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Economy of metropolitan Detroit

August 23, 2023

The metropolitan area surrounding and including Detroit, Michigan, is a ten-county area with a population of over 5.9 million, a workforce of 2.6 million, and about 347,000 businesses.[1] Detroit's six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of about 4.3 million, a workforce of about 2.1 million,[2] and a gross metropolitan product of $200.9 billion.[3] Detroit's urban area has a population of 3.9 million. A 2005 PricewaterhouseCoopers study estimated that Detroit's urban area had a gross domestic product of $203 billion.[4]

Downtown Detroit

About 180,500 people work in downtown Detroit, comprising one-fifth of the city's employment base.[5][6] Metro Detroit has propelled Michigan's national ranking in emerging technology fields such as life sciences, information technology, and advanced manufacturing; Michigan ranks fourth in the U.S. in high tech employment with 568,000 high tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.[7] Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall research and development expenditures in the United States.[8][9] Metro Detroit is the second-largest source of architectural and engineering job opportunities in the U.S.[10] Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world,[11] with the domestic auto industry primarily headquartered in Metro Detroit.[12] As of 2003, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers claimed that new vehicle production, sales, and jobs related to automobile use account for one of every ten jobs in the United States.[13]

In April 2008, metropolitan Detroit's unemployment rate was 6.9 percent; in November 2012, it was 7.9 percent.[2][14] Economic issues include the city of Detroit's unemployment rate at 15.8 percent in April 2012.[2] The suburbs typically have low unemployment. The metropolitan economy began an economic recovery in 2010.[15]

Real estate and corporate location

See also: Architecture of metropolitan Detroit

From the metro area economy, Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for in new corporate facilities and expansions.[16] From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments.[16] Among metro areas with more than one million people, Metro Detroit was fourth in the U.S. from 2007 to 2009 for new corporate facilities and expansions.[17][18] Metro Detroit has one of the nation's largest office markets with 147,880,000 square feet (13,739,000 m2).[19] Major inter-connected office complexes include the 5,500,000 sq ft (510,000 m2) Renaissance Center, the 2,200,000 sq ft (200,000 m2) Southfield Town Center, and the 1,395,000 sq ft (129,600 m2) Cadillac Place joined with the 487,000 sq ft (45,240 m2) Fisher Building in the historic New Center area.

 
Row houses on John R. Street, renovated as condominiums in 2003

The metro area's resilience has kept the state's economy growing in spite of difficulties. From the third quarter of 2006 to the fourth quarter of 2009, Metro Detroit's residential resale housing market struggled, along with the residential real estate trend across the United States creating opportunities for buyers.[20][21] The Case–Shiller index projects Metro Detroit as the nation's third strongest housing market by 2014, attracting interest from international investors.[22] Among the top fifty metropolitan areas, Detroit ranked as the third most affordable in the United States in a Forbes 2011 report.[23] Detroit was among the top five cities in the U.S. for job growth from 2010 to 2012.[24][25][26] A 2011 economic study showed Metro Detroit with the highest share of employment (13.7%) in the technology sectors in the U.S.[27] The state repealed its business tax in 2011 and replaced it with a 6% corporate income tax which substantially reduced taxes on business.[28][29] Michigan became the 24th Right to Work state in the U.S. in 2012.

Metro Detroit is home to highly successful real estate developers. Area suburbs are among the more affluent in the U.S.[30] Some of the newer multimillion-dollar estates in the metro area include those of the Turtle Lake development in Bloomfield Hills by Victor International.[31] There are a full range of retail shopping centers from upscale stores to discount chains. In 2007, Bank of America with regional offices in Troy announced that it would commit $25 billion to community development in Michigan.[32]

The Cool Cities Initiative is an innovative reinvestment strategy for America's northern cities begun by Michigan leaders to rebuild inner cities and downtowns.[33] Immigration continues to play a role in the region's projected growth with the population of Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint (CMSA) estimated to be 6,191,000 by 2025.[citation needed] Cities with existing infrastructure like Detroit are equipped to accommodate future increases in projected U.S. population growth.[34] A 2007 report showed the city of Detroit's average household income at $47,962.[6] Redevelopment of historic buildings is priority for the city.[35]

 
1001 Woodward in Downtown Detroit, redeveloped into high-rise condominiums

OnStar, Ally Financial, Compuware, Quicken Loans, and Blue Cross Blue Shield Association have brought an increased employment base to downtown Detroit. In the decade leading up to 2006, downtown Detroit gained more than $15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors.[6] The Detroit Riverfront conservancy has been able to acquire the $500 M investment for Detroit International Riverfront development through a series of public and private grants to complete the first phase of the five and a half-mile (8.8 km) parkway along the riverfront east from the Hart Plaza and the Renaissance Center to the Belle Isle Bridge with phase II west of Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge.[36] In 2010, Henry Ford Health System and Vanguard Health Systems announced substantial renovations and expansions in New Center and Midtown Detroit.[37][38]

Lifestyles for rising professionals in Detroit reflect those of other major cities. A 2007 study found that Detroit's new downtown residents are predominantly young professionals (57 percent are ages 25–34, 45 percent have bachelor's degrees, 34 percent have a master's or professional degree).[6][39][40] This dynamic is luring many younger residents to the downtown area.[6][40][41] Some are choosing to live in the grandiose mansions of Grosse Pointe in order to be closer to the urban scene.[42] The 365-acre (1.48 km2) river east development is a plan investing billions of dollars in a new mixed use residential, commercial, and retail space for downtown Detroit to serve the people where they work and live. To spearhead the development, Michigan created the William G. Milliken State Park and Harbor downtown along the Detroit International Riverfront. In 2007, downtown Detroit was named among the best big city neighborhoods in which to retire by CNN Money editors.[43] In 2008, Troy, Michigan, ranked as the fourth-most affordable U.S. city with a median household income of 78,800.[44] Oakland County is the fourth wealthiest county in the United States among counties with more than one million people.[30]

Redevelopment of the Fort Shelby Hotel and the Westin Book-Cadillac Hotel has spurred economic growth downtown. Cobo Hall convention and exhibit facility, which hosts the North American International Auto Show, has begun a nearly $300 million renovation to be completed in 2014. Development of Detroit's west river area and its Michigan Central Station are the next important challenges for the city.

Finance

 
View from Campus Martius Park up Woodward Ave., left to right: The First National Building, One Woodward Avenue, the Guardian, The Qube, Greater Penobscot Building, and One Kennedy Square across from the District.

Metro Detroit is among the top five financial centers in the U.S. having all of the Big Four accounting firms.[45] The area's major financial service employers include Quicken Loans, Ally Financial, Ford Motor Credit Company, Bank of America, Comerica, PNC Financial Services, Fifth Third Bank, JP Morgan Chase, GE Capital, TD Auto Finance, Deloitte Touche, KPMG, Ernst & Young, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Baker Tilly, Plante Moran, Robert Half International, and Raymond James.

Financial and investment executives have diverse employment opportunities in metropolitan Detroit. Ally Financial, headquartered at Tower 200 of the Renaissance Center, is among the largest holders of mortgages in the United States. Detroit-based Quicken Loans is the fifth-largest retail home mortgage lender in the U.S. and the largest online. The metropolitan area has a range of venture capital firms which finance business start-ups and acquisitions.[46] General Motors invests its $85 billion pension trust, providing funding to the area.[47][48] Detroit's historic Penobscot Building in the downtown financial district is in the heart of the city's wireless Internet zone and fiber-optic network.

Fifth Third Bank, which maintains its regional headquarters at tower 1000 of the Southfield Town Center, announced a $100 million expansion in the Metro Detroit area in order to take market share from Dallas-based rival Comerica, which also maintains a large presence in Michigan. Fifth Third announced it would create 350 new jobs in the area and open 30 to 40 new branches.[49]

In 2009, Quicken Loans more than doubled its mortgage volume from the previous year to $25 billion, experiencing significant growth in market share.[50] In 2010, Quicken began a new division within the company to provide mortgage services to community banks nationwide.[51] In 2011, Quicken Loans relocated its headquarters to downtown Detroit, consolidating about 4,000 of its suburban employees in a move considered to be a high importance to city planners to reestablish the historic downtown.[52][53][54] In 2011, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan consolidated 6,000 of its employees in downtown Detroit, relocating 3,000 to Tower 500 and 600 of the Renaissance Center from Southfield.[55]

Information technology

Metro Detroit accounts for the State's national ranking in emerging technology fields such as life sciences, information technology, and advanced manufacturing; Metro Detroit's technology sector is fifth in the U.S. for total employment and fourth in the percent of employment concentrated within the sector.[10] In 2010, the Detroit area became the fastest growing region in the U.S. for high technology jobs.[56] Downtown Detroit maintains a wireless Internet zone and has seen an influx of information technology jobs.[57] A report by the Silicon Valley based TechNet group found Michigan to be the leading state for stimulating demand for broadband, positioning it during the early 2000s.[58] The Michigan Information Technology Center provides education, support services, and conferencing facilities for the region's information technology companies.[59] The metro area is home to high tech business incubators such as the Michigan Security Network, a consortium which coordinates business growth of cybersecurity, biodefense, and border security sectors.[60][61]

Some of the metro area's information technology and software companies with a major presence or headquarters include Compuware, HP Enterprise Services, IBM, Google, General Electric, Unisys, Fiserv, Covansys, and ProQuest. HP Enterprise Services makes Metro Detroit its regional headquarters and one of its largest global employment locations. On June 26, 2009, General Electric announced that it will create software at a new advanced manufacturing and technology center in Van Buren Township.[62][63] Comcast and Verizon maintain a large presence in the area. OnStar, based in the Renaissance Center is also a source of growth. Chrysler's largest corporate facility is its U.S. headquarters and technology center in the Detroit suburb of Auburn Hills. VisionIT and Kelly IT Resources are other large employers headquartered in the metro area filling a wide range of needs. Five of the world's twenty largest employers began in Metro Detroit.[64]

On June 30, 2015, Quicken Loans announced the opening of its new state-of-the-art, 66,000-square-foot Technical Center in Corktown. The new facility will feature two 10,000-square-foot server rooms in addition to training, office, meeting, and technical support space. Half of the data center including one server room will be occupied by the Quicken Loans' technology team. An equal-sized 33,000 square foot portion of the building, including the second 10,000 square-foot server room, is available for lease.[65][66]

Higher education and research

See also: Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems; University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index; United States Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center; University Research Corridor; and Center for Automotive Research
 
The Lawyers Club at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor

Metro Detroit has diversified its economic base though initiatives in emerging technologies. Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall Research & development (R&D) expenditures in the United States.[8][9] In 2011, Detroit received the first U.S. Patent and Trademark Office outside the Washington, D.C. area.[67] Metro area universities provide a source of top talent for the region. The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor is one of the world's leading research institutions and is among the highly ranked institutions in the U.S. The University of Michigan schools of engineering, medicine, business, and law are consistently among the top-ranked in the United States.[68][69][70][71] In 2002, the state constructed the NextEnergy Center just north of Wayne State University to focus on fuel cell development and alternative energy.

The area is home to many post-secondary institutions of higher learning and research, including: Baker College, Carnegie Institute, Cleary University, Cranbrook Educational Community, Eastern Michigan University, Lawrence Technological University, Oakland University, Thomas M Cooley Law School-Rochester, Walsh College, Rochester College, Madonna University, Marygrove College, University of Detroit Mercy, the University of Michigan, and Wayne State University.

On the Canadian side of the border, Windsor's two post-secondary institutions have partnered with auto makers to open high tech research and training facilities. The University of Windsor is home to the University of Windsor/DaimlerChrysler Canada Automotive Research and Development Centre. St. Clair College has the Ford Centre for Excellence in Manufacturing.[72][73]

Health care and biomedical

See also: Michigan Life Sciences Corridor

Metro Detroit area is one of the leading health care economies in the U.S. according to a 2003 study measuring health care industry components, with the region's hospital sector ranking fourth in the nation.[74] A 2006 economic impact report showed that the metropolitan region supported 245,379 direct health care jobs with an additional 120,408 indirect and induced jobs.[75] Major health system networks in the region include the University of Michigan, Henry Ford, Beaumont, Detroit Medical Center, St. John, Oakwood, St. Joseph, Karmanos Cancer Center, and the John D. Dingell and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.

Beginning in 2010, Oakland University in Rochester opened Michigan's fourth medical school in a partnership with Beaumont Hospitals. The school will boost the region's economy with jobs in the life sciences, research, clinical trials, and doctors[76] Wayne State University in Detroit has the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the nation's fourth largest medical school overall.[77] Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30, 2010, as a for-profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 billion in the Detroit Medical Center complex which will include $417 million to retire debts, at least $350 million in capital expenditures and an additional $500 M for new capital investment.[38][78]

In January 2009, the University of Michigan established the North Campus Research Complex through its purchase of the former Pfizer research facility with 30 buildings on 174 acres (0.70 km2) in Ann Arbor in order to create about 2,000 jobs through establishing commercial partnerships.[79] The Community Foundation of Southeast Michigan administers $100 M of private foundation grants for the regions New Economy Initiative to spur investment in a variety of metro area projects.[80] A BioEnterprise Midwest Healthcare Venture report found that the Detroit - Ann Arbor region attracted $312 M in new biotechnology venture capital investments from 2006 to 2009.[81][82]

In 2012, two major construction projects were begun in New Center, the Henry Ford Health System started the first phase of its South Campus site, a $500 million, 300-acre revitalization project, with the construction of a new $30 million, 275,000-square-foot, Medical Distribution Center for Cardinal Health, Inc.[83][84] and Wayne State University started construction on a new $93 million, 207,000-square-foot, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio).[85][86] As many as 500 researchers, and staff will work out of the IBio Center.[87]

Manufacturing and industry

Top publicly traded
companies in Metro Detroit
according to revenues
with metro and U.S. rankings
Metro
rank		 Corporation US
rank
1 General Motors 6
2 Ford 7
3 Dow 38
4 Aptiv 121
5 Ally 147
6 TRW Automotive 169
7 Lear 195
8 Penske Automotive 225
9 Masco 277
10 Visteon 282
11 DTE Energy 285
12 Meritor 346
13 CMS Energy 369
14 Autoliv 376
15 Pulte Homes 393
16 Kelly Services 437
17 BorgWarner 453
18 Cooper Standard 814
19 Valassis 809
20 Affinia Group 853
21 American Axle 874
Source: Fortune [88]
See also: List of Michigan companies
 
Ford Dearborn Proving Ground (DPG), completed major reconstruction and renovations in 2006.

As the world's traditional automotive center, Metro Detroit is headquarters to America's "Big Three" automakers, General Motors, Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler.[11][89][90] Virtually every major global automaker has a presence in the area including technology and design centers. Oakland County's "Automation Alley" has over 1,800 of world's advanced technology companies with Metro Detroit ranking fifth in the U.S. in technology sector employment.[10][91][92] There are about 4,000 factories in the area.[93] The automotive headquarters for the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is in the suburb of Troy. OnStar and Ally Financial are a source for growth.

In spite of foreign competition for market share, Detroit's automakers have continued to gain volume from previous decades with the expansion of the American and global automotive markets. Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,[94] In 2008, an economic and financial crisis impacted global auto industry sales. For 2010, the domestic automakers reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.[95][96][97][98][99][57] The sales revenue from just one of Detroit's automakers exceeds the combined total for all of the top companies in many major U.S. cities. A Center for Automotive Research (CAR) study estimated that tax revenue generated by the automotive industry in the United States for a single year, 2010, amounted to $91.5 billion in state and local tax revenue and additional $43 billion in federal tax revenue.[100]

 
The Renaissance Center is the headquarters of General Motors.

The area includes a variety of manufacturers and is an important component of U.S. national security.[101] United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command (TACOM) is headquartered in Metro Detroit together with Selfridge Air National Guard Base. The region has important defense contractors such as General Dynamics. The area is home to Rofin-Sinar, a leading maker of lasers which are used for industrial processes. Advanced robotics is another important segment in the metro area. On June 27, 2009, General Electric announced plans to build a new $100 M center for advanced manufacturing technology and software, in Van Buren Township in Wayne County, expected to employ 1,200 people providing a pay range of $100,000 per year.[62][63] Dow Chemical is a significant company in the metro region. The metro region's large energy producers include DTE and CMS.

 
Labor force distribution in Detroit by category:
  Construction
  Manufacturing
  Trade, transportation, utilities
  Information
  Finance
  Professional and business services
  Education and health services
  Leisure and hospitality
  Other services
  Government

With its major port status, the city's infrastructure accommodates heavy industry. Marathon Oil Company maintains a large refinery in Detroit, expanded to refine oil sands from Canada.[102] Lafarge's cement distribution facility constructed at the city's Springwells Industrial Park in 2005 includes North America's largest cement silo.[103]

Detroit's automakers are building vehicles like the Chevrolet Volt flex fuel hybrid and Buick LaCrosse e-assist hybrid. In 2006, Ford announced a dramatic increase in production of its hybrid gas-electric models,[104] Ford and GM have also promoted E-85 ethanol capable flexible-fuel vehicles as a viable alternative to gasoline. General Motors has invested heavily in all fuel cell-equipped vehicles,[105] while Chrysler is focusing much of its research and development into biodiesel.[106] Two days after the September 11, 2001, attacks, GM announced it had developed the world's most powerful fuel cell stack capable of powering large commercial vehicles.[107] In 2002, the state of Michigan established NextEnergy, a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to enable commercialization of various energy technologies, especially hydrogen fuel cells. Its main complex is located north of Wayne State University. In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries which are expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.[108]

On quality, Cadillac outscored all other luxury automakers in two of three quality surveys by AutoPacific, Strategic Vision, and J.D. Power in 2003.[109] Ford led all other automakers in the 2007 J.D. Initial Quality survey.[110]

Trade

The Greater Detroit Foreign Trade Zone (GDFTZ) was created in 1981 through the U.S. Department of Commerce to allow for the reduction of taxes across borders and to attract, retain and facilitate international trade[111] In 2011, Metro Detroit ranked as the fourth largest export market in the United States.[112] Infrastructure is an important component in the metro area economy. Detroit has an extensive toll-free expressway system which, together with its status as a major port city, provide advantages to its location as a global business center.[92] There are no toll roads in Michigan.[113]

Metro Detroit is the country's number-one exporting region and busiest commercial port.[91] Detroit is at the center of the Great Lakes Megalopolis. The Ambassador Bridge is the busiest commercial border crossing in North America, carrying 27 percent of the total trade between the U.S. and Canada.[114] More than fifteen million people and ten million vehicles cross the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel annually.[115] A 2004 Border Transportation Partnership study showed that 150,000 jobs in the Detroit-Windsor region and $13 billion in annual production depend on Detroit's international border crossing.[116][117] The Detroit River International Crossing project calls for a second bridge to be built across the Detroit River to facilitate increased trade and ease of travel.

Many people commute across the Detroit-Windsor international border daily. Professions identified in the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement which began in 1988 are permitted TN Visas for legal work in the United States and Canada, creating freedom of labor movement. TN status is recognized in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which began in 1994. As an example, a large number of nurses in Detroit hospitals also live in Windsor. The 710-mile (1,140 km) Quebec City–Windsor Corridor contains over 18 million people, with 51 percent of the Canadian population and three out of the four largest metropolitan areas in Canada, according to the 2001 Census. Headquartered in Detroit, the international law firm of Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone P.L.C., is one of the largest in the United States. Metro area business leaders belong to the Detroit Economic Club, headquartered at 211 West Fort Street. The U.S. dollar is readily accepted as currency in Windsor.

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in metropolitan Detroit
 
The Ambassador Bridge, a suspension bridge that connects Detroit with Windsor, Ontario, in Canada. It is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume.

Metro Detroit offers a comprehensive system of transit services for the central city and region. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) administers the advanced network of freeways in metropolitan Detroit and Michigan. The region offers mass transit with bus services provided jointly by the Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT) and the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) through a cooperative service and fare agreement. Cross border service between the downtown areas of Windsor and Detroit is provided by Transit Windsor via the Tunnel Bus.[118] A monorail system, known as the People Mover, operates daily through a 2.9 mile (4.6 km) loop in the downtown area.[119] Amtrak provides service to Detroit, operating its Wolverine service between Chicago, Illinois, and Pontiac. Greyhound Bus provides nationwide service to Detroit with its station on Howard Street near Michigan Avenue. A proposed SEMCOG Commuter Rail service could link Ann Arbor, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Ypsilanti, The Henry Ford, Dearborn, and Detroit's New Center Amtrak station.[120]

 
Aerial of Detroit Metro Airport (DTW), one of the largest air traffic hubs in the US

As a major U.S. port, Detroit is an important center for transportation & logistics employment including its aviation, rail, truck, and ship docking facilities. Detroit maintains a cruise ship dock and passenger terminal on Hart Plaza adjacent to the Renaissance Center. Commercial vessels dock at Michigan's 38 deep water ports which provide access to the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.[121] Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) is one of America's largest and most recently modernized facilities, with six major runways, Boeing 747 maintenance facilities, and an attached Westin Hotel and Conference Center. Located in nearby Romulus, DTW is metro Detroit's principal airport and is a hub for Delta Air Lines and Spirit Airlines. Bishop International Airport in Flint and Toledo Express Airport in Toledo, Ohio, are other commercial passenger airports. Coleman A. Young International Airport (DET), commonly called Detroit City Airport, is on Detroit's northeast side, and offers charter service.[122] Willow Run Airport in Ypsilanti is for commercial aviation. One economic development strategy proposed is an Aerotropolis, a concept utilizing Detroit Metropolitan Airport as a central business district.[123] Detroit Renaissance, now known as Business Leaders for Michigan, announced an eleven-point strategy to transform the region's economy which includes development of the Aerotropolis.[124]

The U.S. Department of Transportation has awarded $244 M in grants for high-speed rail upgrades between Chicago and Detroit.[125] A consortium of investors including the Canadian Pacific Railway has proposed a new larger rail tunnel to accommodate large double stacked freight cars under the Detroit River which could open in 2015.[126] With the new tunnel potentially emerging near the Michigan Central Station, a redeveloped station could play a role as a trade inspection facility.[127]

Tourism

Tourism in metropolitan Detroit is an important economic factor, comprising nine percent of the area's two million jobs.[128] About 15.9 million people visit the area annually spending an estimated $4.8 B.[129][130] Besides casino gaming, the region's leading attraction is The Henry Ford, America's largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.[131][132] The Detroit International Riverfront links the Renaissance Center to a series of venues, parks, restaurants, and hotels by a riverfront walkway.

The region hosts large multi-day events with crowds of hundreds of thousands to over three million people for annual events such as the Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, the North American International Auto Show, and the Motown Winter Blast on Campus Martius Park. The city's Midtown and New Center areas anchored by Wayne State University attract millions of visitors each year to its museums and cultural centers; for example, the Detroit Festival of the Arts in Midtown draws about 350,000 people.[133] Mall developers consider the metro area's Somerset Collection to be among the nation's top privately held mall properties with 2004 gross annual sales of about $600 M and sales per square foot at $620 compared to the national average of $341.[134]

The area has hosted several major sporting events such as Super Bowl XL; in fact, Detroit is the only northern city to have hosted two Super Bowls. Ford Field hosted the 2009 NCAA Final Four; in April 2007 it hosted WrestleMania 23. Major League Baseball's 2005 All-Star Game was held at Comerica Park, as were 2006 World Series games due to the Detroit Tigers success. Metro Detroit is one of thirteen U.S. cities with teams from four major sports.

The area's 24,000-acre (97 km2) network of Huron-Clinton Metroparks receives about nine million visitors annually.[135] About 5.9 million people live in the Detroit–Windsor region, making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in North America. An estimated 46 million people live within a 300-mile (480 km) radius of Metro Detroit.[136][137] Thus, the metro area has many opportunities for growth in tourism with great potential for development and expansion. The region's abundance of natural lakes and coastal landscape present investment potential for beachfront resorts and luxury high rise condominiums. In addition, there is the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge which is the only international wildlife preserve in North America, uniquely located in the heart of a major metropolitan area. The refuge includes islands, coastal wetlands, marshes, shoals, and waterfront lands along 48 miles (77 km) of the Detroit River and Western Lake Erie shoreline.

The city of Detroit functions as an entertainment hub for the entire region,[137] as casino resorts, major sports venues, and theatre district increase development prospects for new retail. Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resort hotels.[138] The MGM Grand Detroit (2007), Motor City Casino (2008), Caesars Windsor (2007), and Hollywood Casino (2008) comprise the regions four major casino resorts.

Movie studios in metro area help to establish the state as a legitimate contender in the 12-month-a-year film business.[139] Motown Motion Picture Studios (2009) with 535,000 square feet (49,700 m2) will produce movies at the Pontiac Centerpoint Business Campus for a film industry expected to employ over 4,000 people in the metro area.[140]

Retail

See also: List of shopping malls in Michigan
 
Merchant's row on lower Woodward Avenue

Metro Detroit has many chain retailers and super regional shopping malls, in both upscale and outlet style venues, which, in addition to the "land" malls of Southland Center in Taylor, Eastland Center in Harper Woods, and Westland Center in Westland (Southfield's Northland Center closed in 2015), are located throughout other suburban municipalities such as Troy, Novi, Auburn Hills, Sterling Heights, and Dearborn.[141] In the 2000s, some older malls closed, while some inner-ring suburban malls have been remodeled. Others have a new role with "big box" establishments. During the same decade, upscale lifestyle centers appeared in Detroit suburbs, most nobably The Mall at Partridge Creek in Clinton Township.[142] Several suburban municipalities, including Birmingham, Royal Oak, Rochester, and Grosse Pointe, contain their own street-side shopping districts.

 
Merchant's row along Monroe Street, Greektown Historic District

Many local merchants and restaurants are located within the Detroit city-limits including Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District, Greektown Historic District, the Renaissance Center, and those in the Eastern Market Historic District; however, the city of Detroit has few big chain retailers.[143][144] A 2007 Selzer and Co. poll found that nearly two-thirds of suburban residents said they occasionally dine and attend cultural or professional sporting events in downtown Detroit.[145] The Fairlane Town Center, a super-regional shopping mall in Dearborn, is about 15 minutes from downtown Detroit.

A 2007 Social Compact report showed that city of Detroit residents spend about $1.7 B annually in the suburbs for retail goods and services.[6][39][146] As of 2009, "big box" super-centers had yet to open stores within the city limits of Detroit.[147] In August 2009, the Meijer chain of super-centers announced it would open its first store within the city limits at the $90M Gateway Marketplace.[148] In April 2009, developers announced they had leased 60 percent of the retail space for a planned $90 M open-air mall, the Gateway Marketplace, to be located within the city-limits of Detroit.[148][149] Gateway Marketplace opened in June 2013. Meijer then opened another store in the Old Redford section of the northwest side in 2015.

As of 2009, the city of Detroit has four Starbucks coffee shops, several Tim Hortons coffee shops and three Dunkin' Donuts shops (include one Baskin-Robbins combo outlet), all of which face Michigan based competitors Coffee Beanery and Biggby Coffee.[143] The city's major bookstore is Wayne State University Bookstore, leaving an opening for a major book store chain. New car dealerships have migrated to the suburbs.[143] The decline of chain fast-food outlets within Detroit has closely paralleled that of the city itself, including a notable decline of locations of Yum! Brands-owned restaurants within the city limits to the point that Taco Bell is down to two locations on the city's west side, as well as an additional store in Wayne State University, as of 2019.

Supermarkets and grocery stores

As of 2009, German-based supermarket chain Aldi, which opened Detroit locations in 2001 and 2005, and the Michigan-based Spartan Stores were the grocery chains operating within the city of Detroit.[143][147] In 2011, Whole Foods Market announced a new Midtown location in the city of Detroit.[150][151] This location opened in June 2013 to much fanfare. Many independent grocery stores serve neighborhoods in Detroit; however, a 2009 University of Michigan report estimated that neighborhoods within the city limits of Detroit have sufficient income to sustain from $210 million to $377 million in additional grocery retail spending which has leaked to nearby suburbs and that the city could support up to 1,000,000 square feet (92,900 m2) of additional retail grocery space.[144][152] The report noted that retail grocery traffic tends to stimulate growth of other types of retail and that large retail chains have been slow to realize the growth potential for the city.[152]

As of 2011, according to Martin Manna, the Chaldean American Chamber of Commerce's executive director, 75 of the 84 supermarkets in the Detroit city limits are owned by Chaldean Americans.[153] Metro Foodland in the city is an African American owned business; it is the final remaining black-owned supermarket in Detroit, a majority black city. The owner, James Hooks, said that there always have been few black-owned grocery stores in Detroit. Former employees of Hooks had established two other black-owned stores, and both stores closed.[154] Southwest Detroit has many independent grocery stores.[155] In particular Southwest Detroit has several Hispanic supermarkets, or supermercados, that stock meat, specialty produce, and tortillas.[156]

Media

Main article: Media in Detroit

As the traditional automotive center, the region is a major source for related journalism and business news. Gale publishing and Crain Communications are headquartered in the metro area. The Detroit television market is the thirteenth-largest in the United States;[157] however, these ratings do not include Canadian cable viewers who watch Detroit television stations; cities served by Detroit channels in Ontario include London, Ottawa, and Thunder Bay; many Western Canadians also watch Detroit channels, such as Saskatoon residents[158] These channels include WJBK 2 (Fox), WDIV-TV 4 (NBC), WXYZ-TV 7 (ABC), WMYD 20 (MyNetworkTV), WPXD-TV 31 (Ion Television), WKBD-TV 50 (The CW), WTVS 56 (PBS) and WWJ-TV 62 (CBS). Detroit has the twelfth-largest radio market in the United States,[159] though this ranking does not take into account Canadian audiences.

Movie theaters

As of 2015 there was one movie theater within the Detroit city limits showing first-run films: Bel Air 10 in northeast Detroit. There are some independent theater options: the Detroit Institute of Arts Detroit Film Theatre, the Cinema Detroit in Midtown, and the Redford Theatre in northwest Detroit. The Renaissance Center previously had the first-run theater Ren Cen 4 but it closed in the summer of 2015.[160]

In 2015, there were 49 movie theaters in the Metro Detroit area outside the city of Detroit totaling 522 screens, many of them also showing first-run films and offering stadium seating options, which range from the five-screen Ford Drive-In in Dearborn to decades-old single-screen theaters in communities such as Farmington and Plymouth to the AMC Theatres Forum 30 megaplex in Sterling Heights. Of these, ten are megaplexes with 20 or more screens. These are found in Sterling Heights, Auburn Hills, Clinton, Dearborn, Southfield, Southgate, Brighton and Ypsilanti. Since then, Cinemark Theaters opened a 12-screen location at Southland Center in Taylor in April 2016, Cinemark also offers the Rave Motion Pictures Ann Arbor 20 in Ypsilanti.

IMAX options in Metro Detroit include dedicated theaters at The Henry Ford and the Michigan Science Center as well as in individual auditoriums at several AMC outlets and the aforementioned Rave 20 in Ypsilanti. AMC, Cinemark and Regal Entertainment Group, operators of the United Artists Commerce Stadium 14 just outside Walled Lake, face competition from Michigan-based chains Emagine Entertainment, MJR Digital Cinemas and Phoenix Theaters.

Historic highlights

Further information: History of Detroit

President Franklin Roosevelt referred to America as the "Arsenal of Democracy". Detroit and its automotive industries played a pivotal role in the Allied victory during World War II.[161] With Europe, Asia, and the Pacific islands under siege by the Axis powers, Henry Ford's genius would be turned to mass production for the war effort. Specifically, the B-24 Liberator bomber, still the most produced allied heavy bomber in history, quickly shifted the balance of power. The aviation industry could produce, if everything went all right, one Consolidated Aircraft B-24 Bomber a day at an aircraft plant. Ford would show the world how to produce one B-24 an hour, and at peak production Ford produced 650 per month at Willow Run by 1944. Ford's Willow Run factory broke ground in the April 1941. At the time, it was the largest assembly plant in the world, with over 3,500,000 square feet (330,000 m2). Edsel Ford, Henry Ford's son, under stress, died in the spring of 1943 of stomach cancer, prompting Henry Ford to resume day-to-day control of the Ford Motor Company. Willow Run completed its first B-24 in October 1942, with production increasing substantially by August 1943. Pilots and crew slept on the 1,300 cots waiting to fly the B-24s as they rolled off the assembly line at Ford's Willow Run facility.[162]

Largest employers

See also: List of Michigan companies
Metro Detroit's 25 largest employers[163]
Company/organization Metro location Full-time local
employees 		Classification
Ford Motor Company 1 American Road, Dearborn 95,342 Automotive
General Motors 300 Renaissance Center, Detroit 91,861 Automotive
Stellantis North America 1000 Chrysler Drive, Auburn Hills 72,597 Automotive
Detroit Public Schools 3011 W. Grand Blvd., Detroit 37,329 Education
Rock Ventures 1092 Woodward Ave., Detroit 17,000[164] Financial services
University of Michigan Main Campus, Ann Arbor 16,832 Education and research
University of Michigan Health System 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor 16,551 Health care
U.S. Postal Service 1401 W. Fort St., Detroit 15,385 Postal service
U.S. Government 477 Michigan Ave., Detroit 15,328 Federal government
Henry Ford Health System 1 Ford Place, Detroit 15,139 Health care
St. John Health System 28000 Dequindre, Warren 14,288 Health care
City of Detroit 2 Woodward Ave., Detroit 13,762 City government
Trinity Health 27870 Cabot Dr., Novi 13,012 Health care
Beaumont Hospitals 3601 W. 13 Mile Rd., Royal Oak 15,638 Health care
State of Michigan Cadillac Place, Detroit 11,177 State government
Detroit Medical Center 3800 John R., Detroit 11,003 Health care
Oakwood Healthcare Inc. 1 Parklane Blvd., Dearborn 7,515 Health care
DTE Energy 2000 Second Ave., Detroit 7,188 Energy company
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan 600 E. Lafayette Blvd., Detroit 7,007 Health care
HP Enterprise Services 500 Renaissance Center, Detroit 6,711 Information technology
Comerica 500 Woodard Ave., Detroit 6,169 Financial services
Wayne State University 658 W. Kirby, Detroit 5,046 Education and research
Wayne County 600 Randolph, Detroit 5,091 County government
Visteon 1 Village Center Dr., Van Buren Township 4,497 Automotive
Johnson Controls 49200 Halyard Dr., Plymouth 4,205 Automotive

See also

Notes

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References and further reading

  • Bak, Richard (2001). Detroit Across Three Centuries. Thomson Gale. ISBN 1-58536-001-5.
  • Bak, Richard (2003). Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire. Wiley ISBN 0-471-23487-7
  • Ballard, Charles L. (2006). Michigan's Economic Future: Challenges and Opportunities. Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0-87013-796-4.
  • Ballard, Charles L.; Paul N. Courant & Douglas C. Drake (2003). Michigan at the Millennium. Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0870136682.
  • Cantor, George (2005). Detroit: An Insiders Guide to Michigan. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-03092-2.
  • Davis, Michael W. R. (2007). Detroit's Wartime Industry: Arsenal of Democracy (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-5164-7.
  • Fisher, Dale (2003). Building Michigan: A Tribute to Michigan's Construction Industry. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN 1-891143-24-7.
  • Fisher, Dale (2005). Southeast Michigan: Horizons of Growth. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN 1-891143-25-5.
  • Fisher, Dale (1994). Detroit: Visions of the Eagle. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN 0-9615623-3-1.
  • Gavrilovich, Peter; Bill McGraw (2000). The Detroit Almanac. Detroit Free Press. ISBN 0-937247-34-0.
  • Hyde, Charles K. (2003). Riding the Roller Coaster: History of the Chrysler Corporation. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3091-6.
  • Iacocca, Lee (2007). Where Have All the Leaders Gone. Scribner. ISBN 978-1-4165-3247-7.
  • Poremba, David Lee (2003). Detroit: A Motor City History. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-2435-2.
  • Poremba, David Lee (2001). Detroit in Its World Setting (timeline). Wayne State University. ISBN 0-8143-2870-9.
  • Smith, Michael; Tom Featherstone (2001). Labor in Detroit (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-1896-4.
  • Vlasic, Bill; Bradley A. Stertz (2000). Taken for a Ride: How Daimler-Benz Drove off with Chrysler. William Morrow & Company. ISBN 0-688-17305-5.
  • Woodford, Arthur M. (2001). This is Detroit 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-2914-4.

External links

  • Aerial pictures
  • Business Leaders for Michigan
  • Detroit Metro Convention & Visitors Bureau
  • Detroit Economic Club
  • Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce
  • Detroit Riverfront Conservancy
  • Experience Detroit
  • Guide2Detroit
  • New Center Council
  • NextEnergy

August 23, 2023
economy, metropolitan, detroit, metropolitan, area, surrounding, including, detroit, michigan, county, area, with, population, over, million, workforce, million, about, businesses, detroit, county, metropolitan, statistical, area, population, about, million, w. The metropolitan area surrounding and including Detroit Michigan is a ten county area with a population of over 5 9 million a workforce of 2 6 million and about 347 000 businesses 1 Detroit s six county Metropolitan Statistical Area has a population of about 4 3 million a workforce of about 2 1 million 2 and a gross metropolitan product of 200 9 billion 3 Detroit s urban area has a population of 3 9 million A 2005 PricewaterhouseCoopers study estimated that Detroit s urban area had a gross domestic product of 203 billion 4 Downtown DetroitAbout 180 500 people work in downtown Detroit comprising one fifth of the city s employment base 5 6 Metro Detroit has propelled Michigan s national ranking in emerging technology fields such as life sciences information technology and advanced manufacturing Michigan ranks fourth in the U S in high tech employment with 568 000 high tech workers which includes 70 000 in the automotive industry 7 Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall research and development expenditures in the United States 8 9 Metro Detroit is the second largest source of architectural and engineering job opportunities in the U S 10 Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world 11 with the domestic auto industry primarily headquartered in Metro Detroit 12 As of 2003 the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers claimed that new vehicle production sales and jobs related to automobile use account for one of every ten jobs in the United States 13 In April 2008 metropolitan Detroit s unemployment rate was 6 9 percent in November 2012 it was 7 9 percent 2 14 Economic issues include the city of Detroit s unemployment rate at 15 8 percent in April 2012 2 The suburbs typically have low unemployment The metropolitan economy began an economic recovery in 2010 15 Contents 1 Real estate and corporate location 2 Finance 3 Information technology 4 Higher education and research 5 Health care and biomedical 6 Manufacturing and industry 7 Trade 8 Transportation 9 Tourism 10 Retail 10 1 Supermarkets and grocery stores 11 Media 11 1 Movie theaters 12 Historic highlights 13 Largest employers 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References and further reading 17 External linksReal estate and corporate location EditSee also Architecture of metropolitan Detroit From the metro area economy Michigan was second in the U S in 2004 for in new corporate facilities and expansions 16 From 1997 to 2004 Michigan was the only state to top the 10 000 mark for the number of major new developments 16 Among metro areas with more than one million people Metro Detroit was fourth in the U S from 2007 to 2009 for new corporate facilities and expansions 17 18 Metro Detroit has one of the nation s largest office markets with 147 880 000 square feet 13 739 000 m2 19 Major inter connected office complexes include the 5 500 000 sq ft 510 000 m2 Renaissance Center the 2 200 000 sq ft 200 000 m2 Southfield Town Center and the 1 395 000 sq ft 129 600 m2 Cadillac Place joined with the 487 000 sq ft 45 240 m2 Fisher Building in the historic New Center area Row houses on John R Street renovated as condominiums in 2003The metro area s resilience has kept the state s economy growing in spite of difficulties From the third quarter of 2006 to the fourth quarter of 2009 Metro Detroit s residential resale housing market struggled along with the residential real estate trend across the United States creating opportunities for buyers 20 21 The Case Shiller index projects Metro Detroit as the nation s third strongest housing market by 2014 attracting interest from international investors 22 Among the top fifty metropolitan areas Detroit ranked as the third most affordable in the United States in a Forbes 2011 report 23 Detroit was among the top five cities in the U S for job growth from 2010 to 2012 24 25 26 A 2011 economic study showed Metro Detroit with the highest share of employment 13 7 in the technology sectors in the U S 27 The state repealed its business tax in 2011 and replaced it with a 6 corporate income tax which substantially reduced taxes on business 28 29 Michigan became the 24th Right to Work state in the U S in 2012 Metro Detroit is home to highly successful real estate developers Area suburbs are among the more affluent in the U S 30 Some of the newer multimillion dollar estates in the metro area include those of the Turtle Lake development in Bloomfield Hills by Victor International 31 There are a full range of retail shopping centers from upscale stores to discount chains In 2007 Bank of America with regional offices in Troy announced that it would commit 25 billion to community development in Michigan 32 The Cool Cities Initiative is an innovative reinvestment strategy for America s northern cities begun by Michigan leaders to rebuild inner cities and downtowns 33 Immigration continues to play a role in the region s projected growth with the population of Detroit Ann Arbor Flint CMSA estimated to be 6 191 000 by 2025 citation needed Cities with existing infrastructure like Detroit are equipped to accommodate future increases in projected U S population growth 34 A 2007 report showed the city of Detroit s average household income at 47 962 6 Redevelopment of historic buildings is priority for the city 35 1001 Woodward in Downtown Detroit redeveloped into high rise condominiumsOnStar Ally Financial Compuware Quicken Loans and Blue Cross Blue Shield Association have brought an increased employment base to downtown Detroit In the decade leading up to 2006 downtown Detroit gained more than 15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors 6 The Detroit Riverfront conservancy has been able to acquire the 500 M investment for Detroit International Riverfront development through a series of public and private grants to complete the first phase of the five and a half mile 8 8 km parkway along the riverfront east from the Hart Plaza and the Renaissance Center to the Belle Isle Bridge with phase II west of Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge 36 In 2010 Henry Ford Health System and Vanguard Health Systems announced substantial renovations and expansions in New Center and Midtown Detroit 37 38 Lifestyles for rising professionals in Detroit reflect those of other major cities A 2007 study found that Detroit s new downtown residents are predominantly young professionals 57 percent are ages 25 34 45 percent have bachelor s degrees 34 percent have a master s or professional degree 6 39 40 This dynamic is luring many younger residents to the downtown area 6 40 41 Some are choosing to live in the grandiose mansions of Grosse Pointe in order to be closer to the urban scene 42 The 365 acre 1 48 km2 river east development is a plan investing billions of dollars in a new mixed use residential commercial and retail space for downtown Detroit to serve the people where they work and live To spearhead the development Michigan created the William G Milliken State Park and Harbor downtown along the Detroit International Riverfront In 2007 downtown Detroit was named among the best big city neighborhoods in which to retire by CNN Money editors 43 In 2008 Troy Michigan ranked as the fourth most affordable U S city with a median household income of 78 800 44 Oakland County is the fourth wealthiest county in the United States among counties with more than one million people 30 Redevelopment of the Fort Shelby Hotel and the Westin Book Cadillac Hotel has spurred economic growth downtown Cobo Hall convention and exhibit facility which hosts the North American International Auto Show has begun a nearly 300 million renovation to be completed in 2014 Development of Detroit s west river area and its Michigan Central Station are the next important challenges for the city Finance Edit View from Campus Martius Park up Woodward Ave left to right The First National Building One Woodward Avenue the Guardian The Qube Greater Penobscot Building and One Kennedy Square across from the District Metro Detroit is among the top five financial centers in the U S having all of the Big Four accounting firms 45 The area s major financial service employers include Quicken Loans Ally Financial Ford Motor Credit Company Bank of America Comerica PNC Financial Services Fifth Third Bank JP Morgan Chase GE Capital TD Auto Finance Deloitte Touche KPMG Ernst amp Young PricewaterhouseCoopers Baker Tilly Plante Moran Robert Half International and Raymond James Financial and investment executives have diverse employment opportunities in metropolitan Detroit Ally Financial headquartered at Tower 200 of the Renaissance Center is among the largest holders of mortgages in the United States Detroit based Quicken Loans is the fifth largest retail home mortgage lender in the U S and the largest online The metropolitan area has a range of venture capital firms which finance business start ups and acquisitions 46 General Motors invests its 85 billion pension trust providing funding to the area 47 48 Detroit s historic Penobscot Building in the downtown financial district is in the heart of the city s wireless Internet zone and fiber optic network Fifth Third Bank which maintains its regional headquarters at tower 1000 of the Southfield Town Center announced a 100 million expansion in the Metro Detroit area in order to take market share from Dallas based rival Comerica which also maintains a large presence in Michigan Fifth Third announced it would create 350 new jobs in the area and open 30 to 40 new branches 49 In 2009 Quicken Loans more than doubled its mortgage volume from the previous year to 25 billion experiencing significant growth in market share 50 In 2010 Quicken began a new division within the company to provide mortgage services to community banks nationwide 51 In 2011 Quicken Loans relocated its headquarters to downtown Detroit consolidating about 4 000 of its suburban employees in a move considered to be a high importance to city planners to reestablish the historic downtown 52 53 54 In 2011 Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan consolidated 6 000 of its employees in downtown Detroit relocating 3 000 to Tower 500 and 600 of the Renaissance Center from Southfield 55 Information technology EditMetro Detroit accounts for the State s national ranking in emerging technology fields such as life sciences information technology and advanced manufacturing Metro Detroit s technology sector is fifth in the U S for total employment and fourth in the percent of employment concentrated within the sector 10 In 2010 the Detroit area became the fastest growing region in the U S for high technology jobs 56 Downtown Detroit maintains a wireless Internet zone and has seen an influx of information technology jobs 57 A report by the Silicon Valley based TechNet group found Michigan to be the leading state for stimulating demand for broadband positioning it during the early 2000s 58 The Michigan Information Technology Center provides education support services and conferencing facilities for the region s information technology companies 59 The metro area is home to high tech business incubators such as the Michigan Security Network a consortium which coordinates business growth of cybersecurity biodefense and border security sectors 60 61 Some of the metro area s information technology and software companies with a major presence or headquarters include Compuware HP Enterprise Services IBM Google General Electric Unisys Fiserv Covansys and ProQuest HP Enterprise Services makes Metro Detroit its regional headquarters and one of its largest global employment locations On June 26 2009 General Electric announced that it will create software at a new advanced manufacturing and technology center in Van Buren Township 62 63 Comcast and Verizon maintain a large presence in the area OnStar based in the Renaissance Center is also a source of growth Chrysler s largest corporate facility is its U S headquarters and technology center in the Detroit suburb of Auburn Hills VisionIT and Kelly IT Resources are other large employers headquartered in the metro area filling a wide range of needs Five of the world s twenty largest employers began in Metro Detroit 64 On June 30 2015 Quicken Loans announced the opening of its new state of the art 66 000 square foot Technical Center in Corktown The new facility will feature two 10 000 square foot server rooms in addition to training office meeting and technical support space Half of the data center including one server room will be occupied by the Quicken Loans technology team An equal sized 33 000 square foot portion of the building including the second 10 000 square foot server room is available for lease 65 66 Higher education and research EditSee also Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index United States Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center University Research Corridor and Center for Automotive Research The Lawyers Club at the University of Michigan in Ann ArborMetro Detroit has diversified its economic base though initiatives in emerging technologies Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall Research amp development R amp D expenditures in the United States 8 9 In 2011 Detroit received the first U S Patent and Trademark Office outside the Washington D C area 67 Metro area universities provide a source of top talent for the region The University of Michigan in Ann Arbor is one of the world s leading research institutions and is among the highly ranked institutions in the U S The University of Michigan schools of engineering medicine business and law are consistently among the top ranked in the United States 68 69 70 71 In 2002 the state constructed the NextEnergy Center just north of Wayne State University to focus on fuel cell development and alternative energy The area is home to many post secondary institutions of higher learning and research including Baker College Carnegie Institute Cleary University Cranbrook Educational Community Eastern Michigan University Lawrence Technological University Oakland University Thomas M Cooley Law School Rochester Walsh College Rochester College Madonna University Marygrove College University of Detroit Mercy the University of Michigan and Wayne State University On the Canadian side of the border Windsor s two post secondary institutions have partnered with auto makers to open high tech research and training facilities The University of Windsor is home to the University of Windsor DaimlerChrysler Canada Automotive Research and Development Centre St Clair College has the Ford Centre for Excellence in Manufacturing 72 73 Health care and biomedical EditSee also Michigan Life Sciences Corridor Metro Detroit area is one of the leading health care economies in the U S according to a 2003 study measuring health care industry components with the region s hospital sector ranking fourth in the nation 74 A 2006 economic impact report showed that the metropolitan region supported 245 379 direct health care jobs with an additional 120 408 indirect and induced jobs 75 Major health system networks in the region include the University of Michigan Henry Ford Beaumont Detroit Medical Center St John Oakwood St Joseph Karmanos Cancer Center and the John D Dingell and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Centers Beginning in 2010 Oakland University in Rochester opened Michigan s fourth medical school in a partnership with Beaumont Hospitals The school will boost the region s economy with jobs in the life sciences research clinical trials and doctors 76 Wayne State University in Detroit has the largest single campus medical school in the United States and the nation s fourth largest medical school overall 77 Detroit Medical Center formally became a part of Vanguard Health Systems on December 30 2010 as a for profit corporation Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly 1 5 billion in the Detroit Medical Center complex which will include 417 million to retire debts at least 350 million in capital expenditures and an additional 500 M for new capital investment 38 78 In January 2009 the University of Michigan established the North Campus Research Complex through its purchase of the former Pfizer research facility with 30 buildings on 174 acres 0 70 km2 in Ann Arbor in order to create about 2 000 jobs through establishing commercial partnerships 79 The Community Foundation of Southeast Michigan administers 100 M of private foundation grants for the regions New Economy Initiative to spur investment in a variety of metro area projects 80 A BioEnterprise Midwest Healthcare Venture report found that the Detroit Ann Arbor region attracted 312 M in new biotechnology venture capital investments from 2006 to 2009 81 82 In 2012 two major construction projects were begun in New Center the Henry Ford Health System started the first phase of its South Campus site a 500 million 300 acre revitalization project with the construction of a new 30 million 275 000 square foot Medical Distribution Center for Cardinal Health Inc 83 84 and Wayne State University started construction on a new 93 million 207 000 square foot Integrative Biosciences Center IBio 85 86 As many as 500 researchers and staff will work out of the IBio Center 87 Manufacturing and industry EditTop publicly tradedcompanies in Metro Detroitaccording to revenueswith metro and U S rankingsMetrorank Corporation USrank1 General Motors 62 Ford 73 Dow 384 Aptiv 1215 Ally 1476 TRW Automotive 1697 Lear 1958 Penske Automotive 2259 Masco 27710 Visteon 28211 DTE Energy 28512 Meritor 34613 CMS Energy 36914 Autoliv 37615 Pulte Homes 39316 Kelly Services 43717 BorgWarner 45318 Cooper Standard 81419 Valassis 80920 Affinia Group 85321 American Axle 874Source Fortune 88 See also List of Michigan companies Ford Dearborn Proving Ground DPG completed major reconstruction and renovations in 2006 As the world s traditional automotive center Metro Detroit is headquarters to America s Big Three automakers General Motors Ford Motor Company and Chrysler 11 89 90 Virtually every major global automaker has a presence in the area including technology and design centers Oakland County s Automation Alley has over 1 800 of world s advanced technology companies with Metro Detroit ranking fifth in the U S in technology sector employment 10 91 92 There are about 4 000 factories in the area 93 The automotive headquarters for the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE is in the suburb of Troy OnStar and Ally Financial are a source for growth In spite of foreign competition for market share Detroit s automakers have continued to gain volume from previous decades with the expansion of the American and global automotive markets Manufacturing in the state grew 6 6 from 2001 to 2006 94 In 2008 an economic and financial crisis impacted global auto industry sales For 2010 the domestic automakers reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound 95 96 97 98 99 57 The sales revenue from just one of Detroit s automakers exceeds the combined total for all of the top companies in many major U S cities A Center for Automotive Research CAR study estimated that tax revenue generated by the automotive industry in the United States for a single year 2010 amounted to 91 5 billion in state and local tax revenue and additional 43 billion in federal tax revenue 100 The Renaissance Center is the headquarters of General Motors The area includes a variety of manufacturers and is an important component of U S national security 101 United States Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command TACOM is headquartered in Metro Detroit together with Selfridge Air National Guard Base The region has important defense contractors such as General Dynamics The area is home to Rofin Sinar a leading maker of lasers which are used for industrial processes Advanced robotics is another important segment in the metro area On June 27 2009 General Electric announced plans to build a new 100 M center for advanced manufacturing technology and software in Van Buren Township in Wayne County expected to employ 1 200 people providing a pay range of 100 000 per year 62 63 Dow Chemical is a significant company in the metro region The metro region s large energy producers include DTE and CMS Labor force distribution in Detroit by category Construction Manufacturing Trade transportation utilities Information Finance Professional and business services Education and health services Leisure and hospitality Other services GovernmentWith its major port status the city s infrastructure accommodates heavy industry Marathon Oil Company maintains a large refinery in Detroit expanded to refine oil sands from Canada 102 Lafarge s cement distribution facility constructed at the city s Springwells Industrial Park in 2005 includes North America s largest cement silo 103 Detroit s automakers are building vehicles like the Chevrolet Volt flex fuel hybrid and Buick LaCrosse e assist hybrid In 2006 Ford announced a dramatic increase in production of its hybrid gas electric models 104 Ford and GM have also promoted E 85 ethanol capable flexible fuel vehicles as a viable alternative to gasoline General Motors has invested heavily in all fuel cell equipped vehicles 105 while Chrysler is focusing much of its research and development into biodiesel 106 Two days after the September 11 2001 attacks GM announced it had developed the world s most powerful fuel cell stack capable of powering large commercial vehicles 107 In 2002 the state of Michigan established NextEnergy a non profit corporation whose purpose is to enable commercialization of various energy technologies especially hydrogen fuel cells Its main complex is located north of Wayne State University In August 2009 Michigan and Detroit s auto industry received 1 36 B in grants from the U S Department of Energy for the manufacture of lithium ion batteries which are expected to generate 6 800 immediate jobs and employ 40 000 in the state by 2020 108 On quality Cadillac outscored all other luxury automakers in two of three quality surveys by AutoPacific Strategic Vision and J D Power in 2003 109 Ford led all other automakers in the 2007 J D Initial Quality survey 110 Trade EditThe Greater Detroit Foreign Trade Zone GDFTZ was created in 1981 through the U S Department of Commerce to allow for the reduction of taxes across borders and to attract retain and facilitate international trade 111 In 2011 Metro Detroit ranked as the fourth largest export market in the United States 112 Infrastructure is an important component in the metro area economy Detroit has an extensive toll free expressway system which together with its status as a major port city provide advantages to its location as a global business center 92 There are no toll roads in Michigan 113 Metro Detroit is the country s number one exporting region and busiest commercial port 91 Detroit is at the center of the Great Lakes Megalopolis The Ambassador Bridge is the busiest commercial border crossing in North America carrying 27 percent of the total trade between the U S and Canada 114 More than fifteen million people and ten million vehicles cross the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit Windsor Tunnel annually 115 A 2004 Border Transportation Partnership study showed that 150 000 jobs in the Detroit Windsor region and 13 billion in annual production depend on Detroit s international border crossing 116 117 The Detroit River International Crossing project calls for a second bridge to be built across the Detroit River to facilitate increased trade and ease of travel Many people commute across the Detroit Windsor international border daily Professions identified in the Canada United States Free Trade Agreement which began in 1988 are permitted TN Visas for legal work in the United States and Canada creating freedom of labor movement TN status is recognized in the North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA which began in 1994 As an example a large number of nurses in Detroit hospitals also live in Windsor The 710 mile 1 140 km Quebec City Windsor Corridor contains over 18 million people with 51 percent of the Canadian population and three out of the four largest metropolitan areas in Canada according to the 2001 Census Headquartered in Detroit the international law firm of Miller Canfield Paddock amp Stone P L C is one of the largest in the United States Metro area business leaders belong to the Detroit Economic Club headquartered at 211 West Fort Street The U S dollar is readily accepted as currency in Windsor Transportation EditMain article Transportation in metropolitan Detroit The Ambassador Bridge a suspension bridge that connects Detroit with Windsor Ontario in Canada It is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume Metro Detroit offers a comprehensive system of transit services for the central city and region The Michigan Department of Transportation MDOT administers the advanced network of freeways in metropolitan Detroit and Michigan The region offers mass transit with bus services provided jointly by the Detroit Department of Transportation DDOT and the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation SMART through a cooperative service and fare agreement Cross border service between the downtown areas of Windsor and Detroit is provided by Transit Windsor via the Tunnel Bus 118 A monorail system known as the People Mover operates daily through a 2 9 mile 4 6 km loop in the downtown area 119 Amtrak provides service to Detroit operating its Wolverine service between Chicago Illinois and Pontiac Greyhound Bus provides nationwide service to Detroit with its station on Howard Street near Michigan Avenue A proposed SEMCOG Commuter Rail service could link Ann Arbor Detroit Metropolitan Airport Ypsilanti The Henry Ford Dearborn and Detroit s New Center Amtrak station 120 Aerial of Detroit Metro Airport DTW one of the largest air traffic hubs in the USAs a major U S port Detroit is an important center for transportation amp logistics employment including its aviation rail truck and ship docking facilities Detroit maintains a cruise ship dock and passenger terminal on Hart Plaza adjacent to the Renaissance Center Commercial vessels dock at Michigan s 38 deep water ports which provide access to the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway 121 Detroit Metropolitan Airport DTW is one of America s largest and most recently modernized facilities with six major runways Boeing 747 maintenance facilities and an attached Westin Hotel and Conference Center Located in nearby Romulus DTW is metro Detroit s principal airport and is a hub for Delta Air Lines and Spirit Airlines Bishop International Airport in Flint and Toledo Express Airport in Toledo Ohio are other commercial passenger airports Coleman A Young International Airport DET commonly called Detroit City Airport is on Detroit s northeast side and offers charter service 122 Willow Run Airport in Ypsilanti is for commercial aviation One economic development strategy proposed is an Aerotropolis a concept utilizing Detroit Metropolitan Airport as a central business district 123 Detroit Renaissance now known as Business Leaders for Michigan announced an eleven point strategy to transform the region s economy which includes development of the Aerotropolis 124 The U S Department of Transportation has awarded 244 M in grants for high speed rail upgrades between Chicago and Detroit 125 A consortium of investors including the Canadian Pacific Railway has proposed a new larger rail tunnel to accommodate large double stacked freight cars under the Detroit River which could open in 2015 126 With the new tunnel potentially emerging near the Michigan Central Station a redeveloped station could play a role as a trade inspection facility 127 Tourism EditTourism in metropolitan Detroit is an important economic factor comprising nine percent of the area s two million jobs 128 About 15 9 million people visit the area annually spending an estimated 4 8 B 129 130 Besides casino gaming the region s leading attraction is The Henry Ford America s largest indoor outdoor museum complex 131 132 The Detroit International Riverfront links the Renaissance Center to a series of venues parks restaurants and hotels by a riverfront walkway The region hosts large multi day events with crowds of hundreds of thousands to over three million people for annual events such as the Windsor Detroit International Freedom Festival the North American International Auto Show and the Motown Winter Blast on Campus Martius Park The city s Midtown and New Center areas anchored by Wayne State University attract millions of visitors each year to its museums and cultural centers for example the Detroit Festival of the Arts in Midtown draws about 350 000 people 133 Mall developers consider the metro area s Somerset Collection to be among the nation s top privately held mall properties with 2004 gross annual sales of about 600 M and sales per square foot at 620 compared to the national average of 341 134 The area has hosted several major sporting events such as Super Bowl XL in fact Detroit is the only northern city to have hosted two Super Bowls Ford Field hosted the 2009 NCAA Final Four in April 2007 it hosted WrestleMania 23 Major League Baseball s 2005 All Star Game was held at Comerica Park as were 2006 World Series games due to the Detroit Tigers success Metro Detroit is one of thirteen U S cities with teams from four major sports The area s 24 000 acre 97 km2 network of Huron Clinton Metroparks receives about nine million visitors annually 135 About 5 9 million people live in the Detroit Windsor region making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in North America An estimated 46 million people live within a 300 mile 480 km radius of Metro Detroit 136 137 Thus the metro area has many opportunities for growth in tourism with great potential for development and expansion The region s abundance of natural lakes and coastal landscape present investment potential for beachfront resorts and luxury high rise condominiums In addition there is the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge which is the only international wildlife preserve in North America uniquely located in the heart of a major metropolitan area The refuge includes islands coastal wetlands marshes shoals and waterfront lands along 48 miles 77 km of the Detroit River and Western Lake Erie shoreline The city of Detroit functions as an entertainment hub for the entire region 137 as casino resorts major sports venues and theatre district increase development prospects for new retail Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resort hotels 138 The MGM Grand Detroit 2007 Motor City Casino 2008 Caesars Windsor 2007 and Hollywood Casino 2008 comprise the regions four major casino resorts Movie studios in metro area help to establish the state as a legitimate contender in the 12 month a year film business 139 Motown Motion Picture Studios 2009 with 535 000 square feet 49 700 m2 will produce movies at the Pontiac Centerpoint Business Campus for a film industry expected to employ over 4 000 people in the metro area 140 Retail EditSee also List of shopping malls in Michigan Merchant s row on lower Woodward AvenueMetro Detroit has many chain retailers and super regional shopping malls in both upscale and outlet style venues which in addition to the land malls of Southland Center in Taylor Eastland Center in Harper Woods and Westland Center in Westland Southfield s Northland Center closed in 2015 are located throughout other suburban municipalities such as Troy Novi Auburn Hills Sterling Heights and Dearborn 141 In the 2000s some older malls closed while some inner ring suburban malls have been remodeled Others have a new role with big box establishments During the same decade upscale lifestyle centers appeared in Detroit suburbs most nobably The Mall at Partridge Creek in Clinton Township 142 Several suburban municipalities including Birmingham Royal Oak Rochester and Grosse Pointe contain their own street side shopping districts Merchant s row along Monroe Street Greektown Historic DistrictMany local merchants and restaurants are located within the Detroit city limits including Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District Greektown Historic District the Renaissance Center and those in the Eastern Market Historic District however the city of Detroit has few big chain retailers 143 144 A 2007 Selzer and Co poll found that nearly two thirds of suburban residents said they occasionally dine and attend cultural or professional sporting events in downtown Detroit 145 The Fairlane Town Center a super regional shopping mall in Dearborn is about 15 minutes from downtown Detroit A 2007 Social Compact report showed that city of Detroit residents spend about 1 7 B annually in the suburbs for retail goods and services 6 39 146 As of 2009 big box super centers had yet to open stores within the city limits of Detroit 147 In August 2009 the Meijer chain of super centers announced it would open its first store within the city limits at the 90M Gateway Marketplace 148 In April 2009 developers announced they had leased 60 percent of the retail space for a planned 90 M open air mall the Gateway Marketplace to be located within the city limits of Detroit 148 149 Gateway Marketplace opened in June 2013 Meijer then opened another store in the Old Redford section of the northwest side in 2015 As of 2009 the city of Detroit has four Starbucks coffee shops several Tim Hortons coffee shops and three Dunkin Donuts shops include one Baskin Robbins combo outlet all of which face Michigan based competitors Coffee Beanery and Biggby Coffee 143 The city s major bookstore is Wayne State University Bookstore leaving an opening for a major book store chain New car dealerships have migrated to the suburbs 143 The decline of chain fast food outlets within Detroit has closely paralleled that of the city itself including a notable decline of locations of Yum Brands owned restaurants within the city limits to the point that Taco Bell is down to two locations on the city s west side as well as an additional store in Wayne State University as of 2019 Supermarkets and grocery stores Edit As of 2009 German based supermarket chain Aldi which opened Detroit locations in 2001 and 2005 and the Michigan based Spartan Stores were the grocery chains operating within the city of Detroit 143 147 In 2011 Whole Foods Market announced a new Midtown location in the city of Detroit 150 151 This location opened in June 2013 to much fanfare Many independent grocery stores serve neighborhoods in Detroit however a 2009 University of Michigan report estimated that neighborhoods within the city limits of Detroit have sufficient income to sustain from 210 million to 377 million in additional grocery retail spending which has leaked to nearby suburbs and that the city could support up to 1 000 000 square feet 92 900 m2 of additional retail grocery space 144 152 The report noted that retail grocery traffic tends to stimulate growth of other types of retail and that large retail chains have been slow to realize the growth potential for the city 152 As of 2011 according to Martin Manna the Chaldean American Chamber of Commerce s executive director 75 of the 84 supermarkets in the Detroit city limits are owned by Chaldean Americans 153 Metro Foodland in the city is an African American owned business it is the final remaining black owned supermarket in Detroit a majority black city The owner James Hooks said that there always have been few black owned grocery stores in Detroit Former employees of Hooks had established two other black owned stores and both stores closed 154 Southwest Detroit has many independent grocery stores 155 In particular Southwest Detroit has several Hispanic supermarkets or supermercados that stock meat specialty produce and tortillas 156 Media EditMain article Media in Detroit As the traditional automotive center the region is a major source for related journalism and business news Gale publishing and Crain Communications are headquartered in the metro area The Detroit television market is the thirteenth largest in the United States 157 however these ratings do not include Canadian cable viewers who watch Detroit television stations cities served by Detroit channels in Ontario include London Ottawa and Thunder Bay many Western Canadians also watch Detroit channels such as Saskatoon residents 158 These channels include WJBK 2 Fox WDIV TV 4 NBC WXYZ TV 7 ABC WMYD 20 MyNetworkTV WPXD TV 31 Ion Television WKBD TV 50 The CW WTVS 56 PBS and WWJ TV 62 CBS Detroit has the twelfth largest radio market in the United States 159 though this ranking does not take into account Canadian audiences Movie theaters Edit As of 2015 there was one movie theater within the Detroit city limits showing first run films Bel Air 10 in northeast Detroit There are some independent theater options the Detroit Institute of Arts Detroit Film Theatre the Cinema Detroit in Midtown and the Redford Theatre in northwest Detroit The Renaissance Center previously had the first run theater Ren Cen 4 but it closed in the summer of 2015 160 In 2015 there were 49 movie theaters in the Metro Detroit area outside the city of Detroit totaling 522 screens many of them also showing first run films and offering stadium seating options which range from the five screen Ford Drive In in Dearborn to decades old single screen theaters in communities such as Farmington and Plymouth to the AMC Theatres Forum 30 megaplex in Sterling Heights Of these ten are megaplexes with 20 or more screens These are found in Sterling Heights Auburn Hills Clinton Dearborn Southfield Southgate Brighton and Ypsilanti Since then Cinemark Theaters opened a 12 screen location at Southland Center in Taylor in April 2016 Cinemark also offers the Rave Motion Pictures Ann Arbor 20 in Ypsilanti IMAX options in Metro Detroit include dedicated theaters at The Henry Ford and the Michigan Science Center as well as in individual auditoriums at several AMC outlets and the aforementioned Rave 20 in Ypsilanti AMC Cinemark and Regal Entertainment Group operators of the United Artists Commerce Stadium 14 just outside Walled Lake face competition from Michigan based chains Emagine Entertainment MJR Digital Cinemas and Phoenix Theaters Historic highlights EditFurther information History of Detroit President Franklin Roosevelt referred to America as the Arsenal of Democracy Detroit and its automotive industries played a pivotal role in the Allied victory during World War II 161 With Europe Asia and the Pacific islands under siege by the Axis powers Henry Ford s genius would be turned to mass production for the war effort Specifically the B 24 Liberator bomber still the most produced allied heavy bomber in history quickly shifted the balance of power The aviation industry could produce if everything went all right one Consolidated Aircraft B 24 Bomber a day at an aircraft plant Ford would show the world how to produce one B 24 an hour and at peak production Ford produced 650 per month at Willow Run by 1944 Ford s Willow Run factory broke ground in the April 1941 At the time it was the largest assembly plant in the world with over 3 500 000 square feet 330 000 m2 Edsel Ford Henry Ford s son under stress died in the spring of 1943 of stomach cancer prompting Henry Ford to resume day to day control of the Ford Motor Company Willow Run completed its first B 24 in October 1942 with production increasing substantially by August 1943 Pilots and crew slept on the 1 300 cots waiting to fly the B 24s as they rolled off the assembly line at Ford s Willow Run facility 162 Largest employers EditSee also List of Michigan companies Metro Detroit s 25 largest employers 163 Company organization Metro location Full time localemployees ClassificationFord Motor Company 1 American Road Dearborn 95 342 AutomotiveGeneral Motors 300 Renaissance Center Detroit 91 861 AutomotiveStellantis North America 1000 Chrysler Drive Auburn Hills 72 597 AutomotiveDetroit Public Schools 3011 W Grand Blvd Detroit 37 329 EducationRock Ventures 1092 Woodward Ave Detroit 17 000 164 Financial servicesUniversity of Michigan Main Campus Ann Arbor 16 832 Education and researchUniversity of Michigan Health System 1500 E Medical Center Dr Ann Arbor 16 551 Health careU S Postal Service 1401 W Fort St Detroit 15 385 Postal serviceU S Government 477 Michigan Ave Detroit 15 328 Federal governmentHenry Ford Health System 1 Ford Place Detroit 15 139 Health careSt John Health System 28000 Dequindre Warren 14 288 Health careCity of Detroit 2 Woodward Ave Detroit 13 762 City governmentTrinity Health 27870 Cabot Dr Novi 13 012 Health careBeaumont Hospitals 3601 W 13 Mile Rd Royal Oak 15 638 Health careState of Michigan Cadillac Place Detroit 11 177 State governmentDetroit Medical Center 3800 John R Detroit 11 003 Health careOakwood Healthcare Inc 1 Parklane Blvd Dearborn 7 515 Health careDTE Energy 2000 Second Ave Detroit 7 188 Energy companyBlue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan 600 E Lafayette Blvd Detroit 7 007 Health careHP Enterprise Services 500 Renaissance Center Detroit 6 711 Information technologyComerica 500 Woodard Ave Detroit 6 169 Financial servicesWayne State University 658 W Kirby Detroit 5 046 Education and researchWayne County 600 Randolph Detroit 5 091 County governmentVisteon 1 Village Center Dr Van Buren Township 4 497 AutomotiveJohnson Controls 49200 Halyard Dr Plymouth 4 205 AutomotiveSee also Edit Michigan portal Economics portalNotes Edit Regional Profile Archived February 3 2007 at the Wayback Machine Detroit Regional Chamber Retrieved on September 18 2010 a b c Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth Retrieved May 22 2011 U S Metro Economies GMP The Engines of America s Growth PDF Archived from the original PDF on December 28 2008 City Mayors reviews the richest cities in the world in 2005 www citymayors com Henion Andy 03 22 2007 City puts transit idea in motion The Detroit News About 80 500 people work in downtown which is 21 of the city s employment base Retrieved on May 14 2007 a b c d e f The Urban Markets Initiative Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program The Social Compact Inc University of Michigan Graduate Real Estate Program October 2006 Downtown Detroit In Focus A Profile of Market Opportunity Archived September 18 2011 at the Wayback Machine Downtown Detroit Partnership Retrieved on September 18 2010 MEDC 2009 Michigan High Technology Focus Archived March 25 2007 at the Wayback Machine State of Michigan Retrieved on June 23 2009 a b MEDC 2009 Michigan Advantage Archived March 21 2009 at the Wayback Machine State of Michigan Retrieved on June 23 2009 a b NSF 01 320 2001 R amp D Spending is Highly Concentrated in a Small Number of States National Science Foundation a b c Automation Alley Technology Industry Report 2011 Edition Archived July 5 2015 at the Wayback Machine Anderson Economic Group Retrieved July 17 2011 a b Michigan Cities Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Archived from the original on September 19 2010 Retrieved June 17 2009 Detroit is the automobile capital of the world Sean P McAllinden Ph D 2003 Economic Contribution of the Auto Industry to the U S Economy Archived April 7 2009 at the Wayback Machine Center for Automotive Research Retrieved on January 11 2009 The U S automotive industry is still the largest automotive industry in the world Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 2006 From the 2003 Study Contributions of the Automotive Industry to the U S Economy University of Michigan and the Center for Automotive Research permanent dead link Autoalliance com Retrieved on April 12 2007 Bureau of Labor Statistics December 2012 Unemployment rates for metropolitan areas U S Department of Labor Retrieved December 27 2012 Oosting Jonathan December 1 2010 Brookings Metro Detroit economy on road to full recovery Mlive Retrieved July 17 2011 a b MEDC March 3 2005 Michigan 2 in the Nation for New Corporate Facilities and Expansions in 2004 Globeinvestor com PR NEWS WIRE Retrieved on May 2 2007 Lane Amy March 5 2010 Michigan retains 3rd place ranking by Site Selection magazine Crains Detroit Business Retrieved on April 17 2010 Medernach Karen and Mike O Conner March 2010 2007 2009 New Corporate Facilities and Expansions Archived July 16 2011 at the Wayback Machine Site Selection Retrieved on April 17 2010 Metro Detroit Office Market report Colliers International Retrieved on August 16 2008 Mortgage Foundation website Michigan Housing Market Report Detroit Home Prices Plummet Retrieved on April 7 2007 Bourdet Dorothy November 22 2006 The incredible deflating housing market Detroit Free Press Businessweek Bloomberg Bloomberg com Forbes ranks Cincinnati 5 for affordable cities Archived January 19 2016 at the Wayback Machine Fox 19 com January 11 2011 Retrieved January 12 2011 Detroit among top five cities across country for job growth Archived October 30 2012 at the Wayback Machine ABC News 7 WXYZ com October 28 2012 Giang Vivian October 26 2012 The 10 US Cities with the Best Job Growth Business Insider Yahoo com Headapohl Jackie March 30 2011 Detroit in top 5 markets for engineering services sector MLive Technology industry report 2011 Anderson Group 2011 Luke Peter May 25 2011 Gov Rick Snyder signs Michigan business income tax overhaul into law Bridge Magazine Retrieved December 3 2011 Bell Dawson November 18 2011 Michigan Supreme Court hands Gov Rick Snyder a victory on plan to tax pensions Lansing State Journal Retrieved December 3 2011 permanent dead link a b 2004 05 Community profile Oakland County PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 26 2009 Retrieved June 17 2009 Oakland County also ranks as the fourth wealthiest county in the nation among counties with populations of more than one million people Turtle Lake in Bloomfield Hills Archived May 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on March 31 2007 Crain s Detroit Business October 4 2007 Bank of America commits 25 B for community development in Michigan Metro Mode Media Retrieved on September 6 2008 Cool Cities Initiative Retrieved on April 7 2007 Haya El Nasser May 27 2006 1 USA Today Retrieved on May 5 2009 Kaffer Nancy March 31 2010 Detroit to begin demolition of dangerous buildings Crain s Detroit Business Retrieved on July 1 2010 Detroit Riverfront Conservancy Retrieved on April 2 2007 Greene Jay April 5 2010 Henry Ford Health System plans 500 million expansion Crains Detroit Business Retrieved on June 12 2010 a b Anstett Patricia March 20 2010 1 5 Billion for new DMC Archived September 5 2012 at Archive It Detroit Free Press DMC org Retrieved on June 12 2010 a b Reppert Joe October 2007 Detroit Neighborhood Market Drill Down Archived September 26 2011 at the Wayback Machine Social Compact Retrieved on July 10 2010 a b Harrison Sheena June 25 2007 DEGA enlists help to spur Detroit retail Crain s Detroit Business Retrieved on November 28 2007 New downtown residents are largely young professionals according to Social Compact Halaas Jaime December 20 2005 Inside Detroit Lofts Model D Media Waterfront Living River rebirth draws residents downtown Detroit News and Information Crain s Detroit Business Crainsdetroit com July 2 2007 Retrieved July 1 2010 Bigda Carolyn Erin Chambers Lawrence Lanahan Joe Light Sarah Max and Jennifer Merritt Detroit Best place to retire Downtown Archived December 14 2012 at the Wayback Machine CNN Money Retrieved on October 22 2007 Gopal Prashant August 29 2008 America s Most and Least Affordable Housing Markets Business Week Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce Retrieved on April 4 2007 Michigan Economic Development Corporation MEDC Venture Capital Firms Archived February 8 2007 at the Wayback Machine State of Michigan Retrieved on April 12 2007 Burr Barry S February 23 2009 GM s pension fund Crain communications Pensions amp Investments Retrieved on July 15 2009 Bruno Mark March 19 2007 GM could become a bond trail blazer Archived October 8 2007 at the Wayback Machine Pensions amp Investments online Smith Joel March 13 2007 Fifth Third escalates banking turf war permanent dead link The Detroit News Retrieved on July 5 2010 Golobay Diana March 4 2010 Quicken Loans Doubles Mortgage Volume in 2009 Archived March 8 2010 at the Wayback Machine Housing Wire Retrieved on July 5 2010 Prior John May 17 2010 Quicken Loans to Provide Origination Outsourcing for Smaller Banks Archived May 24 2010 at the Wayback Machine Housing Wire Retrieved on July 5 2010 Howes Daniel November 12 2007 Quicken moving to downtown Detroit The Detroit News Retrieved on November 12 2007 Duggan Daniel and Tom Henderson November 13 2007 Gilbert Moving to Detroit the right thing and the smart thing Crains Detroit Business Retrieved on June 17 2009 Howes loc cit Blue Cross Blue Shield employees gear up to move to Detroit s Renaissance Center mlive com July 29 2010 Flinn Roy and Jeff Green March 24 2011 Detroit auto tech firms woo Silicon Valley talent San Francisco Chronicle with Bloomberg News Retrieved March 24 2011 a b Arend Mark January 2012 Where the Tech Jobs Are Site Selection Bowman Lisa M July 17 2003 Michigan winning the broadband race CNET News Retrieved on April 12 2007 Michigan Information Technology Center Archived August 15 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on June 17 2009 Zemke Jon September 10 2009 Defense firms coordinate attack with Michigan Security Network Metromode Retrieved on January 2 2010 June 11 2009 Troy law firm opens North Woodward Tech Incubator Metromode Retrieved on January 2 2010 a b Gallagher John June 27 2009 GE to create 1 200 jobs in Michigan New facility to hire tech savvy workers Archived January 19 2016 at the Wayback Machine Detroit Free Press Retrieved on June 28 2009 a b Bailey David and Soyoung Kim June 26 2009 GE s Immelt says U S economy needs industrial renewal The Guardian Retrieved on June 28 2009 The Detroit Almanac 2001 Detroit Free Press Construction Underway On New Detroit based Quicken Loans Technology Center Quicken Loans Pressroom quickenloans com May 20 2014 Gilbert unveils new Quicken computer center freep com Anglebrandt Gary December 22 2010 Detroit to get first U S patent satellite office Crain s Detroit Business Retrieved July 26 2011 Ranking of Executive Education at Michigan s Ross School of Business Archived from the original on July 14 2012 Retrieved July 5 2010 University of Michigan Medical School ranks among top 10 in country in U S News amp World Report University of Michigan Health System Archived from the original on July 19 2011 Retrieved July 5 2010 Michigan Engineering Rankings Archived from the original on July 29 2010 Retrieved July 5 2010 Law School Rankings www top law schools com University of Windsor University of Windsor DaimlerChrysler Canada Automotive Research and Development Centre Archived October 13 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 11 2007 St Clair College Ford Centre for Excellence in Manufacturing Retrieved on April 11 2007 Devol Ross C and Rob Koepp August 2003 America s Health Care Economy Archived February 7 2012 at the Wayback Machine Miliken Institute Retrieved on November 6 2011 Michigan Health amp Hospital Association June 2006 The Economic Impact of Health Care in Michigan Third Edition Archived November 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on October 23 2007 Schultz Marisa and Mike Wilkinson April 6 2007 Auto Oakland U to open medical school Detroit Free Press Careers at the DMC retrieved 6 24 09 For profit Vanguard signs deal to buy nonprofit Detroit Medical Center crainsdetroit com June 11 2010 Rigg Sarah A January 1 2009 University of Michigan buys former Pfizer site in surprise deal MLive Retrieved on December 23 2009 Zemke Jon March 5 2009 New Economy Initiative makes big investment in Metro Detroit Metromode Retrieved on January 2 2009 Metro Detroit Michigan score high in biotech VC rankings Metromode Dec 17 2009 Retrieved on July 14 2010 Midwest Health Care Startups Raise 780 M in 2009 Archived September 10 2011 at the Wayback Machine BioEnterprise Retrieved on July 14 2010 Henry Ford Health System Plans 500 Million 300 Acre Detroit Development Huffington Post May 30 2012 Blight removal in Detroit isn t impossible but it is difficult October 2 2014 Henderson Tom April 15 2012 WSU to build 93M biotech hub Crains Detroit Business Retrieved on March 15 2015 Wayne State University IBio The Integrative Biosciences Center Archived from the original on September 25 2015 Wayne State breaks ground on Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Building Today at Wayne July 2 2020 Retrieved October 23 2007 Fortune companies Michigan CNN Money 2009 Retrieved on July 14 2010 SAE World Congress convenes in Detroit Archived from the original on February 10 2007 Retrieved June 17 2009 Lawrence Peter 2009 Interview with Michigan s Governor Archived November 20 2008 at the Wayback Machine Corporate Design Foundation Retrieved on June 17 2009 Michigan is known as the world s automotive center a b Why MITA will be a success Michigan International Trade Association Retrieved on September 3 2007 Detroit is the most active commercial port of entry in the USA Greater Detroit is the number one exporting region among 310 defined metropolitan areas CMSA in the U S a b Regional Advantages for International Business Archived September 25 2007 at the Wayback Machine World Trade Center Detroit Windsor Retrieved on September 3 2007 World Book Inc Volume 5 2008 National Association of Manufacturers February 2008 Facts about Michigan Manufacturing Retrieved on June 17 2009 Shoenberger Robert May 25 2010 Rebounding auto industry boosts Shiloh Industries second quarter sales profit Cleveland com Retrieved on September 18 2010 Schroeder Robert July 30 2010 Obama says U S auto industry on rebound The Wall Street Journal Retrieved on September 9 2010 GM posts profit CEO Whitacre to retire CNN Money Retrieved on September 18 2010 Cwiek Sarah November 30 2010 New study shows strong economic recovery in Metro Detroit NPR Michigan Retrieved December 4 2010 Buss Dale April 1 2012 7 Things Chrysler Could Use To Mount a Good Second Half Forbes Eisenstein Paul A April 2012 Assessment of tax revenue generated by the auto industry PDF Center for Automotive research Archived from the original PDF on November 8 2012 Retrieved December 2 2012 Clark Wesley K November 17 2008 What s Good for G M Is Good for the Army The New York Times Retrieved on February 1 2009 Reuters June 20 2008 Construction Begins on Marathon s Detroit Refinery Upgrade Project Retrieved on September 20 2008 Concrete Monthly October 2005 Lafarge s new 30 million cement terminal is important part of Detroit revitalization Archived June 28 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 16 2008 Dorinda Elliott January 30 2006 Can This Man Save The American Auto Industry Time Kiley David June 13 2001 GM buys stake in firm tapping hydrogen power USA Today PRNewswire March 22 2006 Diesel Jeep Liberty Sales Double Expectations Yahoo News GM announces world s most powerful fuel cell stack 13 September 2001 Archived March 14 2007 at the Wayback Machine GM Press Release Priddle Alisa and David Shepardson August 6 2009 Mich gets 1 3B battery jolt permanent dead link The Detroit News Retrieved August 6 2009 Auto Quality June 4 2003 USA Today Initial Quality Winners from J D Power Archived October 26 2007 at the Wayback Machine MSN Autos Retrieved on June 17 2009 Welcome to GDFTZ com Archived May 4 2007 at the Wayback Machine Greater Detroit Foreign Trade Zone Inc Retrieved on September 5 2007 topnews text FRONTPAGE Metro Detroit exports grow 12 is now fourth largest export market in U S permanent dead link Detroit News September 13 2012 Why doesn t Michigan have toll roads Michigan Department of Transportation Retrieved on September 5 2007 A system of toll free highways has been viewed as important to commerce industry tourism and general economic development Ambassador Bridge Crossing Summary May 11 2005 U S Department of Transportation Retrieved on September 5 2007 Trade Point Detroit Windsor Retrieved on May 24 2009 Detroit Regional Chamber 2006 Detroit Windsor Border Update Part I Detroit River International Crossing Study Archived March 21 2006 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 5 2007 Ambassador Bridge www ambassadorbridge com Archived from the original on June 15 2010 Retrieved May 26 2010 Transit Windsor Routes and Schedules Archived from the original on September 27 2007 Retrieved September 25 2006 Detroit Area Transit Systems Archived April 15 2005 at the Wayback Machine focalhost com Retrieved on April 7 2007 Ann Arbor Detroit Regional Rail Project SEMCOG Retrieved on May 20 2008 Michigan Business References Archived June 24 2010 at the Wayback Machine Michigan Economic Development Corporation Retrieved on July 11 2010 Sapte Benjamin 2003 Southwest Airlines Route Network Development since 1971 Archived April 11 2006 at the Wayback Machine Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Retrieved on April 2 2007 Greg Lindsay July August 2006 The rise of the Aerotropolis Fast Company Detroit Renaissance May 3 2007 Road to Renaissance Archived August 6 2010 at WebCite Press Release High speed rail grants include 244 million for Detroit to Chicago Amtrak improvements annarbor com Shea Bill June 17 2010 Windsor Port Authority joins group seeking to build 400 million rail tunnel Crain s Detroit Retrieved on July 7 2010 New York Times asks What s to be done with Michigan Central Station Model D Detroit Economy Major Industries and Commercial Activity Advameg Inc Retrieved June 12 2008 Michigan s Future July 10 2007 Metro Detroit visitors spending at the highest level since 9 11 Archived December 9 2007 at the Wayback Machine Michigan s Future citing CIC Research Inc study for 2006 Retrieved on November 6 2007 Metro Detroit Convention and Visitors Bureau statistics Archived December 28 2006 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 4 2007 America s Story Explore the States Michigan 2006 Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village Archived October 14 2009 at the Wayback Machine Library of Congress Retrieved on May 2 2007 State of Michigan MI Kids 2006 Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village Archived December 7 2010 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 2 2007 Midtown Archived April 5 2008 at the Wayback Machine Model D Media Retrieved on March 11 2007 Groover Joel June 1 2004 Privacy Please Archived September 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retail Traffic Penton Media Retrieved on September 3 2007 Huron Clinton Metro Parks Archived March 9 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 2 2007 Cities located close to Detroit Time and Date world clock distances Retrieved on September 2 2007 a b Audi Tamara September 26 2007 What Happens In Detroit The Wall Street Journal B6 But the market at issue as MGM Mirage sees it includes a 300 mile 480 km radius of potential overnight clients across the region Mink Randy and Karen Mink July 2001 Detroit Turns 300 Detroit 300 Festival Travel America World Publishing Co Gale Group USA Today February 3 2009 Film production studios coming to Michigan cities Retrieved on March 27 2009 Gallaher John and Kathleen Gray and Chris Christoff 2 03 09 Pontiac film studio to bring jobs Detroit Free Press Grossman Andrew Retailers Head for Exits in Detroit The Wall Street Journal June 16 2009 Retrieved on June 17 2009 Decade in review Business The Detroit News December 31 2009 Retrieved on January 8 2010 a b c d Foley Aaron June 18 2009 Detroiters complain of lack of shopping options MLive com Retrieved on July 8 2009 a b Guest Greta June 30 2009 Grassroots grocery aims to fill a niche in Detroit Archived 2009 07 03 at the Wayback Machine Detroit Free Press Retrieved on July 12 2009 Bailey Ruby L August 22 2007 The D is a draw Most suburbanites are repeat visitors Detroit Free Press New Detroit Free Press Local 4 poll conducted by Selzer and Co finds nearly two thirds of residents of suburban Wayne Oakland and Macomb counties say they at least occasionally dine attend cultural events or take in professional games in Detroit Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on July 26 2011 Retrieved July 10 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b Foley Aaron June 28 2009 Meijer s potential Detroit location spurs city suburb debate Archived 2012 10 04 at the Wayback Machine MLive com Sunday Retrieved on July 13 2009 a b Guest Gretta August 15 2009 Meijer will build store in Detroit Detroit Free Press Retrieved on August 15 2009 Trop Jaclyn April 1 2009 open air Detroit mall moves ahead The Detroit News Retrieved on July 8 2009 Find a Whole Foods Market Store Near You Whole Foods Market Archived from the original on July 17 2012 Dolan Matthew July 27 2011 Whole Foods to Open Store in Detroit in 2013 Wall Street Journal Retrieved November 15 2011 a b Larson Larissa October 21 2009 The Role of Urban Food Retail in Detroit s Economic Development and Revitalization Archived August 4 2010 at the Wayback Machine University of Michigan Gerald R Ford School of Public Policy Retrieved on July 6 2010 Chaldeans In Metro Detroit Archive Detroit 20 20 WXYZ TV ABC 7 Scripps TV Station Group The E W Scripps Co August 11 2011 Retrieved on September 19 2013 DetroitBlogger John The black market Metro Times June 20 2012 Retrieved on July 25 2012 Though many small businesses in the city are struggling right now hundreds of supporters came out for this one Because this isn t just any grocery store It s the last black owned supermarket in Detroit Local media stopped by Jet magazine called How is it possible they all wanted to know that in a city whose population is mostly black there is just one black owned supermarket and There never were many black owned grocery stores in the city he notes Until recently there were two others started by former employees of his actually and both went out of business leaving him with the title Esparza Santiago Independent grocery stores thriving in Southwest Detroit We have soul says one owner Archive MLive July 24 2013 Retrieved on July 29 2013 Selasky Susan M Southwest Detroit s Hispanic groceries have what you need for Cinco de Mayo Detroit Free Press May 3 2012 Retrieved on November 1 2012 Nielsen Media Research Local Universe Estimates September 24 2005 Archived May 17 2006 at the Wayback Machine The Nielson Company April 2 2007 Shaw s Saskatoon Channel Lineup April 7 2007 Archived April 4 2007 at the Wayback Machine The Saskatoon Free Net Market Ranks and Schedule Arbitron com Retrieved on April 2 2007 Felton Ryan Ren Cen 4 movie theater in downtown Detroit closes Archive Metro Times July 1 2015 Retrieved on July 9 2015 Lankton Larry November December 1991 Autos to Armaments Detroit Becomes the Arsenal of Democracy PDF Michigan History Archived from the original PDF on August 11 2003 Retrieved February 10 2013 Nolan Jenny January 28 1997 Willow Run and the Arsenal of Democracy Michigan History The Detroit News Retrieved on August 7 2010 Crain s List 2007 Largest Metro Detroit Employers Archived July 14 2010 at the Wayback Machine Crain s Detroit Business Retrieved on August 22 2008 Fast Facts Quicken Loans Pressroom quickenloans com References and further reading EditBak Richard 2001 Detroit Across Three Centuries Thomson Gale ISBN 1 58536 001 5 Bak Richard 2003 Henry and Edsel The Creation of the Ford Empire Wiley ISBN 0 471 23487 7 Ballard Charles L 2006 Michigan s Economic Future Challenges and Opportunities Michigan State University Press ISBN 0 87013 796 4 Ballard Charles L Paul N Courant amp Douglas C Drake 2003 Michigan at the Millennium Michigan State University Press ISBN 0870136682 Cantor George 2005 Detroit An Insiders Guide to Michigan University of Michigan Press ISBN 0 472 03092 2 Davis Michael W R 2007 Detroit s Wartime Industry Arsenal of Democracy Images of America Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 0 7385 5164 7 Fisher Dale 2003 Building Michigan A Tribute to Michigan s Construction Industry Grass Lake MI Eyry of the Eagle Publishing ISBN 1 891143 24 7 Fisher Dale 2005 Southeast Michigan Horizons of Growth Grass Lake MI Eyry of the Eagle Publishing ISBN 1 891143 25 5 Fisher Dale 1994 Detroit Visions of the Eagle Grass Lake MI Eyry of the Eagle Publishing ISBN 0 9615623 3 1 Gavrilovich Peter Bill McGraw 2000 The Detroit Almanac Detroit Free Press ISBN 0 937247 34 0 Hyde Charles K 2003 Riding the Roller Coaster History of the Chrysler Corporation Wayne State University Press ISBN 0 8143 3091 6 Iacocca Lee 2007 Where Have All the Leaders Gone Scribner ISBN 978 1 4165 3247 7 Poremba David Lee 2003 Detroit A Motor City History Arcadia Publishing ISBN 0 7385 2435 2 Poremba David Lee 2001 Detroit in Its World Setting timeline Wayne State University ISBN 0 8143 2870 9 Smith Michael Tom Featherstone 2001 Labor in Detroit Images of America Arcadia Publishing ISBN 0 7385 1896 4 Vlasic Bill Bradley A Stertz 2000 Taken for a Ride How Daimler Benz Drove off with Chrysler William Morrow amp Company ISBN 0 688 17305 5 Woodford Arthur M 2001 This is Detroit 1701 2001 Wayne State University Press ISBN 0 8143 2914 4 External links EditAerial pictures Business Leaders for Michigan Cityscape Detroit Detroit Metro Convention amp Visitors Bureau Detroit Economic Club Detroit Economic Growth Corporation Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce Detroit Riverfront Conservancy Downtown Detroit Partnership Experience Detroit Guide2Detroit New Center Council NextEnergy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Economy of metropolitan Detroit amp oldid 1171351685, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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