Biri, also known as Biria, Birri Gubba, Birigaba, Wiri, Perembba and other variants, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Mackay area of Queensland spoken by the Birri Gubba people. There are at least eight languages regarded as dialects of Biri, and two which are related but whose status is not yet fully determined (see the table to the right). All are covered in this article.
A grammar of Biri proper was written before the language became nearly extinct. As of January 2020[update] some of the dialects have been undergoing a revival for some years.
Map of traditional lands of Aboriginal people around Mackay, Rockhampton and Gladstone in Queensland
The following languages are regarded as confirmed dialects of Biri by the AUSTLANG database maintained by AIATSIS. Only one alternative name is given, for brevity; most have many more. All of these dialects appear to be extinct; AUSTLANG shows no speakers for any of them since 1975.
E54: Yuwi (Juipera, Toolginburra, Yuipera, Juwibara, Yuibera, Yuwiburra, Yuwibarra, Yuwibara): Yuwibara is treated as a dialect of Biri by Angela Terrill, based on George Bridgeman and Pierre-Marie Bucas' list in Curr (Vol.3, pp. 44–51), having over 80% in common with Biri. However Gavan Breen assigns it to Wiri (E57) – another dialect of Biri – on the basis of geography and other evidence. AIATSIS had not as of October 2020[update] assigned a status to it.[7]
Yuwi had no recorded speakers between 1975 and 2016 according to AUSTLANG,[7] but efforts are being made to revive the language. After a group of Yuwi descendants had worked hard to revive the language, by January 2020 elders were able to conduct "Welcome to Country" ceremonies in language. It was a long process, which included Elders consulting with the State Library of Queensland, working on building word lists and developing a dictionary. The organisation First Languages Australia (a language advocacy body established in 2013[13]) lends support.[14]
The language and people are usually referred to as Yuwibara today,[15][16] with a 2020 native title determination made in this name.[17]
Ngaroedit
E59: Ngaro's status as a separate dialect is unconfirmed, with a Tindale wordlist being the only source. Breen assigns it to Wiri (E57).[11]
Gabulbarraedit
Gabulbarra is name for a people of Central Queensland, but little is known about their language. Gavan Breen thinks that they spoke a dialect of Biri, and the status of their language is recorded as "potential" on AUSTLANG.[18]
^"First Languages Australia". First Languages Australia. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
^Maddison, Melissa; Wykeham, Ollie (13 January 2020). "How Welcome to Country helped save the Yuwi language from the brink of extinction". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
^Battley, Daniel; Kesteven, Sophie (26 March 2015). "Yuwibara language kept alive in Mackay". ABC Tropical Queensland. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
^"Traditional Owners". Reef Catchments. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
^"Native Title Determination Details: QCD2020/001 - Yuwibara People". National Native Title Tribunal. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
Galvin, Eleanor (May 2011). "Selected bibliography of the Birria / Biria / Pirriya language and people held in the AIATSIS Library". CiteSeerX10.1.1.648.5911.
Marcussen, Lisa (December 2014). (PDF). AIATSIS Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2020.
biri, language, confused, with, nhanhagardi, language, also, known, wiri, biri, also, known, biria, birri, gubba, birigaba, wiri, perembba, other, variants, australian, aboriginal, language, mackay, area, queensland, spoken, birri, gubba, people, there, least,. Not to be confused with Nhanhagardi language also known as Wiri Biri also known as Biria Birri Gubba Birigaba Wiri Perembba and other variants is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Mackay area of Queensland spoken by the Birri Gubba people There are at least eight languages regarded as dialects of Biri and two which are related but whose status is not yet fully determined see the table to the right All are covered in this article BiriEastern MaricNative toAustraliaRegionQueenslandEthnicityBiria Kangulu Wiri Yuibera Yilba Barada Yambina Yetimarala Karingbal Yangga Giya Bumbarra Baranha MiyanLanguage familyPama Nyungan MaricBiriDialectsBiri Garaynbal Gangulu Baradha Yambina Yangga Yilba Wiri Widi Giya Bumbarra Yetimarala Yetimarla Yuwi Yuipera Mandalgu Language codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code bzr class extiw title iso639 3 bzr bzr a Biri a href https iso639 3 sil org code gnl class extiw title iso639 3 gnl gnl a Gangulu a href https iso639 3 sil org code xgi class extiw title iso639 3 xgi xgi a GaringbalGlottologeast2716AIATSIS 1 E56 Biri etc ELPBiriA grammar of Biri proper was written before the language became nearly extinct As of January 2020 update some of the dialects have been undergoing a revival for some years Contents 1 Dialects 1 1 Yuwi 1 2 Ngaro 1 3 Gabulbarra 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Peoples 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksDialects edit nbsp Map of traditional lands of Aboriginal people around Mackay Rockhampton and Gladstone in QueenslandThe following languages are regarded as confirmed dialects of Biri by the AUSTLANG database maintained by AIATSIS Only one alternative name is given for brevity most have many more All of these dialects appear to be extinct AUSTLANG shows no speakers for any of them since 1975 E38 Garaynbal Garingbal 2 E40 Gangulu Kaangooloo 3 E48 Baradha Thar ar ra burra 4 E51 Yambina Jampal 5 E52 Yangga Jangga 6 E54 Yuwi Juipera 7 E55 Yilba Yukkaburra 8 E57 Wiri Widi 9 E58 Giya Bumbarra 10 E59 Ngaro Giya 11 E63 Yetimarala Yetimarla Bayali 12 Yuwi edit E54 Yuwi Juipera Toolginburra Yuipera Juwibara Yuibera Yuwiburra Yuwibarra Yuwibara Yuwibara is treated as a dialect of Biri by Angela Terrill based on George Bridgeman and Pierre Marie Bucas list in Curr Vol 3 pp 44 51 having over 80 in common with Biri However Gavan Breen assigns it to Wiri E57 another dialect of Biri on the basis of geography and other evidence AIATSIS had not as of October 2020 update assigned a status to it 7 Yuwi had no recorded speakers between 1975 and 2016 according to AUSTLANG 7 but efforts are being made to revive the language After a group of Yuwi descendants had worked hard to revive the language by January 2020 elders were able to conduct Welcome to Country ceremonies in language It was a long process which included Elders consulting with the State Library of Queensland working on building word lists and developing a dictionary The organisation First Languages Australia a language advocacy body established in 2013 13 lends support 14 The language and people are usually referred to as Yuwibara today 15 16 with a 2020 native title determination made in this name 17 Ngaro edit E59 Ngaro s status as a separate dialect is unconfirmed with a Tindale wordlist being the only source Breen assigns it to Wiri E57 11 Gabulbarra edit Gabulbarra is name for a people of Central Queensland but little is known about their language Gavan Breen thinks that they spoke a dialect of Biri and the status of their language is recorded as potential on AUSTLANG 18 Phonology editConsonants edit Peripheral Laminal ApicalBilabial Velar Palatal Dental Alveolar RetroflexStop b ɡ ɟ d dNasal m ŋ ɲ n nLateral lRhotic r ɻSemivowel w jVowels edit Vowels are noted as a i u 19 Peoples editThe following peoples spoke the dialects of Biri mentioned above Baradha people Biria people Gangulu people Garaynbal people Giya people Gia Ngaro people Wiri people Yambina people Yangga people Yetimarala people Yilba people Yuwibara peopleReferences edit E56 Biri etc at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E38 Garaynbal at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E40 Gangulu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E48 Baradha at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E51 Yambina at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E52 Yangga at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies a b c E54 Yuwi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E55 Yilba at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E57 Wiri at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E58 Giya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies a b E59 Ngaro at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies E63 Yetimarala Yetimarla at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies First Languages Australia First Languages Australia 29 April 2020 Retrieved 16 October 2020 Maddison Melissa Wykeham Ollie 13 January 2020 How Welcome to Country helped save the Yuwi language from the brink of extinction ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 13 January 2020 Battley Daniel Kesteven Sophie 26 March 2015 Yuwibara language kept alive in Mackay ABC Tropical Queensland Retrieved 18 October 2020 Traditional Owners Reef Catchments 9 September 2020 Retrieved 18 October 2020 Native Title Determination Details QCD2020 001 Yuwibara People National Native Title Tribunal 7 October 2010 Retrieved 18 October 2020 E45 Gabulbarra at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Terrill Angela 1998 Biri Further reading editGalvin Eleanor May 2011 Selected bibliography of the Birria Biria Pirriya language and people held in the AIATSIS Library CiteSeerX 10 1 1 648 5911 Marcussen Lisa December 2014 Selected Bibliography of the Biri Birri Gubba language and peopleheld in the AIATSIS Library PDF AIATSIS Library Archived from the original PDF on 12 April 2020 External links editReawakening Mackay Community Language Journey Digital Story State Library of Queensland nbsp This Australian Aboriginal languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Biri language amp oldid 1171860013, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
