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SEA-ME-WE 4

November 23, 2023

South East Asia–Middle East–Western Europe 4 (SEA-ME-WE 4) is an optical fibre submarine communications cable system that carries telecommunications between Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Italy, Tunisia, Algeria and France.[1] It is intended to be a complement to, rather than a replacement for, the SEA-ME-WE 3 cable.

SEA-ME-WE 4
Cable typeFibre-optic
Construction beginning2004
Construction finished2005
Design capacity1.28 Tbit/s (2005)
2.8 Tbit/s (2010)
4.6 Tbit/s (2015)
Lit capacity2.3 Tbits/s/pair (two fibre pairs)
Owner(s)Consortium
Websitewww.seamewe4.net
The route of the submarine cable (red); the blue segment is dy 1 6

The cable is approximately 18,800 kilometres long, and provides the primary Internet backbone between South East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and Europe.[1][2]

Network topology edit

The SEA-ME-WE 4 system is divided into four segments with seventeen landing points:[3]

Segments edit

Landing points

History edit

The SEA-ME-WE 4 cable system was developed by a consortium of 16 telecommunications companies which agreed to construct the project on 27 March 2004.[2] Construction of the system was carried out by Alcatel Submarine Networks (now a division of Alcatel-Lucent) and Fujitsu.[2] The eighteen month construction project was completed on 13 December 2005 with a cost estimate of US$500 million.[2][4] Segment 1 construction, running 8,000 kilometres from Singapore to India, was done by Fujitsu, which also provided the submarine repeater equipment for Segment 4.[4]

Outages edit

30 January 2008 edit

Main article: 2008 submarine cable disruption

On 30 January 2008, Internet services were widely disrupted in the Middle East and in the Indian subcontinent following damage to the SEA-ME-WE 4 and FLAG Telecom cables in the Mediterranean Sea. Disruptions of 70 percent in Egypt, and 60 percent in India were reported along with problems in Bahrain, Bangladesh, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.[5][6] In India, small users felt the impact while ISPs could service large users who have more lucrative contracts.[7]

While the respective contributions of the two cable systems to this blackout is unclear, network outage graphs show anomalies at 04:30 UTC and again at 08:00 UTC.[8] The FALCON submarine communications cable was reported severed off the coast of Dubai in the Persian Gulf on 1 February 2008, making it the third over a two-day period.[9]

Though the cause of the damage to SEA-ME-WE 4 or FLAG has not been declared by either cable operator and 12 hours of video before and after the incident show no ships being in the area,[10] a number of sources speculate these were caused by a ship's anchor near Alexandria,[5][11] while the Kuwait government attributes the breaks to "weather conditions and maritime traffic".[12] The New York Times reported that the damage occurred to the two systems separately near Alexandria and Marseilles.[13] The water near Alexandria is restricted and Egypt knew of "no passing ships" at the time.[7]

For a number of days, SEA-ME-WE 3 was the only remaining cable connecting Europe to the Middle East via Egypt. Data transmission capacity between India and Europe was reduced by 75 percent, causing much of the traffic between these sites to be rerouted through the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.[9]

19 December 2008 edit

On 19 December 2008, the cable was again severed, simultaneously with SEA-ME-WE 3, the FLAG FEA cable, and the GO-1 cable.[14][15] It was expected to be operating again by 25 December.[16]

14 April 2010 shunt fault edit

On 14 April 2010 the cable had a shunt fault approximately 1,886 kilometers from Alexandria towards Palermo, Italy, on the segment between Alexandria and Marseille.[17][18]

May 2010 fault edit

Another cable fault, disrupting the connection between Malaysia, Mumbai and Europe.[19]

5 July 2010 edit

Services between Mumbai and Mombasa were down from 9:19 GMT/5 July 2010.[20] Services in South Africa, all regions was also experienced and rerouting was experienced. On Mweb's website it was listed as ADSL Outage number 8084.[21]

11 May 2012 fault edit

The submarine cable South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 4 (SeaMeWe-4) was reportedly cut near Alexandria, disrupting internet services in Pakistan. Reportedly SMW4 was cut in April 2012 too, but was restored on the same day.[22][23]

6 June 2012 fault edit

On this day, at around 18:30 (GMT+8), Sea-Me-We 4 had a cut near Singapore causing disruption to voice and internet services from Singapore and Malaysia to Bangladesh. Service disruption affected the eastern route into Bangladesh while western one is not affected. [24]

27 March 2013 fault edit

A cut in the segment 4 of South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 4 (SEA-ME-WE 4) submarine optical fiber cable on Wednesday morning (27 March 2013) has been reported leading to a degradation of internet speed by 60% in several countries including Pakistan[25] and Egypt.[26] A consortium of SEA-ME-WE-4 Cable System is working on the fault but they have not come up with a resolution time for this problem and confirmed nature of fault is yet to be determined[27]

Three men were arrested for trying to cut the cable near Alexandria.[28]

The issue was resolved on the 8 April 2013.

25–28 December 2013 fault edit

Fiber cut in SMW4 segment 3 (Egypt terrestrial path). Slow internet speeds throughout Pakistan according to a tweet[29] from a Pakistan telecom engineer.

20 November - 18 December 2014 fault edit

Fiber had a fault, according to a news article.[30] Unconfirmed reports claim that it was repaired on 18 December, although its effects were still being observed for at least several days more.

19 January 2015 fault edit

According to news articles,[31][32] this fiber had a technical issue. These reports claimed that this would be repaired within a week.

22 October 2015 fault edit

Fiber cut in SMW4 (Algeria Path), according to a news article.[33] "The internet access will be disrupted for several days in Algeria following a cut on a submarine cable linking Annaba (600 km east of Algiers) to Marseille ( south -eastern France), announced Thursday, October 22 Algeria Telecom in a statement". Unconfirmed reports on when it was due to be repaired, its effects were still being observed until 26 October.

13-15 April 2017 fault edit

Fiber damaged in SMW4 (Algeria Path), according to a news article.[34] "The internet access will be disrupted for several hours from Friday at 01:00 to 18:00 in Algeria following a cut on a submarine cable linking Annaba (600 km east of Algiers) to Marseille (south -eastern France). The damage caused to the landing chamber caused by the bad weather recorded on the coast of Annaba on 6 March 2016, Algeria Telecom Initiated several actions aimed at securing and protecting these installations ... ", explained the same source announced 3 days before, 12 April Algeria Telecom in a statement. These reports claimed that this would be repaired within two days. However, another report explained that the cable was still being repaired on 15 April due to some technical complications.[35]

Management and administration edit

The SEA-ME-WE 4 cable system was proposed and developed by the SEA-ME-WE 4 Consortium. The Consortium continues to maintain and operate the system. It comprises 16 telecommunications companies:[4][36]

The consortium is a hierarchical organisation which operates, manages and administers the cable system. At the top of the hierarchy is the Management Committee,[37] which steers the project.[36] Bodies subordinate to the Management Committee include the Procurement Group; Operation and Maintenance; the Financial & Administrative Subcommittee; Assignment, Routing and Restoration; and Investment and Agreement. Other bodies in the organisation are the Central Billing Party which is subordinate to the Financial & Administrative Subcommittee, and the Network Administrator which is subordinate to Assignment, Routing and Restoration.[37]

Tata Communications previously Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL), India is the Network Administrator. For this purpose, Tata Comm has developed a state of the art Network Administration Software system which enables online request processing, job scheduling and report generation etc. This system will make the capacity management very efficient for bandwidth owners. This system is accessible online at http://www.seamewe4.net. Telekom Malaysia Berhad is the Central Billing Party.[1][38]

Applications edit

SEA-ME-WE 4 is used to carry "telephone, internet, multimedia and various broadband data applications".[2] The SEA-ME-WE 3 and the SEA-ME-WE 4 cable systems are intended to provide redundancy for each other.[2] The two cable systems are complementary, but separate, and 4 is not intended to replace 3.[2] Both derive from the same series of projects (SEA-ME-WE), but have different emphases. SEA-ME-WE 3 is far longer at 39,000 kilometres[39] (compare to SEA-ME-WE 4's 18,800 kilometres) and extends from Japan and Australia along the bottom of the Eurasian landmass to Ireland and Germany.[40] SEA-ME-WE 4 has a faster rate of data transmission at 1.28 Tbit/s against SEA-ME-WE 3's 0.96 Tbit/s.[39] SEA-ME-WE 3 provides connectivity to a greater number of countries over a greater distance, but SEA-ME-WE 4 provides far higher data transmission speeds intended to accommodate increasing demand for high-speed internet access in developing countries.[2]

Technologies edit

The cable uses dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM),[1] allowing for increased communications capacity per fibre compared to fibres carrying non-multiplexed signals and also facilitates bidirectional communication within a single fibre. DWDM does this by multiplexing different wavelengths of laser light on a single optical fibre so that multiple optical carrier signals can be concurrently transmitted along that fibre. Two fibre pairs are used with each pair able to carry 64 carriers at 10 Gbit/s each.[4] This enables terabit per second speeds along the SEA-WE-ME 4 cable,[2] with a total capacity of 1,280 Gbit/s.[4] In February 2011 the consortium awarded contracts to upgrade submarine segments capacity to 40 Gbit/s per link, along with landing sites equipment capable of 100 Gbit/s for future needs.[41]

On February 3, 2015 Mitsubishi Electric announced that it has completed the upgrade and the expansion of the South East Asia ─ Middle East ─ Western Europe 4 (SEA-ME-WE 4) Cable System. Mitsubishi Electric supplied its 100G MF-6900GWS Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) with incorporated superior coherent technology for all 16 landing stations to upgrade the current 40 Gbit/s cable system to 100 Gbit/s and expand the ultimate design capacity from 2,800 Gbit/s to 4,600 Gbit/s. The new SLTE doubled the data capacity per rack and reduce power consumption per unit of data volume by 47% for each station.[42]

Interception edit

In August 2013 a major German newspaper claimed that an alliance of Western and Asian intelligence agencies has managed to tap into the cable. The Süddeutsche Zeitung, Germany’s largest broadsheet newspaper, wrote that GCHQ has been leading the interception effort, supported by the National Security Agency, which is GCHQ’s American equivalent. The paper cited Edward Snowden as the source of the information.[43][44]

See also edit

Several other cable systems following a substantially similar route:

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d . SEA-ME-WE4 Network Administration System. Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited. 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i . South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 4. Sri Lanka Telecom. Archived from the original on 2007-07-05. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ^ . South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 4. Sri Lanka Telecom. Archived from the original on 2007-08-04. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ^ a b c d e . Fujitsu Press Release. Fujitsu. 2005-12-13. Archived from the original on 2007-03-17. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ^ a b "Severed cables disrupt Internet". BBC News. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. ^ The Associated Press (2008-02-01). "Cable Break Causes Wide Internet Outage". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  7. ^ a b Brauer, David (2008-02-04). "High-tech mystery: Are terrorists behind recent Internet disruptions?". MinnPost.com. MinnPost. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  8. ^ Zmijewski, Earl (2008-01-30). . Renesys Blog. Renesys. Archived from the original on 2008-02-03. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  9. ^ a b "New cable cut compounds net woes". BBC News Online. BBC. 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  10. ^ . Khaleej Times Online. 2008-02-03. Archived from the original on 2008-02-06. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  11. ^ "Cable damage hits Internet connectivity". The Times of India. 2008-01-31. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  12. ^ Agence France Press (2008-01-31). "Indian outsourcing sector hit by Internet disruption". Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  13. ^ Timmons, Heather (2008-01-31). "2 Communication Cables in the Mediterranean Are Cut". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  14. ^ "Severed Cables in Mediterranean Disrupt Communication". Bloomberg. 2008-12-19.
  15. ^ "GO submarine cable fault part of wider disruption between Italy and Egypt". Times of Malta. 2008-12-19.
  16. ^ Orange.com : Corporate Website of France Telecom-Orange
  17. ^ Etisalat warns of internet disruptions in UAE | GulfNews.com
  18. ^ Web at a crawl as internet cable fails in Mediterranean
  19. ^ "TM - Newsroom".
  20. ^ . www.seacom.mu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-10.
  21. ^ Network Status Notices
  22. ^ SeaMeWe-4 damage disrupts Pakistan’s internet access
  23. ^ SMW4 Cut Causing Internet Disruption in Pakistan
  24. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-06-08.
  25. ^ Under Sea Cable Cut Slows Down Internet Across Pakistan
  26. ^ Undersea cable cut near Egypt slows down Internet in Africa, Middle East, South Asia — Tech News and Analysis
  27. ^ loss of signal on the SMW4 capacity
  28. ^ Three arrested for trying to cut undersea Internet cable – SlashGear
  29. ^ Fiber cut in Egypt
  30. ^ [Usurped!]
  31. ^ Glitch in submarine cable slows Bangladesh
  32. ^ Internet disrupted
  33. ^ . www.huffpostmaghreb.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-04.
  34. ^ Cable Relocation in Annaba
  35. ^ Algérie Presse Service. Internet: la partie submergée du câble SMW4 localisée par les ingénieurs d'Algérie Télécom.
  36. ^ a b . South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 4. Sri Lanka Telecom. Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  37. ^ a b . South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 4. Sri Lanka Telecom. Archived from the original on 2007-08-04. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  38. ^ . SMW 4 Central Billing Party (CBP). Telekom Malaysia Berhad. Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  39. ^ a b . REACH : Network. Reach Global Services Limited. Archived from the original on 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  40. ^ . South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 3. Sri Lanka Telecom. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  41. ^ Alcatel-Lucent, Ciena to conduct upgrades for SEA-ME-WE 4 cable system - FierceTelecom
  42. ^ Mitsubishi Electric Completes Upgrade of SEA-ME-WE 4 Network - Data capacity of the submarine network is increased significantly with 100G technologies
  43. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, 28 August 2013 (accessed 30.8.2013)
  44. ^ John Goetz, Hans Leyendecker and Frederik Obermaier (28 August 2013). "British Officials Have Far-Reaching Access To Internet And Telephone Communications" (accessed 30.8.2013)

External links edit

  • SEA-ME-WE4 Network Administration System
  • Work begins to repair severed net(5 February 2008)

November 23, 2023
south, east, asia, middle, east, western, europe, optical, fibre, submarine, communications, cable, system, that, carries, telecommunications, between, singapore, malaysia, thailand, bangladesh, india, lanka, pakistan, united, arab, emirates, saudi, arabia, eg. South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 SEA ME WE 4 is an optical fibre submarine communications cable system that carries telecommunications between Singapore Malaysia Thailand Bangladesh India Sri Lanka Pakistan United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Egypt Italy Tunisia Algeria and France 1 It is intended to be a complement to rather than a replacement for the SEA ME WE 3 cable SEA ME WE 4Cable typeFibre opticConstruction beginning2004Construction finished2005Design capacity1 28 Tbit s 2005 2 8 Tbit s 2010 4 6 Tbit s 2015 Lit capacity2 3 Tbits s pair two fibre pairs Owner s ConsortiumWebsitewww seamewe4 netThe route of the submarine cable red the blue segment is dy 1 6The cable is approximately 18 800 kilometres long and provides the primary Internet backbone between South East Asia the Indian subcontinent the Middle East and Europe 1 2 Contents 1 Network topology 1 1 Segments 2 History 3 Outages 3 1 30 January 2008 3 2 19 December 2008 3 3 14 April 2010 shunt fault 3 4 May 2010 fault 3 5 5 July 2010 3 6 11 May 2012 fault 3 7 6 June 2012 fault 3 8 27 March 2013 fault 3 9 25 28 December 2013 fault 3 10 20 November 18 December 2014 fault 3 11 19 January 2015 fault 3 12 22 October 2015 fault 3 13 13 15 April 2017 fault 4 Management and administration 5 Applications 6 Technologies 7 Interception 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksNetwork topology editThe SEA ME WE 4 system is divided into four segments with seventeen landing points 3 Segments edit S1 Tuas to Mumbai S2 Mumbai to Suez S3 Suez to Alexandria S4 Alexandria to Marseille Landing pointsMarseille France Annaba Algeria Bizerte Tunisia Palermo Italy Alexandria Egypt Cairo Egypt overland Suez Egypt overland return dubious discuss Jeddah Saudi Arabia Fujairah United Arab Emirates 10 Karachi Pakistan 11 Mumbai India 12 Colombo Sri Lanka 13 Chennai India 14 Cox s Bazar Bangladesh 15 Satun Thailand 16 Pengkalan Balak Malacca Malaysia 17 Tuas SingaporeHistory editThe SEA ME WE 4 cable system was developed by a consortium of 16 telecommunications companies which agreed to construct the project on 27 March 2004 2 Construction of the system was carried out by Alcatel Submarine Networks now a division of Alcatel Lucent and Fujitsu 2 The eighteen month construction project was completed on 13 December 2005 with a cost estimate of US 500 million 2 4 Segment 1 construction running 8 000 kilometres from Singapore to India was done by Fujitsu which also provided the submarine repeater equipment for Segment 4 4 Outages edit30 January 2008 edit Main article 2008 submarine cable disruption On 30 January 2008 Internet services were widely disrupted in the Middle East and in the Indian subcontinent following damage to the SEA ME WE 4 and FLAG Telecom cables in the Mediterranean Sea Disruptions of 70 percent in Egypt and 60 percent in India were reported along with problems in Bahrain Bangladesh Kuwait Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates 5 6 In India small users felt the impact while ISPs could service large users who have more lucrative contracts 7 While the respective contributions of the two cable systems to this blackout is unclear network outage graphs show anomalies at 04 30 UTC and again at 08 00 UTC 8 The FALCON submarine communications cable was reported severed off the coast of Dubai in the Persian Gulf on 1 February 2008 making it the third over a two day period 9 Though the cause of the damage to SEA ME WE 4 or FLAG has not been declared by either cable operator and 12 hours of video before and after the incident show no ships being in the area 10 a number of sources speculate these were caused by a ship s anchor near Alexandria 5 11 while the Kuwait government attributes the breaks to weather conditions and maritime traffic 12 The New York Times reported that the damage occurred to the two systems separately near Alexandria and Marseilles 13 The water near Alexandria is restricted and Egypt knew of no passing ships at the time 7 For a number of days SEA ME WE 3 was the only remaining cable connecting Europe to the Middle East via Egypt Data transmission capacity between India and Europe was reduced by 75 percent causing much of the traffic between these sites to be rerouted through the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans 9 19 December 2008 edit On 19 December 2008 the cable was again severed simultaneously with SEA ME WE 3 the FLAG FEA cable and the GO 1 cable 14 15 It was expected to be operating again by 25 December 16 14 April 2010 shunt fault edit On 14 April 2010 the cable had a shunt fault approximately 1 886 kilometers from Alexandria towards Palermo Italy on the segment between Alexandria and Marseille 17 18 May 2010 fault edit Another cable fault disrupting the connection between Malaysia Mumbai and Europe 19 5 July 2010 edit Services between Mumbai and Mombasa were down from 9 19 GMT 5 July 2010 20 Services in South Africa all regions was also experienced and rerouting was experienced On Mweb s website it was listed as ADSL Outage number 8084 21 11 May 2012 fault edit The submarine cable South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 SeaMeWe 4 was reportedly cut near Alexandria disrupting internet services in Pakistan Reportedly SMW4 was cut in April 2012 too but was restored on the same day 22 23 6 June 2012 fault edit On this day at around 18 30 GMT 8 Sea Me We 4 had a cut near Singapore causing disruption to voice and internet services from Singapore and Malaysia to Bangladesh Service disruption affected the eastern route into Bangladesh while western one is not affected 24 27 March 2013 fault edit A cut in the segment 4 of South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 SEA ME WE 4 submarine optical fiber cable on Wednesday morning 27 March 2013 has been reported leading to a degradation of internet speed by 60 in several countries including Pakistan 25 and Egypt 26 A consortium of SEA ME WE 4 Cable System is working on the fault but they have not come up with a resolution time for this problem and confirmed nature of fault is yet to be determined 27 Three men were arrested for trying to cut the cable near Alexandria 28 The issue was resolved on the 8 April 2013 25 28 December 2013 fault edit Fiber cut in SMW4 segment 3 Egypt terrestrial path Slow internet speeds throughout Pakistan according to a tweet 29 from a Pakistan telecom engineer 20 November 18 December 2014 fault edit Fiber had a fault according to a news article 30 Unconfirmed reports claim that it was repaired on 18 December although its effects were still being observed for at least several days more 19 January 2015 fault edit According to news articles 31 32 this fiber had a technical issue These reports claimed that this would be repaired within a week 22 October 2015 fault edit Fiber cut in SMW4 Algeria Path according to a news article 33 The internet access will be disrupted for several days in Algeria following a cut on a submarine cable linking Annaba 600 km east of Algiers to Marseille south eastern France announced Thursday October 22 Algeria Telecom in a statement Unconfirmed reports on when it was due to be repaired its effects were still being observed until 26 October 13 15 April 2017 fault edit Fiber damaged in SMW4 Algeria Path according to a news article 34 The internet access will be disrupted for several hours from Friday at 01 00 to 18 00 in Algeria following a cut on a submarine cable linking Annaba 600 km east of Algiers to Marseille south eastern France The damage caused to the landing chamber caused by the bad weather recorded on the coast of Annaba on 6 March 2016 Algeria Telecom Initiated several actions aimed at securing and protecting these installations explained the same source announced 3 days before 12 April Algeria Telecom in a statement These reports claimed that this would be repaired within two days However another report explained that the cable was still being repaired on 15 April due to some technical complications 35 Management and administration editThe SEA ME WE 4 cable system was proposed and developed by the SEA ME WE 4 Consortium The Consortium continues to maintain and operate the system It comprises 16 telecommunications companies 4 36 Algerie Telecom Algeria Bharti Infotel Limited India Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited BSCCL Bangladesh CAT Telecom Public Company Limited Thailand Emirates Telecommunication Corporation ETISALAT UAE France Telecom Long Distance Networks France MCI United States Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited Pakistan Singapore Telecommunications Limited SingTel Singapore Sri Lanka Telecom PLC SLT Sri Lanka Saudi Telecom Company STC Saudi Arabia Telecom Egypt TE Egypt Telecom Italia Sparkle S p A Italy Telekom Malaysia Berhad TM Malaysia Tunisie Telecom Tunisia Tata Communications previously Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited VSNL IndiaThe consortium is a hierarchical organisation which operates manages and administers the cable system At the top of the hierarchy is the Management Committee 37 which steers the project 36 Bodies subordinate to the Management Committee include the Procurement Group Operation and Maintenance the Financial amp Administrative Subcommittee Assignment Routing and Restoration and Investment and Agreement Other bodies in the organisation are the Central Billing Party which is subordinate to the Financial amp Administrative Subcommittee and the Network Administrator which is subordinate to Assignment Routing and Restoration 37 Tata Communications previously Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited VSNL India is the Network Administrator For this purpose Tata Comm has developed a state of the art Network Administration Software system which enables online request processing job scheduling and report generation etc This system will make the capacity management very efficient for bandwidth owners This system is accessible online at http www seamewe4 net Telekom Malaysia Berhad is the Central Billing Party 1 38 Applications editSEA ME WE 4 is used to carry telephone internet multimedia and various broadband data applications 2 The SEA ME WE 3 and the SEA ME WE 4 cable systems are intended to provide redundancy for each other 2 The two cable systems are complementary but separate and 4 is not intended to replace 3 2 Both derive from the same series of projects SEA ME WE but have different emphases SEA ME WE 3 is far longer at 39 000 kilometres 39 compare to SEA ME WE 4 s 18 800 kilometres and extends from Japan and Australia along the bottom of the Eurasian landmass to Ireland and Germany 40 SEA ME WE 4 has a faster rate of data transmission at 1 28 Tbit s against SEA ME WE 3 s 0 96 Tbit s 39 SEA ME WE 3 provides connectivity to a greater number of countries over a greater distance but SEA ME WE 4 provides far higher data transmission speeds intended to accommodate increasing demand for high speed internet access in developing countries 2 Technologies editThe cable uses dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM 1 allowing for increased communications capacity per fibre compared to fibres carrying non multiplexed signals and also facilitates bidirectional communication within a single fibre DWDM does this by multiplexing different wavelengths of laser light on a single optical fibre so that multiple optical carrier signals can be concurrently transmitted along that fibre Two fibre pairs are used with each pair able to carry 64 carriers at 10 Gbit s each 4 This enables terabit per second speeds along the SEA WE ME 4 cable 2 with a total capacity of 1 280 Gbit s 4 In February 2011 the consortium awarded contracts to upgrade submarine segments capacity to 40 Gbit s per link along with landing sites equipment capable of 100 Gbit s for future needs 41 On February 3 2015 Mitsubishi Electric announced that it has completed the upgrade and the expansion of the South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 SEA ME WE 4 Cable System Mitsubishi Electric supplied its 100G MF 6900GWS Submarine Line Terminal Equipment SLTE with incorporated superior coherent technology for all 16 landing stations to upgrade the current 40 Gbit s cable system to 100 Gbit s and expand the ultimate design capacity from 2 800 Gbit s to 4 600 Gbit s The new SLTE doubled the data capacity per rack and reduce power consumption per unit of data volume by 47 for each station 42 Interception editIn August 2013 a major German newspaper claimed that an alliance of Western and Asian intelligence agencies has managed to tap into the cable The Suddeutsche Zeitung Germany s largest broadsheet newspaper wrote that GCHQ has been leading the interception effort supported by the National Security Agency which is GCHQ s American equivalent The paper cited Edward Snowden as the source of the information 43 44 See also editSeveral other cable systems following a substantially similar route Europe India Gateway EIG FLAG Europe Asia I ME WE SEA ME WE 5 SEA ME WE 6References edit a b c d About Us SEA ME WE4 Network Administration System Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited 2004 Archived from the original on 2007 07 06 Retrieved 2008 01 31 a b c d e f g h i About SEA WE ME 4 South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 Sri Lanka Telecom Archived from the original on 2007 07 05 Retrieved 2008 01 31 Cable System Configuration South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 Sri Lanka Telecom Archived from the original on 2007 08 04 Retrieved 2008 01 31 a b c d e Fujitsu Completes Construction of SEA ME WE 4 Submarine Cable Network Fujitsu Press Release Fujitsu 2005 12 13 Archived from the original on 2007 03 17 Retrieved 2008 01 31 a b Severed cables disrupt Internet BBC News 2008 01 31 Retrieved 2008 01 31 The Associated Press 2008 02 01 Cable Break Causes Wide Internet Outage The New York Times Retrieved 2008 02 01 a b Brauer David 2008 02 04 High tech mystery Are terrorists behind recent Internet disruptions MinnPost com MinnPost Retrieved 2008 02 04 Zmijewski Earl 2008 01 30 Mediterranean Cable Break Renesys Blog Renesys Archived from the original on 2008 02 03 Retrieved 2008 01 31 a b New cable cut compounds net woes BBC News Online BBC 2008 02 01 Retrieved 2008 02 01 Ships did not cause Internet cable damage Khaleej Times Online 2008 02 03 Archived from the original on 2008 02 06 Retrieved 2008 02 03 Cable damage hits Internet connectivity The Times of India 2008 01 31 Retrieved 2008 01 31 Agence France Press 2008 01 31 Indian outsourcing sector hit by Internet disruption Retrieved 2008 01 31 Timmons Heather 2008 01 31 2 Communication Cables in the Mediterranean Are Cut The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2008 01 31 Severed Cables in Mediterranean Disrupt Communication Bloomberg 2008 12 19 GO submarine cable fault part of wider disruption between Italy and Egypt Times of Malta 2008 12 19 Orange com Corporate Website of France Telecom Orange Etisalat warns of internet disruptions in UAE GulfNews com Web at a crawl as internet cable fails in Mediterranean TM Newsroom Cable outage 5th July 2010 South Africa East Africa Fiber Optic Cable www seacom mu Archived from the original on 2010 07 10 Network Status Notices SeaMeWe 4 damage disrupts Pakistan s internet access SMW4 Cut Causing Internet Disruption in Pakistan Submarine cable cut disrupts internet Bangladesh bdnews24 com Archived from the original on 2012 06 08 Under Sea Cable Cut Slows Down Internet Across Pakistan Undersea cable cut near Egypt slows down Internet in Africa Middle East South Asia Tech News and Analysis loss of signal on the SMW4 capacity Three arrested for trying to cut undersea Internet cable SlashGear Fiber cut in Egypt TM Warns Of Slow Internet Speeds Due To Fault In Submarine Cable Usurped Glitch in submarine cable slows Bangladesh Internet disrupted Internet perturbations importantes durant plusieurs jours les internautes se lachent contre Algerie Telecom www huffpostmaghreb com Archived from the original on 2017 01 04 Cable Relocation in Annaba Algerie Presse Service Internet la partie submergee du cable SMW4 localisee par les ingenieurs d Algerie Telecom a b The Management Committee MC South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 Sri Lanka Telecom Archived from the original on 2007 02 10 Retrieved 2008 01 31 a b Organization Structure South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 Sri Lanka Telecom Archived from the original on 2007 08 04 Retrieved 2008 01 31 Home page SMW 4 Central Billing Party CBP Telekom Malaysia Berhad Archived from the original on 2007 06 07 Retrieved 2008 01 31 a b Mediterranean Cable Break REACH Network Reach Global Services Limited Archived from the original on 2007 06 21 Retrieved 2008 02 01 Cable System Configuration South East Asia Middle East Western Europe 3 Sri Lanka Telecom Archived from the original on 2007 07 14 Retrieved 2008 02 01 Alcatel Lucent Ciena to conduct upgrades for SEA ME WE 4 cable system FierceTelecom Mitsubishi Electric Completes Upgrade of SEA ME WE 4 Network Data capacity of the submarine network is increased significantly with 100G technologies Suddeutsche Zeitung 28 August 2013 accessed 30 8 2013 John Goetz Hans Leyendecker and Frederik Obermaier 28 August 2013 British Officials Have Far Reaching Access To Internet And Telephone Communications accessed 30 8 2013 External links editSouth East Asia Middle East Western Europe 4 project website SEA ME WE4 Network Administration System Work begins to repair severed net 5 February 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SEA ME WE 4 amp oldid 1180708765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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