In botany, the trunk (or bole) is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree,[1] which is an important feature in tree identification, and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species.
Trunks occur both in "true" woody plants and non-woody plants such as palms and other monocots, though the internal physiology is different in each case. In all plants, trunks thicken over time due to the formation of secondary growth, or, in monocots, pseudo-secondary growth. Trunks can be vulnerable to damage, including sunburn.
Vocabularyedit
Trunks which are cut down for making lumber are generally called logs; if they are cut to a specific length, called bolts. The term "log" is informally used in English to describe any felled trunk not rooted in the ground, whose roots are detached. A stump is the part of a trunk remaining in the ground after the tree has been felled, or the earth-end of an uprooted tree which retains its un-earthed roots.
Structure of the trunkedit
The trunk consists of five main parts: The outer bark, inner bark (phloem), cambium, sapwood (live xylem), and heartwood (dead xylem).[2] From the outside of the tree working in:
The first layer is the outer bark; this is the protective outermost layer of the trunk.
Under this is the inner bark which is called the phloem. The phloem is how the tree transports nutrients from the roots to the shoots and vice versa.
The next layer is the cambium, a very thin layer of undifferentiated cells that divide to replenish the phloem cells on the outside and the xylem cells to the inside. The cambium contains the growth meristem of the trunk.[3]
Directly inside of the cambium is the sapwood, or the live xylem cells. These cells transport the water through the tree. The xylem also stores starch inside the tree.
At the center of the tree is the heartwood. The heartwood is made up of dead xylem cells that have been filled with resins and minerals; these keep other organisms from infecting and growing in the center of the tree.
trunk, botany, tree, trunk, redirects, here, other, uses, tree, trunk, disambiguation, botany, trunk, bole, stem, main, wooden, axis, tree, which, important, feature, tree, identification, which, often, differs, markedly, from, bottom, trunk, depending, specie. Tree trunk redirects here For other uses see Tree trunk disambiguation In botany the trunk or bole is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree 1 which is an important feature in tree identification and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top depending on the species The base of a Yellow Birch trunkThe trunk is the most important part of the tree for timber production Contents 1 Occurrence 2 Vocabulary 3 Structure of the trunk 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOccurrence editTrunks occur both in true woody plants and non woody plants such as palms and other monocots though the internal physiology is different in each case In all plants trunks thicken over time due to the formation of secondary growth or in monocots pseudo secondary growth Trunks can be vulnerable to damage including sunburn Vocabulary editTrunks which are cut down for making lumber are generally called logs if they are cut to a specific length called bolts The term log is informally used in English to describe any felled trunk not rooted in the ground whose roots are detached A stump is the part of a trunk remaining in the ground after the tree has been felled or the earth end of an uprooted tree which retains its un earthed roots Structure of the trunk editThe trunk consists of five main parts The outer bark inner bark phloem cambium sapwood live xylem and heartwood dead xylem 2 From the outside of the tree working in The first layer is the outer bark this is the protective outermost layer of the trunk Under this is the inner bark which is called the phloem The phloem is how the tree transports nutrients from the roots to the shoots and vice versa The next layer is the cambium a very thin layer of undifferentiated cells that divide to replenish the phloem cells on the outside and the xylem cells to the inside The cambium contains the growth meristem of the trunk 3 Directly inside of the cambium is the sapwood or the live xylem cells These cells transport the water through the tree The xylem also stores starch inside the tree At the center of the tree is the heartwood The heartwood is made up of dead xylem cells that have been filled with resins and minerals these keep other organisms from infecting and growing in the center of the tree nbsp Raft of timber logs nbsp Cross section of a hazel bole nbsp A de barked log being decomposed by bracket fungi nbsp Trunk stump of a still rooted olive tree nbsp Trunk section from a palm tree the date palm Phoenix dactylifera See also editBasal area Diameter at breast height Log disambiguation Tree measurement Tree volume measurementReferences edit trunk The Free Online Dictionary Archived from the original on 2011 06 07 Retrieved 2017 02 17 War James A tree and its trunk page 2 dendro cnre vt edu University of Vermont Archived from the original on 2018 02 22 Retrieved 2018 02 08 Nix Steve Tree Trunk Biology and Basic Wood Structure ThoughtCo DotDash Archived from the original on 1 October 2020 Retrieved 2 August 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tree trunks Inside a tree trunk wood anatomy Bellville South Africa University of the Western Cape Archived from the original on 2006 09 23 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trunk botany amp oldid 1193007294, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
