"Chapote" redirects here. For other uses, see Sapote.
Diospyros texana is a species of persimmon that is native to central, south and west Texas and southwest Oklahoma in the United States, and eastern Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico. Common names include Texas persimmon, Mexican persimmon and the more ambiguous "black persimmon".[1] It is known in Spanish as chapote, chapote manzano, or chapote prieto,[2] all of which are derived from the Nahuatl word tzapotl. That word also refers to several other fruit-bearing trees.[3]
The seeds, leaves, bark, ripe, and unripe fruit of the persimmon.
Diospyros texana is a multi-trunked small tree or large shrub[2] with a lifespan of 30 to 50 years.[4] It usually grows to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height, but can reach 12 m (39 ft) on good sites.[5] The bark is smooth and light reddish gray[6] and peels away from mature trees to reveal shades of pink, white, and gray on the trunk.[7]
LeavesEdit
The sclerophyllusleaves[5] are obovate, dark green, 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) long and 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) wide. Apexes are obtuse to emarginate. Upper surfaces are glossy while lower surfaces are covered in fine hairs and lack basilaminar glands. Leaves are attached to 0.1–0.5 cm (0.039–0.197 in) petioles.[6] Trees are deciduous in the north of their range and become evergreen further south.[5]
FlowersEdit
Diospyros texana is dioecious (separate male and female trees) and produces flowers starting in March or April. The flowers are white, urn shaped,[8] and 0.8–1.6 cm (0.31–0.63 in) wide. They have five sepals, five petals, 16 stamens, and four styles. Flowers are solitary or form on cymes of two to three.[6]
FruitEdit
The fruits of D. texana are black, subglobose berries with a diameter of 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) that ripen in August.[6] Berries contain three to eight[9] light red, triangular seeds around 0.8 cm (0.31 in) in length.[6]
The sapwood of Texas persimmon is clear yellow, while the heartwood, found only in very large trees, is black (ebony), like that of the related D. ebenum.[8] The heartwood is hard and dense and takes a high polish. It is used to make engraving blocks, artwork, and tools.[5] The fleshy berries are edible and sweet when ripe[8] and are used in puddings and custards; they are also relished by many species of birds and mammals. However, they are astringent when unripe.[15]
They were traditionally used by Native Americans to make a black dye for animal hides and are still used for this purpose in Mexico.[5] The small size, peeling bark, intricate branching, and drought tolerance of D. texana make it useful as an ornamental.[7]
^ abc"Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana)". Chihuahuan Desert Plants. University of Texas at El Paso. 2006-04-17. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
^Watson, George (April 1938). "Nahuatl Words in American English". American Speech. 13 (2): 113–114. doi:10.2307/451954. JSTOR 451954.
^Valley Proud Environmental Council (2003-11-19). (PDF). Brownsville Public Utilities Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
^ abcdefgCarey, Jennifer H. (1994). "Diospyros texana". Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
^ abcdefg"Diospyros texana Scheele". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
^NatureServe (2003). (PDF). International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2009-11-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Hathcock, Chris (October 2008). "Uses of Native Plants Found at Parras de la Fuente" (PDF). The Sabal. Native Plant Project. 25 (7).
^Pezo, Danilo; Muhammad Ibrahim (1998). Sistemas Silvopastoriles. Biblioteca Orton IICA/CATIE. ISBN978-9977-57-301-4.
^Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 635. ISBN0-394-50760-6.
External linksEdit
"Diospyros texana" (PDF). Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (and other publications). United States Geological Survey.
October 19, 2023
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Chapote redirects here For other uses see Sapote Diospyros texana is a species of persimmon that is native to central south and west Texas and southwest Oklahoma in the United States and eastern Chihuahua Coahuila Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico Common names include Texas persimmon Mexican persimmon and the more ambiguous black persimmon 1 It is known in Spanish as chapote chapote manzano or chapote prieto 2 all of which are derived from the Nahuatl word tzapotl That word also refers to several other fruit bearing trees 3 Diospyros texanaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder EricalesFamily EbenaceaeGenus DiospyrosSpecies D texanaBinomial nameDiospyros texanaScheele 1 Natural range Contents 1 Description 1 1 Leaves 1 2 Flowers 1 3 Fruit 2 Habitat 3 Uses 4 Ecology 5 References 6 External linksDescription Edit nbsp The seeds leaves bark ripe and unripe fruit of the persimmon Diospyros texana is a multi trunked small tree or large shrub 2 with a lifespan of 30 to 50 years 4 It usually grows to 3 m 9 8 ft in height but can reach 12 m 39 ft on good sites 5 The bark is smooth and light reddish gray 6 and peels away from mature trees to reveal shades of pink white and gray on the trunk 7 Leaves Edit The sclerophyllus leaves 5 are obovate dark green 2 5 cm 0 79 1 97 in long and 1 3 cm 0 39 1 18 in wide Apexes are obtuse to emarginate Upper surfaces are glossy while lower surfaces are covered in fine hairs and lack basilaminar glands Leaves are attached to 0 1 0 5 cm 0 039 0 197 in petioles 6 Trees are deciduous in the north of their range and become evergreen further south 5 Flowers Edit Diospyros texana is dioecious separate male and female trees and produces flowers starting in March or April The flowers are white urn shaped 8 and 0 8 1 6 cm 0 31 0 63 in wide They have five sepals five petals 16 stamens and four styles Flowers are solitary or form on cymes of two to three 6 Fruit Edit The fruits of D texana are black subglobose berries with a diameter of 1 5 2 5 cm 0 59 0 98 in that ripen in August 6 Berries contain three to eight 9 light red triangular seeds around 0 8 cm 0 31 in in length 6 Habitat EditTexas persimmon can be found at elevations from sea level to 1 800 m 5 900 ft 6 It inhabits the Edwards Plateau 5 the Chihuahuan Desert 2 the southern third of the Western Gulf coastal grasslands 10 the Tamaulipan mezquital 11 and the Tamaulipan matorral 12 13 Throughout its range D texana favors riparian zones 5 prairie margins and rocky slopes 6 It prefers well drained alkaline soils 14 Uses EditThe sapwood of Texas persimmon is clear yellow while the heartwood found only in very large trees is black ebony like that of the related D ebenum 8 The heartwood is hard and dense and takes a high polish It is used to make engraving blocks artwork and tools 5 The fleshy berries are edible and sweet when ripe 8 and are used in puddings and custards they are also relished by many species of birds and mammals However they are astringent when unripe 15 They were traditionally used by Native Americans to make a black dye for animal hides and are still used for this purpose in Mexico 5 The small size peeling bark intricate branching and drought tolerance of D texana make it useful as an ornamental 7 Ecology EditDiospyros texana is a host plant for the caterpillars of the grey hairstreak Strymon melinus and Henry s elfin Callophrys henrici 8 References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diospyros texana nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Diospyros texana a b Diospyros texana Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 2009 11 21 a b c Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana Chihuahuan Desert Plants University of Texas at El Paso 2006 04 17 Retrieved 2009 11 24 Watson George April 1938 Nahuatl Words in American English American Speech 13 2 113 114 doi 10 2307 451954 JSTOR 451954 Valley Proud Environmental Council 2003 11 19 Tree Guide for the Rio Grande Valley of Texas PDF Brownsville Public Utilities Board Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 08 Retrieved 2009 10 20 a b c d e f g Carey Jennifer H 1994 Diospyros texana Fire Effects Information System United States Forest Service Retrieved 2009 11 24 a b c d e f g Diospyros texana Scheele Flora of North America eFloras org Retrieved 2009 11 27 a b Texas Persimmon Mexican Persimmon Black Persimmon Chapote Benny Simpson s Texas Native Trees Texas A amp M University Retrieved 2009 11 21 a b c d Diospyros texana Scheele Native Plant Information Network Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Retrieved 2009 11 29 Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana Field Guides eNature Archived from the original on 2011 06 14 Retrieved 2009 11 27 Western Gulf Coastal grasslands Terrestrial Ecoregions World Wildlife Fund Retrieved 2009 11 24 NatureServe 2003 Tamaulipan Thornscrub Ecoregion PDF International Classification of Ecological Communities Terrestrial Vegetation Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 24 Retrieved 2009 11 25 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Hathcock Chris October 2008 Uses of Native Plants Found at Parras de la Fuente PDF The Sabal Native Plant Project 25 7 Pezo Danilo Muhammad Ibrahim 1998 Sistemas Silvopastoriles Biblioteca Orton IICA CATIE ISBN 978 9977 57 301 4 University of Texas Diospyros texana Little Elbert L 1980 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees Eastern Region New York Knopf p 635 ISBN 0 394 50760 6 External links Edit Diospyros texana PDF Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from Atlas of United States Trees by Elbert L Little Jr and other publications United States Geological Survey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Diospyros texana amp oldid 1059413332, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
