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Wikipedia

Cisco

February 16, 2024

Not to be confused with Sysco or Sisqó.
For other uses, see Cisco (disambiguation).

Cisco Systems, Inc., (using the trademark Cisco), is an American multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. Cisco develops, manufactures, and sells networking hardware, software, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products.[3] Cisco specializes in specific tech markets, such as the Internet of things (IoT), domain security, videoconferencing, and energy management with leading products including Webex, OpenDNS, Jabber, Duo Security, and Jasper. Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world, ranking 82nd on the Fortune 100 with over $51 billion in revenue and nearly 83,300 employees.[4]

Cisco Systems, Inc.
Building 10 of the Cisco San Jose Main Campus
Company typePublic
Industry
FoundedDecember 10, 1984; 39 years ago (1984-12-10) in San Francisco, California, U.S.
Founders
  • Scarpin Cisco
  • Scarpin Ernesto
Headquarters
San Jose, California
,
U.S.[1]
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsList of Cisco products
Revenue
  • US$15.03 billion (2023)
  • US$12.61 billion (2023)
Total assets
  • US$101.8 billion (2023)
Total equity
  • US$44.35 billion (2023)
Number of employees
c. 84,900 (2023)
Websitecisco.com
Footnotes / references
Financials as of July 29, 2023.[2]

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, two Stanford University computer scientists who had been instrumental in connecting computers at Stanford. They pioneered the concept of a local area network (LAN) being used to connect distant computers over a multiprotocol router system. By the time the company went public in 1990, Cisco had a market capitalization of $224 million; by the end of the dot-com bubble in the year 2000, this had increased to $500 billion, surpassing Microsoft as the world's most valuable company.[5][6] As of December 2021, Cisco had a market capitalization of around $267 billion.[7]

Cisco stock (CSCO) was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the S&P 500, Nasdaq-100, the Russell 1000, and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock indices.[8][9]

In 2021, Fortune ranked Cisco number one for the second year on their annual list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For based on employee satisfaction surveying.[10][11] LinkedIn and Glassdoor also ranked Cisco as a top place to work in 2021 and recent years.[12][13]

History edit

1984–1995: Origins and initial growth edit

 
Cisco's first router, the Advanced Gateway Server (AGS) router (1986)

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Sandy Lerner along with her husband Leonard Bosack. Lerner was the director of computer facilities for the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Bosack was in charge of the Stanford University computer science department's computers.[14]

Cisco's initial product has roots in Stanford University's campus technology. In the early 1980s students and staff at Stanford, including Bosack, used technology on the campus to link all of the school's computer systems to talk to one another, creating a box that functioned as a multiprotocol router called the "Blue Box".[15] The Blue Box used circuitry made by Andy Bechtolsheim, and software that was originally written at Stanford by research engineer William Yeager.[15] Due to the underlying architecture, and its ability to scale well, Yeager's well-designed invention became a key to Cisco's early success.[16]

In 1985, Bosack and Stanford employee Kirk Lougheed began a project to formally network Stanford's campus.[15] They adapted Yeager's software into what became the foundation for Cisco IOS, despite Yeager's claims that he had been denied permission to sell the Blue Box commercially. On July 11, 1986, Bosack and Lougheed were forced to resign from Stanford and the university contemplated filing criminal complaints against Cisco and its founders for the theft of its software, hardware designs, and other intellectual properties.[15] In 1987, Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to Cisco.[15] In addition to Bosack, Lerner, Lougheed, Greg Satz (a programmer), and Richard Troiano (who handled sales), completed the early Cisco team.[15] The company's first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988.[17] In 1988, John Morgridge was appointed CEO.[18]

The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name San Francisco, which is why the company's engineers insisted on using the lower case "cisco" in its early years.[citation needed] The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge.[19]

On February 16, 1990, Cisco Systems went public with a market capitalization of $224 million, and was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. On August 28, 1990, Lerner was fired. Upon hearing the news, her husband Bosack resigned in protest.[20]

Although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes,[21] it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols.[22] Classical, CPU-based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with flexibility of operating system IOS allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades. Some popular models of that time (such as Cisco 2500) managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged. The company was quick to capture the emerging service provider environment, entering the SP market with product lines such as Cisco 7000 and Cisco 8500.[23]

Between 1992 and 1994, Cisco acquired several companies in Ethernet switching, such as Kalpana,[24] Grand Junction[25] and most notably, Mario Mazzola's Crescendo Communications,[26] which together formed the Catalyst business unit. At the time, the company envisioned layer 3 routing and layer 2 (Ethernet, Token Ring) switching as complementary functions of different intelligence and architecture—the former was slow and complex, the latter was fast but simple. This philosophy dominated the company's product lines throughout the 1990s.[23]

In 1995, John Morgridge was succeeded by John T. Chambers.[27]

1996–2005: Internet and silicon intelligence edit

 
John T. Chambers led Cisco as its CEO between 1995 and 2015. (Pictured at 2010 World Economic Forum, in Davos, Switzerland).

The Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted in the mid-to-late 1990s.[28] Cisco introduced products ranging from modem access shelves (AS5200) to core GSR routers, making them a major player in the market.[28] In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com bubble, Cisco became the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than $500 billion.[5][29] As of July 2014, with a market cap of about US$129 billion,[30] it was still one of the most valuable companies.[31]

The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the formation of several startups determined to find new ways to process IP and MPLS packets entirely in hardware and blur boundaries between routing and switching. One of them, Juniper Networks, shipped their first product in 1999 and by 2000 chipped away about 30% from Cisco SP Market share. In response, Cisco later developed homegrown ASICs and fast processing cards for GSR routers and Catalyst 6500 switches. In 2004, Cisco also started the migration to new high-end hardware CRS-1 and software architecture IOS XR.[32]

2006–2012: The Human Network edit

 
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger at Cisco, 2010[33]

As part of a rebranding campaign in 2006, Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name "Cisco" and created "The Human Network" advertising campaign.[34] These efforts were meant to make Cisco a "household" brand—a strategy designed to support the low-end Linksys products and future consumer products.[23]

On the more traditional business side, Cisco continued to develop its routing, switching and security portfolio. The quickly growing importance of Ethernet also influenced the company's product lines. Limits of IOS and aging Crescendo architecture also forced Cisco to look at merchant silicon in the carrier Ethernet segment. This resulted in a new ASR 9000 product family intended to consolidate the company's carrier Ethernet and subscriber management business around EZChip-based hardware and IOS-XR.[23]

Throughout the mid-2000s, Cisco also built a significant presence in India, establishing its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for $1 billion.[35] Cisco also expanded into new markets by acquisition—one example being a 2009 purchase of mobile specialist Starent Networks.[36]

Cisco continued to be challenged by both domestic competitors Alcatel-Lucent, Juniper Networks, and an overseas competitor Huawei. Due to lower-than-expected profit in 2011, Cisco reduced annual expenses by $1 billion. The company cut around 3,000 employees with an early-retirement program who accepted a buyout and planned to eliminate as many as 10,000 jobs (around 14 percent of the 73,400 total employees before curtailment).[37][38] During the 2011 analyst call, Cisco's CEO John Chambers called out several competitors by name,[39] including Juniper and HP.

On July 24, 2012, Cisco received approval from the EU to acquire NDS (a TV software developer) for US$5 billion.[40] In 2013, Cisco sold its Linksys home-router unit to Belkin International Inc., signaling a shift to sales to businesses rather than consumers.[41]

2013–present edit

 
Former Portuguese President Cavaco Silva, former Cisco CEO John Chambers and Cisco Senior Director of Innovation Helder Antunes, during the 2011 presidential visit to the US

On July 23, 2013, Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire for $2.7 billion.[42] On August 14, 2013, Cisco Systems announced it would cut 4,000 jobs from its workforce, which was roughly 6%, starting in 2014.[43] At the end of 2013, Cisco announced poor revenue due to depressed sales in emerging markets, caused by economic uncertainty and by fears of the National Security Agency planting backdoors in its products.[44]

In April 2014, Cisco announced funding for early-stage firms to focus on the Internet of Things. The investment fund was allocated to investments in IoT accelerators and startups such as The Alchemist Accelerator, Ayla Networks and EVRYTHNG.[45] Later that year, the company announced it was laying off another 6,000 workers or 8% of its global workforce, as part of a second restructuring.[46] On November 4, 2014, Cisco announced an investment in Stratoscale.[47]

On May 4, 2015, Cisco announced CEO and Chairman John Chambers would step down as CEO on July 26, 2015, but remain chairman. Chuck Robbins, senior vice president of worldwide sales & operations and 17-year Cisco veteran, was announced as the next CEO.[48] On July 23, 2015, Cisco announced the divestiture of its television set-top-box and cable modem business to Technicolor SA for $600 million,[49] a division originally formed by Cisco's $6.9 billion purchase of Scientific Atlanta. The deal came as part of Cisco's gradual exit from the consumer market, and as part of an effort by Cisco's new leadership to focus on cloud-based products in enterprise segments. Cisco indicated that it would still collaborate with Technicolor on video products.[50] On November 19, 2015, Cisco, alongside ARM Holdings, Dell, Intel, Microsoft and Princeton University, founded the OpenFog Consortium, to promote interests and development in fog computing.[51]

In January 2016, Cisco invested in VeloCloud, a software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) start-up with a cloud offering for configuring and optimizing branch office networks. Cisco contributed to VeloCloud's $27 million Series C round, led by March Capital Partners.[52]

In February 2017, Cisco launched a cloud-based secure internet gateway, called Cisco Umbrella, to provide safe internet access to users who do not use their corporate networks or VPNs to connect to remote data centers.[53] Immediately after reporting their fourth-quarter earnings for 2017, Cisco's price-per-share value jumped by over 7%, while its Earnings per share ratio increased from 60 to 61 cents per share, due in part to Cisco's outperformance of analyst expectations.[54] In September 2017, Chambers announced that he would step down from the executive chairman role at the end of his term on the board in December 2017.[55] On December 11, 2017, Robbins was elected to succeed Chambers as executive chairman while retaining his role as CEO, and Chambers was given the title of "Chairman Emeritus".[56][57]

Reuters reported that "Cisco Systems Inc’s (CSCO.O) product revenue in Russia grew 20 percent in 2017, ahead of Cisco’s technology product revenue growth in the other so-called BRIC countries of Brazil, China and India."[58][59]

On May 1, 2018, Cisco Systems agreed to buy AI-driven business intelligence startup Accompany for $270 million.[60][61] As of June 2018, Cisco Systems ranked 444th on Forbes Global 2000 list, with $221.3 billion market cap.[62]

In 2019, Cisco acquired CloudCherry, a customer experience management company, and Voicea, an artificial intelligence company.[63][64][65]

In 2019, Cisco also introduced the “Silicon One” ASIC chip with the G100 model reaching a speed of 25.6 Tbit/s.[66] The Silicon One competes against the Tomahawk series by Broadcom the Nvidia Spectrum, the Marvell Teralynx and the Intel Tofino.[67] In 2023, the Silicon One G200 will offer a speed of 51.2Tbit/sec.[68]

In March 2020, SVP and GM of Enterprise Networking David Goeckeler left to become CEO of Western Digital. and was replaced by Todd Nightingale, head of Cisco Meraki.[69] In October 2022, Cisco announced a partnership adding the Microsoft Teams app to its meeting devices.[70]

In 2022, Cisco completely curtailed sales of its equipment in Russia due to Russian invasion of Ukraine, and completely discontinued service for already-sold devices. In April 2023, it became known that the company had destroyed equipment, spare parts, and even vehicles and office furniture worth 1.86 billion rubles (about $23 million) due to the impossibility of re-exporting.[71] In February 2023, Cisco also wrote off the debt of the Russian mobile operator MTS in the amount of 1.234 billion rubles. As expected, these are unpaid amounts for previous equipment deliveries.[72]

On 15 February 2024, Cisco announced it would lay off more than 4,000 employees, or 5% of its global workforce, and lowered its annual revenue forecast due to economic challenges and reduced demand from telecom and cable service providers.[73]

Finance edit

For the fiscal year 2023, Ctarnings of US$12.6 billion, with an annual revenue of US$57 billi. [74]on, an increase of 10.6% over the previous fiscal cycle. Cisco's shares traded at over $43 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$213.2 billion in September 2018.

Year Revenue
in mil. US$ 		Net income
in mil. US$ 		Total Assets
in mil. US$ 		Price per Share
in US$ 		Employees
2000[75]
2001[75] 22,293 −1,014 35,238 16.69
2002[75] 18,915 1,893 37,795 11.80
2003[76] 18,878 3,578 37,107 14.38
2004[76] 22,045 4,401 35,594 17.44
2005[76] 24,801 5,741 33,883 14.67
2006[77] 28,484 5,580 43,315 17.45 49,930
2007[78] 34,922 7,333 53,340 23.07 61,560
2008[79] 39,540 8,052 58,734 18.15 66,130
2009[80] 36,117 6,134 68,128 16.14 65,550
2010[81] 40,040 7,767 81,130 18.74 70,700
2011[82] 43,218 6,490 87,095 14.10 71,830
2012[83] 46,061 8,041 91,759 15.34 66,640
2013[84] 48,607 9,983 101,191 19.20 75,049
2014[85] 47,142 7,853 105,070 21.22 74,042
2015[86] 49,161 8,981 113,373 25.09 71,833
2016[87] 49,247 10,739 121,652 26.83 73,700
2017[88] 48,005 9,609 129,818 31.97 72,900
2018[89] 49,330 110 108,784 43.65 74,200
2019[90] 51,904 11,621 97,793 55.84 75,900
2020[91] 49,301 11,214 97,793 — 77,500
2021[92] 49,818 10,591 97,497 — 79,500
2022[93] 51,557 11,812 94,002 — 83,300
2023[94] 56,998 12,613 101,852 — 84,900

Corporate structure edit

Acquisitions and subsidiaries edit

Further information: List of acquisitions by Cisco

Cisco acquired a variety of companies to spin products and talent into the company. In 1995–1996 the company completed 11 acquisitions.[95] Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom,[96] were one of the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred.[97] During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corporation, a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion.[98] It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to that date, and only the acquisition of Scientific Atlanta has been larger.[99] In 1999, Cisco also acquired a stake for $1 billion in KPMG Consulting to enable establishing Internet firm Metrius founded by Keyur Patel of Fuse.[100] Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) platform Webex and home networking. The latter came as result of Cisco acquiring Linksys in 2003 and in 2010 was supplemented with new product line dubbed Cisco Valet.

Cisco announced on January 12, 2005, that it would acquire Airespace for US$450 million to reinforce the wireless controller product lines.[101]

Cisco announced on January 4, 2007, that it would buy IronPort in a deal valued at US$830 million[102][103] and completed the acquisition on June 25, 2007.[104] IronPort was best known for its IronPort AntiSpam, its SenderBase email reputation service and its email security appliances. Accordingly, IronPort was integrated into the Cisco Security business unit.[105] Ironport's Senderbase was renamed as Sensorbase to take account of the input into this database that other Cisco devices provide.[106] SensorBase allows these devices to build a risk profile on IP addresses, therefore allowing risk profiles to be dynamically created on http sites and SMTP email sources.[107]

In 2010, Cisco bought Starent Networks (a mobile packet core company) for $2.9 billion[108][109] and Moto Development Group, a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco's Flip video camera.[110][111] Also in 2010, Cisco became a key stakeholder in e-Skills Week. In March 2011, Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held network configuration and change management software company Pari Networks.[112]

Although many buy-ins (such as Crescendo Networks in 1993, Tandberg in 2010) resulted in acquisition of flagship technology to Cisco, many others have failed—partially or completely.[113] For instance, in 2010 Cisco occupied a meaningful share of the packet-optical market,[114] revenues were still not on par with US$7 billion price tag paid in 1999 for Cerent. Some of acquired technologies (such as Flip from Pure Digital) saw their product lines terminated.[115][116]

 
Bengaluru, India
 
Munich, Germany
 
Oslo, Norway
Cisco campuses all over the world

Cisco announced on March 15, 2012, that it would acquire NDS Group for $5bn.[117][118] The transaction was completed on July 30, 2012.[119]

In January 2013, Cisco Systems acquired Israeli software maker Intucell for around $475 million in cash, a move to expand its mobile network management offerings.[120][121] In the same month, Cisco Systems acquired Cognitive Security, a company focused on Cyber Threat Protection. Cisco also acquired SolveDirect (cloud services) in March 2013[122] and UK-based Ubiquisys (mobile software) in April 2013 for $310 million.[123]

Cisco acquired cyber-security firm Sourcefire, in October 2013.[124] On June 16, 2014, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of ThreatGRID, a company that provided dynamic malware analysis and threat intelligence technology.[125]

On June 17, 2014, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Tail-f Systems, a leader in configuration management software.[126][127]

On April 2, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Embrane, a software-defined networking startup. The deal will give Cisco Embrane's software platform, which provides layer 3–7 network services for things such as firewalls, VPN termination, server load balancers and SSL offload.[128]

On May 7, 2015, Cisco announced plans to buy Tropo,[129] a cloud API platform that simplifies the addition of real-time communications and collaboration capabilities within applications.[130]

On June 30, 2015, Cisco acquired privately held OpenDNS, the company best known for its DNS service that adds a level of security by monitoring domain name requests.[131]

On August 6, 2015, Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of privately held MaintenanceNet, the US-based company best known for its cloud-based contract management platform ServiceExchange.[132] On the same month, Cisco acquired Pawaa, a privately held company in Bangalore, India that provides secure on-premises and cloud-based file-sharing software.[133]

On September 30, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Portcullis Computer Security, a UK-based company that provides cybersecurity services to enterprise clients and the government sectors.[134]

On October 26, 2015, Cisco announced its intent to acquire ParStream, a privately held company based in Cologne, Germany, that provides an analytics database that allows companies to analyze large amounts of data and store it in near real-time anywhere in the network.[135]

On October 27, 2015, Cisco announced that it would acquire Lancope, a company that focuses on detecting threat activity, for $452.5 million in a cash-and-equity deal.[136]

On June 28, 2016, Cisco announced its intent to acquire CloudLock, a privately held cloud security company founded in 2011 by three Israeli military veterans,[137] for $293 million.[138] The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017.

In August 2016, Cisco announced it is getting closer to making a deal to acquire Springpath, the startup whose technology is used in Cisco's HyperFlex Systems. Cisco already owns an undisclosed stake in the hyper-converged provider.[139] In September 2023, Cisco announced discontinuation of its HyperFlex infrastructure products.[140]

In January 2017, Cisco announced they would acquire AppDynamics, a company that monitors application performance, for $3.7 billion. The acquisition came just one day before AppDynamics was set to IPO.[141]

On January 26, 2017, Cisco founded the Innovation Alliance in Germany with eleven other companies bringing together 40 sites and 2,000 staff to provide small businesses in Germany with expertise.[142]

On August 1, 2017, Cisco completed the acquisition of Viptela Inc. for $610 million in cash and assumed equity awards.[143] Viptela was a privately held software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) company based in San Jose, Ca.

On October 23, 2017, Cisco Systems announced it would be acquiring Broadsoft for $1.9 Billion to further entrench itself in the cloud communication and collaboration area.[144]

On August 7, 2020, Cisco completed its acquisition of network intelligence company ThousandEyes.[145]

On October 1, 2020, Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Israeli startup Portshift for a reported $100 million.[146]

On December 7, 2020, Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Slido to improve Q&A, polls and engagement in WebEx videoconferencing [147]

On December 7, 2020, Cisco announced the acquisition of U.K based IMImobile in a $730M deal.[148]

On May 3, 2021, Cisco completed its acquisition of Q&A and polling platform Slido, which they offered both as a standalone product and with integrations.[149][150][151]

In 2023, Cisco acquired the following cybersecurity companies: Valtix, Lightspin, and Armorblox.[152][153][154] Cisco also announced its intention to acquire networking and security startup Isovalent later that year.[155]

On September 21, 2023, Cisco announced the acquisition of cybersecurity firm Splunk in a $28 billion deal, its biggest acquisition yet.[156][157]

Ownership edit

As of 2017 Cisco Systems shares are mainly held by institutional investors (The Vanguard Group, BlackRock, State Street Corporation and others[158]).

Facilities edit

Cisco is headquartered in San Jose, California at 170 West Tasman Dr. with dozens of buildings comprising its corporate campus.[159] Over 15,000 full-time employees are based at the San Jose campus and the surrounding Bay Area.[160] Cisco's second largest campus in the United States is located at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina with 7,000 employees spanning across 12 buildings.[161]

In August 2020, Cisco announced the creation of a new 130,000 square feet Midwest headquarters in Chicago at the Old Chicago Main Post Office accommodating 1,200 employees.[162][163] Cisco maintains over 200 corporate offices in more than 80 countries.

In July 2021, Cisco announced all employees the option to work remotely on a permanent basis.[164][165]

Products and services edit

Main article: List of Cisco products
 
 
Cisco SG300-28 Rackmount switch (top) and Cisco EPC-3010 modem (bottom)

Cisco's products and services focus on three market segments—enterprise, service provider, midsize and small business.

Cisco provides IT products and services across five major technology areas: networking (including Ethernet, optical, wireless and mobility), security, collaboration (including voice, video, and data), data center, and the Internet of things.[166]

Cisco has grown increasingly popular in the Asia-Pacific region over the last three decades[when?] and is the dominant vendor in the Australian market with leadership across all market segments.[167] It uses its Australian office as one of the main headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region.[168]

VoIP services edit

Cisco became a major provider of Voice over IP to enterprises and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys.

Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS) edit

Cisco partners can offer cloud-based services based on Cisco's virtualized Unified Computing System (UCS). A part of the Cisco Unified Services Delivery Solution that includes hosted versions of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (UCM), Cisco Unified Contact Center, Cisco Unified Mobility, Cisco Unified Presence, Cisco Unity Connection (unified messaging) and Cisco Webex Meeting Center.[169]

Network Emergency Response edit

 
A Cisco 8851 IP phone

As part of its Crisis Response initiative, Cisco maintains several Network Emergency Response Vehicles (NERV)s.[170] The vehicles are maintained and deployed by Cisco employees during natural disasters and other public crises. The vehicles are self-contained and provide wired and wireless services including voice and radio interoperability, voice over IP, network-based video surveillance and secured high-definition video-conferencing for leaders and first responders in crisis areas with up to 3-72 Mbit/s of bandwidth (up and down) via a 1.8-meter satellite antenna.[171][172]

NERVs are based at Cisco headquarters sites in San Jose, California, and at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, allowing strategic deployment in North America. They can become fully operational within 15 minutes of arrival. High-capacity diesel fuel-tanks allow the largest vehicles to run for up to 72 hours continuously.[173] The NERV has been deployed to incidents such as the October 2007 California wildfires; hurricanes Gustav, Ike and Katrina; the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion, tornado outbreaks in North Carolina and Alabama in 2011; and Hurricane Sandy in 2012.[174][175]

The Crisis Response Operations team maintains and deploys smaller, more portable communication kits to emergencies outside of North America. In 2010, the team deployed to assist in earthquake recovery in Haiti and Christchurch (New Zealand). In 2011, they deployed to flooding in Brazil, as well as in response to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan.[170][176]

In 2011, Cisco received the Innovation Preparedness award from the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter for its development and use of these vehicles in disasters.[177]

Certifications edit

Main article: Cisco certifications
 
Cisco headquarters in the North San Jose Innovation District

Cisco Systems also sponsors a line of IT professional certifications for Cisco products.[178] There are five (path to network designers) levels of certification: Entry (CCT), Associate (CCNA/CCDA), Specialist(Cisco Certified Specialist), Professional (CCNP/CCDP), Expert (CCIE/CCDE) and recently Architect (CCAr: CCDE previous),[179] as well as eight different paths, Collaboration, CyberOps, Data Center, DevNet, Enterprise, Security, and Service Provider .

A number of specialist technicians, sales, and datacenter certifications are also available.

Cisco also provides training for these certifications via a portal called the Cisco Networking Academy. Qualifying schools can become members of the Cisco Networking Academy and then provide CCNA level or other level courses. Cisco Academy Instructors must be CCNA certified to be a CCAI certified instructor.

Cisco is involved with technical education in 180 countries with its Cisco Academy program.[180] In March 2013, Cisco announced its interest in Myanmar by investing in two Cisco Networking Academies in Yangon and Mandalay and a channel partner network.[181]

Corporate affairs edit

Awards and accolades edit

 
In 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton awarded Cisco the Secretary of State's Award for Corporate Excellence, which was presented in Jerusalem by Ambassador James B. Cunningham to Cisco Senior Manager Zika Abzuk.

Cisco products, including IP phones and Telepresence, have been seen in movies and TV series.[182] The company was featured in the documentary film Something Ventured which premiered in 2011.[183]

Cisco was a 2002–03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award,[184][185] a U.S. presidential honor to recognize companies "for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities".[184] Cisco ranked number one in Great Place to Work's World's Best Workplaces 2019.[186] In 2020, Fortune magazine ranked Cisco Systems at number four on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction.[187]

According to a report by technology consulting firm LexInnova, Cisco was one of the leading recipients of network security-related patents with the largest portfolio within other companies (6,442 security-related patents) in 2015.[188]

Sponsorship edit

In February 2021, Webex signed a multi-year partnership with McLaren Racing as the Official Collaboration Partner of the team.[189] In the following year, the partnership was extended to Cisco as the Official Technology Partner of the team.[190] In October 2023, Cisco was announced as the Official Primary Partner of the McLaren F1 Academy programme. Cisco's branding will be carried on Bianca Bustamante's car, race suit and team kit in the 2024 F1 Academy season.[191][192]

Controversies edit

 
Cisco Live 2007 in Anaheim, California. Cisco Live is the company's annual exposition and conference.

Shareholder relations edit

A class action lawsuit filed on April 20, 2001, accused Cisco of making misleading statements that "were relied on by purchasers of Cisco stock" and of insider trading.[193] While Cisco denied all allegations in the suit, on August 18, 2006, Cisco's liability insurers, its directors and officers paid the plaintiffs US$91.75 million to settle the suit.[194]

Intellectual property disputes edit

On December 11, 2008, the Free Software Foundation filed suit against Cisco regarding Cisco's failure to comply with the GPL and LGPL licenses and make the applicable source code publicly available.[195] On May 20, 2009, Cisco settled this lawsuit by complying with FSF licensing terms and making a monetary contribution to the FSF.[196]

In October 2020, Cisco was ordered to pay US$1.9 billion to Centripetal Networks for infringement on four cybersecurity patents.[197]

Censorship in China edit

Cisco has been criticized for its involvement in censorship in the People's Republic of China.[198] According to author Ethan Gutmann, Cisco and other telecommunications equipment providers supplied the Chinese government with surveillance and Internet infrastructure equipment that is used to block Internet websites and track online activities in China.[199] Cisco has stated that it does not customize or develop specialized or unique filtering capabilities to enable governments to block access to information and that it sells the same equipment in China as it sells worldwide.[200]

Wired News had uncovered a leaked, confidential Cisco PowerPoint presentation that detailed the commercial opportunities of the Golden Shield Project of Internet control.[201] In May 2011, a group of Falun Gong practitioners filed a lawsuit under the Alien Tort Statute alleging that Cisco knowingly developed and customized its product to assist the Chinese government in prosecution and abuse of Falun Gong practitioners.[202] The lawsuit was dismissed in September 2014[203] by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, which decision was appealed to United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit[204] in September 2015. On July 7, 2023, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the lower court's decision and ruled the lawsuit may proceed to trial.[205][206]

Tax fraud investigation edit

In October 2007, employees of Cisco's Brazilian unit were arrested on charges that they had imported equipment without paying import duties. In response, Cisco stated that they do not import directly into Brazil, and instead use middlemen.[207][208]

Antitrust lawsuit edit

On December 1, 2008, Multiven filed an antitrust lawsuit[215] against Cisco Systems, Inc. Multiven's complaint alleges that Cisco harmed Multiven and consumers by bundling and tying bug fixes/patches and updates for its operating system software to its maintenance services (SMARTnet). In May 2010, Cisco accused the person who filed the antitrust suit, British-Nigerian technology entrepreneur Peter Alfred-Adekeye, with hacking and pressured the US government to extradite him from Canada. Cisco settled the antitrust lawsuit two months after Alfred-Adekeye's arrest by making its software updates available to all Multiven customers.[216][217][218]

Remotely monitoring users' connections edit

Cisco's Linksys E2700, E3500, E4500 devices have been reported to be remotely updated to a firmware version that forces users to register for a cloud service, allows Cisco to monitor their network use and ultimately shut down the cloud service account and thus render the affected router unusable.[219][220]

Firewall backdoor developed by NSA edit

According to the German magazine Der Spiegel the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA (series 5505, 5510, 5520, 5540 and 5550) and 500-series PIX Firewalls.[221]

Cisco's Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products for exploitation or to implement security back doors.[222]

A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald's book No Place to Hide details how the agency's Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit and other NSA employees intercept servers, routers and other network gear being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they are delivered. These Trojan horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being "some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre-position access points into hard target networks around the world."[223]

Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document[224] saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products, supply chain intervention or implant techniques, or new security vulnerabilities. Cisco's general counsel also said that Cisco does not work with any government, including the United States government, to weaken its products.[225] The allegations are reported to have prompted the company's CEO to express concern to the President of the United States.[226] Whistle blowers like Edward Snowden,[227] and journalist reporter Julian Assange have echoed similar sentiments publicly.[228]

Spherix patent suit edit

In March 2014, Cisco Systems was sued for patent infringement. Spherix says that over $43 billion of Cisco's sales infringe on old Nortel patents owned by Spherix. Officials with Spherix are saying that a wide range of Cisco products, from switches to routers, infringe on 11 former Nortel patents that the company now owns.[229]

India net censorship role edit

As of April 2020 Cisco Systems is alleged to be helping the Indian Jammu and Kashmir administration build a firewall that will prevent Internet users in Kashmir from accessing blacklisted websites, including social media portals, through fixed-line connections.[230] Cisco denies the allegations.[231]

Caste discrimination lawsuit edit

In 2020, a lawsuit was initiated against Cisco and two of its employees by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing for alleged discrimination against an Indian engineer on account of him being from a lower caste than them.[232][233]

Xinjiang region edit

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including Cisco, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.[234]

See also edit

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Further reading edit

  • Bunnell, D. (2000). Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-35711-1.
  • Bunnell, D. & Brate, A. (2001). Die Cisco Story (in German). Moderne Industrie. ISBN 3-478-35995-3.
  • Paulson, E. (2001). Inside Cisco: The Real Story of Sustained M&A Growth. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-41425-5.
  • Slater, R. (2003). The Eye of the Storm: How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-018887-1.
  • Stauffer, D. (2001). Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way. Wiley. ISBN 1-84112-087-1.
  • Waters, J. K. (2002). John Chambers and the Cisco Way: Navigating Through Volatility. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-00833-8.
  • Young, J. S. (2001). Cisco Unauthorized: Inside the High-Stakes Race to Own the Future. Prima Lifestyles. ISBN 0-7615-2775-3.

External links edit

 
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February 16, 2024
cisco, confused, with, sysco, sisqó, other, uses, disambiguation, systems, using, trademark, american, multinational, digital, communications, technology, conglomerate, corporation, headquartered, jose, california, develops, manufactures, sells, networking, ha. Not to be confused with Sysco or Sisqo For other uses see Cisco disambiguation Cisco Systems Inc using the trademark Cisco is an American multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose California Cisco develops manufactures and sells networking hardware software telecommunications equipment and other high technology services and products 3 Cisco specializes in specific tech markets such as the Internet of things IoT domain security videoconferencing and energy management with leading products including Webex OpenDNS Jabber Duo Security and Jasper Cisco is one of the largest technology companies in the world ranking 82nd on the Fortune 100 with over 51 billion in revenue and nearly 83 300 employees 4 Cisco Systems Inc Building 10 of the Cisco San Jose Main CampusCompany typePublicTraded asNasdaq CSCO Nasdaq 100 component DJIA component S amp P 100 component S amp P 500 componentIndustryNetworking hardwareNetworking softwareFoundedDecember 10 1984 39 years ago 1984 12 10 in San Francisco California U S FoundersScarpin CiscoScarpin ErnestoHeadquartersSan Jose California U S 1 Area servedWorldwideKey peopleChuck Robbins CEO amp Chairman ProductsList of Cisco productsRevenueUS 56 99 billion 2023 Operating incomeUS 15 03 billion 2023 Net incomeUS 12 61 billion 2023 Total assetsUS 101 8 billion 2023 Total equityUS 44 35 billion 2023 Number of employeesc 84 900 2023 Websitecisco comFootnotes referencesFinancials as of July 29 2023 update 2 Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner two Stanford University computer scientists who had been instrumental in connecting computers at Stanford They pioneered the concept of a local area network LAN being used to connect distant computers over a multiprotocol router system By the time the company went public in 1990 Cisco had a market capitalization of 224 million by the end of the dot com bubble in the year 2000 this had increased to 500 billion surpassing Microsoft as the world s most valuable company 5 6 As of December 2021 Cisco had a market capitalization of around 267 billion 7 Cisco stock CSCO was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8 2009 and is also included in the S amp P 500 Nasdaq 100 the Russell 1000 and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock indices 8 9 In 2021 Fortune ranked Cisco number one for the second year on their annual list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For based on employee satisfaction surveying 10 11 LinkedIn and Glassdoor also ranked Cisco as a top place to work in 2021 and recent years 12 13 Contents 1 History 1 1 1984 1995 Origins and initial growth 1 2 1996 2005 Internet and silicon intelligence 1 3 2006 2012 The Human Network 1 4 2013 present 2 Finance 3 Corporate structure 3 1 Acquisitions and subsidiaries 3 2 Ownership 3 3 Facilities 4 Products and services 4 1 VoIP services 4 2 Hosted Collaboration Solution HCS 4 3 Network Emergency Response 4 4 Certifications 5 Corporate affairs 5 1 Awards and accolades 5 2 Sponsorship 6 Controversies 6 1 Shareholder relations 6 2 Intellectual property disputes 6 3 Censorship in China 6 4 Tax fraud investigation 6 5 Antitrust lawsuit 6 6 Remotely monitoring users connections 6 7 Firewall backdoor developed by NSA 6 8 Spherix patent suit 6 9 India net censorship role 6 10 Caste discrimination lawsuit 6 11 Xinjiang region 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory edit1984 1995 Origins and initial growth edit nbsp Cisco s first router the Advanced Gateway Server AGS router 1986 Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Sandy Lerner along with her husband Leonard Bosack Lerner was the director of computer facilities for the Stanford University Graduate School of Business Bosack was in charge of the Stanford University computer science department s computers 14 Cisco s initial product has roots in Stanford University s campus technology In the early 1980s students and staff at Stanford including Bosack used technology on the campus to link all of the school s computer systems to talk to one another creating a box that functioned as a multiprotocol router called the Blue Box 15 The Blue Box used circuitry made by Andy Bechtolsheim and software that was originally written at Stanford by research engineer William Yeager 15 Due to the underlying architecture and its ability to scale well Yeager s well designed invention became a key to Cisco s early success 16 In 1985 Bosack and Stanford employee Kirk Lougheed began a project to formally network Stanford s campus 15 They adapted Yeager s software into what became the foundation for Cisco IOS despite Yeager s claims that he had been denied permission to sell the Blue Box commercially On July 11 1986 Bosack and Lougheed were forced to resign from Stanford and the university contemplated filing criminal complaints against Cisco and its founders for the theft of its software hardware designs and other intellectual properties 15 In 1987 Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to Cisco 15 In addition to Bosack Lerner Lougheed Greg Satz a programmer and Richard Troiano who handled sales completed the early Cisco team 15 The company s first CEO was Bill Graves who held the position from 1987 to 1988 17 In 1988 John Morgridge was appointed CEO 18 The name Cisco was derived from the city name San Francisco which is why the company s engineers insisted on using the lower case cisco in its early years citation needed The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge 19 On February 16 1990 Cisco Systems went public with a market capitalization of 224 million and was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange On August 28 1990 Lerner was fired Upon hearing the news her husband Bosack resigned in protest 20 Although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes 21 it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols 22 Classical CPU based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with flexibility of operating system IOS allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades Some popular models of that time such as Cisco 2500 managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged The company was quick to capture the emerging service provider environment entering the SP market with product lines such as Cisco 7000 and Cisco 8500 23 Between 1992 and 1994 Cisco acquired several companies in Ethernet switching such as Kalpana 24 Grand Junction 25 and most notably Mario Mazzola s Crescendo Communications 26 which together formed the Catalyst business unit At the time the company envisioned layer 3 routing and layer 2 Ethernet Token Ring switching as complementary functions of different intelligence and architecture the former was slow and complex the latter was fast but simple This philosophy dominated the company s product lines throughout the 1990s 23 In 1995 John Morgridge was succeeded by John T Chambers 27 1996 2005 Internet and silicon intelligence edit nbsp John T Chambers led Cisco as its CEO between 1995 and 2015 Pictured at 2010 World Economic Forum in Davos Switzerland The Internet Protocol IP became widely adopted in the mid to late 1990s 28 Cisco introduced products ranging from modem access shelves AS5200 to core GSR routers making them a major player in the market 28 In late March 2000 at the height of the dot com bubble Cisco became the most valuable company in the world with a market capitalization of more than 500 billion 5 29 As of July 2014 with a market cap of about US 129 billion 30 it was still one of the most valuable companies 31 The perceived complexity of programming routing functions in silicon led to the formation of several startups determined to find new ways to process IP and MPLS packets entirely in hardware and blur boundaries between routing and switching One of them Juniper Networks shipped their first product in 1999 and by 2000 chipped away about 30 from Cisco SP Market share In response Cisco later developed homegrown ASICs and fast processing cards for GSR routers and Catalyst 6500 switches In 2004 Cisco also started the migration to new high end hardware CRS 1 and software architecture IOS XR 32 2006 2012 The Human Network edit nbsp Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and California Gov Arnold Schwarzenegger at Cisco 2010 33 As part of a rebranding campaign in 2006 Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name Cisco and created The Human Network advertising campaign 34 These efforts were meant to make Cisco a household brand a strategy designed to support the low end Linksys products and future consumer products 23 On the more traditional business side Cisco continued to develop its routing switching and security portfolio The quickly growing importance of Ethernet also influenced the company s product lines Limits of IOS and aging Crescendo architecture also forced Cisco to look at merchant silicon in the carrier Ethernet segment This resulted in a new ASR 9000 product family intended to consolidate the company s carrier Ethernet and subscriber management business around EZChip based hardware and IOS XR 23 Throughout the mid 2000s Cisco also built a significant presence in India establishing its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for 1 billion 35 Cisco also expanded into new markets by acquisition one example being a 2009 purchase of mobile specialist Starent Networks 36 Cisco continued to be challenged by both domestic competitors Alcatel Lucent Juniper Networks and an overseas competitor Huawei Due to lower than expected profit in 2011 Cisco reduced annual expenses by 1 billion The company cut around 3 000 employees with an early retirement program who accepted a buyout and planned to eliminate as many as 10 000 jobs around 14 percent of the 73 400 total employees before curtailment 37 38 During the 2011 analyst call Cisco s CEO John Chambers called out several competitors by name 39 including Juniper and HP On July 24 2012 Cisco received approval from the EU to acquire NDS a TV software developer for US 5 billion 40 In 2013 Cisco sold its Linksys home router unit to Belkin International Inc signaling a shift to sales to businesses rather than consumers 41 2013 present edit nbsp Former Portuguese President Cavaco Silva former Cisco CEO John Chambers and Cisco Senior Director of Innovation Helder Antunes during the 2011 presidential visit to the USOn July 23 2013 Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire for 2 7 billion 42 On August 14 2013 Cisco Systems announced it would cut 4 000 jobs from its workforce which was roughly 6 starting in 2014 43 At the end of 2013 Cisco announced poor revenue due to depressed sales in emerging markets caused by economic uncertainty and by fears of the National Security Agency planting backdoors in its products 44 In April 2014 Cisco announced funding for early stage firms to focus on the Internet of Things The investment fund was allocated to investments in IoT accelerators and startups such as The Alchemist Accelerator Ayla Networks and EVRYTHNG 45 Later that year the company announced it was laying off another 6 000 workers or 8 of its global workforce as part of a second restructuring 46 On November 4 2014 Cisco announced an investment in Stratoscale 47 On May 4 2015 Cisco announced CEO and Chairman John Chambers would step down as CEO on July 26 2015 but remain chairman Chuck Robbins senior vice president of worldwide sales amp operations and 17 year Cisco veteran was announced as the next CEO 48 On July 23 2015 Cisco announced the divestiture of its television set top box and cable modem business to Technicolor SA for 600 million 49 a division originally formed by Cisco s 6 9 billion purchase of Scientific Atlanta The deal came as part of Cisco s gradual exit from the consumer market and as part of an effort by Cisco s new leadership to focus on cloud based products in enterprise segments Cisco indicated that it would still collaborate with Technicolor on video products 50 On November 19 2015 Cisco alongside ARM Holdings Dell Intel Microsoft and Princeton University founded the OpenFog Consortium to promote interests and development in fog computing 51 In January 2016 Cisco invested in VeloCloud a software defined WAN SD WAN start up with a cloud offering for configuring and optimizing branch office networks Cisco contributed to VeloCloud s 27 million Series C round led by March Capital Partners 52 In February 2017 Cisco launched a cloud based secure internet gateway called Cisco Umbrella to provide safe internet access to users who do not use their corporate networks or VPNs to connect to remote data centers 53 Immediately after reporting their fourth quarter earnings for 2017 Cisco s price per share value jumped by over 7 while its Earnings per share ratio increased from 60 to 61 cents per share due in part to Cisco s outperformance of analyst expectations 54 In September 2017 Chambers announced that he would step down from the executive chairman role at the end of his term on the board in December 2017 55 On December 11 2017 Robbins was elected to succeed Chambers as executive chairman while retaining his role as CEO and Chambers was given the title of Chairman Emeritus 56 57 Reuters reported that Cisco Systems Inc s CSCO O product revenue in Russia grew 20 percent in 2017 ahead of Cisco s technology product revenue growth in the other so called BRIC countries of Brazil China and India 58 59 On May 1 2018 Cisco Systems agreed to buy AI driven business intelligence startup Accompany for 270 million 60 61 As of June 2018 Cisco Systems ranked 444th on Forbes Global 2000 list with 221 3 billion market cap 62 In 2019 Cisco acquired CloudCherry a customer experience management company and Voicea an artificial intelligence company 63 64 65 In 2019 Cisco also introduced the Silicon One ASIC chip with the G100 model reaching a speed of 25 6 Tbit s 66 The Silicon One competes against the Tomahawk series by Broadcom the Nvidia Spectrum the Marvell Teralynx and the Intel Tofino 67 In 2023 the Silicon One G200 will offer a speed of 51 2Tbit sec 68 In March 2020 SVP and GM of Enterprise Networking David Goeckeler left to become CEO of Western Digital and was replaced by Todd Nightingale head of Cisco Meraki 69 In October 2022 Cisco announced a partnership adding the Microsoft Teams app to its meeting devices 70 In 2022 Cisco completely curtailed sales of its equipment in Russia due to Russian invasion of Ukraine and completely discontinued service for already sold devices In April 2023 it became known that the company had destroyed equipment spare parts and even vehicles and office furniture worth 1 86 billion rubles about 23 million due to the impossibility of re exporting 71 In February 2023 Cisco also wrote off the debt of the Russian mobile operator MTS in the amount of 1 234 billion rubles As expected these are unpaid amounts for previous equipment deliveries 72 On 15 February 2024 Cisco announced it would lay off more than 4 000 employees or 5 of its global workforce and lowered its annual revenue forecast due to economic challenges and reduced demand from telecom and cable service providers 73 Finance editFor the fiscal year 2023 Ctarnings of US 12 6 billion with an annual revenue of US 57 billi 74 on an increase of 10 6 over the previous fiscal cycle Cisco s shares traded at over 43 per share and its market capitalization was valued at US 213 2 billion in September 2018 Year Revenuein mil US Net incomein mil US Total Assetsin mil US Price per Sharein US Employees2000 75 2001 75 22 293 1 014 35 238 16 692002 75 18 915 1 893 37 795 11 802003 76 18 878 3 578 37 107 14 382004 76 22 045 4 401 35 594 17 442005 76 24 801 5 741 33 883 14 672006 77 28 484 5 580 43 315 17 45 49 9302007 78 34 922 7 333 53 340 23 07 61 5602008 79 39 540 8 052 58 734 18 15 66 1302009 80 36 117 6 134 68 128 16 14 65 5502010 81 40 040 7 767 81 130 18 74 70 7002011 82 43 218 6 490 87 095 14 10 71 8302012 83 46 061 8 041 91 759 15 34 66 6402013 84 48 607 9 983 101 191 19 20 75 0492014 85 47 142 7 853 105 070 21 22 74 0422015 86 49 161 8 981 113 373 25 09 71 8332016 87 49 247 10 739 121 652 26 83 73 7002017 88 48 005 9 609 129 818 31 97 72 9002018 89 49 330 110 108 784 43 65 74 2002019 90 51 904 11 621 97 793 55 84 75 9002020 91 49 301 11 214 97 793 77 5002021 92 49 818 10 591 97 497 79 5002022 93 51 557 11 812 94 002 83 3002023 94 56 998 12 613 101 852 84 900Corporate structure editAcquisitions and subsidiaries edit Further information List of acquisitions by Cisco Cisco acquired a variety of companies to spin products and talent into the company In 1995 1996 the company completed 11 acquisitions 95 Several acquisitions such as Stratacom 96 were one of the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred 97 During the Internet boom in 1999 the company acquired Cerent Corporation a start up company located in Petaluma California for about US 7 billion 98 It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to that date and only the acquisition of Scientific Atlanta has been larger 99 In 1999 Cisco also acquired a stake for 1 billion in KPMG Consulting to enable establishing Internet firm Metrius founded by Keyur Patel of Fuse 100 Several acquired companies have grown into 1Bn business units for Cisco including LAN switching Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol VOIP platform Webex and home networking The latter came as result of Cisco acquiring Linksys in 2003 and in 2010 was supplemented with new product line dubbed Cisco Valet Cisco announced on January 12 2005 that it would acquire Airespace for US 450 million to reinforce the wireless controller product lines 101 Cisco announced on January 4 2007 that it would buy IronPort in a deal valued at US 830 million 102 103 and completed the acquisition on June 25 2007 104 IronPort was best known for its IronPort AntiSpam its SenderBase email reputation service and its email security appliances Accordingly IronPort was integrated into the Cisco Security business unit 105 Ironport s Senderbase was renamed as Sensorbase to take account of the input into this database that other Cisco devices provide 106 SensorBase allows these devices to build a risk profile on IP addresses therefore allowing risk profiles to be dynamically created on http sites and SMTP email sources 107 In 2010 Cisco bought Starent Networks a mobile packet core company for 2 9 billion 108 109 and Moto Development Group a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco s Flip video camera 110 111 Also in 2010 Cisco became a key stakeholder in e Skills Week In March 2011 Cisco completed the acquisition of privately held network configuration and change management software company Pari Networks 112 Although many buy ins such as Crescendo Networks in 1993 Tandberg in 2010 resulted in acquisition of flagship technology to Cisco many others have failed partially or completely 113 For instance in 2010 Cisco occupied a meaningful share of the packet optical market 114 revenues were still not on par with US 7 billion price tag paid in 1999 for Cerent Some of acquired technologies such as Flip from Pure Digital saw their product lines terminated 115 116 nbsp Bengaluru India nbsp Munich Germany nbsp Oslo NorwayCisco campuses all over the world Cisco announced on March 15 2012 that it would acquire NDS Group for 5bn 117 118 The transaction was completed on July 30 2012 119 In January 2013 Cisco Systems acquired Israeli software maker Intucell for around 475 million in cash a move to expand its mobile network management offerings 120 121 In the same month Cisco Systems acquired Cognitive Security a company focused on Cyber Threat Protection Cisco also acquired SolveDirect cloud services in March 2013 122 and UK based Ubiquisys mobile software in April 2013 for 310 million 123 Cisco acquired cyber security firm Sourcefire in October 2013 124 On June 16 2014 Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of ThreatGRID a company that provided dynamic malware analysis and threat intelligence technology 125 On June 17 2014 Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Tail f Systems a leader in configuration management software 126 127 On April 2 2015 Cisco announced plans to buy Embrane a software defined networking startup The deal will give Cisco Embrane s software platform which provides layer 3 7 network services for things such as firewalls VPN termination server load balancers and SSL offload 128 On May 7 2015 Cisco announced plans to buy Tropo 129 a cloud API platform that simplifies the addition of real time communications and collaboration capabilities within applications 130 On June 30 2015 Cisco acquired privately held OpenDNS the company best known for its DNS service that adds a level of security by monitoring domain name requests 131 On August 6 2015 Cisco announced that it has completed the acquisition of privately held MaintenanceNet the US based company best known for its cloud based contract management platform ServiceExchange 132 On the same month Cisco acquired Pawaa a privately held company in Bangalore India that provides secure on premises and cloud based file sharing software 133 On September 30 2015 Cisco announced its intent to acquire privately held Portcullis Computer Security a UK based company that provides cybersecurity services to enterprise clients and the government sectors 134 On October 26 2015 Cisco announced its intent to acquire ParStream a privately held company based in Cologne Germany that provides an analytics database that allows companies to analyze large amounts of data and store it in near real time anywhere in the network 135 On October 27 2015 Cisco announced that it would acquire Lancope a company that focuses on detecting threat activity for 452 5 million in a cash and equity deal 136 On June 28 2016 Cisco announced its intent to acquire CloudLock a privately held cloud security company founded in 2011 by three Israeli military veterans 137 for 293 million 138 The deal was expected to close in the first quarter of 2017 In August 2016 Cisco announced it is getting closer to making a deal to acquire Springpath the startup whose technology is used in Cisco s HyperFlex Systems Cisco already owns an undisclosed stake in the hyper converged provider 139 In September 2023 Cisco announced discontinuation of its HyperFlex infrastructure products 140 In January 2017 Cisco announced they would acquire AppDynamics a company that monitors application performance for 3 7 billion The acquisition came just one day before AppDynamics was set to IPO 141 On January 26 2017 Cisco founded the Innovation Alliance in Germany with eleven other companies bringing together 40 sites and 2 000 staff to provide small businesses in Germany with expertise 142 On August 1 2017 Cisco completed the acquisition of Viptela Inc for 610 million in cash and assumed equity awards 143 Viptela was a privately held software defined wide area network SD WAN company based in San Jose Ca On October 23 2017 Cisco Systems announced it would be acquiring Broadsoft for 1 9 Billion to further entrench itself in the cloud communication and collaboration area 144 On August 7 2020 Cisco completed its acquisition of network intelligence company ThousandEyes 145 On October 1 2020 Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Israeli startup Portshift for a reported 100 million 146 On December 7 2020 Cisco announced that it would be acquiring Slido to improve Q amp A polls and engagement in WebEx videoconferencing 147 On December 7 2020 Cisco announced the acquisition of U K based IMImobile in a 730M deal 148 On May 3 2021 Cisco completed its acquisition of Q amp A and polling platform Slido which they offered both as a standalone product and with integrations 149 150 151 In 2023 Cisco acquired the following cybersecurity companies Valtix Lightspin and Armorblox 152 153 154 Cisco also announced its intention to acquire networking and security startup Isovalent later that year 155 On September 21 2023 Cisco announced the acquisition of cybersecurity firm Splunk in a 28 billion deal its biggest acquisition yet 156 157 Ownership edit As of 2017 Cisco Systems shares are mainly held by institutional investors The Vanguard Group BlackRock State Street Corporation and others 158 Facilities edit Cisco is headquartered in San Jose California at 170 West Tasman Dr with dozens of buildings comprising its corporate campus 159 Over 15 000 full time employees are based at the San Jose campus and the surrounding Bay Area 160 Cisco s second largest campus in the United States is located at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina with 7 000 employees spanning across 12 buildings 161 In August 2020 Cisco announced the creation of a new 130 000 square feet Midwest headquarters in Chicago at the Old Chicago Main Post Office accommodating 1 200 employees 162 163 Cisco maintains over 200 corporate offices in more than 80 countries In July 2021 Cisco announced all employees the option to work remotely on a permanent basis 164 165 Products and services editMain article List of Cisco products nbsp nbsp Cisco SG300 28 Rackmount switch top and Cisco EPC 3010 modem bottom Cisco s products and services focus on three market segments enterprise service provider midsize and small business Cisco provides IT products and services across five major technology areas networking including Ethernet optical wireless and mobility security collaboration including voice video and data data center and the Internet of things 166 Cisco has grown increasingly popular in the Asia Pacific region over the last three decades when and is the dominant vendor in the Australian market with leadership across all market segments 167 It uses its Australian office as one of the main headquarters for the Asia Pacific region 168 VoIP services edit Cisco became a major provider of Voice over IP to enterprises and is now moving into the home user market through its acquisitions of Scientific Atlanta and Linksys Hosted Collaboration Solution HCS edit Cisco partners can offer cloud based services based on Cisco s virtualized Unified Computing System UCS A part of the Cisco Unified Services Delivery Solution that includes hosted versions of Cisco Unified Communications Manager UCM Cisco Unified Contact Center Cisco Unified Mobility Cisco Unified Presence Cisco Unity Connection unified messaging and Cisco Webex Meeting Center 169 Network Emergency Response edit nbsp A Cisco 8851 IP phoneAs part of its Crisis Response initiative Cisco maintains several Network Emergency Response Vehicles NERV s 170 The vehicles are maintained and deployed by Cisco employees during natural disasters and other public crises The vehicles are self contained and provide wired and wireless services including voice and radio interoperability voice over IP network based video surveillance and secured high definition video conferencing for leaders and first responders in crisis areas with up to 3 72 Mbit s of bandwidth up and down via a 1 8 meter satellite antenna 171 172 NERVs are based at Cisco headquarters sites in San Jose California and at Research Triangle Park North Carolina allowing strategic deployment in North America They can become fully operational within 15 minutes of arrival High capacity diesel fuel tanks allow the largest vehicles to run for up to 72 hours continuously 173 The NERV has been deployed to incidents such as the October 2007 California wildfires hurricanes Gustav Ike and Katrina the 2010 San Bruno gas pipeline explosion tornado outbreaks in North Carolina and Alabama in 2011 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012 174 175 The Crisis Response Operations team maintains and deploys smaller more portable communication kits to emergencies outside of North America In 2010 the team deployed to assist in earthquake recovery in Haiti and Christchurch New Zealand In 2011 they deployed to flooding in Brazil as well as in response to the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan 170 176 In 2011 Cisco received the Innovation Preparedness award from the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter for its development and use of these vehicles in disasters 177 Certifications edit Main article Cisco certifications nbsp Cisco headquarters in the North San Jose Innovation DistrictCisco Systems also sponsors a line of IT professional certifications for Cisco products 178 There are five path to network designers levels of certification Entry CCT Associate CCNA CCDA Specialist Cisco Certified Specialist Professional CCNP CCDP Expert CCIE CCDE and recently Architect CCAr CCDE previous 179 as well as eight different paths Collaboration CyberOps Data Center DevNet Enterprise Security and Service Provider A number of specialist technicians sales and datacenter certifications are also available Cisco also provides training for these certifications via a portal called the Cisco Networking Academy Qualifying schools can become members of the Cisco Networking Academy and then provide CCNA level or other level courses Cisco Academy Instructors must be CCNA certified to be a CCAI certified instructor Cisco is involved with technical education in 180 countries with its Cisco Academy program 180 In March 2013 Cisco announced its interest in Myanmar by investing in two Cisco Networking Academies in Yangon and Mandalay and a channel partner network 181 Corporate affairs editAwards and accolades edit nbsp In 2010 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton awarded Cisco the Secretary of State s Award for Corporate Excellence which was presented in Jerusalem by Ambassador James B Cunningham to Cisco Senior Manager Zika Abzuk Cisco products including IP phones and Telepresence have been seen in movies and TV series 182 The company was featured in the documentary film Something Ventured which premiered in 2011 183 Cisco was a 2002 03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award 184 185 a U S presidential honor to recognize companies for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities 184 Cisco ranked number one in Great Place to Work s World s Best Workplaces 2019 186 In 2020 Fortune magazine ranked Cisco Systems at number four on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction 187 According to a report by technology consulting firm LexInnova Cisco was one of the leading recipients of network security related patents with the largest portfolio within other companies 6 442 security related patents in 2015 188 Sponsorship edit In February 2021 Webex signed a multi year partnership with McLaren Racing as the Official Collaboration Partner of the team 189 In the following year the partnership was extended to Cisco as the Official Technology Partner of the team 190 In October 2023 Cisco was announced as the Official Primary Partner of the McLaren F1 Academy programme Cisco s branding will be carried on Bianca Bustamante s car race suit and team kit in the 2024 F1 Academy season 191 192 Controversies edit nbsp Cisco Live 2007 in Anaheim California Cisco Live is the company s annual exposition and conference Shareholder relations edit A class action lawsuit filed on April 20 2001 accused Cisco of making misleading statements that were relied on by purchasers of Cisco stock and of insider trading 193 While Cisco denied all allegations in the suit on August 18 2006 Cisco s liability insurers its directors and officers paid the plaintiffs US 91 75 million to settle the suit 194 Intellectual property disputes edit On December 11 2008 the Free Software Foundation filed suit against Cisco regarding Cisco s failure to comply with the GPL and LGPL licenses and make the applicable source code publicly available 195 On May 20 2009 Cisco settled this lawsuit by complying with FSF licensing terms and making a monetary contribution to the FSF 196 In October 2020 Cisco was ordered to pay US 1 9 billion to Centripetal Networks for infringement on four cybersecurity patents 197 Censorship in China edit Cisco has been criticized for its involvement in censorship in the People s Republic of China 198 According to author Ethan Gutmann Cisco and other telecommunications equipment providers supplied the Chinese government with surveillance and Internet infrastructure equipment that is used to block Internet websites and track online activities in China 199 Cisco has stated that it does not customize or develop specialized or unique filtering capabilities to enable governments to block access to information and that it sells the same equipment in China as it sells worldwide 200 Wired News had uncovered a leaked confidential Cisco PowerPoint presentation that detailed the commercial opportunities of the Golden Shield Project of Internet control 201 In May 2011 a group of Falun Gong practitioners filed a lawsuit under the Alien Tort Statute alleging that Cisco knowingly developed and customized its product to assist the Chinese government in prosecution and abuse of Falun Gong practitioners 202 The lawsuit was dismissed in September 2014 203 by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California which decision was appealed to United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 204 in September 2015 On July 7 2023 the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the lower court s decision and ruled the lawsuit may proceed to trial 205 206 Tax fraud investigation edit In October 2007 employees of Cisco s Brazilian unit were arrested on charges that they had imported equipment without paying import duties In response Cisco stated that they do not import directly into Brazil and instead use middlemen 207 208 Antitrust lawsuit edit On December 1 2008 Multiven filed an antitrust lawsuit 215 against Cisco Systems Inc Multiven s complaint alleges that Cisco harmed Multiven and consumers by bundling and tying bug fixes patches and updates for its operating system software to its maintenance services SMARTnet In May 2010 Cisco accused the person who filed the antitrust suit British Nigerian technology entrepreneur Peter Alfred Adekeye with hacking and pressured the US government to extradite him from Canada Cisco settled the antitrust lawsuit two months after Alfred Adekeye s arrest by making its software updates available to all Multiven customers 216 217 218 Remotely monitoring users connections edit Cisco s Linksys E2700 E3500 E4500 devices have been reported to be remotely updated to a firmware version that forces users to register for a cloud service allows Cisco to monitor their network use and ultimately shut down the cloud service account and thus render the affected router unusable 219 220 Firewall backdoor developed by NSA edit According to the German magazine Der Spiegel the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA series 5505 5510 5520 5540 and 5550 and 500 series PIX Firewalls 221 Cisco s Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products for exploitation or to implement security back doors 222 A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald s book No Place to Hide details how the agency s Tailored Access Operations TAO unit and other NSA employees intercept servers routers and other network gear being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they are delivered These Trojan horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre position access points into hard target networks around the world 223 Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document 224 saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products supply chain intervention or implant techniques or new security vulnerabilities Cisco s general counsel also said that Cisco does not work with any government including the United States government to weaken its products 225 The allegations are reported to have prompted the company s CEO to express concern to the President of the United States 226 Whistle blowers like Edward Snowden 227 and journalist reporter Julian Assange have echoed similar sentiments publicly 228 Spherix patent suit edit In March 2014 Cisco Systems was sued for patent infringement Spherix says that over 43 billion of Cisco s sales infringe on old Nortel patents owned by Spherix Officials with Spherix are saying that a wide range of Cisco products from switches to routers infringe on 11 former Nortel patents that the company now owns 229 India net censorship role edit As of April 2020 update Cisco Systems is alleged to be helping the Indian Jammu and Kashmir administration build a firewall that will prevent Internet users in Kashmir from accessing blacklisted websites including social media portals through fixed line connections 230 Cisco denies the allegations 231 Caste discrimination lawsuit edit In 2020 a lawsuit was initiated against Cisco and two of its employees by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing for alleged discrimination against an Indian engineer on account of him being from a lower caste than them 232 233 Xinjiang region edit In 2020 the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands including Cisco of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang 234 See also edit nbsp Telecommunication portal nbsp Companies portalMass surveillance in the United States Cisco certifications Cisco IOS Packet Tracer Cisco Catalyst Cisco DevNet Cisco Express Forwarding Cisco Discovery Protocol Cisco Security Agent Cisco Systems VPN Client Cisco WebEx Cisco FieldReferences edit Contact Cisco Retrieved March 1 2017 Cisco Systems Inc Fiscal 2023 Annual Report Form 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Cisco for alleged discrimination against employee because of caste CNN Business California sues Cisco over discrimination against dalit employee The Week Indian magazine July 1 2020 Xu Vicky Xiuzhong Cave Danielle Leibold James Munro Kelsey Ruser Nathan March 1 2020 Uyghurs for sale Australian Strategic Policy Institute Retrieved July 7 2022 Further reading editBunnell D 2000 Making the Cisco Connection The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower Wiley ISBN 0 471 35711 1 Bunnell D amp Brate A 2001 Die Cisco Story in German Moderne Industrie ISBN 3 478 35995 3 Paulson E 2001 Inside Cisco The Real Story of Sustained M amp A Growth Wiley ISBN 0 471 41425 5 Slater R 2003 The Eye of the Storm How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse HarperCollins ISBN 0 06 018887 1 Stauffer D 2001 Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way Wiley ISBN 1 84112 087 1 Waters J K 2002 John Chambers and the Cisco Way Navigating Through Volatility Wiley ISBN 0 471 00833 8 Young J S 2001 Cisco Unauthorized Inside the High Stakes Race to Own the Future Prima Lifestyles ISBN 0 7615 2775 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cisco Official website nbsp Business data for Cisco Systems Inc GoogleSEC filingsYahoo Preceded byGeneral Motors Dow Jones Industrial Average componentJune 8 2009 present Incumbent Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cisco amp oldid 1207682029, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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