Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.[2] It is native to Southeast Europe[3][4][5] and Western Asia,[2][6] and is naturalised in the British Isles[3] and scattered locations in North America.[7][8][9] Also naturalized in parts of SE Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers. P. cerasifera is believed to one of the parents of the Cultivated Plum, Prunus domestica perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa,[10] or perhaps the sole parent.[11] This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe - Victoria, greengages, bullace etc.
Wild types are large shrubs or small trees reaching 8–12 m (25–40 feet) tall, sometimes spiny, with glabrous, ovate deciduousleaves 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long.[3]: 196 It is one of the first European trees to flower in spring,[3] often starting in mid-February before the leaves have opened. The flowers are white or pale pink and about 2 cm (3⁄4 in) across, with five petals and many stamens. The fruit is an edible drupe, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening to yellow or red from early July to mid-September. They are self-fertile but can also be pollinated by other Prunus varieties such as the Victoria plum.[12] The plant propagates by seed or by suckering, and is often used as the rootstock for other Prunus species and cultivars.[3]
Cultivationedit
The cherry plum is a popular ornamental tree for garden and landscaping use, grown for its very early flowering. Numerous cultivars have been developed, many of them selected for purple foliage, such as P cerasifera var pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (P. 'Atropurpurea').[3][13] The cultivar 'Nigra' with black foliage and pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[14]Prunus × cistena (purple leaf sand cherry), a hybrid of Prunus cerasifera and Prunus pumila, the sand cherry, also won the Award of Garden Merit.[15][16][17] These purple-foliage forms (often called 'purple-leaf plum'), also have dark purple fruit, which make an attractive, intensely coloured jam. They can have white or pink flowers. The cultivar 'Thundercloud' has bright red foliage which darkens purple.[18] Others, such as 'Lindsayae', have green foliage. Some kinds of purple-leaf plums are used for bonsai[13] and other forms of living sculpture.
Cultivated cherry plums can have fruits, foliage, and flowers in any of several colours. Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine where they are used to produce tkemali sauce, as well as a number of popular dishes, such as kharcho soup and chakapuli stew. It is a popular tree in Romania where its fruits are used for souring soups when immature, for eating raw when ripened, and for making moonshine when overripe because of their high sugar content.
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Not to be confused with plum cherry hybrid Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum 2 It is native to Southeast Europe 3 4 5 and Western Asia 2 6 and is naturalised in the British Isles 3 and scattered locations in North America 7 8 9 Also naturalized in parts of SE Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers P cerasifera is believed to one of the parents of the Cultivated Plum Prunus domestica perhaps crossing with the sloe Prunus spinosa 10 or perhaps the sole parent 11 This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe Victoria greengages bullace etc Prunus cerasifera Conservation status Data Deficient IUCN 3 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Rosales Family Rosaceae Genus Prunus Subgenus Prunus subg Prunus Section Prunus sect Prunus Species P cerasifera Binomial name Prunus cerasiferaEhrh 1784 not Popov 1929 nor Lecoq amp Lamotte 1848 Synonyms 1 List Selected synonyms Prunus alpestris Schischk Prunus cerasifera subsp myrobalana L C K Schneid Prunus divaricata Ledeb Prunus domestica subsp cerasifera Ehrh Arcang Prunus domestica var myrobalana L Prunus myrobalana L Desf Prunus mirobalanus Poit amp Turpin Prunus pissardii Carriere Prunus sogdiana Vassilcz Description editWild types are large shrubs or small trees reaching 8 12 m 25 40 feet tall sometimes spiny with glabrous ovate deciduous leaves 3 7 cm 1 3 in long 3 196 It is one of the first European trees to flower in spring 3 often starting in mid February before the leaves have opened The flowers are white or pale pink and about 2 cm 3 4 in across with five petals and many stamens The fruit is an edible drupe 2 3 cm in diameter ripening to yellow or red from early July to mid September They are self fertile but can also be pollinated by other Prunus varieties such as the Victoria plum 12 The plant propagates by seed or by suckering and is often used as the rootstock for other Prunus species and cultivars 3 Cultivation editThe cherry plum is a popular ornamental tree for garden and landscaping use grown for its very early flowering Numerous cultivars have been developed many of them selected for purple foliage such as P cerasifera var pissardii Carriere L H Bailey P Atropurpurea 3 13 The cultivar Nigra with black foliage and pink flowers has gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit 14 Prunus cistena purple leaf sand cherry a hybrid of Prunus cerasifera and Prunus pumila the sand cherry also won the Award of Garden Merit 15 16 17 These purple foliage forms often called purple leaf plum also have dark purple fruit which make an attractive intensely coloured jam They can have white or pink flowers The cultivar Thundercloud has bright red foliage which darkens purple 18 Others such as Lindsayae have green foliage Some kinds of purple leaf plums are used for bonsai 13 and other forms of living sculpture Cultivated cherry plums can have fruits foliage and flowers in any of several colours Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh while others are sour and better for making jam Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine where they are used to produce tkemali sauce as well as a number of popular dishes such as kharcho soup and chakapuli stew It is a popular tree in Romania where its fruits are used for souring soups when immature for eating raw when ripened and for making moonshine when overripe because of their high sugar content Gallery edit nbsp Prunus cerasifera nbsp Ripened fruits of Prunus cerasifera on the branch nbsp Prunus cerasifera flowers being pollinated nbsp Ripened fruits of Prunus cerasifera nbsp Prunus cerasifera flowers nbsp Prunus cerasifera bonsai shohin size nbsp Prunus cerasifera flower close up See also editPrunus mahaleb Cotoneaster nummularius Aria edulis Rosa canina Pyrus elaeagrifolia Malus sylvestris Crataegus monogyna List of plum dishesNotes editReferences edit Prunus cerasifera Ehrh Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 1 March 2024 a b UConn Horticulture Archived 14 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine a b c d e f Stace C A 2010 New Flora of the British Isles Third ed Cambridge U K Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521707725 Altervista Flora Italiana Prunus cerasifera Ehrh includes photos and European distribution map UC JEPS Jepson Manual treatment for Prunus cerasifera berkeley edu Flora of China Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart 1789 樱桃李 ying tao li Flora of North America Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart 1784 Cherry plum myrobalan University of Washington Herbarium Image Collection Burke Museum washington edu Archived from the original on 2015 06 27 Calflora taxon report University of California Prunus cerasifera calflora org All about plums Juicy facts of Prunus domestica Garden Museum Retrieved 1 March 2024 Is the European plum Prunus domestica L a P cerasifera EHRH x P spinosa L allo polyploid Springer Nature Retrieved 1 March 2024 Titmarsh Alan 2008 The Kitchen Gardener BBC Books p 247 a b Pissard Plum Fact Sheet RHS Plant Selector Prunus cerasifera Nigra AGM RHS Gardening Apps rhs org uk Retrieved 22 February 2020 Prunus cistena RHS Retrieved 18 February 2019 Plant Facts Prunus x cistena Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Rosaceae Nazareth College Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena Archived 2016 03 06 at the Wayback Machine Thundercloud Fact SheetExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasifera Plants for a Future Prunus cerasifera divaricata Plants for a Future Prunus cerasifera in the CalPhotos photo database University of California Berkeley Prunus cerasifera information genetic conservation units and related resources European Forest Genetic Resources Programme EUFORGEN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prunus cerasifera amp oldid 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