Echinochloa frumentacea (Indian barnyard millet, sawa millet, or billion dollar grass)[2] is a species of Echinochloa. Both Echinochloa frumentacea and E. esculenta are called Japanese millet. This millet is widely grown as a cereal in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Its wild ancestor is the tropical grass Echinochloa colona,[3] but the exact date or region of domestication is uncertain. It is cultivated on marginal lands where rice and other crops will not grow well. The grains are cooked in water, like rice, or boiled with milk and sugar. Sometimes it is fermented to make beer. While also being part of staple diet for some communities in India, these seeds are, in particular, (cooked and) eaten during religiousfasting (willingly abstaining from some types of food / food ingredients). For this reason, these seeds are commonly also referred to as "vrat ke chawal" in Hindi (i.e., "rice for fasting", literally). Other common names to identify these seeds include oodalu (ಊದಲು) in Kannada, Shyamak (শ্যামাক) or Shyama Chal (শ্যামা চাল) in Bangla, jhangora in the Garhwal Hills, bhagar (भगर) in Marathi-speaking areas, samo or morio (mario, moraiaya) seeds in Gujarati, bonthasaamalu (బొంతసామలు) in Telugu,[4] and kuthiraivaali (குதிரைவாளி) in Tamil.
^Hilu, Khidir W. (1994). "Evidence from RAPD markers in the evolution of Echinochloa millets (Poaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 189 (3): 247–257. doi:10.1007/BF00939730. S2CID 33838562.
echinochloa, frumentacea, indian, barnyard, millet, sawa, millet, billion, dollar, grass, species, echinochloa, both, esculenta, called, japanese, millet, this, millet, widely, grown, cereal, india, pakistan, nepal, wild, ancestor, tropical, grass, echinochloa. Echinochloa frumentacea Indian barnyard millet sawa millet or billion dollar grass 2 is a species of Echinochloa Both Echinochloa frumentacea and E esculenta are called Japanese millet This millet is widely grown as a cereal in India Pakistan and Nepal Its wild ancestor is the tropical grass Echinochloa colona 3 but the exact date or region of domestication is uncertain It is cultivated on marginal lands where rice and other crops will not grow well The grains are cooked in water like rice or boiled with milk and sugar Sometimes it is fermented to make beer While also being part of staple diet for some communities in India these seeds are in particular cooked and eaten during religious fasting willingly abstaining from some types of food food ingredients For this reason these seeds are commonly also referred to as vrat ke chawal in Hindi i e rice for fasting literally Other common names to identify these seeds include oodalu ಊದಲ in Kannada Shyamak শ য ম ক or Shyama Chal শ য ম চ ল in Bangla jhangora in the Garhwal Hills bhagar भगर in Marathi speaking areas samo or morio mario moraiaya seeds in Gujarati bonthasaamalu బ తస మల in Telugu 4 and kuthiraivaali க த ர வ ள in Tamil Echinochloa frumentacea Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Monocots Clade Commelinids Order Poales Family Poaceae Subfamily Panicoideae Genus Echinochloa Species E frumentacea Binomial name Echinochloa frumentaceaLink Synonyms 1 Echinochloa colona var frumentacea Link Ridl Echinochloa crus galli var edulis Hitchc nom illeg Echinochloa crus galli var edulis Honda Echinochloa crus galli var frumentacea Link W F Wright Echinochloa crusgalli var frumentacea W Wight Echinochloa glabrescens var barbata Kossenko Oplismenus frumentaceus Link Kunth Panicum crus galli var edule Hitchc Thell ex de Lesd Panicum crus galli var edulis Hitchc Makino amp Nemoto Panicum crus galli var frumentacea Link Trimen Panicum crus galli var frumentaceum Roxb Trimen Panicum frumentaceum Roxb nom illeg Echinochloa frumentacea MHNT Pests editInsect pests include 5 Root feeders white grubs Holotrichia sp Anomala dimidiata and Apogonia sp in India Seedling feeders shoot fly Atherigona falcata Atherigona pulla Atherigona simplex Atherigona soccata Atherigona oryzae and Atherigona nudiseta armyworm Mythimna separata thrips Haplothrips ganglbaueri stem borers Sesamia inferens Chilo partellus and Chilo diffusilineus Sucking pests leafhoppers Nephotettix cincticeps Sogatella furcifera and Sogatella kolophon plant hoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Peregrinus maidis leaf bug Cletus punctiger aphids Hysteroneura setariae and Macrosiphum eleusines Leaf feeders grasshoppers Acrida exaltata Atractomorpha crenulata Hieroglyphus banian Hieroglyphus daganensis Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Oxya nitidula and Oxya bidentata leaf caterpillar Euproctis similis Developing grain pests bugs Agonoscelis pubescens Dolycoris indicus and Nezara viridulaSee also editEchinochloa esculenta also called Japanese barnyard milletReferences edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Echinochloa frumentacea The Plant List Echinochloa frumentacea USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet Hilu Khidir W 1994 Evidence from RAPD markers in the evolution of Echinochloa millets Poaceae Plant Systematics and Evolution 189 3 247 257 doi 10 1007 BF00939730 S2CID 33838562 https andhrabharati com dictionary index php w E0 B0 AC E0 B1 8A E0 B0 82 E0 B0 A4 E0 B0 9A E0 B0 BE E0 B0 AE E0 B0 B2 E0 B1 81 Kalaisekar A 2017 Insect pests of millets systematics bionomics and management London Elsevier ISBN 978 0 12 804243 4 OCLC 967265246 nbsp This Panicoideae article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Echinochloa frumentacea amp oldid 1222987063, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
