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Battle Angel Alita

October 20, 2023

"Battle Angel" redirects here. For the 1993 original video animation, see Battle Angel (OVA). For the 2019 live-action film, see Alita: Battle Angel.

Gunnm (Japanese: 銃夢, romanized: Ganmu,[a] lit. 'gun dream'), also known as Battle Angel Alita in English, is a Japanese cyberpunk manga series created by Yukito Kishiro and originally published in Shueisha's Business Jump magazine from 1990 to 1995. The second of the comic's nine volumes was adapted in 1993 into a two-part anime original video animation titled Battle Angel for North American release by ADV Films and the UK and Australian release by Manga Entertainment. Manga Entertainment also dubbed Battle Angel Alita into English. A live-action film adaptation titled Alita: Battle Angel was released on February 14, 2019.

Battle Angel Alita
First volume cover
銃夢
(Ganmu)
Genre
Manga
Written byYukito Kishiro
Published byShueisha
English publisher
MagazineBusiness Jump
DemographicSeinen
Original run1990 – 1995
Volumes9 (List of volumes)
Original video animation
Spin-offs and sequels
Video game
Live-action film
 Anime and manga portal

The series is set in the post-apocalyptic future and focuses on Alita ("Gally" in the original Japanese version, and several other countries), a female cyborg who has lost all memories and is found in a junkyard by a cybernetics doctor who rebuilds and takes care of her. She discovers that there is one thing she remembers, the legendary cyborg martial art Panzer Kunst, which leads to her becoming a Hunter Warrior, or bounty hunter. The story traces Alita's attempts to rediscover her past and the characters whose lives she impacts on her journey. The manga series is continued in Battle Angel Alita: Last Order and Battle Angel Alita: Mars Chronicle.

Plot Edit

Battle Angel Alita tells the story of Alita, an amnesiac female cyborg. Her intact head and chest, in suspended animation, are found by cybermedic expert Daisuke Ido in the local garbage dump. Ido manages to revive her, and finding she has lost her memory, names her Alita after his recently deceased cat. The rebuilt Alita soon discovers that she instinctively remembers the legendary martial art Panzer Kunst, although she does not recall anything else. Alita uses her Panzer Kunst to first become a bounty hunter, killing cyborg criminals in the Scrapyard, and then as a star player in the brutal gladiator sport of Motorball. While in combat, Alita awakens memories of her earlier life on Mars. She becomes involved with the floating city of Zalem (Tiphares in some older translations) as one of their agents, and is sent to hunt down criminals. Foremost is the mad genius Desty Nova, who has a complex, ever-changing relationship with Alita.[5]

The futuristic dystopian world of Battle Angel Alita revolves around the city of Scrapyard (Kuzutetsu in the Japanese and various other versions), which has grown up around a massive scrap heap that rains down from Zalem. Ground dwellers have no access to Zalem and are forced to make a living in the sprawl below. Many are heavily modified by cybernetics to better cope with their hard life.

Zalem exploits the Scrapyard and surrounding farms, paying bounty hunters (called Hunter-Warriors) to hunt criminals and arranging violent sports to keep the population entertained. Massive tubes connect the Scrapyard to Zalem, and the city uses robots for carrying out errands and providing security on the ground. Occasionally, Zalemites (such as Daisuke Ido and Desty Nova) are exiled and sent to the ground. Aside from the robots and exiles, there is little contact between the two cities.

The story takes place in the former United States. According to a map, printed in the eighth volume, Scrapyard/Zalem is near Kansas City, Missouri, and the Necropolis is Colorado Springs, Colorado. Radio KAOS is at Dallas, Texas. Figure's coastal hometown is Alhambra, California. Desty Nova's Granite Inn is built out of a military base—NORAD at Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Colorado.[6]

Battle Angel Alita is eventually revealed to take place in the 26th century. The sequel Battle Angel Alita: Last Order introduces a calendar era called "Era Sputnik" which has an epoch of AD 1957. The original Battle Angel Alita series begins in ES 577 (AD 2533) and ends in ES 590 (AD 2546), Battle Angel Alita: Last Order is mostly set roughly in ES 591 (AD 2547), and Battle Angel Alita: Mars Chronicle currently alternates between ES 373–374 (AD 2329–2330) and ES 594 (AD 2550).

Characters Edit

Main article: List of Battle Angel Alita characters

Battle Angel Alita features a diverse cast of characters, many of whom shift in and out of focus as the story progresses. Some are never to be seen again following the conclusion of a story arc, while others make recurring appearances. The one character who remains a constant throughout is Alita, the protagonist and title character, a young cyborg with amnesia struggling to uncover her forgotten past through the only thing she remembers from it: by fighting. Early on in the story, Daisuke Ido, a bounty-hunting cybernetic doctor who finds and revives Alita, plays a major role as well, but midway the focus begins to increasingly shift to Desty Nova, an eccentric nanotechnology scientist who has fled from Zalem. Desty Nova is the mastermind behind many of the enemies and trials that Alita faces, but does not make an actual appearance until more than two years into the story, although he is alluded to early on. Finally, Kaos, Desty Nova's son, a frail and troubled radio DJ with psychometric powers, also begins to play a crucial role after he comes in contact with Alita. He broadcasts his popular radio show from the wastelands outside the Scrapyard, staying away from the increasing conflict between Zalem and the rebel army Barjack.

Production Edit

Alita was originally a female cyborg police officer named Gally in an unpublished comic called Rainmaker.[7] Publishers at Shueisha liked her and asked Kishiro to make a new story with her as the main character. After he had come up with the plot for a storyline he was commissioned to make it a long-running series.[8]

Besides renaming Gally to Alita, older North American versions of the manga also changed the city of Zalem (meaning oppressor in Arabic and Persian) to Tiphares, after Tiferet. Since Kishiro also used the name Jeru for the facility atop Zalem, Jeru was renamed Ketheres in the translation, after Keter. More recent versions reverted the cities' names back to Zalem and Jeru. To further develop the Biblical theme in the original series, Zalem's main computer was named Melchizedek, "the king of Salem" and "priest to the Most High God".[9]

Media Edit

Manga Edit

Main article: List of Battle Angel Alita chapters

The manga was first published in Shueisha's Business Jump magazine. It was then serialized from 1990 to 1995 in nine tankōbon. Yukito Kishiro moved from Shueisha to Kodansha in August 2010. The company acquired the license rights to Battle Angel Alita.[10][11] A 6-volume special edition titled Gunnm: Complete Edition was released in Japan on December 23, 1998. The series was released in B5 format and contains the original story. Also included are rough sketches, a timeline and the first three Battle Angel Alita: Holy Night & Other Stories short stories. From October 5 to November 16, 2016, Kodansha republished Gunnm in B5 format.[12] It was later reprinted in A5 format starting on November 21, 2018.[13]

A spin-off series titled Ashen Victor (灰者, Haisha) was published in Ultra Jump from September 1995 to July 1996 issues. It was released in a single volume on June 24, 1998.

A spin-off series titled Battle Angel Alita: Holy Night & Other Stories (銃夢外伝, Ganmu Gaiden) was published in Ultra Jump from January 24, 1997 to December 19, 2006. It was released in a single volume on December 19, 2007. It is composed of four short side stories: Holy Night, Sonic Finger, Hometown and Barjack Rhapsody.

In North America, Viz Media originally released the story in a 25-page comic book, after which it followed the same volume format as its Japanese counterpart. Viz also released the Ashen Victor spin-off series. Along with the rest of the series, Kishiro's original Battle Angel Alita manga has been licensed for North American publication through Kodansha USA,[14] who republished it the five-volume omnibus format in 2017 and 2018, with the last volume including Ashen Victor.[15] Holy Night & Other Stories has also been licensed by Kodansha USA, who published it digitally on October 30, 2018 and as hardcover on November 20, 2018.[16] Battle Angel Alita has also been licensed for international release in a number of languages and regions. It was published in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini,[17] in Brazil by Editora JBC,[18] in France and Netherlands by Glenat,[19][20] in Poland by JPF,[21] in Germany by Carlsen,[22] in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing,[23] in Argentina by Editorial Ivrea[24] and in Russia by Xl Media.[25]

OVA Edit

Main article: Battle Angel (OVA)

A two-episode OVA was released in 1993, incorporating elements from the second volume of the manga with changes to the characters and storyline. According to Kishiro, only two episodes were originally planned. At the time, he was too busy with the manga "to review the plan coolly" and was not serious about an anime adaptation. It remains the only anime adaptation of Battle Angel Alita to date and there are no plans to revive it.[26]

 
Alita as depicted in the 1998 CG movie clip

A 3-minute 3D-CGI rendered movie clip is included in volume 6 of the Japanese Gunnm: Complete Edition (1998). It showcases Alita in a Third League Motorball race with players from two of her races such as "Armor" Togo, Degchalev, and Valdicci, and depicts events from both of those races.

Film Edit

Main article: Alita: Battle Angel

20th Century Fox and Director James Cameron acquired the film rights to Battle Angel.[27] It was originally brought to Cameron's attention by filmmaker Guillermo del Toro.[28] Cameron is said to be a big fan of the manga, and he was waiting until CGI technology was sufficiently advanced to make a live-action 3D film with effects comparable to Avatar.[29] The film would be a live-action adaptation of the first four volumes of the manga series; "What I’m going to do is take the spine story and use elements from the first four books. So, the Motorball from books three and four, and parts of the story of one and two will all be in the movie."[30]

Alita was originally scheduled to be his next production after the TV series Dark Angel,[31] which was influenced by Battle Angel Alita.[32] After Avatar, he stated he would work on Avatar sequels before starting Alita.[33]

Cameron's producer Jon Landau said, "I am sure you will get to see Battle Angel. It is one of my favourite stories, a great story about a young woman's journey to self-discovery. It is a film that asks the question: What does it mean to be human? Are you human if you have a heart, a brain or a soul? I look forward to giving the audience the film."[34] Landau half-jokingly stated that the project may be titled Alita: The Battle Angel, because of Cameron's tradition in naming his films with either an "A" or a "T".[33]

In October 2015, it was reported that Robert Rodriguez would direct the film with Cameron and Landau producing.[35] On April 26, 2016, both The Hollywood Reporter and Variety reported that Maika Monroe, Rosa Salazar, Zendaya and Bella Thorne were in the running for the lead role.[36][37] Near the end of May 2016, Salazar was cast as Alita,[38] and on February 7, 2017, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Jennifer Connelly would be joining the cast as one of the villains.[39]

On December 8, 2017, the first trailer for Battle Angel was released to the public,[40] and the film, titled Alita: Battle Angel and directed by Robert Rodriguez, came out in 2019.

Novels Edit

A novelization of the manga by Yasuhisa Kawamura was released on April 4, 1997 by Shueisha's JUMP j-BOOKS label.

In November 2018, Titan Books published Alita: Battle Angel—Iron City, a prequel novel for the film. The novel was written by Pat Cadigan, a notable science fiction author.[41]

Video game Edit

Main article: Gunnm: Martian Memory

Gunnm: Martian Memory is an action RPG video game for the PlayStation by Banpresto. It is an adaptation of the manga, following Alita (Gally) from her discovery in the Zalem dump heap by Daisuke Ido up through and beyond her career as a TUNED agent. The story includes additional elements that Kishiro had conceived when he ended the original manga in 1995, but was unable to implement at the time, which involved Alita going into outer space. He then expanded the story, which formed the basis for the manga Battle Angel Alita: Last Order.[42]

Related works Edit

  • Ashen Victor, a story set six years before the beginning of Battle Angel Alita. It primarily tells the story of a Motorball player and it sets the evolution of the game into what it becomes in the Battle Angel Alita series.
  • Last Order, a continuation of Battle Angel Alita, published monthly in Ultra Jump and later in Evening.
  • Mars Chronicle, a continuation of Last Order, published in Evening.[43]

Reception Edit

During Gunnm's initial run in Business Jump manga magazine between 1990 and 1995,[14] the magazine's circulation reached a record 760,000 monthly sales, the highest in its history.[44] Between 1990 and 1995, Business Jump magazine had a total circulation of over 50 million copies, with a total estimated revenue of approximately ¥10.74 billion ($135 million).[b]

Reviews and criticism Edit

The fantasy world created by Yukito Kishiro has received positive reviews from many websites. 'MangaLife.com reviewer Adam Volk calls the Gunnm universe "complex and stunningly compelling". He writes that after reading the first volume, it becomes clear why the author of the manga is known as a master of the genre. The work combines a large amount of action with believable and independent characters, which the reviewer said is rare in films, comics and TV shows. In the end, the reviewer called the original manga a classic example of a beautiful story about life.[45]

Patrick King, a reviewer for the online anime and manga magazine , Animefringe , praises the "magnificence of Kishiro's creation" and "a living, breathing, frightening, incredibly plausible, perhaps even prophetic look at the future of mankind." He considered that the main themes that Kishiro touches on in his work are human nature and sincerity. King also noted that, unlike Kishiro's other work, Aqua Knight , the style of the original work is more realistic. The violence present in the manga, according to the reviewer, makes the work unsuitable for children, but helps the reader understand what exactly the main character is fighting. [46]

Raphael See of THEM Anime Reviews, opined that Battle Angel is "probably the best cyborg anime" he has seen. And although it does not stand out with something special, due to its high quality it leaves an overall positive viewing experience. He's writing: "A nice feature of this work is the display of cybernetics and technology in the context of the surrounding world, without focusing on the plot itself." The only downside, according to critics, is the brevity of the series, giving the impression that the anime is part of something bigger.[47]

Anime News Network critic, Theron Martin praises the author's meticulous background work and emphasizes that Kishiro has not lost his artistic skills over time. [48] The reviewer also noted that "the reader will always be able to understand what is happening, even in moments of stunning action".[49] JapanVisitor.com notes the influence on Kishiro of writers such as Philip Dick (" Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? " ) and Isaac Asimov (" I, Robot ") [50]

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ The kanji 銃 will normally be read as "ju", but here its read by the english meaning for the kanji, gun.
  2. ^ See Business Jump § Circulation.

References Edit

  1. ^ "Battle Angel Alita: Deluxe Edition - The Fall 2017 Manga Guide". Anime News Network. November 9, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  2. ^ Volk, Adam. . Manga Life. Archived from the original on February 19, 2006. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  3. ^ "Announcing an All New Translation of the Iconic Battle Angel Alita Manga from Kodansha Comics and ComiXology Originals". Anime News Network. May 25, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  4. ^ Battle Angel Alita. Kodansha Comics. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  5. ^ Tieryas, Peter (18 February 2019). "The Battle Angel Alita Manga Is An Essential Read". Kotaku. from the original on 2019-02-18. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  6. ^ "The KUDOS! List – Culture References Within Battle Angel Alita". Nick15.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  7. ^ "ゆきとクロニクル 絵コンテ「RAINMAKER」(2)〜1989年". Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  8. ^ . 12 February 2019. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  9. ^ Genesis 14:18; Melchizedek was renamed "David" in the first North American release of Battle Angel Alita. Subsequent releases retain the original name.
  10. ^ Loo, Egan (August 18, 2010). "Battle Angel Alita/Gunnm: LO Manga's Return Planned". Anime News Network. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  11. ^ Loo, Egan (February 8, 2011). "Battle Angel Alita/Gunnm: LO Manga to Resume in March". Anime News Network. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  12. ^ "銃夢 錆びた天使". Kodansha. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  13. ^ "新装版銃夢（１）錆びた天使". Kodansha. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  14. ^ a b "Kodansha Comics to Publish Battle Angel Alita, Full-Color Attack on Titan: No Regrets Manga". Anime News Network. April 21, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
  15. ^ Kishiro, Yukito (16 October 2018). Battle Angel Alita Deluxe 5 (Contains Vol. 9 & Ashen Victor). National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1632366023.
  16. ^ "Battle Angel Alita: Holy Night and Other Stories". Penguin Random House. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  17. ^ (in Spanish). Planeta DeAgostini. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  18. ^ "Battle Angel Alita" (in Portuguese). JB Communication do Brasil. from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  19. ^ (in French). Groupe Glénat. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  20. ^ (in Dutch). Groupe Glénat. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  21. ^ Abigail (29 September 2006). "Battle Angel Alita". Tanuki.pl (in Polish). Małgorzata Kaczarowska. 496. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  22. ^ (in German). CARLSEN Verlag. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  23. ^ (in Chinese). Tong Li Publishing. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  24. ^ (in Spanish). Ivreality. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  25. ^ "GUNNM". xlm.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  26. ^ "MNS Exclusive Interview: Battle Angel (GUNNM) Creator Yukito Kishiro". Anime News Service. from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  27. ^ Lindsay Robertson. . Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2010-01-18.
  28. ^ Carroll, Larry (February 18, 2010). "'Avatar' Producer Says 'Battle Angel Alita' Has A New Name, Will Follow 'Avatar 2'". MTV News. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  29. ^ Marshall, Rick (2009-12-14). . MTV. Archived from the original on 2013-12-21. Retrieved 2013-03-11.
  30. ^ . Collider.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
  31. ^ . Crunchyroll. December 8, 2017. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  32. ^ "James Cameron Hasn't Forgotten About 'Battle Angel'". Screen Rant. August 20, 2010.
  33. ^ a b "Alita: Battle Angel after Avatar 2". ICv2. 2010-02-19. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  34. ^ "Cameron Reveals More On Avatar 4 - Movie News - Empire". empireonline.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  35. ^ Kroll, Justin (October 14, 2015). "James Cameron Producing 'Alite: Battle Angel' with Robert Rodriguez Directing". Variety.
  36. ^ Kit, Borys (April 26, 2016). "Zendaya Among Finalists for James Cameron's 'Battle Angel' Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter.
  37. ^ Kroll, Justin (26 April 2016). "Also hearing Bella Thorne as a finalist for BATTLE ANGEL".
  38. ^ Foutch, Haleigh (May 26, 2016). "Exclusive: Rosa Salazar to Lead 'Battle Angel Alita'". Collider.
  39. ^ Kit, Borys; Porreca, Brian (February 7, 2017). "Zendaya Among Finalists for James Cameron's 'Battle Angel' Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  40. ^ "Fox pushes back The Predator & Alita: Battle Angel release dates". Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  41. ^ Cadigan, Pat (20 November 2018). Alita: Battle Angel - Iron City. Titan Books (US, CA). ISBN 9781785658365.
  42. ^ . Jajatom.moo.jp (English version of Yukito Kishiro's official website). Archived from the original on 2003-07-16. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  43. ^ . evening.moae.jp (in Japanese). October 28, 2014. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  44. ^ . Yahoo! Japan. Archived from the original on March 6, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
  45. ^ Volk, Adam. . MangaLife. Archived from the original on October 22, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  46. ^ King, Patrick. . Animefringe. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2003.
  47. ^ See, Raphael. "Battle Angel". THEM Amine Reviews. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  48. ^ Martin, Theron (September 19, 2007). "Battle Angel Alita: Last Order GN 9". Amine News Network.
  49. ^ Martin, Theron (December 19, 2005). "Battle Angel Alita: Last Order G.novel 6". Anime News Network.
  50. ^ . 2011-08-18. Archived from the original on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2023-01-20.

Bibliography Edit

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle Angel Alita.
  • Official website
  • Official website at Kodansha (in Japanese)
  • Battle Angel Alita (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia

October 20, 2023
battle, angel, alita, battle, angel, redirects, here, 1993, original, video, animation, battle, angel, 2019, live, action, film, alita, battle, angel, gunnm, japanese, 銃夢, romanized, ganmu, dream, also, known, english, japanese, cyberpunk, manga, series, creat. Battle Angel redirects here For the 1993 original video animation see Battle Angel OVA For the 2019 live action film see Alita Battle Angel Gunnm Japanese 銃夢 romanized Ganmu a lit gun dream also known as Battle Angel Alita in English is a Japanese cyberpunk manga series created by Yukito Kishiro and originally published in Shueisha s Business Jump magazine from 1990 to 1995 The second of the comic s nine volumes was adapted in 1993 into a two part anime original video animation titled Battle Angel for North American release by ADV Films and the UK and Australian release by Manga Entertainment Manga Entertainment also dubbed Battle Angel Alita into English A live action film adaptation titled Alita Battle Angel was released on February 14 2019 Battle Angel AlitaFirst volume cover銃夢 Ganmu GenreAction 1 2 Cyberpunk 3 Post apocalyptic 4 MangaWritten byYukito KishiroPublished byShueishaEnglish publisherNA Viz Media former Kodansha USA current MagazineBusiness JumpDemographicSeinenOriginal run1990 1995Volumes9 List of volumes Original video animationBattle AngelSpin offs and sequelsAshen Victor Battle Angel Alita Holy Night amp Other Stories Battle Angel Alita Last Order Battle Angel Alita Mars ChronicleVideo gameGunnm Martian MemoryLive action filmAlita Battle Angel Anime and manga portalThe series is set in the post apocalyptic future and focuses on Alita Gally in the original Japanese version and several other countries a female cyborg who has lost all memories and is found in a junkyard by a cybernetics doctor who rebuilds and takes care of her She discovers that there is one thing she remembers the legendary cyborg martial art Panzer Kunst which leads to her becoming a Hunter Warrior or bounty hunter The story traces Alita s attempts to rediscover her past and the characters whose lives she impacts on her journey The manga series is continued in Battle Angel Alita Last Order and Battle Angel Alita Mars Chronicle Contents 1 Plot 2 Characters 3 Production 4 Media 4 1 Manga 4 2 OVA 4 3 Film 4 4 Novels 4 5 Video game 4 6 Related works 5 Reception 5 1 Reviews and criticism 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External linksPlot EditBattle Angel Alita tells the story of Alita an amnesiac female cyborg Her intact head and chest in suspended animation are found by cybermedic expert Daisuke Ido in the local garbage dump Ido manages to revive her and finding she has lost her memory names her Alita after his recently deceased cat The rebuilt Alita soon discovers that she instinctively remembers the legendary martial art Panzer Kunst although she does not recall anything else Alita uses her Panzer Kunst to first become a bounty hunter killing cyborg criminals in the Scrapyard and then as a star player in the brutal gladiator sport of Motorball While in combat Alita awakens memories of her earlier life on Mars She becomes involved with the floating city of Zalem Tiphares in some older translations as one of their agents and is sent to hunt down criminals Foremost is the mad genius Desty Nova who has a complex ever changing relationship with Alita 5 The futuristic dystopian world of Battle Angel Alita revolves around the city of Scrapyard Kuzutetsu in the Japanese and various other versions which has grown up around a massive scrap heap that rains down from Zalem Ground dwellers have no access to Zalem and are forced to make a living in the sprawl below Many are heavily modified by cybernetics to better cope with their hard life Zalem exploits the Scrapyard and surrounding farms paying bounty hunters called Hunter Warriors to hunt criminals and arranging violent sports to keep the population entertained Massive tubes connect the Scrapyard to Zalem and the city uses robots for carrying out errands and providing security on the ground Occasionally Zalemites such as Daisuke Ido and Desty Nova are exiled and sent to the ground Aside from the robots and exiles there is little contact between the two cities The story takes place in the former United States According to a map printed in the eighth volume Scrapyard Zalem is near Kansas City Missouri and the Necropolis is Colorado Springs Colorado Radio KAOS is at Dallas Texas Figure s coastal hometown is Alhambra California Desty Nova s Granite Inn is built out of a military base NORAD at Cheyenne Mountain Complex Colorado 6 Battle Angel Alita is eventually revealed to take place in the 26th century The sequel Battle Angel Alita Last Order introduces a calendar era called Era Sputnik which has an epoch of AD 1957 The original Battle Angel Alita series begins in ES 577 AD 2533 and ends in ES 590 AD 2546 Battle Angel Alita Last Order is mostly set roughly in ES 591 AD 2547 and Battle Angel Alita Mars Chronicle currently alternates between ES 373 374 AD 2329 2330 and ES 594 AD 2550 Characters EditMain article List of Battle Angel Alita characters Battle Angel Alita features a diverse cast of characters many of whom shift in and out of focus as the story progresses Some are never to be seen again following the conclusion of a story arc while others make recurring appearances The one character who remains a constant throughout is Alita the protagonist and title character a young cyborg with amnesia struggling to uncover her forgotten past through the only thing she remembers from it by fighting Early on in the story Daisuke Ido a bounty hunting cybernetic doctor who finds and revives Alita plays a major role as well but midway the focus begins to increasingly shift to Desty Nova an eccentric nanotechnology scientist who has fled from Zalem Desty Nova is the mastermind behind many of the enemies and trials that Alita faces but does not make an actual appearance until more than two years into the story although he is alluded to early on Finally Kaos Desty Nova s son a frail and troubled radio DJ with psychometric powers also begins to play a crucial role after he comes in contact with Alita He broadcasts his popular radio show from the wastelands outside the Scrapyard staying away from the increasing conflict between Zalem and the rebel army Barjack Production EditAlita was originally a female cyborg police officer named Gally in an unpublished comic called Rainmaker 7 Publishers at Shueisha liked her and asked Kishiro to make a new story with her as the main character After he had come up with the plot for a storyline he was commissioned to make it a long running series 8 Besides renaming Gally to Alita older North American versions of the manga also changed the city of Zalem meaning oppressor in Arabic and Persian to Tiphares after Tiferet Since Kishiro also used the name Jeru for the facility atop Zalem Jeru was renamed Ketheres in the translation after Keter More recent versions reverted the cities names back to Zalem and Jeru To further develop the Biblical theme in the original series Zalem s main computer was named Melchizedek the king of Salem and priest to the Most High God 9 Media EditManga Edit Main article List of Battle Angel Alita chapters The manga was first published in Shueisha s Business Jump magazine It was then serialized from 1990 to 1995 in nine tankōbon Yukito Kishiro moved from Shueisha to Kodansha in August 2010 The company acquired the license rights to Battle Angel Alita 10 11 A 6 volume special edition titled Gunnm Complete Edition was released in Japan on December 23 1998 The series was released in B5 format and contains the original story Also included are rough sketches a timeline and the first three Battle Angel Alita Holy Night amp Other Stories short stories From October 5 to November 16 2016 Kodansha republished Gunnm in B5 format 12 It was later reprinted in A5 format starting on November 21 2018 13 A spin off series titled Ashen Victor 灰者 Haisha was published in Ultra Jump from September 1995 to July 1996 issues It was released in a single volume on June 24 1998 A spin off series titled Battle Angel Alita Holy Night amp Other Stories 銃夢外伝 Ganmu Gaiden was published in Ultra Jump from January 24 1997 to December 19 2006 It was released in a single volume on December 19 2007 It is composed of four short side stories Holy Night Sonic Finger Hometown and Barjack Rhapsody In North America Viz Media originally released the story in a 25 page comic book after which it followed the same volume format as its Japanese counterpart Viz also released the Ashen Victor spin off series Along with the rest of the series Kishiro s original Battle Angel Alita manga has been licensed for North American publication through Kodansha USA 14 who republished it the five volume omnibus format in 2017 and 2018 with the last volume including Ashen Victor 15 Holy Night amp Other Stories has also been licensed by Kodansha USA who published it digitally on October 30 2018 and as hardcover on November 20 2018 16 Battle Angel Alita has also been licensed for international release in a number of languages and regions It was published in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini 17 in Brazil by Editora JBC 18 in France and Netherlands by Glenat 19 20 in Poland by JPF 21 in Germany by Carlsen 22 in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing 23 in Argentina by Editorial Ivrea 24 and in Russia by Xl Media 25 OVA Edit Main article Battle Angel OVA A two episode OVA was released in 1993 incorporating elements from the second volume of the manga with changes to the characters and storyline According to Kishiro only two episodes were originally planned At the time he was too busy with the manga to review the plan coolly and was not serious about an anime adaptation It remains the only anime adaptation of Battle Angel Alita to date and there are no plans to revive it 26 nbsp Alita as depicted in the 1998 CG movie clipA 3 minute 3D CGI rendered movie clip is included in volume 6 of the Japanese Gunnm Complete Edition 1998 It showcases Alita in a Third League Motorball race with players from two of her races such as Armor Togo Degchalev and Valdicci and depicts events from both of those races Film Edit Main article Alita Battle Angel 20th Century Fox and Director James Cameron acquired the film rights to Battle Angel 27 It was originally brought to Cameron s attention by filmmaker Guillermo del Toro 28 Cameron is said to be a big fan of the manga and he was waiting until CGI technology was sufficiently advanced to make a live action 3D film with effects comparable to Avatar 29 The film would be a live action adaptation of the first four volumes of the manga series What I m going to do is take the spine story and use elements from the first four books So the Motorball from books three and four and parts of the story of one and two will all be in the movie 30 Alita was originally scheduled to be his next production after the TV series Dark Angel 31 which was influenced by Battle Angel Alita 32 After Avatar he stated he would work on Avatar sequels before starting Alita 33 Cameron s producer Jon Landau said I am sure you will get to see Battle Angel It is one of my favourite stories a great story about a young woman s journey to self discovery It is a film that asks the question What does it mean to be human Are you human if you have a heart a brain or a soul I look forward to giving the audience the film 34 Landau half jokingly stated that the project may be titled Alita The Battle Angel because of Cameron s tradition in naming his films with either an A or a T 33 In October 2015 it was reported that Robert Rodriguez would direct the film with Cameron and Landau producing 35 On April 26 2016 both The Hollywood Reporter and Variety reported that Maika Monroe Rosa Salazar Zendaya and Bella Thorne were in the running for the lead role 36 37 Near the end of May 2016 Salazar was cast as Alita 38 and on February 7 2017 The Hollywood Reporter reported that Jennifer Connelly would be joining the cast as one of the villains 39 On December 8 2017 the first trailer for Battle Angel was released to the public 40 and the film titled Alita Battle Angel and directed by Robert Rodriguez came out in 2019 Novels Edit A novelization of the manga by Yasuhisa Kawamura was released on April 4 1997 by Shueisha s JUMP j BOOKS label In November 2018 Titan Books published Alita Battle Angel Iron City a prequel novel for the film The novel was written by Pat Cadigan a notable science fiction author 41 Video game Edit Main article Gunnm Martian Memory Gunnm Martian Memory is an action RPG video game for the PlayStation by Banpresto It is an adaptation of the manga following Alita Gally from her discovery in the Zalem dump heap by Daisuke Ido up through and beyond her career as a TUNED agent The story includes additional elements that Kishiro had conceived when he ended the original manga in 1995 but was unable to implement at the time which involved Alita going into outer space He then expanded the story which formed the basis for the manga Battle Angel Alita Last Order 42 Related works Edit Ashen Victor a story set six years before the beginning of Battle Angel Alita It primarily tells the story of a Motorball player and it sets the evolution of the game into what it becomes in the Battle Angel Alita series Last Order a continuation of Battle Angel Alita published monthly in Ultra Jump and later in Evening Mars Chronicle a continuation of Last Order published in Evening 43 Reception EditDuring Gunnm s initial run in Business Jump manga magazine between 1990 and 1995 14 the magazine s circulation reached a record 760 000 monthly sales the highest in its history 44 Between 1990 and 1995 Business Jump magazine had a total circulation of over 50 million copies with a total estimated revenue of approximately 10 74 billion 135 million b Reviews and criticism Edit The fantasy world created by Yukito Kishiro has received positive reviews from many websites MangaLife com reviewer Adam Volk calls the Gunnm universe complex and stunningly compelling He writes that after reading the first volume it becomes clear why the author of the manga is known as a master of the genre The work combines a large amount of action with believable and independent characters which the reviewer said is rare in films comics and TV shows In the end the reviewer called the original manga a classic example of a beautiful story about life 45 Patrick King a reviewer for the online anime and manga magazine Animefringe praises the magnificence of Kishiro s creation and a living breathing frightening incredibly plausible perhaps even prophetic look at the future of mankind He considered that the main themes that Kishiro touches on in his work are human nature and sincerity King also noted that unlike Kishiro s other work Aqua Knight the style of the original work is more realistic The violence present in the manga according to the reviewer makes the work unsuitable for children but helps the reader understand what exactly the main character is fighting 46 Raphael See of THEM Anime Reviews opined that Battle Angel is probably the best cyborg anime he has seen And although it does not stand out with something special due to its high quality it leaves an overall positive viewing experience He s writing A nice feature of this work is the display of cybernetics and technology in the context of the surrounding world without focusing on the plot itself The only downside according to critics is the brevity of the series giving the impression that the anime is part of something bigger 47 Anime News Network critic Theron Martin praises the author s meticulous background work and emphasizes that Kishiro has not lost his artistic skills over time 48 The reviewer also noted that the reader will always be able to understand what is happening even in moments of stunning action 49 JapanVisitor com notes the influence on Kishiro of writers such as Philip Dick Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep and Isaac Asimov I Robot 50 See also EditAelita also known as Aelita or The Decline of Mars Armitage III GenocyberNotes Edit The kanji 銃 will normally be read as ju but here its read by the english meaning for the kanji gun See Business Jump Circulation References Edit Battle Angel Alita Deluxe Edition The Fall 2017 Manga Guide Anime News Network November 9 2017 Retrieved June 4 2019 Volk Adam Battle Angel Alita v1 Rusty Angel Manga Life Archived from the original on February 19 2006 Retrieved January 17 2021 Announcing an All New Translation of the Iconic Battle Angel Alita Manga from Kodansha Comics and ComiXology Originals Anime News Network May 25 2017 Retrieved May 29 2018 Battle Angel Alita Kodansha Comics Retrieved May 29 2018 Tieryas Peter 18 February 2019 The Battle Angel Alita Manga Is An Essential Read Kotaku Archived from the original on 2019 02 18 Retrieved 2021 02 03 The KUDOS List Culture References Within Battle Angel Alita Nick15 com Retrieved 2012 09 20 ゆきとクロニクル 絵コンテ RAINMAKER 2 1989年 Retrieved 28 August 2021 Who is Alita The Manga Origins Of A Cyberpunk Icon 12 February 2019 Archived from the original on 22 February 2019 Retrieved 22 February 2019 Genesis 14 18 Melchizedek was renamed David in the first North American release of Battle Angel Alita Subsequent releases retain the original name Loo Egan August 18 2010 Battle Angel Alita Gunnm LO Manga s Return Planned Anime News Network Retrieved June 4 2019 Loo Egan February 8 2011 Battle Angel Alita Gunnm LO Manga to Resume in March Anime News Network Retrieved June 4 2019 銃夢 錆びた天使 Kodansha Retrieved 2019 03 13 新装版銃夢 １ 錆びた天使 Kodansha Retrieved 2019 03 13 a b Kodansha Comics to Publish Battle Angel Alita Full Color Attack on Titan No Regrets Manga Anime News Network April 21 2017 Retrieved August 4 2018 Kishiro Yukito 16 October 2018 Battle Angel Alita Deluxe 5 Contains Vol 9 amp Ashen Victor National Geographic Books ISBN 978 1632366023 Battle Angel Alita Holy Night and Other Stories Penguin Random House Retrieved November 13 2018 Gunnm Alita angel de combate in Spanish Planeta DeAgostini Archived from the original on 1 October 2011 Retrieved 15 April 2021 Battle Angel Alita in Portuguese JB Communication do Brasil Archived from the original on 26 July 2011 Retrieved 13 August 2011 Gunnm 01 in French Groupe Glenat Archived from the original on 10 September 2010 Retrieved 13 August 2011 Battle Angel Alita in Dutch Groupe Glenat Archived from the original on 14 August 2011 Retrieved 13 August 2011 Abigail 29 September 2006 Battle Angel Alita Tanuki pl in Polish Malgorzata Kaczarowska 496 Retrieved 13 August 2011 Battle Angel Alita in German CARLSEN Verlag Archived from the original on 21 March 2012 Retrieved 15 April 2021 銃夢 in Chinese Tong Li Publishing Archived from the original on 19 January 2012 Retrieved 15 April 2021 Battle Angel Alita in Spanish Ivreality Archived from the original on 18 April 2021 Retrieved 18 August 2017 GUNNM xlm ru in Russian Retrieved 2023 05 10 MNS Exclusive Interview Battle Angel GUNNM Creator Yukito Kishiro Anime News Service Archived from the original on 17 November 2007 Retrieved 2007 12 14 Lindsay Robertson James Cameron Planning Avatar Trilogy Yahoo Archived from the original on 2010 01 18 Carroll Larry February 18 2010 Avatar Producer Says Battle Angel Alita Has A New Name Will Follow Avatar 2 MTV News Retrieved May 3 2016 Marshall Rick 2009 12 14 Avatar Director Offers Update on Battle Angel Alita Adaptation MTV Archived from the original on 2013 12 21 Retrieved 2013 03 11 BATTLE ANGEL Update from James Cameron Collider com Archived from the original on 2013 12 03 Retrieved 2011 01 31 Live Action Alita Battle Angel Finally Shows Its Hand Crunchyroll December 8 2017 Archived from the original on January 16 2020 Retrieved August 27 2018 James Cameron Hasn t Forgotten About Battle Angel Screen Rant August 20 2010 a b Alita Battle Angel after Avatar 2 ICv2 2010 02 19 Retrieved 2012 09 20 Cameron Reveals More On Avatar 4 Movie News Empire empireonline com Retrieved 13 April 2015 Kroll Justin October 14 2015 James Cameron Producing Alite Battle Angel with Robert Rodriguez Directing Variety Kit Borys April 26 2016 Zendaya Among Finalists for James Cameron s Battle Angel Movie Exclusive The Hollywood Reporter Kroll Justin 26 April 2016 Also hearing Bella Thorne as a finalist for BATTLE ANGEL Foutch Haleigh May 26 2016 Exclusive Rosa Salazar to Lead Battle Angel Alita Collider Kit Borys Porreca Brian February 7 2017 Zendaya Among Finalists for James Cameron s Battle Angel Movie Exclusive The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved February 8 2017 Fox pushes back The Predator amp Alita Battle Angel release dates Retrieved 2018 02 13 Cadigan Pat 20 November 2018 Alita Battle Angel Iron City Titan Books US CA ISBN 9781785658365 GUNNM Last Order notice by Yukito Kishiro Jajatom moo jp English version of Yukito Kishiro s official website Archived from the original on 2003 07 16 Retrieved 2007 08 15 木城ゆきと 銃夢 サーガ最終章となる 銃夢火星戦記 本日発売のイブニング22号より巻頭カラーで開幕 さらに14年ぶりとなる新作読み切りも掲載 evening moae jp in Japanese October 28 2014 Archived from the original on April 15 2022 Retrieved May 12 2015 コミック誌の部数水準 Yahoo Japan Archived from the original on March 6 2007 Retrieved March 6 2007 Volk Adam Battle Angel Alita v1 Rusty Angel MangaLife Archived from the original on October 22 2007 Retrieved January 20 2023 King Patrick Battle Angel Alita Last Order Vol 1 Angel Reborn Animefringe Archived from the original on March 10 2016 Retrieved January 20 2003 See Raphael Battle Angel THEM Amine Reviews Retrieved January 20 2023 Martin Theron September 19 2007 Battle Angel Alita Last Order GN 9 Amine News Network Martin Theron December 19 2005 Battle Angel Alita Last Order G novel 6 Anime News Network Battle Angel Alita Manga Review Japan Visitor 2011 08 18 Archived from the original on 2011 08 18 Retrieved 2023 01 20 Bibliography EditCholodenko Alan ed 2007 The Illusion of Life II More Essays on Animation Sydney Power Publications ISBN 9780909952341 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle Angel Alita Official website Official website at Kodansha in Japanese Battle Angel Alita manga at Anime News Network s encyclopedia Portals nbsp Film nbsp Science Fiction nbsp 1990s Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle Angel Alita amp oldid 1170843104, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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