The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.[1]Dōngzhì, Tōji, Dongji, Tunji (in Okinawan), or Đông chí (in Vietnamese) is the 22nd solar term, and marks the winter solstice. The term begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 270° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 285°[disputed – discuss]. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 21 December (22 December East Asia time) and ends around 5 January.
In common usage, Dongzhi more often refers to the particular day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 270°.
Along with equinoxes, solstices (traditional Chinese: 至點; simplified Chinese: 至日; "extreme day") mark the middle of Traditional Chinese calendar seasons. Thus, in "冬至", the Chinese character "至" means "extreme", which implies "solstices", and therefore the term for the winter solstice directly signifies the summit of winter, as "midwinter" is used in English.
Sunlight directed through the 17 arches of Seventeen Arch Bridge, Summer Palace, Beijing around winter solstice
In China, Dongzhi was originally celebrated as an end-of-harvest festival. Today, it is observed with a family reunion over the long night. In southern China, pink and white tangyuan are eaten in sweet broth to symbolise family unity and prosperity, whereas in northern China, the traditional Dongzhi food is jiaozi.[citation needed]
Koreaedit
In Korea, the winter solstice is also called the "Small Seol," and there is a custom of celebrating the day. People make porridge with red beans known as patjuk (팥죽) and round rice cakes (새알심saealsim) with sticky rice. In the past, red bean porridge soup was sprayed on walls or doors because it was said to ward off bad ghosts. In addition, there was a custom in the early days of the Goryeo and Joseon Period in which people in financial difficulty settled all their debts and enjoyed the day.[2]
Japanedit
In Japan, the name of the solar term is Tōji. On this day, it is customary to drink grapefruit hot water and eat pumpkin in certain places. White flowers begin to bloom around the winter solstice.[citation needed]
Pentadsedit
Each solar term is divided into three pentads which are typically named after seasonal natural events. The pentads during Dongzhi are:[citation needed]
蚯蚓結, 'Earthworms form knots', referring to the hibernation of earthworms.
dongzhi, solar, term, other, uses, dongzhi, county, chinese, paralympic, archer, dong, archer, also, winter, solstice, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsour. For other uses see Dongzhi County For the Chinese paralympic archer see Dong Zhi archer See also Winter solstice This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Dongzhi solar term news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms 1 Dōngzhi Tōji Dongji Tunji in Okinawan or Đong chi in Vietnamese is the 22nd solar term and marks the winter solstice The term begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 270 and ends when it reaches the longitude of 285 disputed discuss In the Gregorian calendar it usually begins around 21 December 22 December East Asia time and ends around 5 January DongzhiChinese nameChinese冬至Literal meaningwinter s extreme i e winter solstice TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyindōngzhiBopomofoㄉㄨㄙ ㄓㄧˋYue CantoneseYale Romanizationdung jiJyutpingdung1 zi3Vietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetđong chiChữ Han冬至Korean nameHangul동지Hanja冬至TranscriptionsRevised RomanizationdongjiJapanese nameKanji冬至HiraganaとうじTranscriptionsRomanizationtōjiIn common usage Dongzhi more often refers to the particular day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 270 Along with equinoxes solstices traditional Chinese 至點 simplified Chinese 至日 extreme day mark the middle of Traditional Chinese calendar seasons Thus in 冬至 the Chinese character 至 means extreme which implies solstices and therefore the term for the winter solstice directly signifies the summit of winter as midwinter is used in English Contents 1 Culture 1 1 China 1 2 Korea 1 3 Japan 2 Pentads 3 Date and time 4 See also 5 ReferencesCulture editSee also Dongzhi Festival China edit nbsp Sunlight directed through the 17 arches of Seventeen Arch Bridge Summer Palace Beijing around winter solsticeIn China Dongzhi was originally celebrated as an end of harvest festival Today it is observed with a family reunion over the long night In southern China pink and white tangyuan are eaten in sweet broth to symbolise family unity and prosperity whereas in northern China the traditional Dongzhi food is jiaozi citation needed Korea edit In Korea the winter solstice is also called the Small Seol and there is a custom of celebrating the day People make porridge with red beans known as patjuk 팥죽 and round rice cakes 새알심 saealsim with sticky rice In the past red bean porridge soup was sprayed on walls or doors because it was said to ward off bad ghosts In addition there was a custom in the early days of the Goryeo and Joseon Period in which people in financial difficulty settled all their debts and enjoyed the day 2 Japan edit In Japan the name of the solar term is Tōji On this day it is customary to drink grapefruit hot water and eat pumpkin in certain places White flowers begin to bloom around the winter solstice citation needed Pentads editEach solar term is divided into three pentads which are typically named after seasonal natural events The pentads during Dongzhi are citation needed 蚯蚓結 Earthworms form knots referring to the hibernation of earthworms 麋角解 Deer shed their antlers 水泉動 Spring water moves Date and time editSolar term Term Longitude DatesLichun 315 4 5 FebruaryYushui 330 18 19 FebruaryJingzhe 345 5 6 MarchChunfen 0 20 21 MarchQingming 15 4 5 AprilGuyu 30 20 21 AprilLixia 45 5 6 MayXiaoman 60 21 22 MayMangzhong 75 5 6 JuneXiazhi 90 21 22 JuneXiaoshu 105 7 8 JulyDashu 120 22 23 JulyLiqiu 135 7 8 AugustChushu 150 23 24 AugustBailu 165 7 8 SeptemberQiufen 180 23 24 SeptemberHanlu 195 8 9 OctoberShuangjiang 210 23 24 OctoberLidong 225 7 8 NovemberXiaoxue 240 22 23 NovemberDaxue 255 7 8 DecemberDongzhi 270 21 22 DecemberXiaohan 285 5 6 JanuaryDahan 300 20 21 JanuaryDate and Time UTC year begin end辛巳 2001 12 21 19 21 2002 01 05 12 43壬午 2002 12 22 01 14 2003 01 05 18 27癸未 2003 12 22 07 03 2004 01 06 00 18甲申 2004 12 21 12 41 2005 01 05 06 03乙酉 2005 12 21 18 34 2006 01 05 11 46丙戌 2006 12 22 00 22 2007 01 05 17 40丁亥 2007 12 22 06 07 2008 01 05 23 24戊子 2008 12 21 12 03 2009 01 05 05 14己丑 2009 12 21 17 46 2010 01 05 11 08庚寅 2010 12 21 23 38 2011 01 05 16 54辛卯 2011 12 22 05 30 2012 01 05 22 43壬辰 2012 12 21 11 11 2013 01 05 04 33癸巳 2013 12 21 17 11 2014 01 05 10 24甲午 2014 12 21 23 03 2015 01 05 16 20乙未 2015 12 22 04 45 2016 01 05 22 09丙申 2016 12 21 10 43 2017 01 05 03 54丁酉 2017 12 21 16 29 2018 01 05 09 47戊戌 2018 12 21 22 23 2019 01 05 15 41己亥 2019 12 22 04 17 2020 01 05 21 31庚子 2020 12 21 10 01 2021 01 05 03 22辛丑 2021 12 21 15 59 2022 01 05 9 14壬寅 2022 12 21 21 48 2023 01 05 15 05癸卯 2023 12 22 3 27 2024 01 05 20 49甲辰 2024 12 21 9 21 2025 01 05 02 33Source JPL Horizons On Line Ephemeris SystemSource for 2021 24 Hong Kong Observatory 3 See also editDongzhi Festival Winter solsticeReferences edit Zhang Peiyu Hunag Hongfeng 1994 The Twenty four Solar Terms of the Chinese Calendar and the Calculation for Them Purple Mountain Observatory Archived from the original on 12 June 2021 Retrieved 9 March 2021 동지 terms naver com in Korean Retrieved 28 March 2021 Date and Time of the 24 Solar Terms Hong Kong Observatory Retrieved 21 December 2023 Preceded byDaxue 大雪 Solar term 節氣 Succeeded byXiaohan 小寒 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dongzhi solar term amp oldid 1205330604, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
