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Herbert Bayer

Herbert Bayer (April 5, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an Austrian and American graphic designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, art director, environmental and interior designer, and architect. He was instrumental in the development of the Atlantic Richfield Company's corporate art collection until his death in 1985.

Herbert Bayer
Born(1900-04-05)April 5, 1900
Died30 September 1985(1985-09-30) (aged 85)
Montecito, California, USA.
NationalityAustrian, American
EducationWeimar Bauhaus
SpouseIrene Bayer-Hecht

Biography

Training and Bauhaus years

 
Herbert Bayer's 1925 experimental universal typeface combined upper and lowercase characters into a single character set.

Bayer apprenticed under the artist Georg Schmidthammer in Linz. Leaving the workshop to study at the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, he became interested in Walter Gropius's Bauhaus manifesto. After Bayer had studied for four years at the Bauhaus[1] under such teachers as Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee[2] and László Moholy-Nagy, Gropius appointed Bayer director of printing and advertising.

In the spirit of reductive minimalism, Bayer developed a crisp visual style and adopted use of all-lowercase, sans serif typefaces for most Bauhaus publications.[3] Bayer is one of several typographers of the period including Kurt Schwitters and Jan Tschichold who experimented with the creation of a simplified more phonetic-based alphabet. From 1925 to 1930 Bayer designed a geometric sans-serif Proposal for a Universal Typeface that existed only as a design and was never actually cast into real type.[4] These designs are now issued in digital form as Bayer Universal. The design also inspired ITC Bauhaus and Architype Bayer, which bears comparison with the stylistically related typeface Architype Schwitters.

In 1923 Bayer met the photographer Irene Bayer-Hecht at the first large Bauhaus exhibit in Weimar. They married in 1925, separated in 1928, had a daughter, Julia Alexandra, in 1929, and divorced in 1944.[5][6]

Post-Bauhaus years in Germany

 
Stadelwand, 1936, M.T. Abraham Foundation

In 1928, Bayer left the Bauhaus to become art director of Vogue magazine's Berlin office.[1] He remained in Germany far later than most other progressives. In 1936 he designed a brochure for the Deutschland Ausstellung, an exhibition for tourists in Berlin during the 1936 Olympic Games – the brochure celebrated life in Nazi Germany, and the authority of Hitler. However, in 1937, works of Bayer's were included in the Nazi propaganda exhibition "Degenerate Art", upon which he left Germany. Upon fleeing Germany, he traveled in Italy.[2]

Time in the United States

In 1944 Bayer married Joella Synara Haweis, the daughter of poet and Dada artist Mina Loy. The same year, he became a U.S. citizen.[7]

In 1946 the Bayers relocated. Hired by industrialist and visionary Walter Paepcke, Bayer moved to Aspen, Colorado as Paepcke promoted skiing as a popular sport. Bayer's architectural work in the town included co-designing the Aspen Institute and restoring the Wheeler Opera House, but his production of promotional posters identified skiing with wit, excitement, and glamour.

In 1959, he designed his "fonetik alfabet", a phonetic alphabet, for English. It was sans-serif and without capital letters. He had special symbols for the endings -ed, -ory, -ing, and -ion, as well as the digraphs "ch", "sh", and "ng". An underline indicated the doubling of a consonant in traditional orthography.

While living in Aspen, Bayer had a chance meeting with the eccentric oilman, outdoorsman and visionary ecologist, Robert O. Anderson. When Anderson saw the ultra-modern, Bauhaus-inspired home that Bayer had designed & built in Aspen, he walked up to the front door and introduced himself. It was the beginning of a lifelong friendship between the two men and instigated Anderson's insatiable passion for enthusiastically collecting contemporary art.

With Anderson's eventual formation of the Atlantic Richfield Company, and as his personal art collection quickly overflowed out of his New Mexico ranch and other homes, ARCO soon held the unique distinction of possessing the world's largest corporate art collection, under the critical eye and sharp direction of Bayer as ARCO's Art and Design Consultant.

Overseeing acquisitions for ARCO Plaza, the newly built (1972) twin 51-story office towers in Los Angeles that served as the new company's corporate headquarters, Bayer was also responsible for the ARCO logo and designing all corporate branding related to the company. Prior to the completion of ARCO Plaza, Anderson commissioned Bayer to design a monumental sculpture-fountain to be installed between the dark green granite towers. Originally titled "Stairway to Nowhere" Anderson laughed[citation needed], but felt the Shareholders wouldn't see the irony; thus he suggested it be named Double Ascension and it still stands between the twin skyscrapers today.

Under Bayer's direction, ARCO's art collection grew to nearly 30,000 works nationwide, managed by Atlantic Richfield Company Art Collection staff. ARCO's collection was eclectic, and consisted of an extremely wide range of media & styles; ranging from contemporary and earlier paintings, sculpture, works on paper (including drawings, watercolors and signed original lithographs, etchings and serigraphs) and signed photographs to tribal and ethnic art from many cultures, as well as historic prints and artifacts, all displayed throughout ARCO's buildings in Los Angeles and several other cities. Three years after ARCO was taken over by BP in 2000, that company's then-chairman, Lord Brown, personally ordered ARCO's art collection liquidated. It was sold through Christie's and LA Modern Auctions.

 
Chromatic Gate sculpture (1991) by Herbert Bayer, installed at ARCO Circle at the corner of Cabrillo Boulevard and Puerto Vallarta in Santa Barbara, California.

Bayer made provisions to donate, after his death, a collection of his works which had been housed in ARCO's conference center in Santa Barbara to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The works have been loaned previously to the Denver Art Museum. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979.[8]

Legacy and influence

Bayer's works appear in prominent public and private collections including the MIT List Visual Arts Center. Bayer designed the Mill Creek Canyon Earthworks, an environmental sculpture located in Kent, Washington.

In 2019, the philanthropists and entrepreneurs Lynda and Stewart Resnick donated $10 million to the nonprofit Aspen Institute for a center dedicated to Bayer that will be located on the Institute's Aspen Meadows campus, which Bayer designed. The facility, the Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies, is to have galleries, educational programs, and an overall aim to provide tools for the preservation and study of Bayer's work.[9]

Herbert Bayer was the architect for the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, in Fort Worth, Texas. The institution moved to its new location designed by architect Tadao Ando in 2002. The building, owned by the City of Fort Worth, is now the Fort Worth Community Arts Center, which features seven galleries highlighting regional and national artists.

Fonts designed

Decorations and awards

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Oral history interview with Herbert Bayer, 1981 Oct. 3". Oral History interview. Archives of American Art. 2011. Retrieved 30 Jun 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Oral history interview with Herbert Bayer, 1981 Nov. 3-1982 Mar. 10". Oral History interview. Archives of American Art. 2011. Retrieved 30 Jun 2011.
  3. ^ Berning, Bianca. "Language As Design Criteria? Part II". Alphabettes. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
  4. ^ Bayer, Herbert (1936). "Towards a Universal Type". Industrial Arts: 238–244. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  5. ^ "Irene Bayer". www.bauhaus100.com. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  6. ^ "Irene Bayer-Hecht | Object:Photo | MoMA". www.moma.org. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  7. ^ "Herbert Bayer". Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in New York City, 1792-1989. Ancestry.com. Retrieved May 28, 2011.(subscription required)
  8. ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
  9. ^ Sophie Haigney (August 3, 2019), Aspen Institute Center Devoted to Bauhaus Artist to Open in 2022 The New York Times.
  10. ^ McNeil, Paul (November 9, 2017). The Visual History of Type (print). London: Laurence King. p. 280–281. ISBN 9781780679761. OCLC 1004655550.
  11. ^ Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983, ISBN 0-7137-1347-X, p18.
  12. ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 463. Retrieved 20 December 2012.

General references

  • Cohen, Arthur A. (1984). Herbert Bayer: The Complete Work. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-53075-0. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  • Chanzit, Gwen Finkel; Libeskind, Daniel (2005). From Bauhaus to Aspen: Herbert Bayer and Modernist Design in America. Denver, Colorado: Johnson Books. ISBN 978-1-55566-329-2. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  • Lupton, Ellen (2020). Herbert Bayer: Inspiration and Process in Design. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-61689-953-0. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  • Macmillan, Neil (2006). An A-Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11151-4. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  • Herbert Bayer: Kunst Universell. Vienna, Austria: Edition Suppan Fine Arts, 1997

External links

  • herbert bayer
  • Herbert Bayer at the Museum of Modern Art
  • Art Directors Club bio and portrait of Herbert Bayer
  • Herbert Bayer: Bauhaus and Beyond

herbert, bayer, april, 1900, september, 1985, austrian, american, graphic, designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, director, environmental, interior, designer, architect, instrumental, development, atlantic, richfield, company, corporate, collection, until,. Herbert Bayer April 5 1900 September 30 1985 was an Austrian and American graphic designer painter photographer sculptor art director environmental and interior designer and architect He was instrumental in the development of the Atlantic Richfield Company s corporate art collection until his death in 1985 Herbert BayerBorn 1900 04 05 April 5 1900Haag Austria HungaryDied30 September 1985 1985 09 30 aged 85 Montecito California USA NationalityAustrian AmericanEducationWeimar BauhausSpouseIrene Bayer Hecht Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Training and Bauhaus years 1 2 Post Bauhaus years in Germany 1 3 Time in the United States 2 Legacy and influence 3 Fonts designed 4 Decorations and awards 5 See also 6 References 6 1 General references 7 External linksBiography EditTraining and Bauhaus years Edit Herbert Bayer s 1925 experimental universal typeface combined upper and lowercase characters into a single character set Bayer apprenticed under the artist Georg Schmidthammer in Linz Leaving the workshop to study at the Darmstadt Artists Colony he became interested in Walter Gropius s Bauhaus manifesto After Bayer had studied for four years at the Bauhaus 1 under such teachers as Wassily Kandinsky Paul Klee 2 and Laszlo Moholy Nagy Gropius appointed Bayer director of printing and advertising In the spirit of reductive minimalism Bayer developed a crisp visual style and adopted use of all lowercase sans serif typefaces for most Bauhaus publications 3 Bayer is one of several typographers of the period including Kurt Schwitters and Jan Tschichold who experimented with the creation of a simplified more phonetic based alphabet From 1925 to 1930 Bayer designed a geometric sans serif Proposal for a Universal Typeface 1 that existed only as a design and was never actually cast into real type 4 These designs are now issued in digital form as Bayer Universal 2 The design also inspired ITC Bauhaus and Architype Bayer which bears comparison with the stylistically related typeface Architype Schwitters In 1923 Bayer met the photographer Irene Bayer Hecht at the first large Bauhaus exhibit in Weimar They married in 1925 separated in 1928 had a daughter Julia Alexandra in 1929 and divorced in 1944 5 6 Post Bauhaus years in Germany Edit Stadelwand 1936 M T Abraham Foundation In 1928 Bayer left the Bauhaus to become art director of Vogue magazine s Berlin office 1 He remained in Germany far later than most other progressives In 1936 he designed a brochure for the Deutschland Ausstellung an exhibition for tourists in Berlin during the 1936 Olympic Games the brochure celebrated life in Nazi Germany and the authority of Hitler However in 1937 works of Bayer s were included in the Nazi propaganda exhibition Degenerate Art upon which he left Germany Upon fleeing Germany he traveled in Italy 2 Time in the United States Edit In 1944 Bayer married Joella Synara Haweis the daughter of poet and Dada artist Mina Loy The same year he became a U S citizen 7 In 1946 the Bayers relocated Hired by industrialist and visionary Walter Paepcke Bayer moved to Aspen Colorado as Paepcke promoted skiing as a popular sport Bayer s architectural work in the town included co designing the Aspen Institute and restoring the Wheeler Opera House but his production of promotional posters identified skiing with wit excitement and glamour In 1959 he designed his fonetik alfabet a phonetic alphabet for English It was sans serif and without capital letters He had special symbols for the endings ed ory ing and ion as well as the digraphs ch sh and ng An underline indicated the doubling of a consonant in traditional orthography While living in Aspen Bayer had a chance meeting with the eccentric oilman outdoorsman and visionary ecologist Robert O Anderson When Anderson saw the ultra modern Bauhaus inspired home that Bayer had designed amp built in Aspen he walked up to the front door and introduced himself It was the beginning of a lifelong friendship between the two men and instigated Anderson s insatiable passion for enthusiastically collecting contemporary art With Anderson s eventual formation of the Atlantic Richfield Company and as his personal art collection quickly overflowed out of his New Mexico ranch and other homes ARCO soon held the unique distinction of possessing the world s largest corporate art collection under the critical eye and sharp direction of Bayer as ARCO s Art and Design Consultant Overseeing acquisitions for ARCO Plaza the newly built 1972 twin 51 story office towers in Los Angeles that served as the new company s corporate headquarters Bayer was also responsible for the ARCO logo and designing all corporate branding related to the company Prior to the completion of ARCO Plaza Anderson commissioned Bayer to design a monumental sculpture fountain to be installed between the dark green granite towers Originally titled Stairway to Nowhere Anderson laughed citation needed but felt the Shareholders wouldn t see the irony thus he suggested it be named Double Ascension and it still stands between the twin skyscrapers today This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Under Bayer s direction ARCO s art collection grew to nearly 30 000 works nationwide managed by Atlantic Richfield Company Art Collection staff ARCO s collection was eclectic and consisted of an extremely wide range of media amp styles ranging from contemporary and earlier paintings sculpture works on paper including drawings watercolors and signed original lithographs etchings and serigraphs and signed photographs to tribal and ethnic art from many cultures as well as historic prints and artifacts all displayed throughout ARCO s buildings in Los Angeles and several other cities Three years after ARCO was taken over by BP in 2000 that company s then chairman Lord Brown personally ordered ARCO s art collection liquidated It was sold through Christie s and LA Modern Auctions Chromatic Gate sculpture 1991 by Herbert Bayer installed at ARCO Circle at the corner of Cabrillo Boulevard and Puerto Vallarta in Santa Barbara California Bayer made provisions to donate after his death a collection of his works which had been housed in ARCO s conference center in Santa Barbara to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art The works have been loaned previously to the Denver Art Museum He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979 8 Legacy and influence EditBayer s works appear in prominent public and private collections including the MIT List Visual Arts Center Bayer designed the Mill Creek Canyon Earthworks an environmental sculpture located in Kent Washington In 2019 the philanthropists and entrepreneurs Lynda and Stewart Resnick donated 10 million to the nonprofit Aspen Institute for a center dedicated to Bayer that will be located on the Institute s Aspen Meadows campus which Bayer designed The facility the Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies is to have galleries educational programs and an overall aim to provide tools for the preservation and study of Bayer s work 9 Herbert Bayer was the architect for the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth in Fort Worth Texas The institution moved to its new location designed by architect Tadao Ando in 2002 The building owned by the City of Fort Worth is now the Fort Worth Community Arts Center which features seven galleries highlighting regional and national artists Fonts designed EditProposal for a Universal Type 1925 1930 this face existed only as designs Bayer Type Berthold Type Foundry 1933 10 11 Decorations and awards EditCulture Prize of the German Society for Photography Cologne 1969 Inducted into the Hall of Fame by the Art Directors Club 1975 Architecture Forum Upper Austria in Linz Honorary doctorate from the Technical University of Graz 1977 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art 1977 12 Ambassador s Award for Excellence London See also EditList of Austrian artists and architectsReferences Edit a b Oral history interview with Herbert Bayer 1981 Oct 3 Oral History interview Archives of American Art 2011 Retrieved 30 Jun 2011 a b Oral history interview with Herbert Bayer 1981 Nov 3 1982 Mar 10 Oral History interview Archives of American Art 2011 Retrieved 30 Jun 2011 Berning Bianca Language As Design Criteria Part II Alphabettes Retrieved 15 May 2016 Bayer Herbert 1936 Towards a Universal Type Industrial Arts 238 244 Retrieved 17 November 2017 Irene Bayer www bauhaus100 com Retrieved 2019 03 30 Irene Bayer Hecht Object Photo MoMA www moma org Retrieved 2019 03 30 Herbert Bayer Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in New York City 1792 1989 Ancestry com Retrieved May 28 2011 subscription required Book of Members 1780 2010 Chapter B PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved May 28 2011 Sophie Haigney August 3 2019 Aspen Institute Center Devoted to Bauhaus Artist to Open in 2022 The New York Times McNeil Paul November 9 2017 The Visual History of Type print London Laurence King p 280 281 ISBN 9781780679761 OCLC 1004655550 Jaspert W Pincus W Turner Berry and A F Johnson The Encyclopedia of Type Faces Blandford Press Lts 1953 1983 ISBN 0 7137 1347 X p18 Reply to a parliamentary question PDF in German p 463 Retrieved 20 December 2012 General references Edit Cohen Arthur A 1984 Herbert Bayer The Complete Work Cambridge Mass MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 53075 0 Retrieved 23 October 2020 Chanzit Gwen Finkel Libeskind Daniel 2005 From Bauhaus to Aspen Herbert Bayer and Modernist Design in America Denver Colorado Johnson Books ISBN 978 1 55566 329 2 Retrieved 23 October 2020 Lupton Ellen 2020 Herbert Bayer Inspiration and Process in Design Princeton Architectural Press ISBN 978 1 61689 953 0 Retrieved 23 October 2020 Macmillan Neil 2006 An A Z of Type Designers Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 11151 4 Retrieved 23 October 2020 Herbert Bayer Kunst Universell Vienna Austria EditionSuppan Fine Arts 1997External links Editherbert bayer Herbert Bayer at the Museum of Modern Art Art Directors Club bio and portrait of Herbert Bayer Herbert Bayer Bauhaus and Beyond Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Herbert Bayer amp oldid 1135368334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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