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Fourth World

April 10, 2024

For other uses, see Fourth World (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Four Worlds.

The Fourth World is an extension of the three-world model, used variably to refer to

  1. Sub-populations socially excluded from global society, such as uncontacted peoples;
  2. Hunter-gatherer, nomadic, pastoral, and some subsistence farming peoples living beyond the modern industrial norm.[1]
  3. Sub-populations existing in a First World country, but with the living standards of those of a Third World.

The term is not commonly used. "Fourth World" has also been used to refer to other parts of the world in relation to the three-world model.

Etymology edit

Fourth World follows the First World, Second World, and Third World classification of nation-state status; however, unlike the former categories, Fourth World is not spatially bounded, and is usually used to refer to size and shape which does not map onto citizenship in a specific nation-state. It can denote nations without a sovereign state, emphasizing the perceived non-recognition and exclusion of ethnically- and religiously-defined peoples from the politico-economic world system, such as the First Nations groups throughout North, Central and South America. Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells of the University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication has made extensive use of the term fourth world.[2][3]

Coinage edit

The term was coined in 1969 by Father Joseph Wresinski when he renamed the charity he had founded in 1957 with families from the Noisy-le-Grand (France) shanty town to ATD Quart Monde.

The term was recycled in the 1970s by Mbuto Milando, first secretary of the Tanzanian High Commission, in conversation with George Manuel, Chief of the National Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of First Nations). Milando stated that "When Native peoples come into their own, on the basis of their own cultures and traditions, that will be the Fourth World."[4][5]

Since publication of Manuel's The Fourth World: An Indian Reality (1974), the term Fourth World became synonymous with stateless, poor, and marginal nations.[6] Since 1979, think tanks such as the Center for World Indigenous Studies have used the term in defining the relationships between ancient, tribal, and non-industrial nations and modern industrialised nation-states.[7] With the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, communications and organizing amongst Fourth World peoples have accelerated in the form of international treaties between aboriginal nations for the purposes of trade, travel, and security.[8] In the Indian left movement, M. P. Parameswaran's ideas on the fourth world caused widespread debates, which eventually led to his expulsion from the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 2004.[9][10]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Asian Center for the Progress of Peoples. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008.
  2. ^ Castells, Manuel (2000). "32: The Rise of the Fourth World" (PDF). In Held, David; McGrew, Andy (eds.). The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate. Cambridge: Polity Press. pp. 348–354. ISBN 978-0745631356. (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2022.
  3. ^ Castells, Manuel (29 January 2010). "2: The Rise of the Fourth World: Informational Capitalism, Poverty, and Social Exclusion". In Castells, Manuel (ed.). End of Millennium. Vol. 3 (Second ed.). doi:10.1002/9781444323436.ch2. ISBN 9781405196888.
  4. ^ Hall, Tony (2003). The American Empire and the Fourth World: The bowl with one spoon. McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. Montreal; Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 238. ISBN 0-7735-3006-1. ISBN 9780773530065, ISBN 0773523324, ISBN 9780773523326.
  5. ^ McFarlane, Peter (1993). Brotherhood to nationhood: George Manuel and the making of the modern Indian movement. Toronto: Between the Lines. p. 160. ISBN 0-921284-67-5. ISBN 9780921284673, ISBN 0921284667, ISBN 9780921284666.
  6. ^ Griggs, Richard. "The breakdown of states". Center for World Indigenous Studies.
  7. ^ Ryser, Rudolph C. (September 1993). . Center for World Indigenous Studies. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
  8. ^ Cloud, Redwing (10 August 2007). "United League of Indigenous Nations formed". Indian Country Today.
  9. ^ "CPI(M) expels M.P. Parameswaran". The Hindu. 16 February 2004.[dead link]
  10. ^ "KSSP to continue with existing policies". The Hindu. 1 March 2004.[dead link]

Further reading edit

External links edit

  • Fourth World Journal
  • International Movement ATD Fourth World
  • Fourth World Center for the Study of Indigenous Law and Politics at University of Colorado at Denver ()
  • Fourth World: Nations without a State - Nadesan Satyendra
  • Fourth World Eye 18 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  • Fourth World Documentation Program

April 10, 2024
fourth, world, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, four, worlds, extension, three, world, model, used, variably, refer, populations, socially, excluded, from, global, society, such, uncontacted, peoples, hunter, gatherer, nomadic, pastoral, some, subs. For other uses see Fourth World disambiguation Not to be confused with Four Worlds The Fourth World is an extension of the three world model used variably to refer to Sub populations socially excluded from global society such as uncontacted peoples Hunter gatherer nomadic pastoral and some subsistence farming peoples living beyond the modern industrial norm 1 Sub populations existing in a First World country but with the living standards of those of a Third World The term is not commonly used Fourth World has also been used to refer to other parts of the world in relation to the three world model Contents 1 Etymology 2 Coinage 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksEtymology editFourth World follows the First World Second World and Third World classification of nation state status however unlike the former categories Fourth World is not spatially bounded and is usually used to refer to size and shape which does not map onto citizenship in a specific nation state It can denote nations without a sovereign state emphasizing the perceived non recognition and exclusion of ethnically and religiously defined peoples from the politico economic world system such as the First Nations groups throughout North Central and South America Spanish sociologist Manuel Castells of the University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication has made extensive use of the term fourth world 2 3 Coinage editThe term was coined in 1969 by Father Joseph Wresinski when he renamed the charity he had founded in 1957 with families from the Noisy le Grand France shanty town to ATD Quart Monde The term was recycled in the 1970s by Mbuto Milando first secretary of the Tanzanian High Commission in conversation with George Manuel Chief of the National Indian Brotherhood now the Assembly of First Nations Milando stated that When Native peoples come into their own on the basis of their own cultures and traditions that will be the Fourth World 4 5 Since publication of Manuel s The Fourth World An Indian Reality 1974 the term Fourth World became synonymous with stateless poor and marginal nations 6 Since 1979 think tanks such as the Center for World Indigenous Studies have used the term in defining the relationships between ancient tribal and non industrial nations and modern industrialised nation states 7 With the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples communications and organizing amongst Fourth World peoples have accelerated in the form of international treaties between aboriginal nations for the purposes of trade travel and security 8 In the Indian left movement M P Parameswaran s ideas on the fourth world caused widespread debates which eventually led to his expulsion from the Communist Party of India Marxist in 2004 9 10 See also editLeast developed countries National wealthReferences edit International day of the world s indigenous people Asian Center for the Progress of Peoples Archived from the original on 4 December 2008 Castells Manuel 2000 32 The Rise of the Fourth World PDF In Held David McGrew Andy eds The Global Transformations Reader An Introduction to the Globalization Debate Cambridge Polity Press pp 348 354 ISBN 978 0745631356 Archived PDF from the original on 31 October 2022 Castells Manuel 29 January 2010 2 The Rise of the Fourth World Informational Capitalism Poverty and Social Exclusion In Castells Manuel ed End of Millennium Vol 3 Second ed doi 10 1002 9781444323436 ch2 ISBN 9781405196888 Hall Tony 2003 The American Empire and the Fourth World The bowl with one spoon McGill Queen s native and northern series 34 Montreal Ithaca McGill Queen s University Press p 238 ISBN 0 7735 3006 1 ISBN 9780773530065 ISBN 0773523324 ISBN 9780773523326 McFarlane Peter 1993 Brotherhood to nationhood George Manuel and the making of the modern Indian movement Toronto Between the Lines p 160 ISBN 0 921284 67 5 ISBN 9780921284673 ISBN 0921284667 ISBN 9780921284666 Griggs Richard The breakdown of states Center for World Indigenous Studies Ryser Rudolph C September 1993 Toward the coexistence of nations and states Center for World Indigenous Studies Archived from the original on 25 July 2008 Retrieved 1 February 2008 Cloud Redwing 10 August 2007 United League of Indigenous Nations formed Indian Country Today CPI M expels M P Parameswaran The Hindu 16 February 2004 dead link KSSP to continue with existing policies The Hindu 1 March 2004 dead link Further reading editCastells Manuel 2000 1998 End of Millennium The Information Age Economy Society and Culture Vol III second ed Oxford UK Blackwell ISBN 978 0 631 22139 5 External links editFourth World Journal International Movement ATD Fourth World Fourth World Center for the Study of Indigenous Law and Politics at University of Colorado at Denver on archive org Fourth World Nations without a State Nadesan Satyendra Fourth World Eye Archived 18 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Fourth World Documentation Program Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fourth World amp oldid 1210713137, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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