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Wikipedia

Gordie Howe International Bridge

January 01, 1970

For the Gordie Howe Bridge in Saskatoon, see Gordie Howe Bridge (Saskatoon).

The Gordie Howe International Bridge (French: Pont International Gordie-Howe), known during development as the Detroit River International Crossing and the New International Trade Crossing, is a cable-stayed international bridge across the Detroit River, currently under construction. The crossing will connect Detroit, Michigan, United States of America and Windsor, Ontario, Canada by linking Interstate 75 in Michigan with Highway 401 in Ontario (through the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway extension of Highway 401). The bridge will provide uninterrupted freeway traffic flow, as opposed to the current configuration with the nearby Ambassador Bridge that connects to city streets on the Ontario side. The bridge is named after Canadian ice hockey player Gordie Howe, whose celebrated career included 25 years with the Detroit Red Wings, and who died two years before construction began.

Gordie Howe International Bridge
Rendering of the bridge by Windsor–Detroit Bridge Authority
Coordinates42°17′15″N 83°05′52″W / 42.28750°N 83.09778°W / 42.28750; -83.09778
Carries6 lanes connecting I-75 and Highway 401 plus a bike and pedestrian lane
CrossesDetroit River, Canada–United States border
LocaleDetroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario
Websitewww.gordiehoweinternationalbridge.com/en
Characteristics
DesignCable-stayed bridge
Total length2.5 km (1.6 mi)[1]
Width37.5 m (123 ft)[1]
Height220 m (722 ft)[1]
Longest span853 m (0.53 mi)[1]
Piers in water0
Clearance below42 m (138 ft)[1]
History
Construction startJune 2018[2]
Construction costCA$5.7 billion (estimated)[1]
Opening2025 (expected)[3]
Location

First proposed in the early 2000s, the project was met with prominent opposition by Ambassador Bridge owner Manuel "Matty" Moroun, who believed competition from a publicly owned bridge would reduce his revenue. A Canadian federal Crown corporation, the Windsor–Detroit Bridge Authority, was established in 2012 to coordinate the bridge's construction and management. Environmental approvals and other permits were approved in the United States and Canada in the early 2010s. Lawsuits by Moroun alleged that the crossing agreement was illegal and the Ambassador Bridge had "exclusivity rights". These lawsuits were denied, along with various attempts to stop property expropriations, allowing the project to continue.

The "Bridging North America" consortium was selected in July 2018 to design, build, operate and maintain the bridge, and construction began that month. The CA$3.8 billion cost of construction will be funded by the Canadian federal government, paid for by bridge tolls. Construction is expected to be completed in 2025.

History edit

 
 
 
2km
1.2miles
 
4
3
2
1
Crossings of the Detroit River between Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario. Detroit is on the north bank of this stretch of river. Because Detroit is generally north and west of Windsor, people travelling from the United States to Canada travel south.
1
Detroit–Windsor Tunnel (1930)
2
Michigan Central Railway Tunnel (1910)
3
Ambassador Bridge (1929)
4
Gordie Howe International Bridge (est. completion 2025)

Background edit

The passage across the Detroit River between the United States and Canada has been an important traffic route since the American Civil War, with ferries transporting goods and people across the river.[4] A railway tunnel (Michigan Central Railway Tunnel) was opened in July 1910, a suspension bridge for road traffic (Ambassador Bridge) opened in November 1929, and a road tunnel (Detroit–Windsor tunnel) opened in 1930.[5]

The Ambassador Bridge is the busiest crossing on the Canada–United States border,[6][7] with nearly 25% of U.S.–Canada border crossings by trucks using the bridge.[8][7] The bridge has been criticized for its monopoly status (as no trucks are permitted to use the tunnel), private ownership by billionaire Manuel Moroun and poor maintenance record.[9][10] Both the bridge and the road tunnel lack direct highway connections on the Canadian side, with city streets and traffic lights between them and Ontario Highway 401.[11]

Detroit River International Crossing edit

In the early 2000s, work was begun to investigate the need for a future crossing of the Detroit River by a bi-national partnership of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Transport Canada, Ontario Ministry of Transportation and the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).[12] During development, the project was known as the Detroit River International Crossing and the New International Trade Crossing.[12]

In 2004, a joint announcement by the federal government of the United States and Government of Canada confirmed a new border crossing would be constructed between Detroit and Windsor. A bi-national committee was formed to manage the project.[13][12] An extension of Ontario Highway 401 to the future bridge was also proposed - construction on this extension began in 2011, with the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway opening in 2015.[14]

The various environmental approvals for the project were approved in both the United States and Canada in 2009.[12][15]

In 2009, the Ohio State Senate passed a non-binding resolution expressing support for the crossing, and urged the Michigan government to pass it, due to Canada being Ohio's largest foreign trade partner, with US$35.8 billion per year in goods traded between Ohio and Canada.[16] In 2011, the bridge was tentatively scheduled for completion in 2016, according to the Michigan Department of Transportation.[17] It was estimated the bridge would generate $70.4 million in toll revenues in its first year of operation.[18]

Michigan legislation edit

In 2010, the Michigan Senate had not approved any authorizing legislation related to the bridge. The Senate Majority Leader Mike Bishop had stated that the Senate would not vote until revenue forecasts were released, reports that were being withheld by the director of the Michigan Department of Transportation. The Michigan House of Representatives had already passed the measure while the bill was called "doomed" in the Senate.[19]

Michigan Governor Rick Snyder supported construction of the new crossing in his first State of the State address on January 19, 2011. His plan would leverage Canadian money to receive a 160 percent match—totaling $2.2 billion—on funding from the Federal Highway Administration in a deal reached the week previous to the speech.[20] In August 2011, Michigan State Senator Mike Kowall, when asked by the Windsor Star if enabling legislation for the bridge would currently pass, replied "absolutely not".[21]

In October 2011, the Michigan Senate "rejected a bill [that] would have allowed the state to accept $550 million from the Canadian government to fund the country's share" of the bridge.[17][22] One commentator, Bill Mann, noted the rejection, saying "Canada calls the new bridge its biggest infrastructure priority and has even offered to pay for the span. But pesky U.S. special-interest politics intrude once again," as he reviewed a number of "U.S. government actions (and inactions) that show little concern about Canadian concerns". Mann drew from a Maclean's article sub-titled "We used to be friends"[23] about U.S.–Canada relations after the Keystone Pipeline, the bridge, and other "insulting" decisions.[24][25]

In June 2012, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Michigan Governor Rick Snyder announced an agreement allowing the project to proceed.[26] The Canadian federal government would fund bridge construction, land acquisition in Michigan and the construction of Interstate 75 on-ramps. The Canadian contribution will be repaid from bridge tolls collected on the Canadian side, and no tolls will be charged on the U.S. side.[27] The crossing agreement also included community benefits for residents on both sides of the Detroit River, including improvements to local neighbourhoods affected by bridge construction.[28]

Approvals and land acquisition edit

On April 12, 2013, the US Department of State and the Obama administration granted Michigan the permit required to build the bridge, allowing construction to go forward once details were finalized.[29][30][31] In May 2014, the United States Coast Guard issued a bridge permit, the final federal approval required.[12] A Canadian federal Crown corporation, the Windsor–Detroit Bridge Authority (WDBA) began work in July 2014 to coordinate the bridge's construction and management.[12][32]

The Canadian government allocated $25 million to begin land acquisition on the Detroit side on May 22, 2013.[33] In January 2015, Parsons Corporation was named the general engineering consultant for the bridge. On February 18, 2015, Minister of Transport Lisa Raitt announced Canada would fund the construction of a customs plaza on the U.S. side of the bridge in Detroit's Delray neighborhood. The plaza will have a budget of around $250 million, and be recouped through tolls. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security will provide a first-year investment of $150 million, and an "ongoing annual requirement" of $50 million, to cover the plaza's operational and staffing costs.[34][35]

On May 14, 2015, during an event attended by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, it was officially announced that the bridge would be known as the Gordie Howe International Bridge after Canadian ice hockey player Gordie Howe, whose celebrated career included 25 years with the Detroit Red Wings.[36]

In July 2015, WDBA began work procuring a consortium who would design, build and finance the construction of the bridge, as well as operate and maintain it over a 30 year period.[12] The cost of building the Gordie Howe International Bridge escalated by CA$3.5 billion as the value of the Canadian dollar declined in 2015–2016. In January 2016, it was reported, due to exchange rates and increased inflation, costs could rise to CA$4.8 billion.[37]

In July 2016, it was announced many properties that would be required to build the bridge were still in the hands of private landowners. Some properties on the American side of the river were owned by Manuel Moroun, owner of the Ambassador Bridge.[38] An estimated 30 of the 900 properties needed were considered to be problems if the owners resist selling.[39][40] In July 2016, the CBC reported Dwight Duncan, the former finance minister for Ontario had advised the Government of Canada to consider buying the Ambassador Bridge from Moroun.[41]

In a joint statement released after a meeting between newly elected U.S. president Donald Trump and Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau on February 13, 2017, the two governments reiterated the support of the "expeditious completion" of the project.[42] It was listed as a priority infrastructure project by the Donald Trump administration.[43]

In June 2017, the City of Detroit sold 36 city-owned parcels of land, underground assets and five miles of city-owned streets in the Delray neighborhood, which is the site of the U.S. Customs facility. A $33 million neighborhood improvement fund for the neighborhood was set up. Residents of the area can stay and have their home renovated or move to a renovated home in a different neighborhood.[44]

In May 2018, the Michigan Court of Appeals ruled against Moroun's attempt to stop expropriations on the Michigan side of the river, allowing construction of the U.S. plaza to begin.[45]

Contract award edit

 
 
 
Early construction of the support towers on the American side (top) and Canadian side (middle) along the Detroit River in June 2021, and construction progress as of January 2024, with both support towers nearly completed (bottom)

On July 5, 2018, WDBA was announced the consortium "Bridging North America" had been awarded the bridge contract, using a design, build, finance, operate and maintain structure.[46] The consortium consisted of AECOM for design; Dragados Canada, Fluor Corporation, and Aecon for construction; and ACS Infrastructure, Fluor, and Aecon for operations and maintenance.[47][48] Following construction, Bridging North America will receive monthly payments for operating and maintaining the bridge over a 30 year period.[49]

Construction edit

Construction began on July 17, 2018 with groundbreaking by Minister of Infrastructure Amarjeet Sohi and Michigan Governor Rick Snyder.[50][51] On September 28, 2018, the WDBA announced the project would cost CA$3.8 billion to construct,[52] part of a CA$5.7 billion contract with Bridging North America.[49] The bridge was to be completed by the end of 2024.[52]

In 2019, preparatory work for major construction continued, with cleaning of contaminated land.[53] An effort by the Michigan Republican Party to prevent MDOT spending money on the bridge (even if MDOT would later be reimbursed by Canada) was reversed, allowing the project to continue.[54] $20 million of community benefits for local residents on both sides of the Detroit River was also announced.[55]

In 2020, the design of new pedestrian bridges over Interstate 75 were unveiled, and work began on the foundations for the bridge towers.[56][57] Construction was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with changes to working practices, travel restrictions and material shortages.[57][58] In January 2021, foundation work for the bridge towers had been completed, and construction of the 220 m (722 ft) bridge towers was underway.[59] In March 2021, work began to construct the buildings in the Canadian port of entry.[12]

By March 2022, legs of the bridge on both sides of the Detroit River had been completed, with road deck construction underway.[12][60] By November 2022, over 150 m (490 ft) of the bridge towers had been completed. The WDBA noted that the bridge could open in 2025 owing to delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, however the builder of the bridge noted they were pushing for a 2024 opening date.[61]

By May 2023, cables used to hold up the future bridge deck were starting to be installed.[62] In August 2023, the US bridge tower reached its final height of 220 m (722 ft), with the Canadian bridge tower completed in December 2023.[63][64] In October 2023, the WDBA explained that major construction would likely be completed by the end of 2024, with elements such as signs and lighting taking another 6 months to install.[65] WDBA also noted that around 2,300 people were working on the site at the peak of construction.[65]

In January 2024, the WDBA announced that the bridge would open by fall 2025, a delay of 10 months from the planned opening date owing to delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[66] It was also confirmed that the bridge deck would be completed in 2024.[66]

Design edit

The cable-stayed bridge design is by chief bridge architect of AECOM, Erik Behrens.[67][68] Each of its two A-shaped bridge towers, standing 220 m (722 ft) tall, is built on opposite banks of the Detroit River.[69] The road deck itself will be held up using 216 cable stays.[69] It will have the longest main span of any cable-stayed bridge in North America at 853 m (2,800 ft), with a total bridge length of 2.5 km (1.6 mi).[70] At the highest point above the Detroit River, the bridge will be 46 m (151 ft) above the water.[69] The bridge will have six lanes for automotive traffic, and a bicycle and walking path.[69]

On the U.S side, the port of entry will encompass 68 hectares (170 acres) with border inspection facilities, directly connecting to Interstate 75 with dedicated highway ramps.[71][72] On the Canadian side, the port of entry will encompass 53 hectares (130 acres) with border inspection facilities, toll collection and bridge maintenance facilities. It will directly connect to Ontario Highway 401.[71] The bicycle and walking path will connect to new and existing trails as well as bike lanes on both sides of the Detroit River.[73]

With traffic crossing the border expected to grow from 18,500 vehicles a day in 2016 to 26,500 by 2025, the Gordie Howe International Bridge will provide an orderly flow of people and goods between the two countries.[18] Transport Canada retained the engineering firms, Morrison Hershfield, Davis Langdon, and Delcan to develop cost estimates for right of way and utility relocation; design and construction; and operation and maintenance on the Canadian side of the crossing.[74]

Artwork edit

The project will include several pieces of public art. During construction, artworks by local artists were placed on the jump forms within which the bridge towers were built.[75][63] The art on the Canadian bridge tower was undertaken by artists from the Walpole Island and Caldwell First Nations, with the art on the American bridge tower undertaken by Roberto Villalobos, an artist from Southwest Detroit.[76][63]

A piece by artist Sara Graham involves cast concrete patterns on the outside of a maintenance building.[77] Other artworks are being developed, with sculptor Michael Belmore creating a 2.7 m (8.9 ft) high sculpture that recognizes and celebrates First Nations[78][79] and artist Jordan Sook commissioned to create an artwork to commemorate the Underground Railroad.[80][81] Another artist will be commissioned to design architectural lighting for the bridge.[82]

Connections edit

Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway edit

Main article: Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway
 
The extension of Highway 401 in Windsor to the bridge opened in 2015, as the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway

In Canada, the bridge will connect to an extension of Highway 401, locally named the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway, on its east side.[71] The parkway is below-grade and has six through-lanes. It follows (but does not replace) Talbot Road and Huron Church Road from a new interchange at the former end of Highway 401 to the E. C. Row Expressway, where it runs concurrently westward for 2 km (1.2 mi). From there, it turns northwest and follows a new alignment to the border.[83] The parkway also features 300 acres (1.2 km2) of green space and over 20 kilometres (12 mi) of recreational trails, with seven bridges and two tunnels separating the trails from roads.[84][85] Full construction of the parkway began in 2011,[86] and was completed in November 2015 at a cost of CA$1.4 billion.[87][88]

Construction of the Rt. Hon. Herb Gray Parkway that links to the bridge on the Canadian side was hampered by concerns it could affect Ontario's last known habitat of Butler's garter snakes.[89] During the construction process, biologists relocated the snakes (including eastern fox snakes, and the garters—of which there were a larger number than originally thought), with their new habitats protected by a specially-designed above and below-ground fencing system along affected portions of the E. C. Row Expressway.[90]

Interstate 75 edit

In the United States, the bridge will connect to Interstate 75 with dedicated ramps. 3 km (1.9 mi) of the highway will be rebuilt and widened, local roads will be improved and new pedestrian bridges will be built across the highway.[72][91] Noise walls will also be built to mitigate impacts to the Southwest Detroit neighbourhood.[92]

Walking and cycling edit

The multi-use path on the bridge will be the first legal pedestrian crossing of the Detroit River, connecting to local streets and trails on both of its sides.[73][93] The bridge will be part of the Trans Canada Trail,[94][95] linking trail networks on both sides of the river including the Canadian Great Lakes Waterfront Trail, as well as the American Iron Belle Trail and the Great Lakes Way.[73] Crossing the bridge on foot or cycle will be free.[73]

Community benefits edit

Alongside the construction of the bridge, $20 million was allocated to various community benefit projects in both the United States and Canada.[55][96] Projects included support for local community groups,[97] improvements to local parks and trails,[98] and improvements to local streets.[99] Grants were also awarded for home improvements in Delray,[44][100] and to the Walpole Island First Nation.[96]

Contractors were also encouraged to employ residents of Detroit and Windsor, and the wider Metro Detroit and Essex County areas, alongside work to provide apprenticeships and training to workers.[96]

Opposition edit

 
Ambassador Bridge (opened in 1929), owned by the Moroun family

The most vocal opposition to the new crossing came from American billionaire Manuel "Matty" Moroun (1927–2020), owner of the nearby Ambassador Bridge. He sued the governments of Canada and Michigan to stop its construction, and released a proposal to build a second span of the Ambassador Bridge (which he would have owned) instead.[101] Critics suggest that Moroun's opposition was fueled by the prospect of lost profits from duty-free gasoline sales, which are exempt from about 60 cents per gallon in taxes even though the pump price to consumers is only a few cents lower.[102]

In early June 2011, the conservative advocacy group Americans for Prosperity posted bogus eviction notices on homes in Detroit's Delray district. With the words "Eviction Notice" in large type, the notices told homeowners their properties could be taken by the Michigan Department of Transportation to make way for the proposed new bridge. The group's state director said the fake notices were intended to get residents to contact state lawmakers, to ask them to vote against the bridge project.[103] Americans for Prosperity charged that the project would be a waste of taxpayer money if toll revenues did not cover debt service.[104][105]

In July 2011, the Canadian Transit Company, the Canadian side of Moroun ownership of the Ambassador Bridge,[106] began running advertisements against the DRIC proposal, calling it a "$2.2 billion road to nowhere".[107] The phone number listed for Canadian Transit Company forwarded to a phone number in Michigan,[107] and the Canadian Transit Company previously held its 2011 annual meeting at the offices of the Detroit International Bridge Company.[108] MPP Dwight Duncan advised that he was investigating whether or not the ads violated Ontario's election laws, which disallow public spending by foreign lobbyists.[107]

In 2012, Moroun spent more than US$30 million promoting a proposed amendment to the Michigan Constitution that, had it passed, would have required approval of both the voters of Detroit and the voters of Michigan in statewide elections to build the bridge.[109] NPR station Michigan Radio aired a story on November 2, four days before the vote, which indicated the amendment's "seemingly neutral language masks a very specific—and bitter—political battle".[110] The ballot proposal was defeated by a 60 percent to 40 percent margin, paving the way for the project to proceed.[111]

In the 2010s, Moroun undertook several lawsuits alleging that the 2013 crossing agreement was illegal (and should not have been approved by the U.S. State Department),[112] as well as alleging that they had exclusive rights to a span connecting Detroit to Windsor.[113] In 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear a challenge by Moroun regarding the choice of location for the bridge.[114] In June 2016, the last of these lawsuits by Moroun was dismissed, allowing the project to continue.[112]

In 2018, the company aired television ads on Fox & Friends asking President Donald Trump to cancel the project.[115] In late 2019, Trump signed the first U.S. funding for customs and border protection for the bridge into law.[116] In May 2018, the Michigan Court of Appeals ruled against Moroun's attempt to stop expropriations on the Michigan side of the river, allowing construction of the bridge to begin.[45] Further efforts by Moroun to prevent construction were denied in June 2020.[117]

In July 2020, Matty Moroun died aged 93, with his family maintaining their ownership of the Ambassador Bridge.[118] In 2022, the Detroit Free Press reported that Moroun's family were preparing a case for damages, following the acquisition of properties by eminent domain for bridge construction.[119]

Naming edit

 
Gordie Howe with the Detroit Red Wings in the 1960s

Snyder stated that he had "not [been] crazy" about naming the bridge the Detroit River International Crossing, noting that "DRIC" was intended only to be the name of the commission sponsoring the bridge, and not the bridge itself. Concerns were also acknowledged that the abbreviated name was too close to that of the Detroit International Bridge Company (DIBC)—that would be too sensitive given its objections to the project.[120] Sometime afterward, the working name for the project became the New International Trade Crossing (NITC), garnering the endorsement of 139 organizations and individuals.[121] It was under the NITC name that the project was approved by the U.S. State Department on April 12, 2013.[31]

In late 2010, David Bradley, president of the Ontario Trucking Association, proposed naming the bridge in honor of Canadian professional ice hockey player Gordie Howe, who played the bulk of his career for the Detroit Red Wings. The naming was supported by a number of Canadian politicians, along with Howe's son Marty—who felt the name would have been symbolic of him having come from Canada to spend his NHL career in Detroit.[120][122]

On May 14, 2015, during an event attended by then-Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, it was officially announced that the bridge would be known as the Gordie Howe International Bridge.[36][123] Howe, 87 and in ailing health, did not attend the ceremony. Later, when asked by his son what he thought about the naming, Howe remarked "That sounds pretty good to me."[124] Howe died one year later on June 10, 2016.[125][126]

See also edit

References edit

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  4. ^ Mason, Philip P. (1987). The Ambassador Bridge: A Monument to Progress. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 31+. ISBN 978-0-814-31840-9.
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  46. ^ Chen, Dalsen (July 5, 2018). "Bridging North America will build Gordie Howe International Bridge". Windsor Star. from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  47. ^ "Bridging North America". Gordie Howe International Bridge. from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
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External links edit

  • Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority (WDBA) official website
  • Detroit River International Crossing Project
  • New International Trade Crossing from the State of Michigan
  • Video of the Highway 401 extension that will connect to the Gordie Howe Bridge
  • Mossman, Matt (December 2017). "Crossing Guards". Harper's Magazine. Retrieved November 27, 2017.

January 01, 1970
gordie, howe, international, bridge, gordie, howe, bridge, saskatoon, gordie, howe, bridge, saskatoon, french, pont, international, gordie, howe, known, during, development, detroit, river, international, crossing, international, trade, crossing, cable, stayed. For the Gordie Howe Bridge in Saskatoon see Gordie Howe Bridge Saskatoon The Gordie Howe International Bridge French Pont International Gordie Howe known during development as the Detroit River International Crossing and the New International Trade Crossing is a cable stayed international bridge across the Detroit River currently under construction The crossing will connect Detroit Michigan United States of America and Windsor Ontario Canada by linking Interstate 75 in Michigan with Highway 401 in Ontario through the Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway extension of Highway 401 The bridge will provide uninterrupted freeway traffic flow as opposed to the current configuration with the nearby Ambassador Bridge that connects to city streets on the Ontario side The bridge is named after Canadian ice hockey player Gordie Howe whose celebrated career included 25 years with the Detroit Red Wings and who died two years before construction began Gordie Howe International BridgeRendering of the bridge by Windsor Detroit Bridge AuthorityCoordinates42 17 15 N 83 05 52 W 42 28750 N 83 09778 W 42 28750 83 09778Carries6 lanes connecting I 75 and Highway 401 plus a bike and pedestrian laneCrossesDetroit River Canada United States borderLocaleDetroit Michigan and Windsor OntarioWebsitewww wbr gordiehoweinternationalbridge wbr com wbr enCharacteristicsDesignCable stayed bridgeTotal length2 5 km 1 6 mi 1 Width37 5 m 123 ft 1 Height220 m 722 ft 1 Longest span853 m 0 53 mi 1 Piers in water0Clearance below42 m 138 ft 1 HistoryConstruction startJune 2018 2 Construction costCA 5 7 billion estimated 1 Opening2025 expected 3 Location First proposed in the early 2000s the project was met with prominent opposition by Ambassador Bridge owner Manuel Matty Moroun who believed competition from a publicly owned bridge would reduce his revenue A Canadian federal Crown corporation the Windsor Detroit Bridge Authority was established in 2012 to coordinate the bridge s construction and management Environmental approvals and other permits were approved in the United States and Canada in the early 2010s Lawsuits by Moroun alleged that the crossing agreement was illegal and the Ambassador Bridge had exclusivity rights These lawsuits were denied along with various attempts to stop property expropriations allowing the project to continue The Bridging North America consortium was selected in July 2018 to design build operate and maintain the bridge and construction began that month The CA 3 8 billion cost of construction will be funded by the Canadian federal government paid for by bridge tolls Construction is expected to be completed in 2025 Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 Detroit River International Crossing 1 3 Michigan legislation 1 4 Approvals and land acquisition 1 5 Contract award 1 6 Construction 2 Design 2 1 Artwork 3 Connections 3 1 Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway 3 2 Interstate 75 3 3 Walking and cycling 4 Community benefits 5 Opposition 6 Naming 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 2km1 2miles nbsp 4 nbsp 3 nbsp 2 nbsp 1 nbsp Crossings of the Detroit River between Detroit Michigan and Windsor Ontario Detroit is on the north bank of this stretch of river Because Detroit is generally north and west of Windsor people travelling from the United States to Canada travel south 1 Detroit Windsor Tunnel 1930 2 Michigan Central Railway Tunnel 1910 3 Ambassador Bridge 1929 4 Gordie Howe International Bridge est completion 2025 Background edit The passage across the Detroit River between the United States and Canada has been an important traffic route since the American Civil War with ferries transporting goods and people across the river 4 A railway tunnel Michigan Central Railway Tunnel was opened in July 1910 a suspension bridge for road traffic Ambassador Bridge opened in November 1929 and a road tunnel Detroit Windsor tunnel opened in 1930 5 The Ambassador Bridge is the busiest crossing on the Canada United States border 6 7 with nearly 25 of U S Canada border crossings by trucks using the bridge 8 7 The bridge has been criticized for its monopoly status as no trucks are permitted to use the tunnel private ownership by billionaire Manuel Moroun and poor maintenance record 9 10 Both the bridge and the road tunnel lack direct highway connections on the Canadian side with city streets and traffic lights between them and Ontario Highway 401 11 Detroit River International Crossing edit In the early 2000s work was begun to investigate the need for a future crossing of the Detroit River by a bi national partnership of the U S Federal Highway Administration Transport Canada Ontario Ministry of Transportation and the Michigan Department of Transportation MDOT 12 During development the project was known as the Detroit River International Crossing and the New International Trade Crossing 12 In 2004 a joint announcement by the federal government of the United States and Government of Canada confirmed a new border crossing would be constructed between Detroit and Windsor A bi national committee was formed to manage the project 13 12 An extension of Ontario Highway 401 to the future bridge was also proposed construction on this extension began in 2011 with the Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway opening in 2015 14 The various environmental approvals for the project were approved in both the United States and Canada in 2009 12 15 In 2009 the Ohio State Senate passed a non binding resolution expressing support for the crossing and urged the Michigan government to pass it due to Canada being Ohio s largest foreign trade partner with US 35 8 billion per year in goods traded between Ohio and Canada 16 In 2011 the bridge was tentatively scheduled for completion in 2016 according to the Michigan Department of Transportation 17 It was estimated the bridge would generate 70 4 million in toll revenues in its first year of operation 18 Michigan legislation edit In 2010 the Michigan Senate had not approved any authorizing legislation related to the bridge The Senate Majority Leader Mike Bishop had stated that the Senate would not vote until revenue forecasts were released reports that were being withheld by the director of the Michigan Department of Transportation The Michigan House of Representatives had already passed the measure while the bill was called doomed in the Senate 19 Michigan Governor Rick Snyder supported construction of the new crossing in his first State of the State address on January 19 2011 His plan would leverage Canadian money to receive a 160 percent match totaling 2 2 billion on funding from the Federal Highway Administration in a deal reached the week previous to the speech 20 In August 2011 Michigan State Senator Mike Kowall when asked by the Windsor Star if enabling legislation for the bridge would currently pass replied absolutely not 21 In October 2011 the Michigan Senate rejected a bill that would have allowed the state to accept 550 million from the Canadian government to fund the country s share of the bridge 17 22 One commentator Bill Mann noted the rejection saying Canada calls the new bridge its biggest infrastructure priority and has even offered to pay for the span But pesky U S special interest politics intrude once again as he reviewed a number of U S government actions and inactions that show little concern about Canadian concerns Mann drew from a Maclean s article sub titled We used to be friends 23 about U S Canada relations after the Keystone Pipeline the bridge and other insulting decisions 24 25 In June 2012 Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Michigan Governor Rick Snyder announced an agreement allowing the project to proceed 26 The Canadian federal government would fund bridge construction land acquisition in Michigan and the construction of Interstate 75 on ramps The Canadian contribution will be repaid from bridge tolls collected on the Canadian side and no tolls will be charged on the U S side 27 The crossing agreement also included community benefits for residents on both sides of the Detroit River including improvements to local neighbourhoods affected by bridge construction 28 Approvals and land acquisition edit On April 12 2013 the US Department of State and the Obama administration granted Michigan the permit required to build the bridge allowing construction to go forward once details were finalized 29 30 31 In May 2014 the United States Coast Guard issued a bridge permit the final federal approval required 12 A Canadian federal Crown corporation the Windsor Detroit Bridge Authority WDBA began work in July 2014 to coordinate the bridge s construction and management 12 32 The Canadian government allocated 25 million to begin land acquisition on the Detroit side on May 22 2013 33 In January 2015 Parsons Corporation was named the general engineering consultant for the bridge On February 18 2015 Minister of Transport Lisa Raitt announced Canada would fund the construction of a customs plaza on the U S side of the bridge in Detroit s Delray neighborhood The plaza will have a budget of around 250 million and be recouped through tolls The U S Department of Homeland Security will provide a first year investment of 150 million and an ongoing annual requirement of 50 million to cover the plaza s operational and staffing costs 34 35 On May 14 2015 during an event attended by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper it was officially announced that the bridge would be known as the Gordie Howe International Bridge after Canadian ice hockey player Gordie Howe whose celebrated career included 25 years with the Detroit Red Wings 36 In July 2015 WDBA began work procuring a consortium who would design build and finance the construction of the bridge as well as operate and maintain it over a 30 year period 12 The cost of building the Gordie Howe International Bridge escalated by CA 3 5 billion as the value of the Canadian dollar declined in 2015 2016 In January 2016 it was reported due to exchange rates and increased inflation costs could rise to CA 4 8 billion 37 In July 2016 it was announced many properties that would be required to build the bridge were still in the hands of private landowners Some properties on the American side of the river were owned by Manuel Moroun owner of the Ambassador Bridge 38 An estimated 30 of the 900 properties needed were considered to be problems if the owners resist selling 39 40 In July 2016 the CBC reported Dwight Duncan the former finance minister for Ontario had advised the Government of Canada to consider buying the Ambassador Bridge from Moroun 41 In a joint statement released after a meeting between newly elected U S president Donald Trump and Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau on February 13 2017 the two governments reiterated the support of the expeditious completion of the project 42 It was listed as a priority infrastructure project by the Donald Trump administration 43 In June 2017 the City of Detroit sold 36 city owned parcels of land underground assets and five miles of city owned streets in the Delray neighborhood which is the site of the U S Customs facility A 33 million neighborhood improvement fund for the neighborhood was set up Residents of the area can stay and have their home renovated or move to a renovated home in a different neighborhood 44 In May 2018 the Michigan Court of Appeals ruled against Moroun s attempt to stop expropriations on the Michigan side of the river allowing construction of the U S plaza to begin 45 Contract award edit nbsp nbsp nbsp Early construction of the support towers on the American side top and Canadian side middle along the Detroit River in June 2021 and construction progress as of January 2024 with both support towers nearly completed bottom On July 5 2018 WDBA was announced the consortium Bridging North America had been awarded the bridge contract using a design build finance operate and maintain structure 46 The consortium consisted of AECOM for design Dragados Canada Fluor Corporation and Aecon for construction and ACS Infrastructure Fluor and Aecon for operations and maintenance 47 48 Following construction Bridging North America will receive monthly payments for operating and maintaining the bridge over a 30 year period 49 Construction edit Construction began on July 17 2018 with groundbreaking by Minister of Infrastructure Amarjeet Sohi and Michigan Governor Rick Snyder 50 51 On September 28 2018 the WDBA announced the project would cost CA 3 8 billion to construct 52 part of a CA 5 7 billion contract with Bridging North America 49 The bridge was to be completed by the end of 2024 52 In 2019 preparatory work for major construction continued with cleaning of contaminated land 53 An effort by the Michigan Republican Party to prevent MDOT spending money on the bridge even if MDOT would later be reimbursed by Canada was reversed allowing the project to continue 54 20 million of community benefits for local residents on both sides of the Detroit River was also announced 55 In 2020 the design of new pedestrian bridges over Interstate 75 were unveiled and work began on the foundations for the bridge towers 56 57 Construction was impacted by the COVID 19 pandemic with changes to working practices travel restrictions and material shortages 57 58 In January 2021 foundation work for the bridge towers had been completed and construction of the 220 m 722 ft bridge towers was underway 59 In March 2021 work began to construct the buildings in the Canadian port of entry 12 By March 2022 legs of the bridge on both sides of the Detroit River had been completed with road deck construction underway 12 60 By November 2022 over 150 m 490 ft of the bridge towers had been completed The WDBA noted that the bridge could open in 2025 owing to delays caused by the COVID 19 pandemic however the builder of the bridge noted they were pushing for a 2024 opening date 61 By May 2023 cables used to hold up the future bridge deck were starting to be installed 62 In August 2023 the US bridge tower reached its final height of 220 m 722 ft with the Canadian bridge tower completed in December 2023 63 64 In October 2023 the WDBA explained that major construction would likely be completed by the end of 2024 with elements such as signs and lighting taking another 6 months to install 65 WDBA also noted that around 2 300 people were working on the site at the peak of construction 65 In January 2024 the WDBA announced that the bridge would open by fall 2025 a delay of 10 months from the planned opening date owing to delays caused by the COVID 19 pandemic 66 It was also confirmed that the bridge deck would be completed in 2024 66 Design editThe cable stayed bridge design is by chief bridge architect of AECOM Erik Behrens 67 68 Each of its two A shaped bridge towers standing 220 m 722 ft tall is built on opposite banks of the Detroit River 69 The road deck itself will be held up using 216 cable stays 69 It will have the longest main span of any cable stayed bridge in North America at 853 m 2 800 ft with a total bridge length of 2 5 km 1 6 mi 70 At the highest point above the Detroit River the bridge will be 46 m 151 ft above the water 69 The bridge will have six lanes for automotive traffic and a bicycle and walking path 69 On the U S side the port of entry will encompass 68 hectares 170 acres with border inspection facilities directly connecting to Interstate 75 with dedicated highway ramps 71 72 On the Canadian side the port of entry will encompass 53 hectares 130 acres with border inspection facilities toll collection and bridge maintenance facilities It will directly connect to Ontario Highway 401 71 The bicycle and walking path will connect to new and existing trails as well as bike lanes on both sides of the Detroit River 73 With traffic crossing the border expected to grow from 18 500 vehicles a day in 2016 to 26 500 by 2025 the Gordie Howe International Bridge will provide an orderly flow of people and goods between the two countries 18 Transport Canada retained the engineering firms Morrison Hershfield Davis Langdon and Delcan to develop cost estimates for right of way and utility relocation design and construction and operation and maintenance on the Canadian side of the crossing 74 Artwork edit The project will include several pieces of public art During construction artworks by local artists were placed on the jump forms within which the bridge towers were built 75 63 The art on the Canadian bridge tower was undertaken by artists from the Walpole Island and Caldwell First Nations with the art on the American bridge tower undertaken by Roberto Villalobos an artist from Southwest Detroit 76 63 A piece by artist Sara Graham involves cast concrete patterns on the outside of a maintenance building 77 Other artworks are being developed with sculptor Michael Belmore creating a 2 7 m 8 9 ft high sculpture that recognizes and celebrates First Nations 78 79 and artist Jordan Sook commissioned to create an artwork to commemorate the Underground Railroad 80 81 Another artist will be commissioned to design architectural lighting for the bridge 82 Connections editRt Hon Herb Gray Parkway edit Main article Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway nbsp The extension of Highway 401 in Windsor to the bridge opened in 2015 as the Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway In Canada the bridge will connect to an extension of Highway 401 locally named the Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway on its east side 71 The parkway is below grade and has six through lanes It follows but does not replace Talbot Road and Huron Church Road from a new interchange at the former end of Highway 401 to the E C Row Expressway where it runs concurrently westward for 2 km 1 2 mi From there it turns northwest and follows a new alignment to the border 83 The parkway also features 300 acres 1 2 km2 of green space and over 20 kilometres 12 mi of recreational trails with seven bridges and two tunnels separating the trails from roads 84 85 Full construction of the parkway began in 2011 86 and was completed in November 2015 at a cost of CA 1 4 billion 87 88 Construction of the Rt Hon Herb Gray Parkway that links to the bridge on the Canadian side was hampered by concerns it could affect Ontario s last known habitat of Butler s garter snakes 89 During the construction process biologists relocated the snakes including eastern fox snakes and the garters of which there were a larger number than originally thought with their new habitats protected by a specially designed above and below ground fencing system along affected portions of the E C Row Expressway 90 Interstate 75 edit In the United States the bridge will connect to Interstate 75 with dedicated ramps 3 km 1 9 mi of the highway will be rebuilt and widened local roads will be improved and new pedestrian bridges will be built across the highway 72 91 Noise walls will also be built to mitigate impacts to the Southwest Detroit neighbourhood 92 Walking and cycling edit The multi use path on the bridge will be the first legal pedestrian crossing of the Detroit River connecting to local streets and trails on both of its sides 73 93 The bridge will be part of the Trans Canada Trail 94 95 linking trail networks on both sides of the river including the Canadian Great Lakes Waterfront Trail as well as the American Iron Belle Trail and the Great Lakes Way 73 Crossing the bridge on foot or cycle will be free 73 Community benefits editAlongside the construction of the bridge 20 million was allocated to various community benefit projects in both the United States and Canada 55 96 Projects included support for local community groups 97 improvements to local parks and trails 98 and improvements to local streets 99 Grants were also awarded for home improvements in Delray 44 100 and to the Walpole Island First Nation 96 Contractors were also encouraged to employ residents of Detroit and Windsor and the wider Metro Detroit and Essex County areas alongside work to provide apprenticeships and training to workers 96 Opposition edit nbsp Ambassador Bridge opened in 1929 owned by the Moroun family The most vocal opposition to the new crossing came from American billionaire Manuel Matty Moroun 1927 2020 owner of the nearby Ambassador Bridge He sued the governments of Canada and Michigan to stop its construction and released a proposal to build a second span of the Ambassador Bridge which he would have owned instead 101 Critics suggest that Moroun s opposition was fueled by the prospect of lost profits from duty free gasoline sales which are exempt from about 60 cents per gallon in taxes even though the pump price to consumers is only a few cents lower 102 In early June 2011 the conservative advocacy group Americans for Prosperity posted bogus eviction notices on homes in Detroit s Delray district With the words Eviction Notice in large type the notices told homeowners their properties could be taken by the Michigan Department of Transportation to make way for the proposed new bridge The group s state director said the fake notices were intended to get residents to contact state lawmakers to ask them to vote against the bridge project 103 Americans for Prosperity charged that the project would be a waste of taxpayer money if toll revenues did not cover debt service 104 105 In July 2011 the Canadian Transit Company the Canadian side of Moroun ownership of the Ambassador Bridge 106 began running advertisements against the DRIC proposal calling it a 2 2 billion road to nowhere 107 The phone number listed for Canadian Transit Company forwarded to a phone number in Michigan 107 and the Canadian Transit Company previously held its 2011 annual meeting at the offices of the Detroit International Bridge Company 108 MPP Dwight Duncan advised that he was investigating whether or not the ads violated Ontario s election laws which disallow public spending by foreign lobbyists 107 In 2012 Moroun spent more than US 30 million promoting a proposed amendment to the Michigan Constitution that had it passed would have required approval of both the voters of Detroit and the voters of Michigan in statewide elections to build the bridge 109 NPR station Michigan Radio aired a story on November 2 four days before the vote which indicated the amendment s seemingly neutral language masks a very specific and bitter political battle 110 The ballot proposal was defeated by a 60 percent to 40 percent margin paving the way for the project to proceed 111 In the 2010s Moroun undertook several lawsuits alleging that the 2013 crossing agreement was illegal and should not have been approved by the U S State Department 112 as well as alleging that they had exclusive rights to a span connecting Detroit to Windsor 113 In 2015 the Supreme Court of the United States declined to hear a challenge by Moroun regarding the choice of location for the bridge 114 In June 2016 the last of these lawsuits by Moroun was dismissed allowing the project to continue 112 In 2018 the company aired television ads on Fox amp Friends asking President Donald Trump to cancel the project 115 In late 2019 Trump signed the first U S funding for customs and border protection for the bridge into law 116 In May 2018 the Michigan Court of Appeals ruled against Moroun s attempt to stop expropriations on the Michigan side of the river allowing construction of the bridge to begin 45 Further efforts by Moroun to prevent construction were denied in June 2020 117 In July 2020 Matty Moroun died aged 93 with his family maintaining their ownership of the Ambassador Bridge 118 In 2022 the Detroit Free Press reported that Moroun s family were preparing a case for damages following the acquisition of properties by eminent domain for bridge construction 119 Naming edit nbsp Gordie Howe with the Detroit Red Wings in the 1960s Snyder stated that he had not been crazy about naming the bridge the Detroit River International Crossing noting that DRIC was intended only to be the name of the commission sponsoring the bridge and not the bridge itself Concerns were also acknowledged that the abbreviated name was too close to that of the Detroit International Bridge Company DIBC that would be too sensitive given its objections to the project 120 Sometime afterward the working name for the project became the New International Trade Crossing NITC garnering the endorsement of 139 organizations and individuals 121 It was under the NITC name that the project was approved by the U S State Department on April 12 2013 31 In late 2010 David Bradley president of the Ontario Trucking Association proposed naming the bridge in honor of Canadian professional ice hockey player Gordie Howe who played the bulk of his career for the Detroit Red Wings The naming was supported by a number of Canadian politicians along with Howe s son Marty who felt the name would have been symbolic of him having come from Canada to spend his NHL career in Detroit 120 122 On May 14 2015 during an event attended by then Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper it was officially announced that the bridge would be known as the Gordie Howe International Bridge 36 123 Howe 87 and in ailing health did not attend the ceremony Later when asked by his son what he thought about the naming Howe remarked That sounds pretty good to me 124 Howe died one year later on June 10 2016 125 126 See also edit nbsp Transport portal nbsp Engineering portal nbsp Ontario portal nbsp Michigan portal Detroit Windsor Tunnel a car van bus link between the two cities Blue Water Bridge connecting Port Huron Michigan to Sarnia Ontario Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump List of bridges in CanadaReferences edit a b c d e f Gordie Howe Bridge By the Numbers Archived from the original on January 30 2022 Retrieved July 10 2021 Battagello Dave April 12 2013 New Detroit crossing seven years away Windsor Star Archived from the original on April 12 2014 Retrieved August 4 2013 Molnar Dale November 30 2022 Gordie Howe Bridge completion date likely in 2025 later than initial estimates officials Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on March 30 2023 Retrieved March 30 2023 Mason Philip P 1987 The Ambassador Bridge A Monument to Progress Detroit Wayne State University Press pp 31 ISBN 978 0 814 31840 9 Hanson Adriane amp Dow Kathleen 2005 2007 Finding aid for Ambassador Bridge Records 1927 1930 Special Collections Library University of Michigan Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved June 3 2014 Chapter 4 The Watery Boundary United Divide A Linear Portrait of the USA Canada Border The Center for Land Use Interpretation Winter 2015 Archived from the original on June 20 2018 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b Michigan voters could nix new bridge to Canada CBC News November 6 2012 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 In 2010 it was reported that 28 814 trucks crossed the privately owned Ambassador Bridge on a daily basis It is the busiest border crossing in North America According to the Ambassador Bridge more than 25 per cent of all merchandise trade between the U S and Canada crosses that span Almost 500 million US in trade and an average of 10 000 commercial vehicles pass daily over the Ambassador Bridge Road Transportation Transport Canada March 5 2021 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved April 11 2022 Staff July 12 2012 The Proposed New US Canada Bridge Guide to the Controversy Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on October 17 2015 Retrieved July 24 2023 Lawrence Eric October 15 2015 Ambassador Bridge rains concrete chunks down on Windsor Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on February 9 2022 Retrieved November 28 2021 Jarvis Anne November 2 2017 Jarvis Ambassador Bridge wants to be connected to the parkway Windsor Star Archived from the original on May 15 2021 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b c d e f g h i Chronology Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Detroit River International Crossing Study team DRIC Reports Canada Detroit River International Crossing Project Archived from the original on May 4 2010 Retrieved February 26 2010 Chen Dalson January 3 2013 What To Nickname the Herb Gray Parkway Windsor Star Retrieved January 15 2013 Detroit River International Crossing Study Team May 1 2008 Parkway Map PDF URS Corporation Archived from the original PDF on July 6 2011 Retrieved February 25 2010 A Resolution to Support the construction of the new Detroit River International Crossing between the United States and Canada Laws Acts and Legislation Ohio General Assembly Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved February 27 2016 a b Edmonson R G October 20 2011 Plan for Detroit Windsor Ont Bridge Dealt Blow The Journal of Commerce Archived from the original on October 22 2011 Retrieved November 24 2011 a b Oosting Jonathan June 17 2010 MDOT Report Detroit River International Crossing MLive Detroit Booth Newspapers Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved October 12 2010 Samuel Peter June 10 2010 Michigan Senate Leader Says No s on DRIC Bridge No Vote TollRoadNews Archived from the original on November 29 2010 Retrieved July 1 2010 Christoff Chris January 19 2011 Snyder Backs 2nd Bridge for First Time Detroit Free Press Retrieved January 19 2011 Schmidt Doug August 16 2011 Sides Remain Entrenched After Cross Border Tour Vote for Public Bridge Would Fail Today Says Michigan Senator Windsor Star Archived from the original on August 17 2011 Retrieved August 2 2011 Tencer Daniel November 21 2011 Canada U S Trade Michigan Senate Committee Kills New Border Crossing Huffington Post Archived from the original on March 13 2021 Retrieved June 15 2012 Mann Bill November 24 2011 Americans Should Be Thankful for Canada MarketWatch Archived from the original on December 2 2013 Retrieved November 24 2011 Savage Luiza Ch November 21 2011 The U S and Canada We Used To Be Friends Maclean s Archived from the original on November 24 2011 Retrieved November 24 2011 Mann Bill December 6 2011 A Bridge Too Difficult by Far MarketWatch Retrieved November 2 2012 Canada Michigan announce new Detroit Windsor bridge Reuters June 15 2012 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 1B Windsor Detroit Bridge Deal Struck CBC News June 15 2012 Archived from the original on August 23 2013 Retrieved June 15 2012 Community Benefits Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on August 17 2023 Retrieved August 17 2023 Battagello Dave April 12 2013 Michigan Governor Snyder Confirms Permit for DRIC Approved Windsor Star Archived from the original on November 14 2013 Retrieved April 12 2013 New Windsor Detroit bridge gets Obama s OK CBC News April 12 2013 Archived from the original on August 28 2013 Retrieved April 12 2013 a b Issuance of Presidential Permit for New International Trade Crossing Press release United States Department of State April 12 2013 2013 0402 Retrieved April 12 2013 DRIC bridge executive teams loaded with financial expertise but nobody local Windsor Star Archived from the original on July 2 2015 Battagello Dave May 22 2013 Canada to start buying property in Delray for DRIC bridge Windsor Star Archived from the original on April 12 2014 Retrieved August 4 2013 250M U S customs plaza to be paid for by Canada CBC News Archived from the original on February 24 2015 Retrieved May 14 2015 Deal for new customs plaza in Detroit announced Detroit Free Press February 18 2015 Archived from the original on December 1 2020 Retrieved May 14 2015 a b Gordie Howe International Bridge to connect Windsor and Detroit CBC News May 14 2015 Archived from the original on February 13 2021 Retrieved May 14 2015 Gordie Howe bridge costs skyrocketing thanks to tumbling loonie Windsor Star The Canadian Press January 4 2016 Archived from the original on July 16 2018 Retrieved October 4 2018 Gordie Howe Bridge Authority ready to take on Moroun over land needed for crossing CBC News April 28 2017 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Gordie Howe bridge faces delays on both sides of border CBC News July 10 2016 Archived from the original on August 24 2016 Retrieved August 24 2016 Kurth Joel May 3 2018 A new bridge is dawning in Detroit Matty Moroun isn t the only one unhappy Michigan Radio Archived from the original on November 17 2019 Retrieved December 13 2019 Canada should consider buying Ambassador Bridge Ottawa told CBC News July 28 2016 Archived from the original on August 20 2016 Retrieved August 24 2016 Battagello Dave February 13 2017 Howe bridge highlighted during Trudeau Trump meeting Windsor Star Archived from the original on September 21 2021 Retrieved November 19 2021 Trump makes 137bn list of emergency infrastructure schemes all needing private finance Global Construction Review January 30 2018 Archived from the original on May 13 2019 Retrieved February 10 2019 a b Runyan Robin June 23 2017 City sells land in Delray for Gordie Howe International Bridge Curbed Detroit Archived from the original on June 27 2018 Retrieved June 27 2018 a b Appeal to stop Gordie Howe Bridge project fails in Michigan court CBC News May 10 2018 Archived from the original on June 28 2018 Retrieved June 27 2018 Chen Dalsen July 5 2018 Bridging North America will build Gordie Howe International Bridge Windsor Star Archived from the original on October 22 2021 Retrieved November 19 2021 Bridging North America Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved March 4 2020 Gordie Howe bridge will be the longest cable stayed bridge in North America CBC News July 5 2018 Archived from the original on October 1 2020 Retrieved July 5 2018 a b Gordie Howe International Bridge to cost 5 7B create 2 500 jobs CTV News Windsor September 27 2018 Archived from the original on March 6 2022 Retrieved July 24 2023 Fraser Kaitie July 17 2018 Canada s infrastructure minister Mich governor break ground on Gordie Howe International Bridge CBC News Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Gallagher John July 17 2018 Gov Snyder on Gordie Howe bridge start today We need this bridge Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on June 1 2021 Retrieved July 28 2018 a b 3 8B to build Gordie Howe bridge complete by end of 2024 CBC News September 28 2018 Archived from the original on October 10 2021 Retrieved September 29 2018 WDBA says land on Michigan side of Gordie Howe bridge is contaminated CTV News Windsor April 15 2019 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Republicans reverse earlier proposal to stop Michigan spending on Gordie Howe Bridge CBC News June 13 2019 Retrieved November 3 2023 a b 20M in community benefits for Windsor Detroit announced as part of Gordie Howe Bridge Project CTV News Windsor June 14 2019 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Jr Dave Bartkowiak January 9 2020 Gordie Howe International Bridge project includes 5 new pedestrian bridges WDIV Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b Chernos Saul August 12 2020 Spanning the border COVID 19 may be a game changer but hasn t halted progress at Gordie Howe bridge On Site Magazine Retrieved November 3 2023 Borrelli Melanie September 28 2020 We have not slowed down Gordie Howe bridge project progresses during pandemic CTV News Windsor Retrieved November 3 2023 Garton Rich January 4 2021 Banner year expected as tower construction begins on Gordie Howe Bridge CTV News Windsor Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Gordie Howe Bridge reaches construction milestone as officials announce details for Sandwich Street improvements CTV News Windsor March 9 2022 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Gordie Howe Bridge completion date likely in 2025 later than initial estimates officials CBC News November 30 2022 Archived from the original on March 30 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Battagello Dave May 10 2023 Support cables going up as Gordie Howe bridge work progresses Windsor Star Archived from the original on May 10 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b c Battagello Dave August 30 2023 Completion of Gordie Howe bridge reaches another milestone Windsor Star Retrieved August 31 2023 Maluske Michelle December 9 2023 Gordie Howe International Bridge construction reaches significant milestone CTV News Windsor Retrieved December 19 2023 a b Vicci Gino October 19 2023 Gordie Howe International Bridge on schedule for completion CBS Detroit CBS Detroit Retrieved November 1 2023 a b New bridge connecting Detroit to Canada won t open until fall 2025 CTV News January 4 2024 Retrieved January 17 2024 Welch Adrian January 15 2019 Gordie Howe International Bridge e architect Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved March 4 2020 AECOM to build the longest cable stayed bridge in North America Designboom January 14 2019 Archived from the original on July 29 2020 Retrieved March 4 2020 a b c d Hakimian Rob October 24 2023 Future of Bridges Detroit Windsor cable stay bridge boosts US Canada transport links New Civil Engineer Retrieved November 1 2023 Backgrounder PDF Windsor Detroit Bridge Authority July 5 2018 Archived PDF from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved July 5 2018 a b c Project Overview Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on July 11 2021 Retrieved July 24 2023 a b Michigan Interchange Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on May 2 2023 Retrieved May 8 2023 a b c d Waddell Dave September 9 2022 Binational trail system planned to be linked by Gordie Howe bridge Windsor Star Archived from the original on September 9 2022 Retrieved August 11 2023 Report to the Legislature of the State of Michigan Responding to Public Act 116 of 2009 Section 384 PDF Report Michigan Department of Transportation May 1 2010 Archived PDF from the original on July 15 2011 Retrieved October 12 2010 Fraser Kaitie November 28 2020 Indigenous art set to soar on Gordie Howe International Bridge project CBC News Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Bridge Tower Artwork Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Artist shares vision with the world on Gordie Howe International Bridge CBC News February 15 2023 Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Battagello Dave June 18 2023 Indigenous artist commissioned for Gordie Howe bridge project Windsor Star Archived from the original on June 19 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Public Art Commission Indigenous sculpture Gordie Howe International Bridge March 2023 Archived from the original on August 17 2023 Retrieved August 17 2023 Gordie Howe Bridge to feature art that commemorates the Underground Railroad CBC News March 9 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Contemporary Canadian Artist Selected to Create Commemorative Artwork on Gordie Howe International Bridge Project Gordie Howe International Bridge November 6 2023 Retrieved November 6 2023 Visual Art Program Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on July 24 2023 Retrieved July 24 2023 Detroit River International Crossing Study Team May 1 2008 Parkway Map PDF URS Corporation Archived from the original PDF on July 6 2011 Retrieved February 26 2010 Battagello Dave December 27 2015 New parkway trails to open amid much fanfare Windsor Star Retrieved August 27 2023 Pomerleau Jason Herb Gray Parkway Trail Tourism Windsor Essex Pelee Island Retrieved August 27 2023 Puzic Sonja May 7 2011 Parkway Work To Start in August MPP Says Windsor Star Archived from the original on August 11 2011 Retrieved May 10 2011 Herb Gray Parkway construction work is all done Transportation Minister says CBC News November 20 2015 Archived from the original on December 13 2015 Retrieved August 24 2016 The Windsor Essex Parkway PDF Infrastructureontario ca Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2016 Retrieved February 27 2016 Snake in path of parkway Windsor Star January 7 2010 Archived from the original on August 8 2015 Vander Doelen Chris August 31 2012 Windsor Essex Parkway One Year Later Windsor Star Archived from the original on November 20 2021 Retrieved November 19 2021 US Port of Entry and Michigan Interchange Ramp Construction Gordie Howe International Bridge Archived from the original on August 17 2023 Retrieved August 17 2023 I 75 Noise Walls Gordie Howe International Bridge 2022 Archived from the original on August 17 2023 Retrieved August 17 2023 Ellison Garret September 13 2022 Bike pedestrian path to Canada coming to new international bridge mlive Retrieved November 3 2023 Kentner Melanie February 9 2024 Gordie Howe International Bridge joins Trans Canada Trail CTV Windsor Retrieved February 10 2024 Campbell Taylor February 9 2024 Gordie Howe becomes first international bridge to join Trans Canada Trail Windsor Star Retrieved February 10 2024 a b c Community Benefits Gordie Howe International Bridge Retrieved November 1 2023 Gordie Howe Bridge donates another 50 000 to Detroit and Delray groups FOX 2 Detroit June 16 2021 Retrieved November 3 2023 Campbell Taylor November 2 2023 Gordie Howe bridge team unveils Malden Park observation area Windsor Star Retrieved November 3 2023 Maru Sanjay March 9 2022 Gordie Howe Bridge reaches construction milestone as officials announce details for Sandwich Street improvements CTV News Windsor Retrieved November 3 2023 Mann Priya July 27 2023 Delray residents impacted by Detroit bridge construction can get home repairs for free here s how WDIV Retrieved November 3 2023 Ambassador Bridge Boss Sues Canada U S CBC News March 26 2010 Archived from the original on December 16 2010 Retrieved April 20 2011 Bell Dawson April 25 2011 Tax Free Fuel Sales Are Bonanza for Ambassador Bridge Owners Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on January 28 2016 Retrieved April 25 2011 Gallagher John June 7 2011 Conservative Group Fake Eviction Notices Were Meant To Startle People Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on June 10 2011 Retrieved June 7 2011 White Joseph B October 10 2011 Is Span Plan a Bridge Too Far The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on April 19 2015 Retrieved April 19 2015 Christoff Chris September 16 2011 Detroit Span Owner Keeps Canada Crossing With Koch Aid Bloomberg Business Archived from the original on May 25 2015 Retrieved April 19 2015 Avalon Consulting Professionals of Ontario April 2011 Appendix K Windsor Official Plan CEAA Environmental Impact Assessment PDF Report Canadian Transit Company Archived PDF from the original on April 20 2012 Retrieved December 16 2011 a b c LeBlanc Daniel July 20 2011 Are U S Opponents of Windsor Bridge Trying To Influence Election The Globe and Mail Toronto Archived from the original on July 21 2011 Retrieved July 20 2011 Stamper Dan May 14 2011 Miscellaneous Notices The Canadian Transit Company Canada Gazette 145 20 Archived from the original on May 21 2011 Retrieved August 3 2011 Bomey Nathan Snavely Brent October 12 2012 UAW Moroun Said To Be Allies in Battle To Block New U S Canada Bridge Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on October 15 2012 Retrieved October 16 2012 Cwiek Sarah November 2 2012 In Michigan A Contentious Battle Over A Bridge Michigan Radio Archived from the original on November 3 2012 Retrieved November 2 2012 Transport Minister Says Path Clear for Detroit Windsor Bridge CBC News November 7 2012 Archived from the original on November 7 2012 Retrieved November 7 2012 a b Spangler Todd June 21 2016 Judge voids last count in Moroun lawsuit against feds Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on August 11 2023 Retrieved August 11 2023 Billionaire Matty Moroun Largely Loses In International Bridge Dispute With State CBS Detroit www cbsnews com September 30 2015 Retrieved August 11 2023 Spangler Todd February 23 2015 Supreme Court turns down Moroun challenge to new bridge Detroit Free Press Retrieved August 11 2023 Spangler Todd June 20 2018 Moroun TV ad asks Trump to pick America reject Gordie Howe bridge Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on June 30 2019 Retrieved September 29 2018 Mauger Craig January 2 2020 Gordie Howe bridge project scores 15 million in federal funds The Detroit News Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 Livengood Chad June 18 2020 Court of Appeals rejects Moroun challenges to Gordie Howe bridge project Crains Detroit Retrieved November 1 2023 Gallagher John July 14 2020 Manuel Matty Moroun controversial bridge owner and trucking magnate dies at 93 Detroit Free Press Retrieved November 1 2023 Macdonald Christine Mcmurtrie Layla August 18 2022 Moroun builds case for substantial damages over his properties lost to competing bridge Detroit Free Press Retrieved November 1 2023 a b Wattrick Jeff February 3 2011 Forget the DRIC How About the Gordie Howe International Bridge MLive Detroit Archived from the original on June 18 2018 Retrieved February 5 2011 Supporting the New International Trade Crossing and Public Private Partnership Legislation PDF Detroit Free Press Report April 21 2011 Archived PDF from the original on October 6 2012 Retrieved May 9 2011 Noble Chris February 8 2011 Gordie Howe Bridge Floated as New Span s Name MarketWatch Archived from the original on June 10 2016 Retrieved November 2 2012 Gallagher John May 14 2015 Mr Hockey gets his own bridge Detroit Free Press Archived from the original on July 11 2021 Retrieved December 13 2019 Snyder Naming bridge after Gordie Howe a no brainer The Detroit News Archived from the original on April 24 2019 Retrieved November 16 2018 Movement grows to rename arena Gordie Howe Arena WJBK News June 10 2016 Archived from the original on January 20 2017 Retrieved June 12 2016 Gordie Howe expose en chapelle ardente Gordie Howe Visitation in Emotional Chapel Le Journal de Montreal in French June 11 2016 Archived from the original on June 11 2016 Retrieved June 12 2016 External links editWindsor Detroit Bridge Authority WDBA official website Detroit River International Crossing Project New International Trade Crossing from the State of Michigan Video of the Highway 401 extension that will connect to the Gordie Howe Bridge Mossman Matt December 2017 Crossing Guards Harper s Magazine Retrieved November 27 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gordie Howe International Bridge amp oldid 1218184250, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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