42 43 Adele Brandeis 44 Louise Brann 45 Edgar Britton 38 138 Manuel Bromberg 46 James Brooks 47 48 Selma Burke 49 Letterio Calapai 50 Samuel Cashwan 38 156 Giorgio Cavallon 51 Daniel Celentano 52 Dane Chanase 53 Fay Chong 54 Claude Clark 55 Max Arthur Cohn 56 Eldzier Cortor 57 Arthur Covey 58 Alfred D Crimi 59 Francis Criss 60 Allan Crite 38 144 Robert Cronbach 23 John Steuart Curry 58 Philip Campbell Curtis 61 James Daugherty 58 Stuart Davis 62 Adolf Dehn 63 Willem de Kooning 2 186 Burgoyne Diller 64 Isami Doi 65 Mabel Dwight 2 180 182 Ruth Egri 66 Fritz Eichenberg 67 Jacob Elshin 54 George Pearse Ennis 68 Angna Enters 69 Philip Evergood 2 161 174 Louis Ferstadt 70 Alexander Finta 71 Joseph Fleck 35 Seymour Fogel 5 38 138 Lily Furedi 72 Todros Geller 73 Aaron Gelman 58 Eugenie Gershoy 74 Enrico Glicenstein 75 Vincent Glinsky 76 Bertram Goodman 77 Arshile Gorky 2 186 Harry Gottlieb 38 154 Blanche Grambs 38 154 Morris Graves 54 Balcomb Greene 43 Marion Greenwood 78 Waylande Gregory 79 Philip Guston 2 161 Irving Guyer 80 Abraham Harriton 81 Marsden Hartley 2 161 Knute Heldner 82 August Henkel 83 Ralf Henricksen 84 Magnus Colcord Heurlin 58 Hilaire Hiler 38 145 Louis Hirshman 85 86 Donal Hord 87 Axel Horn 88 Milton Horn 89 Allan Houser 35 Eitaro Ishigaki 90 Edwin Boyd Johnson 38 140 Sargent Claude Johnson 91 Tom Loftin Johnson 92 William H Johnson 93 Leonard D Jungwirth 57 Reuben Kadish 94 Sheffield Kagy 95 Jacob Kainen 96 David Karfunkle 97 Leon Kelly 38 145 Paul Kelpe 43 Troy Kinney 58 Georgina Klitgaard 38 145 Gene Kloss 38 154 Karl Knaths 38 141 146 Edwin B Knutesen 98 Lee Krasner 99 Kalman Kubinyi 100 Yasuo Kuniyoshi 38 154 Jacob Lawrence 2 161 Edward Laning 38 141 Michael Lantz 101 Blanche Lazzell 38 154 Tom Lea 102 Lawrence Lebduska 38 146 Joseph Leboit 103 William Robinson Leigh 35 Julian E Levi 38 146 Jack Levine 38 146 Monty Lewis 104 Elba Lightfoot 105 Abraham Lishinsky 38 141 Michael Loew 106 Thomas Gaetano LoMedico 107 Louis Lozowick 2 168 171 Nan Lurie 38 155 Guy Maccoy 108 Stanton Macdonald Wright 109 George McNeil 38 144 Moissaye Marans 110 David Margolis 111 Kyra Markham 38 155 Jack Markow 112 Mercedes Matter 113 Jan Matulka 38 144 Dina Melicov 114 Hugh Mesibov 115 Katherine Milhous 38 163 Jo Mora 116 Helmuth Naumer 35 Louise Nevelson 117 James Michael Newell 118 Spencer Baird Nichols 58 Elizabeth Olds 119 John Opper 120 William C Palmer 38 142 121 Phillip Pavia 58 Irene Rice Pereira 122 Jackson Pollock 123 George Post 38 150 Gregorio Prestopino 38 147 Mac Raboy 124 Anton Refregier 38 155 Ad Reinhardt 125 Misha Reznikoff 38 147 Mischa Richter 58 Diego Rivera 126 Jose de Rivera 127 Emanuel Glicen Romano 128 Mark Rothko 2 161 Alexander Rummler 58 Augusta Savage 129 130 Concetta Scaravaglione 38 157 Louis Schanker 131 Edwin Scheier 132 Mary Scheier 132 Carl Schmitt 58 William S Schwartz 38 147 Georgette Seabrooke 133 Ben Shahn 134 135 William Howard Shuster 136 Mitchell Siporin 137 John French Sloan 6 Joseph Solman 138 William Sommer 38 151 Isaac Soyer 139 Moses Soyer 2 161 Raphael Soyer 2 32 Ralph Stackpole 140 Cesare Stea 141 Walter Steinhart 58 Joseph Stella 2 175 Harry Sternberg 2 167 Sakari Suzuki 142 Albert Swinden 43 143 Rufino Tamayo 38 151 Elizabeth Terrell 38 147 Lenore Thomas 2 323 Dox Thrash 4 373 Mark Tobey 2 161 54 Harry Everett Townsend 58 Edward Buk Ulreich 48 Charles Umlauf 144 Jacques Van Aalten 145 Stuyvesant Van Veen 146 Herman Volz 147 Mark Voris 148 John Augustus Walker 149 Andrew Winter 6 Jean Xceron 150 Edgar Yaeger 151 Bernard Zakheim 152 153 Karl Zerbe 38 148 Community Art Center program Edit Jacksonville Negro Art Center Jacksonville Florida Eleanor Roosevelt at the dedication of the South Side Community Art Center Chicago Illinois May 7 1941 Poster for the opening of the Mason City Art Center Mason City Iowa 1941 Children s art class at the Walker Art Center Minneapolis Minnesota American design exhibit at the Roswell Museum and Art Center Roswell New Mexico 1941 Poster for the Harlem Community Art Center New York City 1938 Class at the Harlem Community Art Center January 1 1938 Poster for the open house of the Greensboro Art Center Greensboro North Carolina 1937 Oklahoma Art Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma Curry County Art Center Gold Beach Oregon The first federally sponsored community art center opened in December 1936 in Raleigh North Carolina 154 State City Name NotesAlabama Birmingham Extension art gallery 4 441 Alabama Birmingham Healey School Art Gallery 4 441 Alabama Mobile Mobile Art Center Public Library Building 4 441 Arizona Phoenix Phoenix Art Center 4 441 District of Columbia Washington D C Children s Art Gallery 4 441 Florida Bradenton Bradenton Art Center 4 441 Florida Coral Gables Coral Gables Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 441 Florida Daytona Beach Daytona Beach Art Center 4 441 Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Art Center 4 441 Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Beach Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 441 Florida Jacksonville Jacksonville Negro Art Center Extension art gallery 4 441 155 Florida Key West Key West Community Art Center 4 441 Florida Miami Miami Art Center 4 441 Florida Milton Milton Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 441 Florida New Smyrna Beach New Smyrna Beach Art Center 4 441 Florida Ocala Ocala Art Center 4 441 Florida Pensacola Pensacola Art Center 4 441 Florida St Petersburg Jordan Park Negro Exhibition Center 4 441 Florida St Petersburg St Petersburg Art Center 4 442 Florida St Petersburg St Petersburg Civic Exhibition Center 4 442 Florida Tampa Tampa Art Center 4 442 Florida Tampa West Tampa Negro Art Gallery 4 442 Illinois Chicago Hyde Park Art Center 4 442 Illinois Chicago South Side Community Art Center 4 442 Iowa Mason City Mason City Art Center 4 442 Iowa Ottumwa Ottumwa Art Center 4 442 Iowa Sioux City Sioux City Art Center 4 442 Kansas Topeka Topeka Art Center 4 442 Minnesota Minneapolis Walker Art Center 4 442 156 Mississippi Greenville Delta Art Center 4 442 Mississippi Oxford Oxford Art Center 4 442 157 Mississippi Sunflower Sunflower County Art Center 4 442 Missouri St Louis The People s Art Center 4 442 Montana Butte Butte Art Center 4 442 Montana Great Falls Great Falls Art Center 4 442 New Mexico Gallup Gallup Art Center 4 443 35 New Mexico Melrose Melrose Art Center 4 443 New Mexico Roswell Roswell Museum and Art Center 4 443 New York City Brooklyn Brooklyn Community Art Center 4 443 New York City Manhattan Contemporary Art Center 4 443 158 New York City Harlem Harlem Community Art Center 4 443 New York City Flushing Queens Queensboro Community Art Center 4 443 North Carolina Cary Cary Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro Art Center 154 North Carolina Greenville Greenville Art Gallery 4 443 North Carolina Raleigh Crosby Garfield School Extension art gallery 4 443 North Carolina Raleigh Needham B Broughton High School Extension art gallery 4 443 North Carolina Raleigh Raleigh Art Center 4 444 North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington Art Center 4 443 Oklahoma Bristow Bristow Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Claremore Claremore Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Claremore Will Rogers Public Library Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Clinton Clinton Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Cushing Cushing Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Edmond Edmond Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Marlow Marlow Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Oklahoma City Oklahoma Art Center 4 443 Oklahoma Okmulgee Okmulgee Art Center Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Sapulpa Sapulpa Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Shawnee Shawnee Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oklahoma Skiatook Skiatook Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 443 Oregon Gold Beach Curry County Art Center 4 444 Oregon La Grande Grande Ronde Valley Art Center 4 444 Oregon Salem Salem Art Center 4 444 Pennsylvania Somerset Somerset Art Center 4 444 Tennessee Chattanooga Hamilton County Art Center 4 444 Tennessee Memphis LeMoyne Art Center 4 444 Tennessee Nashville Peabody Art Center 4 444 Tennessee Norris Anderson County Art Center 4 444 Utah Cedar City Cedar City Art Exhibition Association Extension art gallery 4 444 Utah Helper Helper Community Gallery Extension art gallery 4 444 Utah Price Price Community Gallery Extension art gallery 4 444 Utah Provo Provo Community Gallery Extension art gallery 4 444 Utah Salt Lake City Utah State Art Center 4 444 Virginia Altavista Altavista Extension Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Virginia Big Stone Gap Big Stone Gap Art Gallery 4 444 Virginia Lynchburg Lynchburg Art Gallery 4 444 Virginia Richmond Children s Art Gallery 4 444 Virginia Saluda Middlesex County Museum Extension art gallery 4 444 Washington Chehalis Lewis County Exhibition Center Extension art gallery 4 444 Washington Pullman Washington State College Extension art gallery 4 444 Washington Spokane Spokane Art Center 4 444 159 West Virginia Morgantown Morgantown Art Center 4 445 West Virginia Parkersburg Parkersburg Art Center 4 445 West Virginia Scotts Run Scotts Run Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Casper Casper Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Lander Lander Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Laramie Laramie Art Center 4 445 Wyoming Newcastle Lander Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Rawlins Rawlins Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Riverton Riverton Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Rock Springs Rock Springs Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Sheridan Sheridan Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Wyoming Torrington Torrington Art Gallery Extension art gallery 4 445 Index of American Design EditMain article Index of American Design Federal Art Project Illinois poster for an exhibition of the Index of American Design As we study the drawings of the Index of American Design we realize that the hands that made the first two hundred years of this country s material culture expressed something more than untutored creative instinct and the rude vigor of a frontier civilization The Index in bringing together thousands of particulars from various sections of the country tells the story of American hand skills and traces intelligible patterns within that story Holger Cahill national director of the Federal Art Project 160 xv The Index of American Design program of the Federal Art Project produced a pictorial survey of the crafts and decorative arts of the United States from the early colonial period to 1900 Artists working for the Index produced nearly 18 000 meticulously faithful watercolor drawings 2 226 documenting material culture by largely anonymous artisans 160 ix Objects surveyed ranged from furniture silver glass stoneware and textiles to tavern signs ships s figureheads cigar store figures carousel horses toys tools and weather vanes 2 224 161 Photography was used only to a limited degree since artists could more accurately and effectively present the form character color and texture of the objects The best drawings approach the work of such 19th century trompe l œil painters as William Harnett lesser works represent the process of artists who were given employment and expert training 160 xiv It was not a nostalgic or antiquarian enterprise wrote historian Roger G Kennedy It was initiated by modernists dedicated to abstract design hoping to influence industrial design thus in many ways it parallelled the founding philosophy of the Museum of Modern Art in New York 2 224 Holger Cahill national director of the Federal Art Project speaking at the Harlem Community Art Center October 24 1938 Like all WPA programs the Index had the primary purpose of providing employment 162 Its function was to identify and record material of historical significance that had not been studied and was in danger of being lost Its aim was to gather together these pictorial records into a body of material that would form the basis for organic development of American design a usable American past accessible to artists designers manufacturers museums libraries and schools The United States had no single comprehensive collection of authenticated historical native design comparable to those available to scholars artists and industrial designers in Europe 163 In one sense the Index is a kind of archaeology wrote Holger Cahill It helps to correct a bias which has tended to relegate the work of the craftsman and the folk artist to the subconscious of our history where it can be recovered only by digging In the past we have lost whole sequences out of their story and have all but forgotten the unique contribution of hand skills in our culture 160 xv The Index of American Design operated in 34 states and the District of Columbia from 1935 to 1942 It was founded by Romana Javitz head of the Picture Collection of the New York Public Library and textile designer Ruth Reeves 2 224 Reeves was appointed the first national coordinator she was succeeded by C Adolph Glassgold 1936 and Benjamin Knotts 1940 Constance Rourke was national editor 160 xii The work is in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D C 164 The Index employed an average of 300 artists during its six years in operation 160 xiv One artist was Magnus S Fossum a longtime farmer who was compelled by the Depression to move from the Midwest to Florida After he lost his left hand in an accident in 1934 he produced watercolor renderings for the Index using magnifiers and drafting instruments for accuracy and precision Fossum eventually received an insurance settlement that made it possible for him to buy another farm and leave the Federal Art Project 2 228 In her essay Picturing a Usable Past Virginia Tuttle Clayton curator of the 2002 2003 exhibition Drawing on America s Past Folk Art Modernism and the Index of American Design held at the National Gallery of Art noted that the Index of American Design was the result of an ambitious and creative effort to furnish for the visual arts a usable past 165 church of sanctuario at chimayo panel from reredos Fly Catcher 1937 Frank McEntee National Gallery of Art Magnus Fossum copying the 1770 Boston Town Coverlet February 1940 Boston Town CoverletMagnus Fossum 1935 1942 Poke Bonnet Irene Lawson Index of American Design National Gallery of Art Daguerreotype Case Index of American Design Age of Chivalry Circus Wagon c 1938 Noah s Ark with animals Sunday toyPoster Division Edit WPA poster advertising art classes for children The WPA Poster Division was headed by Richard Floethe 166 The WPA Poster Division is thought to have produced upward of 35 000 designs and printed some two million posters originally by hand but quickly transitioning to widespread adoption of the silkscreen process 167 166 The Poster Division began in New York City and by 1938 had artists in 18 states the Chicago unit was the second most productive after New York 166 According to preeminent New Deal art historian Francis V O Connor only about 2 000 surviving examples of WPA poster art are held in the nation s library and museum print collections 166 WPA Art Recovery Project EditExternal video Returning America s Art to America General Services Administration 168 Hundreds of thousands of artworks were commissioned under the Federal Art Project 6 Many of the portable works have been lost abandoned or given away as unauthorized gifts As custodian of the work which remains federal property the General Services Administration GSA maintains an inventory 169 and works with the FBI and art community to identify and recover WPA art 170 In 2010 it produced a 22 minute documentary about the WPA Art Recovery Project Returning America s Art to America narrated by Charles Osgood 171 In July 2014 the GSA estimated that only 20 000 of the portable works have been located to date 169 172 In 2015 GSA investigators found 122 Federal Art Project paintings in California libraries where most had been stored and forgotten 173 See also EditList of Federal Art Project artists Section of Painting and Sculpture Public Works of Art Project Farm Security Administration which employed photographers References Edit Laning Edward 1970 10 01 When Uncle Sam Played Patron of the Arts Memoirs of a WPA Painter American Heritage 21 6 Retrieved 2022 10 01 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Kennedy Roger G Larkin David 2009 When Art Worked The New Deal Art and Democracy New York Rizzoli International Publications Inc ISBN 978 0 8478 3089 3 Employment and Activities poster for the WPA s Federal Art Project 1936 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 16 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq Kalfatovic Martin R 1994 The New Deal Fine Arts Projects A Bibliography 1933 1992 Metuchen N J Scarecrow Press ISBN 0 8108 2749 2 Retrieved 2015 06 17 a b c Brenner Anita April 10 1938 America Creates American Murals The New York Times Retrieved 2015 06 16 a b c d e Naylor Brian April 16 2014 New Deal Treasure Government Searches For Long Lost Art All Things Considered NPR Retrieved 2015 06 13 New Deal Artwork GSA s Inventory Project General Services Administration Retrieved 2015 06 16 Atkins Robert 1993 ArtSpoke A Guide to Modern Ideas Movements and Buzzwords 1848 1944 Abbeville Press ISBN 978 1 55859 388 6 a b c Whaley K P April 30 2014 Depression Era Milwaukee Handicraft Project Put Thousands of People to Work The Kathleen Dunn Show Wisconsin Public Radio Retrieved 2015 11 29 WPA Milwaukee Handicraft Project Museum of Wisconsin Art Retrieved 2015 11 29 Roosevelt Eleanor November 13 1936 My Day Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project The George Washington University Retrieved 2015 06 16 WPA Milwaukee Handicraft Project School of Continuing Education Employment and Training Institute University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Retrieved 2015 11 29 WPA Art Project Library Minnesota Historical Society Retrieved 2015 11 29 Smithsonian Archives of American Art George Godfrey Thorp papers 1941 1970 Ehrich Nancy and Roger William Ernst Ehrich Biography Retrieved 17 August 2018 Oral history interview with William Abbenseth Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution November 23 1964 Retrieved 2015 06 16 Background Changing New York New York Public Library Retrieved 2015 06 16 Gertrude Abercrombie papers Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 11 The Artist and His Life The Artwork of Benjamin Abramowitz 1917 2011 S A Rosenbaum amp Associates Archived from the original on 2015 08 12 Retrieved 2015 06 16 Abe Ajay Industry The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Oral history interview with Maxine Albro and Parker Hall Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution July 27 1964 Retrieved 2015 06 16 Oral history interview with Charles Henry Alston Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution September 28 1965 Retrieved 2015 06 16 a b The Artists of Buffalo s Willert Park Courts Sculptures Western New York Heritage Press Archived from the original on 2010 12 03 Retrieved 2015 06 15 Luis Arenal Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution August 7 1936 Retrieved 2015 06 13 Pacific Grove High School Mural Pacific Grove CA The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 15 George Washington High School Arnautoff Mural San Francisco CA The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 15 Sheva Ausubel Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution March 30 1937 Retrieved 2015 06 13 Oral history interview with Jozef and Teresa Bakos 1965 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2016 04 20 Henry W Bannarn ca 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Belle Baranceanu 1902 1988 San Diego History Center Retrieved 2016 04 20 Oral history interview with Patrocino Barela Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution July 2 1964 Retrieved 2015 06 15 Will Barnet Labor The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Richmond Barthe 1941 Apr 4 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 William and Ethel Baziotes papers 1916 1992 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 22 a b c d e f WPA Art Collection Gallup NM The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 07 19 Edward Alden Jewell August 27 1933 Musings Way Down east New York Times Bellis Daisy Maud Connecticut State Library 27 August 1933 Retrieved 2 July 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Cahill Holger 1936 Barr Alfred H Jr ed New Horizons in American Art New York Museum of Modern Art OCLC 501632161 Abbott Leala December 2004 Arts and Culture Art Center records 1930 2004 Finding Aid Milstein Rosenthal Center for Media amp Technology 92nd Street Y Archived from the original on 2015 06 21 Retrieved 2015 06 22 Leon Bibel Art Activism and the WPA Lora Robins Gallery of Design from Nature University of Richmond Archived from the original on 2015 06 23 Retrieved 2015 06 22 Lucile Blanch 1940 Oct 31 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 1939 World s Fair Mural Study Chicago IL The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 10 a b c d Williamsburg Housing Development Murals Brooklyn NY The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 10 Oral history interview with Adele Brandeis Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution June 1 1965 Retrieved 2015 06 18 Louise Brann ca 1935 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Manuel Bromberg 1939 Jan 23 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Oral history interview with James Brooks Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution June 10 12 1965 Retrieved 2015 06 17 a b Bailey Chief Librarian Praises WPA Art Project Long Island Sunday Press Long Island New York April 5 1936 Selma Burke Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 16 Letterio Calapai ca 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Oral history interview with Giorgio Cavallon 1974 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2016 04 20 P S 150 Mural Queens NY The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2016 05 11 Dane Chanase 1942 Jan 26 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 a b c d Mahoney Eleanor 2012 The Federal Art Project in Washington State The Great Depression in Washington State Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights Project University of Washington Retrieved 2015 06 23 Claude Clark Sr In the Groove The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2016 04 20 Max Arthur Cohn Smithsonian American Art Museum Retrieved 2018 01 25 a b Recovering America s Art for America General Services Administration 2010 Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2015 06 16 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Artists WPA Art Inventory Project Connecticut State Library Archived from the original on 2015 07 04 Retrieved 2015 07 03 Artist Alfred D Crimi The Living New Deal Retrieved May 3 2019 Francis Criss 1940 Oct 29 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 History and Mission About Us Phoenix Art Museum Archived from the original on 2015 09 05 Retrieved 2015 06 22 Conn Charis February 15 2013 Art in Public Stuart Davis on Abstract Art and the WPA 1939 Annotations The NEH Preservation Project WNYC Retrieved 2015 06 16 Adolf Dehn 1940 Oct 29 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Oral history interview with Burgoyne Diller Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution October 2 1964 Retrieved 2015 06 16 Isami Doi Near Coney Island The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 19 Ruth Egri 1937 Apr 12 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Fritz Eichenberg April The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 George Pearse Ennis ca 1936 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Angna Enters 1940 Nov 18 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Louis Ferstadt 1939 Jan 25 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 19 Alexander Finta 1939 June 14 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Federal Art Project Photographic Division collection circa 1920 1965 bulk 1935 1942 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 11 27 Activist Arts A New Deal for the Arts National Archives and Records Administration Retrieved 2015 06 17 Eugenie Gershoy 1938 Mar 28 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Enrico Glicenstein 1940 Sept 29 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Vincent Glinsky 1939 Mar 8 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Bertram Goodman ca 1939 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Marion Greenwood 1940 June 4 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Waylande Gregory Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution June 2 1937 Retrieved 2015 06 16 Irving Guyer Reading by Lamplight The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Abraham Harriton 1938 Aug 16 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Megraw Richard January 10 2011 Federal Art Project KnowLA Encyclopedia of Louisiana Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities Archived from the original on September 15 2015 Retrieved 2015 10 25 August Henkel ca 1939 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Ralf C Henricksen 1938 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Service on the home front There s a job for every Pennsylvanian in these civilian defense efforts Library of Congress 1941 Stop and get your free fag bag Careless matches aid the Axis Library of Congress 1941 Donal Hord 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Axel Horr sic 1940 June 28 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Milton Horn c 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Eitaro Ishigaki ca 1940 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Sargent Claude Johnson Dorothy C The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Tom Loftin Johnson 1938 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 William H Johnson A Guide for Teachers American Art Museum and the Renwick Gallery Smithsonian Institution Archived from the original on 2015 06 13 Retrieved 2015 06 11 Reuben Kadish Conversation with a Quarry Master The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Sheffield Kagy Symphony Conductor The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Jacob Kainen Rooming House The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 David Karfunkle ca 1938 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 19 WPA Works Progress Administration New Deal Artists MOWA Online Archive wisconsinart org Oral history interview with Lee Krasner Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution November 2 1964 April 11 1968 Retrieved 2015 06 15 Kalman Kubinyi Skaters The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Michael Lantz Smithsonian American Art Museum Retrieved 2015 06 19 New Mexico State University Branson Library Art Las Cruces NM The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 10 Joseph Leboit Tranquility The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 19 Monty Lewis 1938 May 26 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Elba Lightfoot 1938 Jan 14 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 19 Murals Approved of 5 WPA Artists The New York Times October 28 1935 Retrieved 2015 06 24 Thomas Gaetano Lo Medico 1938 May 12 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Oral history interview with Guy and Genoi Pettit Maccoy Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution July 24 1965 Retrieved 2015 06 13 Federal Art Project Artists 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Moissaye Marans ca 1939 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 David Margolis 1940 May 29 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 19 Jack Markow Street in Manasquan The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Mercedes Matter Interview Excerpts Hans Hofmann Artist Teacher Teacher Artist PBS 2003 Retrieved 2015 06 15 Dina Melicov 1939 Apr 26 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Hugh Mesibov National Gallery of Art National Gallery of Art Retrieved 2021 02 16 King City High School Auditorium Bas Reliefs King City CA The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 17 Louise Nevelson Guggenheim Collection Online Solomon R Guggenheim Foundation Retrieved 2015 06 15 James Michael Newell ca 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Elizabeth Olds 1937 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 18 Mary Ann Marger 1990 05 07 Thinking in the Abstract Series St Petersburg Times St Petersburg Florida p 1D William C Palmer 1936 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Irene Rice Pereira 1938 Aug 22 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Jackson Pollock Guggenheim Collection Online Solomon R Guggenheim Foundation Archived from the original on 2015 05 30 Retrieved 2015 06 15 Mac Raboy Hitchhiker The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Oral history interview with Ad Reinhardt Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution 1964 Retrieved 2015 06 16 City College of San Francisco Rivera Mural San Francisco CA The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 15 Oral history interview with Jose de Rivera Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution February 24 1968 Retrieved 2015 06 12 Emanuel Glicen Romano 1936 Nov 23 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 18 Augusta Savage Smithsonian American Art Museum Retrieved 2015 06 10 The Harp by Augusta Savage 1939 NY World s Fair Archived from the original on 2017 03 12 Retrieved 2015 06 10 Oral history interview with Louis Schanker Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution 1963 Retrieved 2015 06 11 a b Edwin amp Mary Scheier New Hampshire State Council on the Arts February 12 2015 Retrieved 2015 06 22 Pogrebin Robin September 16 2012 At Harlem Hospital Murals Get a New Life The New York Times Retrieved 2015 06 22 Oral history interview with Ben Shahn Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution October 3 1965 Retrieved 2015 06 13 Rikers Island WPA Murals East Elmhurst NY The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 10 Oral history interview with Will Shuster 1964 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2016 04 20 Lane Tech College Prep High School Auditorium Mural Chicago IL The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 15 Oral history interview with Joseph Solman Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 13 Isaac Soyer A Nickel a Shine The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 George Washington High School Stackpole Mural San Francisco CA The Living New Deal Department of Geography University of California Berkeley Retrieved 2015 06 22 Cesare Stea 1939 Mar 2 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Sakari Suzuki 1936 Dec 2 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 14 Dunlap David W November 5 2014 At Future Cornell Campus the First Step in Restoring Murals Is Finding Them The New York Times Retrieved 2015 06 22 Timeline under Charles Umlauf bio on the UMLAUF Website Jacques Van Aalten 1938 May 26 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Stuyvesant Van Veen papers circa 1926 1988 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 Herman Roderick Volz Lockout The Collection Online Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 2015 06 22 Oral history interview with Mark Voris 1965 February 11 www aaa si edu Murals by John Augustus Walker on permanent display in the Museum of Mobile lobby Mobile Alabama Library of Congress Retrieved 2015 06 17 Jean Xceron 1942 Jan 13 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 18 Edgar L Yaeger papers 1923 1989 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 17 California Federal Art Project papers 1935 1964 Archives of American Art Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2015 06 23 Nolte Carl February 27 2015 UCSF to let public see trove of medical history murals San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved 2015 06 23 a b Parker Thomas C October 15 1938 Federally Sponsored Community Art Centers Bulletin of the American Library Association American Library Association 32 11 807 Archived from the original on September 19 2015 Retrieved 2015 10 25 Children drawing at the Jacksonville Negro Art Center of the WPA Federal Art Project Jacksonville Florida Florida Memory State Library and Archives of Florida Retrieved 2015 10 27 Rash John January 30 2015 The Walker s WPA roots are still relevant today Star Tribune Minneapolis Minnesota Retrieved 2015 06 21 Grieve Victoria 2009 The Federal Art Project and the Creation of Middlebrow Culture Urbana University of Illinois Press p 145 ISBN 9780252034213 Abbott Leala December 2004 Arts and Culture Art Center records 1930 2004 Finding Aid Milstein Rosenthal Center for Media amp Technology 92nd Street Y Archived from the original on 2015 06 21 Retrieved 2015 06 21 In 1935 and 1936 92Y in cooperation with the federal Works Progress Administration W P A and the New York City Board of Education began offering free courses The Contemporary Art Center part of the W P A s Federal Art Project offered daytime courses for serious art students and was led by Nathaniel Dirk Mahoney Eleanor 2012 The Spokane Arts Center Bringing Art to the People The Great Depression in Washington State Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights Project University of Washington Retrieved 2015 06 23 a b c d e f Cahill Holger 1950 Introduction In Christensen Erwin O ed The Index of American Design New York The Macmillan Company pp ix xvii OCLC 217678 Herzberg Max October 15 1950 American Craftsmanship Offers Beauty and Utility Newark Evening News Jones Louis C October 22 1950 Only Yesterday It Was Wooden Indians and Whittled Toys The New York Times Retrieved 2015 10 29 Jewell Edward Alden March 19 1939 Saving Our Usable Past The New York Times Retrieved 2015 10 29 History Index of American Design National Gallery of Art Archived from the original on 2015 12 23 Retrieved 2015 10 28 Drawing on America s Past Folk Art Modernism and the Index of American Design by Virginia Tuttle Clayton Elizabeth Stillinger Erika Doss and Deborah Chotner Washington DC National Gallery of Art 2002 a b c d DeNoon Christopher 1987 Posters of the WPA Francis V O Connor Los Angeles Wheatley Press in association with the University of Washington Press Seattle ISBN 0 295 96543 6 OCLC 16558529 Carter Ennis 2008 Posters for the people art of the WPA Christopher DeNoon Alexander M Peltz Philadelphia PA Quirk Books ISBN 978 1 59474 292 7 OCLC 227919759 Works Progress Administration WPA Art Recovery Project General Services Administration Archived from the original on September 19 2015 Retrieved September 10 2015 a b New Deal Artwork GSA s Inventory Project General Services Administration Retrieved 2015 06 13 New Deal Artwork Ownership and Responsibility General Services Administration Retrieved 2015 06 13 Works Progress Administration WPA Art Recovery Project Office of the Inspector General General Services Administration Archived from the original on 2015 09 19 Retrieved 2015 06 13 MacFarlane Scott September 17 2014 Lost History Hunting for WPA Paintings NBC 4 Washington D C Retrieved 2015 06 13 MacFarlane Scott April 20 2015 Dozens of Pieces of Lost WPA Art Found in California NBC 4 Washington D C Retrieved 2015 06 13 Further reading EditDeNoon Christopher Posters of the WPA Los Angeles Wheatley Press 1987 Grieve Victoria The Federal Art Project and the Creation of Middlebrow Culture 2009 excerpt Kennedy Roger G David Larkin 2009 When art worked New York Rizzoli ISBN 978 0 8478 3089 3 Kelly Andrew Kentucky by Design American Culture the Decorative Arts and the Federal Art Project s Index of American Design University Press of Kentucky 2015 ISBN 978 0 8131 5567 8 Russo Jillian The Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project Reconsidered Visual Resources 34 1 2 2018 13 32 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federal Art Project The Living New Deal research project and online public archive at the University of California Berkeley Recovering America s Art for America 2010 General Services Administration short documentary about efforts to recover WPA art Posters for the People online archive of WPA posters WPA Posters collection at the Library of Congress New Deal Art Registry wpamurals com Archived 2012 12 05 at archive today links to each state with examples of WPA art in each Federal Art Project Photographic Division collection at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art 1934 A New Deal for Artists Exhibition at the Smithsonian American Art Museum Art Within Reach Federal Art Project Community Art Centers at George Mason University WPA Murals and American Abstract Artists at American Abstract Artists WPA Prints and Murals in New York Collection Art of the Works Progress Administration WPA from the University of Michigan Museum of Art WNYC and the WPA Federal Art Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Federal Art Project amp oldid 1149681852, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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