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Anti-LGBT rhetoric

February 16, 2024

This article is about themes, catchphrases, and slogans used against LGBT people. For organized opposition, see LGBT rights opposition.

Anti-LGBT rhetoric comprises themes, catchphrases, and slogans that have been used in order to demean lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. They range from the demeaning and the pejorative to expressions of hostility towards homosexuality which are based on religious, medical, or moral grounds. It is a form of hate speech,[1] which is illegal in countries such as the Netherlands,[2] Norway,[3] and Sweden.[4]

Anti-LGBT rhetoric often consists of moral panic and conspiracy theories. In Eastern Europe, these conspiracy theories are based on earlier antisemitic conspiracy theories and posit that the LGBT movement is an instrument of foreign control and domination.[5][6][7]

As a foreign conspiracy edit

In 1969, the Greek junta exited the Council of Europe after being found in violation of the European Convention of Human Rights, judging that the European Commission of Human Rights was "a conspiracy of homosexuals and communists against Hellenic values".[8]

This discourse, promoted by the governments of Hungary and Poland, alleges that LGBT rights movements are controlled by foreign forces (such as the European Union) and are a threat to national independence and western civilization.[9][10][11][12] Anti-government protests in Russia and the Euromaidan have also been portrayed by the Russian government as the work of an LGBT conspiracy.[12] Furthermore, although Russia considers itself to be a European country, its government also considers its values as entirely different from those commonly seen within the European Union. More specifically, Russia used to protest against the common European Values in support of LGBT rights, however rather than complaining about these values, Russia has now chosen to openly express their own values, which are entirely against any support for LGBT rights.[13]

As an ideology edit

See also: Anti-gender movement
 
LGBT-free zone stickers distributed by the Gazeta Polska newspaper, 2019

In 2013, the conservative blog American Thinker published several articles using the phrase "LGBT ideology".[14] The Italian Catholic philosopher Roberto Marchesini [it] used the phrase in a 2015 article, equating it with the earlier concept of "gender ideology". In his article he does not define either "LGBT ideology" or "gender ideology".[14][15] In 2017, several conservative Islamic politicians in Malaysia and Indonesia attacked "LGBT ideology".[14][16]

During a sermon on 1 August 2019, Polish Archbishop Marek Jędraszewski called "LGBT ideology" a "rainbow plague" and compared it to the "Red Plague" of Communism.[17][18] Following this, the Czech cardinal Dominik Duka also commented on "LGBT ideology". However, because Czech society is secular and the Catholic Church has little influence on Czech politics, his comments had little impact.[14] In September 2019, Stanley Bill, a lecturer at Cambridge University who studies Poland, stated "Scaremongering about 'LGBT ideology' has almost become official policy in Poland with often nasty insinuations from members of the government and public media now the norm".[19]

In June 2020, Polish President Andrzej Duda drew international attention when he called LGBT an "ideology" and a form of "Neo-Bolshevism".[20][21] Agreement Party MP Jacek Żalek stated in an interview that the LGBT community "are not people" and "it's an ideology", which led to the journalist Katarzyna Kolenda-Zaleska [pl] asking him to leave the studio; the row caused controversy.[22] The next day, Duda said at a rally in Silesia: "They are trying to convince us that [LGBT] is people, but it is just an ideology."[23] He promised to "ban the propagation of LGBT ideology in public institutions", including schools, similar to the Russian gay propaganda law.[24] On the same day, PiS MP Przemysław Czarnek said on a TVP Info talk show, regarding a photo of a naked person in a gay bar, "Let's defend ourselves against LGBT ideology and stop listening to those idiocies about human rights or equality. These people are not equal to normal people."[24][25]

In July 2020, the European Union announced that it will not provide funding to six Polish towns that have declared themselves "LGBT-free zones", after nearly 100 local governments, a third of Poland's territory, declared themselves "free from LGBT ideology."[26] On 1 August 2020, the anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising, ultranationalist Robert Winnicki compared LGBT to communist and Nazi ideology. He stated, "Every plague passes at some point. The German plague passed, which was consuming Poland for six years, the red plague passed, the rainbow plague is also going to pass."[27] In August 2020, Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro announced a new program for "counteracting crimes related to the violation of freedom of conscience committed under the influence of LGBT ideology". From a government fund intended to help victims of crime, PLN 613,698 was awarded to a foundation to combat the alleged crimes of "LGBT ideology".[28][29][30] The project, among other things, explores a supposed connection between LGBT ideology and the Frankfurt School.[31] At the 16 August "Stop LGBT aggression" rally that year, Krzysztof Bosak said that even irreligious people are among opponents of "LGBT ideology" because it is "contrary to common sense and rational thinking". He also said that the LGBT community is "a lower form of social life".[32]

Criticism edit

According to Krakow Post, a Polish newspaper, "LGBT is not an ideology ... The phrase 'LGBT ideology' makes about as much sense as 'redhead ideology' or 'left-handed ideology.'" While the support of many LGBT people and their allies improved LGBT rights, they have differing political views.[20] According to Notes from Poland, "attacks on 'LGBT ideology' – which often rely on exaggerated, distorted or invented claims – result in the marginalisation and demonisation of such people."[33] Center-right presidential candidate Szymon Hołownia, who is a practicing Catholic, stated, "there is no such thing as LGBT ideology, there are [LGBT] people". He said that anti-LGBT rhetoric from politicians could lead vulnerable people to suicide.[33] In protest at the comments made by the president and Żalek, LGBT people have held pickets in various towns and cities in Poland, opposing the idea that LGBT is an ideology.[34][35][36][37] Activists also created a film, "Ludzie, nie ideologia" (People, not ideology) showcasing the families of LGBT people.[38]

An article in OKO.press compared the anti-LGBT campaign to the 1968 "anti-Zionist" campaign: during the anti-Zionist campaign, people said that they were targeting Zionism as an ideology, but ended up targeting Jews as people. Many Jews were forced out of the country in 1968, and LGBT people are emigrating from Poland in 2020.[24] According to Polish historian Adam Leszczyński, "LGBT ideology" is

a bag into which the right wing throws societal changes that do not suit it (eg. calls for equal rights for same-sex couples, which have been implemented in many countries, from the United States to South Africa). In the language of right-wing propaganda... 'LGBT ideology' serves to dehumanize minorities and create an enemy – and thus build political support for the right, which presents itself as the only defender of the traditional family, religion and social order. 'Ideology' also fits the right-wing perception of the world in terms of a conspiracy – ideology is 'promoted', someone disseminates it, someone is 'behind it' (eg. George Soros, a Jewish-American financier who supports, among others, LGBT organizations).[39]

Dehumanization edit

 
"Stay in the closet; gay=scum": graffiti in Madrid, Spain

Dehumanization is a frequent feature of anti-LGBT rhetoric, which may take the form of comparing LGBT people to animals or equating homosexual relationships with bestiality.[40][41]

Slurs edit

Further information: LGBT slang § Slurs

According to one study, "homophobic epithets foster dehumanization and avoidance of gay people, in ways that other insults or labels do not."[42] Another study found that homophobia "results in substantial health and welfare effects".[43]

Calls for violence edit

 
"Death to faggots!": Serbian graffiti in Belgrade

Anti-LGBT rhetoric also includes calls for violence against LGBT people and suggestions that they should be killed or die,[44] such as in Cyprus,[45] Iran,[46] Russia,[47] the United States,[48][49] Malawi,[50] or Uganda.[51]

In Serbia, members of Obraz chanted "Death to faggots" (Serbian: Смрт педерима) and posted posters stating "we are waiting for you" (Serbian: чекамо вас) next to an image of a baseball bat. In 2012, the organization was banned by the Constitutional Court of Serbia due to extremism.[52][53]

Anti-gay themes edit

Anti-gay activists claim that homosexuality goes against traditional family values, that homosexuality is a Trojan Horse, or that it destroys families and humankind[54] through homosexual recruitment which will lead to the extinction of humanity.[55]

Homosexuality as a cause of disasters edit

The argument that homosexuals cause natural disasters has been around for more than a thousand years, even before Justinian blamed earthquakes on "unchecked homosexual behavior" in the sixth century.[56] This trope was common in early modern Christian literature;[57] homosexuals were blamed for earthquakes, floods, famines, plagues, invasions of Saracens, and field mice. This discourse was revived by Anita Bryant in 1976 when she blamed homosexuals for droughts in California.[56] In the U.S., right-wing religious groups including the Westboro Baptist Church continue to claim that homosexuals are responsible for disasters.[58] Homosexuals have been blamed for hurricanes, including Isaac, Katrina, and Sandy.[59] In 2020, various religious figures including Israeli rabbi Meir Mazuz have argued that the COVID-19 pandemic is divine retribution for same-sex activity or pride parades.[60]

Following the September 2001 attacks, televangelist Jerry Falwell blamed "the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People for the American Way" for provoking the aggression of Islamic fundamentalists and causing God to withdraw his protection for America.[61] On the broadcast of the Christian television program The 700 Club, Falwell said, "You helped this happen". He later apologized and said, "I would never blame any human being except the terrorists".[62][63]

In 2012, Chilean politician Ignacio Urrutia claimed that allowing homosexuals to serve in the Chilean military would cause Perú and Bolivia to invade and destroy his country.[64]

AIDS as punishment edit

Further information: AIDS § Stigma, and Gay-related immune deficiency

An outgrowth of the discourse on homosexuality causing disasters argues that HIV/AIDS is divine punishment for homosexuality.[65][56][66] During the early years of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s, mainstream newspapers labeled it a "gay plague".[67][68][69] For a few years, the misleading technical name for the disease was gay-related immune deficiency.[70]

The slogan "AIDS Kills Fags Dead" (a pun on the commercial slogan for Raid insecticide "Raid Kills Bugs Dead") appeared during the early years of AIDS in the United States, when the disease was mainly diagnosed among male homosexuals and was almost invariably fatal. The slogan caught on quickly as a catchy truism, a chant, or simply something written as graffiti. It is reported that the slogan first appeared in public in the early 1990s, when Sebastian Bach, the former lead singer of the heavy metal band Skid Row, wore it on a t-shirt thrown to him by an audience member.[71] The slogan "AIDS cures fags" is used by the Westboro Baptist Church.[72][73]

Homosexuality as unnatural edit

 
Graffiti in Poznań, Poland: "Boy–girl is the normal family". This has, in turn, been graffitied to add the word "not" in Polish, and two female symbols.

Describing homosexuality as unnatural dates back to Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas. However, there is no single definition of "unnatural". Some of those who argue that homosexuality is unnatural in the sense of being absent from nature, an argument refuted by the presence of homosexuality in animals. Others mean that the genitals were created for reproduction (either by God or natural selection) and are not intended to be used for purposes they deem "unnatural". Proponents of this idea often argue that homosexuality is immoral because it is unnatural, but opponents argue that this argument makes an is–ought conflation. Some proponents of the "unnaturalness" thesis argue that homosexual behavior is the result of "recruitment" or willful sinfulness.[74]

Homosexuality as a disease edit

Nazi propaganda described homosexuality as a contagious disease[75] but not in the medical sense. Rather, homosexuality was a disease of the Volkskörper (national body), a metaphor for the desired national or racial community (Volksgemeinschaft). According to Nazi ideology, individuals' lives were to be subordinated to the Volkskörper like cells in the human body. Homosexuality was seen as a virus or cancer in the Volkskörper because it was seen as a threat to the German nation.[76] The SS newspaper Das Schwarze Korps argued that 40,000 homosexuals were capable of "poisoning" two million men if left to roam free.[77]

Some of those who called homosexuality unnatural, such as Traditional Values Coalition head and Christian right activist Louis Sheldon, said that if it were proven to be a biologically based phenomenon, it would still be diseased.[74] The psychiatric establishment in the west once medicalized same-sex desire. In the United States, homosexuality was removed in 1973 as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as it did not meet the criteria for a mental disorder.[78][79][80] The Catholic Church still officially teaches that "homosexual tendencies" are "objectively disordered".[81] In 2016, anti-LGBT rhetoric was increasing in Indonesia under the Twitter hashtag #TolakLGBT (#RejectLGBT) and claims that LGBT is a disease.[82] In 2019, Archbishop Marek Jędraszewski claimed that a "rainbow plague" is threatening Poland.[83] In 2020, the education minister defended an official who warned that "LGBT virus" was threatening Polish schools, and was more dangerous than COVID-19.[84]

Homosexuality as a choice or lifestyle edit

"Gay lifestyle" redirects here. For the culture of gay people, see LGBT culture.

Along with the idea of "homosexual recruitment", the idea of a "gay lifestyle" or "homosexual lifestyle" is used by social and religious conservatives in the United States to argue that non-heterosexual sexual orientations are consciously chosen.[85][86] However, scientists favor biological explanations for sexual orientation, arguing that people typically feel no sense of control over their sexual orientation or attractions.[87] The term "gay lifestyle" may also be used disparagingly for a series of stereotyped behaviours.[88]

Christian right activists may worry that increasing LGBT rights will make the "gay lifestyle" more attractive to young people.[89] US media in the 1970s frequently used the term "alternative lifestyle" as a euphemism for homosexuality, and the term was employed in an anti-gay context by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, as well as supporters of California's Proposition 6, which would have barred openly gay teachers in public schools.[90] In 1977, while campaigning against a local ordinance protecting gay teachers against employment discrimination, anti-gay activist Anita Bryant stated, "A homosexual is not born, they are made".[91] US president Ronald Reagan used the language of choice to portray the gay rights movement as being in opposition to American culture, saying the movement was "asking for a recognition and acceptance of an alternative lifestyle which I do not believe society can condone".[90]

Homosexuality as sinful or ungodly edit

"Adam and Steve" redirects here. For the 2005 film, see Adam & Steve.
Further information: Religion and homosexuality
 
Members of the Westboro Baptist Church picketing at the University of Kansas

Many conservative Christians consider homosexual acts to be inherently sinful based on scriptural passages such as Leviticus 18:22 ("You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination"), Leviticus 20:13 ("If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them"), and 1 Corinthians 6:9–10 ("Do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived! Fornicators, idolaters, adulterers, male prostitutes, sodomites, thieves, the greedy, drunkards, revilers, robbers—none of these will inherit the kingdom of God.")[92] The story of Sodom and Gomorrah, two biblical cities which were burned down due to the sins of its inhabitants, is sometimes portrayed as divine retribution for homosexual behavior.[93][92]

Various inflammatory and controversial slogans, including some listed in the next section, have been used by opponent congregations and individuals, particularly by Fred Phelps, founder of the Westboro Baptist Church. These slogans have included "God Hates Fags", "Fear God Not Fags", and "Matthew Shepard Burns In Hell".[94]

 
Posters in Tel Aviv prior to the city's Pride Parade: "God hates lechery"

Homosexuality is also frequently considered sinful in Islam. In some Middle Eastern countries, acts of homosexuality are punishable by death. Anti-LGBT rhetoric and political homophobia are growing in some Muslim countries.[95][96][97][98][99][excessive citations]

Other religious leaders including Christians, Muslims, and Jews have denounced anti-LGBT rhetoric.[100][101][102][103][excessive citations]

 
Counter-protester at an anti-LGBTQ demonstration in Seoul, 2017

The slogan "God made Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve" alludes to a Bible-based argument that homosexuality is sinful and unnatural.[104][105] A Christianity Today article in December 1970 reported on attitudes in San Francisco, quoting a graffiti that said, "If God had wanted homosexuals, he would have created Adam and Freddy."[106] In 1977, in Dade County, Anita Bryant made a similar comment, only her version was "Adam and Bruce".[107][108] By 1979, Jerry Falwell had used "Adam and Steve".[109] In 1977, it was used on a protest sign, as mentioned in a New York Times news service report about a November 19 rally in Houston that year.[110][111] The phrase was used in "The Gay Bar", an episode of Maude broadcast on December 3, 1977. Two years later, Jerry Falwell gave the phrase wider circulation in a Christianity Today report of a press conference he had given.[110][112] The phrase later acquired a certain notoriety, and, when used to name a pair of characters in a work of fiction, helps to identify them as members of a homosexual pair (Paul Rudnick's play The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told,[110][113] the 2005 film Adam & Steve and other works).[110] The phrase was used by the Democratic Unionist Party MP David Simpson during the 2013 British House of Commons' debate on same-sex marriage, although a slip of the tongue saying "in the Garden of Eden, it was Adam and Steve" initially caused laughter in the chamber.[114][110] Zimbabwean presidential candidate Nelson Chamisa said in an interview that "[w]e must be able to respect what God ordained and how we are created as a people, there are a male and a female, there are Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve".[115] The phrase was also reclaimed by LGBT people and used in blogs, comics, and other media mocking the anti-gay message.[110]

Homosexuality as a Western ill edit

Homosexuality is sometimes claimed to be non-existent in some non-Western countries, or to be an evil influence imported from the West.

Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad of Malaysia employed anti-gay rhetoric as part of his "Asian values" program, describing homosexuality as one of several Western ills.[116] Mohamad used it for political advantage in the 1998 scandal involving the sacking and jailing of MP and former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim by Mohamad amidst accusations of sodomy that the Sydney Morning Herald termed a "blatantly political fix-up".[117] Anwar was subsequently subjected to two trials and sentenced to nine years imprisonment for corruption and sodomy.[118]

While in New York for a meeting of the United Nations, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was invited to speak at Columbia University in New York to give a lecture. When responding to a student question afterward, he said, speaking through an interpreter: "In Iran, we don't have homosexuals like in your country."[119] In his native Farsi, he used the slang equivalent of faggot, not the neutral term for a "homosexual".[120]

Other countries and regions viewing homosexuality as a Western disease include Vietnam,[121] China,[122] Ethiopia,[123] Africa,[124] Australian Muslims,[125] and India.[126]

Conflation with pedophilia edit

Further information: LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
 
"Stop Pedofilii" van belonging to Fundacja Pro [pl], who claim that pedophilia is advocated by the "LGBT lobby"

The claim that homosexuals sexually abuse children predates the current era, as it was leveled against pederasts even during antiquity.[127] Lawmakers and social commentators have sometimes expressed a concern that normalizing homosexuality would also lead to normalizing pedophilia, if it were determined that pedophilia too were a sexual orientation.[128] A related claim is that LGBT adoption is done for the purpose of grooming children for sexual exploitation.[129] The empirical research shows that sexual orientation does not affect the likelihood that people will abuse children.[130][131][132]

Others have made hoaxes intending to falsely associate pedophilia with the LGBT community by rebranding it as a sexual orientation, including claims that the "+" in "LGBT+" refers to "pedophiles, zoophiles, [and] necrophiles",[133][134] as well as the invented terms "agefluid", "clovergender" (a hoax executed by users of the imageboard 4chan, whose logo is a stylized four-leaf clover), and "pedosexual".[135][136][137]

Starting in 2022, some conservatives, including Chaya Raichik of Libs of TikTok, started using the terms "grooming", "groomer" and "pro-pedophile" against their opponents and LGBT people over anti-LGBT legislation, such as laws restricting and banning discussion of sexual orientation and gender identity in schools. Critics say that these usages of the terms diminish the experiences of sexual assault survivors, smear the LGBT community, and are dangerous in general.[138]

"Gay agenda" edit

This section is an excerpt from Gay agenda.[edit]

"Gay agenda" or "homosexual agenda" is a term used by sectors of the Christian religious right as a disparaging way to describe the advocacy of cultural acceptance and normalization of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and relationships. The term originated among social conservatives in the United States and has been adopted in nations with active anti-LGBT movements such as Hungary and Uganda.

The term refers to efforts to change government policies and laws on LGBT rights–related issues. Additionally, it has been used by social conservatives and others to describe alleged goals of LGBT rights activists, such as recruiting heterosexuals into what conservatives term a "homosexual lifestyle".

Recruitment edit

Further information: Acquired homosexuality and Homosexual seduction

The charge of "homosexual recruitment" is an allegation by social conservatives that LGBT people engage in concerted efforts to indoctrinate children into homosexuality. In the United States, this dates back to the early post-war era.[139]: 91  Proponents were found especially among the New Right, as epitomized by Anita Bryant. In her Save Our Children campaign, she promoted a view of homosexuals recruiting youth.[139]: 115–116  A common slogan is "Homosexuals cannot reproduce — so they must recruit" or its variants.[140][141] Supporters of recruitment allegations point at "deviant"[142] and "prurient" sex education as evidence. They express concern that anti-bullying efforts teach that "homosexuality is normal, and that students shouldn't harass their classmates because they're gay", suggesting recruitment as the primary motivation.[143] Supporters of this myth cite the inability for same-sex couples to reproduce as a motivation for recruitment.[143][144][145][146]

Sociologists and psychologists describe such claims as an anti-gay myth,[147][148] and a fear-inducing bogeyman.[149] Many critics believe the term promotes the myth of homosexuals as pedophiles:[150][151]

  • In 1977, Anita Bryant successfully campaigned to repeal an ordinance in Miami-Dade County that prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Her campaign was based upon allegations of homosexual recruitment.[145] Writing about Bryant's efforts to repeal a Florida anti-discrimination law in the Journal of Social History, Michel Boucai wrote that "Bryant's organization, Save Our Children, framed the law as an endorsement of immorality and a license for 'recruitment'."[152]
  • Oregon's proposed 1992 Ballot Measure 9 contained language that would have added anti-LGBT rhetoric to the state Constitution. U.S. writer Judith Reisman justified her support for the measure, citing "a clear avenue for the recruitment of children" by gays and lesbians.[153]
  • A small newspaper in Uganda's capital attracted international attention in 2010 when it outed 100 gay people alongside a banner that said, "Hang them", and claimed that homosexuals aimed to "recruit" Ugandan children, and that schools had "been penetrated by gay activists to recruit kids."[51] According to gay rights activists, many Ugandans were attacked afterward as a result of their real or perceived sexual orientation.[154] Minorities activist David Kato, who was outed in the article and a co-plaintiff in the lawsuit against the paper, was subsequently murdered at home by an intruder[155] and an international outcry resulted.[156][157]
  • In 1998, The Onion parodied the idea of "homosexual recruitment" in an article titled "'98 Homosexual-Recruitment Drive Nearing Goal", saying "Spokespersons for the National Gay & Lesbian Recruitment Task Force announced Monday that more than 288,000 straights have been converted to homosexuality since January 1, 1998, putting the group well on pace to reach its goal of 350,000 conversions by the end of the year."[158][159] According to Mimi Marinucci, most US adults who support gay rights would recognize the story as satire due to unrealistic details.[158] The Westboro Baptist Church passed along the story as fact,[160][161] citing it as evidence of a gay conspiracy.[162]

Homosexual conspiracies edit

"Homintern" edit

According to historian Michael S. Sherry, the term "homintern"—a reference to "Comintern", the Soviet-sponsored Communist International—was probably used jokingly among artists and writers in England in the 1930s to mock the idea of a powerful cabal of queer artists.[163] Coining of the term has been attributed to various writers including W. H. Auden, Cyril Connolly, Jocelyn Brooke, Harold Norse, and Maurice Bowra.[164][165] During the Cold War, anti-gay commentators in the United States sought to link homosexuality and Communism, using the terms "homintern" and "homosexual mafia" as shorthand for a purported homosexual conspiracy in the arts similar to the Communist International in politics.[163]

Sherry refers to mid–20th century American conspiracy theories targeting gay artists, many of whose works were prominently used as propaganda in the Cultural Cold War against the Soviet Union, as the "homintern discourse".[166] During the second Red Scare in the 1950s, the "homintern" was invoked by American Senator Joseph McCarthy, who used it to claim that the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman were set on destroying America from within.[167][better source needed] According to Sherry, the "homintern discourse" began to decline with the growth of 1960s counterculture and skepticism about the United States' role in the Cold War and Vietnam War.[166][168]

"Gaystapo" edit

The term "Gaystapo" (French: Gestapette) was coined in France in the 1940s by political satirist Jean Galtier-Boissière for the Vichy education minister, Abel Bonnard. It was subsequently applied by National Front leader Jean-Marie Le Pen to Florian Philippot, whom he accused of being a bad influence on Marine Le Pen.[169][170]

"Gay mafia" edit

The English critic Kenneth Tynan wrote to A.C. Spectorsky (editor of Playboy) in 1967 proposing an article on the "Homosexual Mafia" in the arts.[171] Spectorsky declined, although he stated that "culture hounds were paying homage to faggotismo as they have never done before". Playboy would subsequently run a panel on gay issues in April 1971.

"Gay mafia" became more widely used in the US media in the 1980s and 1990s, such as the American daily New York Post. The term was also used by the British tabloid The Sun in 1998 in response to what it claimed was sinister dominance by gay men in the Labour Party Cabinet.[172][173][174][175]

"Lavender mafia" edit

While the term "Lavender Mafia" has occasionally been used to refer to informal networks of gay executives in the US entertainment industry,[176] more generally it refers to Church politics. For example, a faction within the leadership and clergy of the Roman Catholic Church that allegedly advocates the acceptance of homosexuality within the Church and its teachings.[177]

"Gay lobby" edit

Further information: Gay agenda
 
Marchers at Prague Pride 2017 carry a satirical "Homo Lobby" sign, a phrase used as a slur by right-wing populist movements in the Czech Republic.

The term "homo lobby" or "gay lobby" is often used by opponents of LGBT rights in Europe. For example, the Swedish neo-Nazi party Nordic Resistance Movement runs a "crush the homo lobby" campaign.[178] According to the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, advocating for LGBT rights could accurately be called lobbying, but the term Schwulen-Lobby ('gay lobby') is insulting because it is used to suggest a powerful conspiracy which does not actually exist.[179]

In Catholicism edit

In 2013, Pope Francis spoke about a "gay lobby" within the Vatican, and promised to see what could be done.[180] In July 2013, Francis went on to draw a distinction between the problem of lobbying and the sexual orientation of people: "If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?" "The problem", he said, "is not having this orientation. We must be brothers. The problem is lobbying by this orientation, or lobbies of greedy people, political lobbies, Masonic lobbies, so many lobbies. This is the worse problem."[181][182]

Anti-transgender rhetoric edit

 
Anti-transgender graffiti in Rome's Municipio VIII district
Further information: Transphobia

Misgendering edit

Further information: Misgendering
See also: Deadnaming

Misgendering is the act of labelling others with a gender that does not match their gender identity.[183] Misgendering can be deliberate or accidental. It can involve using pronouns to describe someone that are not the ones they use,[184] calling a person "ma'am" or "sir" in contradiction to the person's gender identity,[185] and using a pre-transition name for someone instead of a post-transition one[186] (deadnaming).[187][188]

Deception and masquerade edit

Some terms often considered to be anti-trans such as shemale, trap, and ladyboy are perceived to promote the belief that trans women are men masquerading as women. The concept of a person whose gender identity differs from their assigned birth sex has often been twisted into jokes about how repulsive such a person must be.[189] Transgender individuals are perceived as more deceptive than sexual minorities.[190]

Bathroom predators edit

Further information: Unisex public toilet § Criticism
This section is an excerpt from Bathroom bill.[edit]

A bathroom bill is the common name for legislation or a statute that denies access to public toilets by gender or transgender identity. Bathroom bills affect access to sex-segregated public facilities for an individual based on a determination of their sex as defined in some specific way, such as their sex as assigned at birth, their sex as listed on their birth certificate, or the sex that corresponds to their gender identity.[191] A bathroom bill can either be inclusive or exclusive of transgender individuals, depending on the aforementioned definition of their sex.

Proponents of the bills argue that such legislation is necessary to maintain privacy, protect what they claim to be an innate sense of modesty held by most cisgender people, prevent voyeurism, assault, molestation, and rape,[192] and retain psychological comfort.[193][194] Critics of the bills argue that they do not make public restrooms any safer for cisgender (non-transgender) people, and that they make public restrooms less safe for both transgender people and gender non-conforming cisgender people.[195][196][197] Additionally, critics claim there have been no cases of a transgender person attacking a cisgender person in a public restroom,[195][198] although there has been one reported incident of voyeurism in a fitting room.[199] The American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics are all opposed to bathroom bills.[200][201][202][203]

In feminism edit

Further information: Gender-critical feminism
See also: Womyn-born womyn

Some positions within feminist theory have used denialist rhetoric viewed as transphobic. Those that hold these positions are known as trans-exclusionary radical feminists, or "TERF" for short. This term was coined by feminist blogger Viv Smythe in 2008 as a value-neutral descriptor of feminists that engage in denialism.

In 1979, American radical feminist Janice Raymond published The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male. In it, she wrote that, "All transsexuals rape women's bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact, appropriating this body for themselves."[204] A common position in radical feminism maintain that trans women are not women in a literal sense and should not be in women-only spaces.[205]

Some second-wave feminists perceive trans men and women respectively as "traitors" and "infiltrators" to womanhood.[206] In a 1997 article British lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys wrote that "[T]ranssexualism should be seen as a violation of human rights." Jeffreys also argued that by transitioning medically and socially, trans women are "constructing a conservative fantasy of what women should be. They are inventing an essence of womanhood which is deeply insulting and restrictive."[207]

Legality and censorship edit

Hate speech against LGBT people, or incitement to hatred against them, is criminalized in some countries.[208]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Hate Speech and Hate Crimes against LGBT Persons" (PDF). European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Dutch penal code – article 137c". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Norwegian Penal code, Straffeloven, section 135 a." Retrieved 17 March 2021.
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Further reading edit

  • Brummett, Barry (1979). "A pentadic analysis of ideologies in two gay rights controversies". Central States Speech Journal. 30 (3): 250–261. doi:10.1080/10510977909368018.
  • Burack, Cynthia (2006). "From Doom Town to Sin City: Chick Tracts and Anti-gay Political Rhetoric". New Political Science. 28 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1080/07393140600679843. S2CID 144985657.
  • Burack, Cynthia (17 April 2008). Sin, Sex, and Democracy: Antigay Rhetoric and the Christian Right. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7406-8.
  • Dugan, Kimberly B. (2004). "Strategy and "Spin": Opposing Movement Frames in an Anti-Gay Voter Initiative". Sociological Focus. 37 (3): 213–233. doi:10.1080/00380237.2004.10571243. S2CID 143775320.
  • Eskridge, William N. Jr (2000). "No Promo Homo: The Sedimentation of Antigay Discourse and the Channeling Effect of Judicial Review". New York University Law Review. 75: 1327–.
  • Fetner, Tina (2005). "Ex-Gay Rhetoric and the Politics of Sexuality: The Christian Antigay/Pro-Family Movement's "Truth in Love" Ad Campaign". Journal of Homosexuality. 50 (1): 71–95. doi:10.1300/J082v50n01_04. hdl:11375/21101. PMID 16368665. S2CID 31672425.
  • Harris, W. C. (2006). ""In My Day It Used to Be Called a Limp Wrist": Flip-Floppers, Nelly Boys, and Homophobic Rhetoric in the 2004 US Presidential Campaign". The Journal of American Culture. 29 (3): 278–295. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734X.2006.00371.x.
  • Gadarian, Shana Kushner; van der Vort, Eric (2018). "The Gag Reflex: Disgust Rhetoric and Gay Rights in American Politics". Political Behavior. 40 (2): 521–543. doi:10.1007/s11109-017-9412-x. ISSN 1573-6687. S2CID 254937380.
  • Kirchick, James (31 May 2022). "The Long, Sordid History of the Gay Conspiracy Theory". Intelligencer.
  • Levy, Elizabeth (2013). "Animus in the Closet: Outing the Addiction Parallels in Anti-Gay Legal Rhetoric". UC Irvine Law Review. 3 (1): 151–. ISSN 2327-4514.
  • Mazza, Michael James (2009). This Fierce Geometry: Uses of the Judeo-Christian Bible in the Anti-Abolitionist and Anti-Gay Rhetoric of the United States (PhD thesis). University of Pittsburgh.
  • Perkins, Anna Kasafi (2016). "More than Words: Evangelicals, the Rhetoric of Battle and the Fight over Gay Rights in the Caribbean". Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies. 41 (1): 13–46.
  • Schwartz, Michael (2019). Homosexuelle, Seilschaften, Verrat: Ein transnationales Stereotyp im 20. Jahrhundert (in German). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-063650-5.
  • Smith, Ralph R.; Windes, Russel R. (2000). Progay/Antigay. SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-1647-5.
  • Stewart, Craig O. (2008). "Social cognition and discourse processing goals in the analysis of 'ex-gay' rhetoric". Discourse & Society. 19 (1): 63–83. doi:10.1177/0957926507083689. S2CID 144039300.
  • Woods, Gregory (2003). "The 'Conspiracy' of the 'Homintern'". The Gay and Lesbian Review Worldwide. 10 (3): 11–13. ISSN 1532-1118.

February 16, 2024
anti, lgbt, rhetoric, this, article, about, themes, catchphrases, slogans, used, against, lgbt, people, organized, opposition, lgbt, rights, opposition, comprises, themes, catchphrases, slogans, that, have, been, used, order, demean, lesbian, bisexual, transge. This article is about themes catchphrases and slogans used against LGBT people For organized opposition see LGBT rights opposition Anti LGBT rhetoric comprises themes catchphrases and slogans that have been used in order to demean lesbian gay bisexual and transgender LGBT people They range from the demeaning and the pejorative to expressions of hostility towards homosexuality which are based on religious medical or moral grounds It is a form of hate speech 1 which is illegal in countries such as the Netherlands 2 Norway 3 and Sweden 4 Anti LGBT rhetoric often consists of moral panic and conspiracy theories In Eastern Europe these conspiracy theories are based on earlier antisemitic conspiracy theories and posit that the LGBT movement is an instrument of foreign control and domination 5 6 7 Contents 1 As a foreign conspiracy 2 As an ideology 2 1 Criticism 3 Dehumanization 4 Slurs 5 Calls for violence 6 Anti gay themes 6 1 Homosexuality as a cause of disasters 6 2 AIDS as punishment 6 3 Homosexuality as unnatural 6 4 Homosexuality as a disease 6 5 Homosexuality as a choice or lifestyle 6 6 Homosexuality as sinful or ungodly 6 7 Homosexuality as a Western ill 6 8 Conflation with pedophilia 6 9 Gay agenda 6 10 Recruitment 6 11 Homosexual conspiracies 6 11 1 Homintern 6 11 2 Gaystapo 6 11 3 Gay mafia 6 11 4 Lavender mafia 6 11 5 Gay lobby 6 11 5 1 In Catholicism 7 Anti transgender rhetoric 7 1 Misgendering 7 2 Deception and masquerade 7 3 Bathroom predators 7 4 In feminism 8 Legality and censorship 9 See also 10 References 11 Further readingAs a foreign conspiracy editIn 1969 the Greek junta exited the Council of Europe after being found in violation of the European Convention of Human Rights judging that the European Commission of Human Rights was a conspiracy of homosexuals and communists against Hellenic values 8 This discourse promoted by the governments of Hungary and Poland alleges that LGBT rights movements are controlled by foreign forces such as the European Union and are a threat to national independence and western civilization 9 10 11 12 Anti government protests in Russia and the Euromaidan have also been portrayed by the Russian government as the work of an LGBT conspiracy 12 Furthermore although Russia considers itself to be a European country its government also considers its values as entirely different from those commonly seen within the European Union More specifically Russia used to protest against the common European Values in support of LGBT rights however rather than complaining about these values Russia has now chosen to openly express their own values which are entirely against any support for LGBT rights 13 As an ideology editSee also Anti gender movement nbsp LGBT free zone stickers distributed by the Gazeta Polska newspaper 2019In 2013 the conservative blog American Thinker published several articles using the phrase LGBT ideology 14 The Italian Catholic philosopher Roberto Marchesini it used the phrase in a 2015 article equating it with the earlier concept of gender ideology In his article he does not define either LGBT ideology or gender ideology 14 15 In 2017 several conservative Islamic politicians in Malaysia and Indonesia attacked LGBT ideology 14 16 During a sermon on 1 August 2019 Polish Archbishop Marek Jedraszewski called LGBT ideology a rainbow plague and compared it to the Red Plague of Communism 17 18 Following this the Czech cardinal Dominik Duka also commented on LGBT ideology However because Czech society is secular and the Catholic Church has little influence on Czech politics his comments had little impact 14 In September 2019 Stanley Bill a lecturer at Cambridge University who studies Poland stated Scaremongering about LGBT ideology has almost become official policy in Poland with often nasty insinuations from members of the government and public media now the norm 19 In June 2020 Polish President Andrzej Duda drew international attention when he called LGBT an ideology and a form of Neo Bolshevism 20 21 Agreement Party MP Jacek Zalek stated in an interview that the LGBT community are not people and it s an ideology which led to the journalist Katarzyna Kolenda Zaleska pl asking him to leave the studio the row caused controversy 22 The next day Duda said at a rally in Silesia They are trying to convince us that LGBT is people but it is just an ideology 23 He promised to ban the propagation of LGBT ideology in public institutions including schools similar to the Russian gay propaganda law 24 On the same day PiS MP Przemyslaw Czarnek said on a TVP Info talk show regarding a photo of a naked person in a gay bar Let s defend ourselves against LGBT ideology and stop listening to those idiocies about human rights or equality These people are not equal to normal people 24 25 In July 2020 the European Union announced that it will not provide funding to six Polish towns that have declared themselves LGBT free zones after nearly 100 local governments a third of Poland s territory declared themselves free from LGBT ideology 26 On 1 August 2020 the anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising ultranationalist Robert Winnicki compared LGBT to communist and Nazi ideology He stated Every plague passes at some point The German plague passed which was consuming Poland for six years the red plague passed the rainbow plague is also going to pass 27 In August 2020 Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro announced a new program for counteracting crimes related to the violation of freedom of conscience committed under the influence of LGBT ideology From a government fund intended to help victims of crime PLN 613 698 was awarded to a foundation to combat the alleged crimes of LGBT ideology 28 29 30 The project among other things explores a supposed connection between LGBT ideology and the Frankfurt School 31 At the 16 August Stop LGBT aggression rally that year Krzysztof Bosak said that even irreligious people are among opponents of LGBT ideology because it is contrary to common sense and rational thinking He also said that the LGBT community is a lower form of social life 32 Criticism edit According to Krakow Post a Polish newspaper LGBT is not an ideology The phrase LGBT ideology makes about as much sense as redhead ideology or left handed ideology While the support of many LGBT people and their allies improved LGBT rights they have differing political views 20 According to Notes from Poland attacks on LGBT ideology which often rely on exaggerated distorted or invented claims result in the marginalisation and demonisation of such people 33 Center right presidential candidate Szymon Holownia who is a practicing Catholic stated there is no such thing as LGBT ideology there are LGBT people He said that anti LGBT rhetoric from politicians could lead vulnerable people to suicide 33 In protest at the comments made by the president and Zalek LGBT people have held pickets in various towns and cities in Poland opposing the idea that LGBT is an ideology 34 35 36 37 Activists also created a film Ludzie nie ideologia People not ideology showcasing the families of LGBT people 38 An article in OKO press compared the anti LGBT campaign to the 1968 anti Zionist campaign during the anti Zionist campaign people said that they were targeting Zionism as an ideology but ended up targeting Jews as people Many Jews were forced out of the country in 1968 and LGBT people are emigrating from Poland in 2020 24 According to Polish historian Adam Leszczynski LGBT ideology is a bag into which the right wing throws societal changes that do not suit it eg calls for equal rights for same sex couples which have been implemented in many countries from the United States to South Africa In the language of right wing propaganda LGBT ideology serves to dehumanize minorities and create an enemy and thus build political support for the right which presents itself as the only defender of the traditional family religion and social order Ideology also fits the right wing perception of the world in terms of a conspiracy ideology is promoted someone disseminates it someone is behind it eg George Soros a Jewish American financier who supports among others LGBT organizations 39 Dehumanization edit nbsp Stay in the closet gay scum graffiti in Madrid SpainDehumanization is a frequent feature of anti LGBT rhetoric which may take the form of comparing LGBT people to animals or equating homosexual relationships with bestiality 40 41 Slurs editFurther information LGBT slang Slurs According to one study homophobic epithets foster dehumanization and avoidance of gay people in ways that other insults or labels do not 42 Another study found that homophobia results in substantial health and welfare effects 43 Calls for violence edit nbsp Death to faggots Serbian graffiti in BelgradeAnti LGBT rhetoric also includes calls for violence against LGBT people and suggestions that they should be killed or die 44 such as in Cyprus 45 Iran 46 Russia 47 the United States 48 49 Malawi 50 or Uganda 51 In Serbia members of Obraz chanted Death to faggots Serbian Smrt pederima and posted posters stating we are waiting for you Serbian chekamo vas next to an image of a baseball bat In 2012 the organization was banned by the Constitutional Court of Serbia due to extremism 52 53 Anti gay themes editIt has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Homophobic trope Discuss September 2023 Anti gay activists claim that homosexuality goes against traditional family values that homosexuality is a Trojan Horse or that it destroys families and humankind 54 through homosexual recruitment which will lead to the extinction of humanity 55 Homosexuality as a cause of disasters edit The argument that homosexuals cause natural disasters has been around for more than a thousand years even before Justinian blamed earthquakes on unchecked homosexual behavior in the sixth century 56 This trope was common in early modern Christian literature 57 homosexuals were blamed for earthquakes floods famines plagues invasions of Saracens and field mice This discourse was revived by Anita Bryant in 1976 when she blamed homosexuals for droughts in California 56 In the U S right wing religious groups including the Westboro Baptist Church continue to claim that homosexuals are responsible for disasters 58 Homosexuals have been blamed for hurricanes including Isaac Katrina and Sandy 59 In 2020 various religious figures including Israeli rabbi Meir Mazuz have argued that the COVID 19 pandemic is divine retribution for same sex activity or pride parades 60 Following the September 2001 attacks televangelist Jerry Falwell blamed the pagans and the abortionists and the feminists and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle the ACLU People for the American Way for provoking the aggression of Islamic fundamentalists and causing God to withdraw his protection for America 61 On the broadcast of the Christian television program The 700 Club Falwell said You helped this happen He later apologized and said I would never blame any human being except the terrorists 62 63 In 2012 Chilean politician Ignacio Urrutia claimed that allowing homosexuals to serve in the Chilean military would cause Peru and Bolivia to invade and destroy his country 64 AIDS as punishment edit Further information AIDS Stigma and Gay related immune deficiency An outgrowth of the discourse on homosexuality causing disasters argues that HIV AIDS is divine punishment for homosexuality 65 56 66 During the early years of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s mainstream newspapers labeled it a gay plague 67 68 69 For a few years the misleading technical name for the disease was gay related immune deficiency 70 The slogan AIDS Kills Fags Dead a pun on the commercial slogan for Raid insecticide Raid Kills Bugs Dead appeared during the early years of AIDS in the United States when the disease was mainly diagnosed among male homosexuals and was almost invariably fatal The slogan caught on quickly as a catchy truism a chant or simply something written as graffiti It is reported that the slogan first appeared in public in the early 1990s when Sebastian Bach the former lead singer of the heavy metal band Skid Row wore it on a t shirt thrown to him by an audience member 71 The slogan AIDS cures fags is used by the Westboro Baptist Church 72 73 Homosexuality as unnatural edit nbsp Graffiti in Poznan Poland Boy girl is the normal family This has in turn been graffitied to add the word not in Polish and two female symbols Describing homosexuality as unnatural dates back to Plato Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas However there is no single definition of unnatural Some of those who argue that homosexuality is unnatural in the sense of being absent from nature an argument refuted by the presence of homosexuality in animals Others mean that the genitals were created for reproduction either by God or natural selection and are not intended to be used for purposes they deem unnatural Proponents of this idea often argue that homosexuality is immoral because it is unnatural but opponents argue that this argument makes an is ought conflation Some proponents of the unnaturalness thesis argue that homosexual behavior is the result of recruitment or willful sinfulness 74 Homosexuality as a disease edit Nazi propaganda described homosexuality as a contagious disease 75 but not in the medical sense Rather homosexuality was a disease of the Volkskorper national body a metaphor for the desired national or racial community Volksgemeinschaft According to Nazi ideology individuals lives were to be subordinated to the Volkskorper like cells in the human body Homosexuality was seen as a virus or cancer in the Volkskorper because it was seen as a threat to the German nation 76 The SS newspaper Das Schwarze Korps argued that 40 000 homosexuals were capable of poisoning two million men if left to roam free 77 Some of those who called homosexuality unnatural such as Traditional Values Coalition head and Christian right activist Louis Sheldon said that if it were proven to be a biologically based phenomenon it would still be diseased 74 The psychiatric establishment in the west once medicalized same sex desire In the United States homosexuality was removed in 1973 as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM as it did not meet the criteria for a mental disorder 78 79 80 The Catholic Church still officially teaches that homosexual tendencies are objectively disordered 81 In 2016 anti LGBT rhetoric was increasing in Indonesia under the Twitter hashtag TolakLGBT RejectLGBT and claims that LGBT is a disease 82 In 2019 Archbishop Marek Jedraszewski claimed that a rainbow plague is threatening Poland 83 In 2020 the education minister defended an official who warned that LGBT virus was threatening Polish schools and was more dangerous than COVID 19 84 Homosexuality as a choice or lifestyle edit Gay lifestyle redirects here For the culture of gay people see LGBT culture Along with the idea of homosexual recruitment the idea of a gay lifestyle or homosexual lifestyle is used by social and religious conservatives in the United States to argue that non heterosexual sexual orientations are consciously chosen 85 86 However scientists favor biological explanations for sexual orientation arguing that people typically feel no sense of control over their sexual orientation or attractions 87 The term gay lifestyle may also be used disparagingly for a series of stereotyped behaviours 88 Christian right activists may worry that increasing LGBT rights will make the gay lifestyle more attractive to young people 89 US media in the 1970s frequently used the term alternative lifestyle as a euphemism for homosexuality and the term was employed in an anti gay context by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment as well as supporters of California s Proposition 6 which would have barred openly gay teachers in public schools 90 In 1977 while campaigning against a local ordinance protecting gay teachers against employment discrimination anti gay activist Anita Bryant stated A homosexual is not born they are made 91 US president Ronald Reagan used the language of choice to portray the gay rights movement as being in opposition to American culture saying the movement was asking for a recognition and acceptance of an alternative lifestyle which I do not believe society can condone 90 Homosexuality as sinful or ungodly edit Adam and Steve redirects here For the 2005 film see Adam amp Steve Further information Religion and homosexuality nbsp Members of the Westboro Baptist Church picketing at the University of KansasMany conservative Christians consider homosexual acts to be inherently sinful based on scriptural passages such as Leviticus 18 22 You shall not lie with a male as with a woman it is an abomination Leviticus 20 13 If a man lies with a male as with a woman both of them have committed an abomination they shall be put to death their blood is upon them and 1 Corinthians 6 9 10 Do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God Do not be deceived Fornicators idolaters adulterers male prostitutes sodomites thieves the greedy drunkards revilers robbers none of these will inherit the kingdom of God 92 The story of Sodom and Gomorrah two biblical cities which were burned down due to the sins of its inhabitants is sometimes portrayed as divine retribution for homosexual behavior 93 92 Various inflammatory and controversial slogans including some listed in the next section have been used by opponent congregations and individuals particularly by Fred Phelps founder of the Westboro Baptist Church These slogans have included God Hates Fags Fear God Not Fags and Matthew Shepard Burns In Hell 94 nbsp Posters in Tel Aviv prior to the city s Pride Parade God hates lechery Homosexuality is also frequently considered sinful in Islam In some Middle Eastern countries acts of homosexuality are punishable by death Anti LGBT rhetoric and political homophobia are growing in some Muslim countries 95 96 97 98 99 excessive citations Other religious leaders including Christians Muslims and Jews have denounced anti LGBT rhetoric 100 101 102 103 excessive citations nbsp Counter protester at an anti LGBTQ demonstration in Seoul 2017The slogan God made Adam and Eve not Adam and Steve alludes to a Bible based argument that homosexuality is sinful and unnatural 104 105 A Christianity Today article in December 1970 reported on attitudes in San Francisco quoting a graffiti that said If God had wanted homosexuals he would have created Adam and Freddy 106 In 1977 in Dade County Anita Bryant made a similar comment only her version was Adam and Bruce 107 108 By 1979 Jerry Falwell had used Adam and Steve 109 In 1977 it was used on a protest sign as mentioned in a New York Times news service report about a November 19 rally in Houston that year 110 111 The phrase was used in The Gay Bar an episode of Maude broadcast on December 3 1977 Two years later Jerry Falwell gave the phrase wider circulation in a Christianity Today report of a press conference he had given 110 112 The phrase later acquired a certain notoriety and when used to name a pair of characters in a work of fiction helps to identify them as members of a homosexual pair Paul Rudnick s play The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told 110 113 the 2005 film Adam amp Steve and other works 110 The phrase was used by the Democratic Unionist Party MP David Simpson during the 2013 British House of Commons debate on same sex marriage although a slip of the tongue saying in the Garden of Eden it was Adam and Steve initially caused laughter in the chamber 114 110 Zimbabwean presidential candidate Nelson Chamisa said in an interview that w e must be able to respect what God ordained and how we are created as a people there are a male and a female there are Adam and Eve not Adam and Steve 115 The phrase was also reclaimed by LGBT people and used in blogs comics and other media mocking the anti gay message 110 Homosexuality as a Western ill edit Homosexuality is sometimes claimed to be non existent in some non Western countries or to be an evil influence imported from the West Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad of Malaysia employed anti gay rhetoric as part of his Asian values program describing homosexuality as one of several Western ills 116 Mohamad used it for political advantage in the 1998 scandal involving the sacking and jailing of MP and former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim by Mohamad amidst accusations of sodomy that the Sydney Morning Herald termed a blatantly political fix up 117 Anwar was subsequently subjected to two trials and sentenced to nine years imprisonment for corruption and sodomy 118 While in New York for a meeting of the United Nations Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was invited to speak at Columbia University in New York to give a lecture When responding to a student question afterward he said speaking through an interpreter In Iran we don t have homosexuals like in your country 119 In his native Farsi he used the slang equivalent of faggot not the neutral term for a homosexual 120 Other countries and regions viewing homosexuality as a Western disease include Vietnam 121 China 122 Ethiopia 123 Africa 124 Australian Muslims 125 and India 126 Conflation with pedophilia edit Further information LGBT grooming conspiracy theory nbsp Stop Pedofilii van belonging to Fundacja Pro pl who claim that pedophilia is advocated by the LGBT lobby The claim that homosexuals sexually abuse children predates the current era as it was leveled against pederasts even during antiquity 127 Lawmakers and social commentators have sometimes expressed a concern that normalizing homosexuality would also lead to normalizing pedophilia if it were determined that pedophilia too were a sexual orientation 128 A related claim is that LGBT adoption is done for the purpose of grooming children for sexual exploitation 129 The empirical research shows that sexual orientation does not affect the likelihood that people will abuse children 130 131 132 Others have made hoaxes intending to falsely associate pedophilia with the LGBT community by rebranding it as a sexual orientation including claims that the in LGBT refers to pedophiles zoophiles and necrophiles 133 134 as well as the invented terms agefluid clovergender a hoax executed by users of the imageboard 4chan whose logo is a stylized four leaf clover and pedosexual 135 136 137 Starting in 2022 some conservatives including Chaya Raichik of Libs of TikTok started using the terms grooming groomer and pro pedophile against their opponents and LGBT people over anti LGBT legislation such as laws restricting and banning discussion of sexual orientation and gender identity in schools Critics say that these usages of the terms diminish the experiences of sexual assault survivors smear the LGBT community and are dangerous in general 138 Gay agenda edit This section is an excerpt from Gay agenda edit Gay agenda or homosexual agenda is a term used by sectors of the Christian religious right as a disparaging way to describe the advocacy of cultural acceptance and normalization of non heterosexual sexual orientations and relationships The term originated among social conservatives in the United States and has been adopted in nations with active anti LGBT movements such as Hungary and Uganda The term refers to efforts to change government policies and laws on LGBT rights related issues Additionally it has been used by social conservatives and others to describe alleged goals of LGBT rights activists such as recruiting heterosexuals into what conservatives term a homosexual lifestyle Recruitment edit Further information Acquired homosexuality and Homosexual seduction The charge of homosexual recruitment is an allegation by social conservatives that LGBT people engage in concerted efforts to indoctrinate children into homosexuality In the United States this dates back to the early post war era 139 91 Proponents were found especially among the New Right as epitomized by Anita Bryant In her Save Our Children campaign she promoted a view of homosexuals recruiting youth 139 115 116 A common slogan is Homosexuals cannot reproduce so they must recruit or its variants 140 141 Supporters of recruitment allegations point at deviant 142 and prurient sex education as evidence They express concern that anti bullying efforts teach that homosexuality is normal and that students shouldn t harass their classmates because they re gay suggesting recruitment as the primary motivation 143 Supporters of this myth cite the inability for same sex couples to reproduce as a motivation for recruitment 143 144 145 146 Sociologists and psychologists describe such claims as an anti gay myth 147 148 and a fear inducing bogeyman 149 Many critics believe the term promotes the myth of homosexuals as pedophiles 150 151 In 1977 Anita Bryant successfully campaigned to repeal an ordinance in Miami Dade County that prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation Her campaign was based upon allegations of homosexual recruitment 145 Writing about Bryant s efforts to repeal a Florida anti discrimination law in the Journal of Social History Michel Boucai wrote that Bryant s organization Save Our Children framed the law as an endorsement of immorality and a license for recruitment 152 Oregon s proposed 1992 Ballot Measure 9 contained language that would have added anti LGBT rhetoric to the state Constitution U S writer Judith Reisman justified her support for the measure citing a clear avenue for the recruitment of children by gays and lesbians 153 A small newspaper in Uganda s capital attracted international attention in 2010 when it outed 100 gay people alongside a banner that said Hang them and claimed that homosexuals aimed to recruit Ugandan children and that schools had been penetrated by gay activists to recruit kids 51 According to gay rights activists many Ugandans were attacked afterward as a result of their real or perceived sexual orientation 154 Minorities activist David Kato who was outed in the article and a co plaintiff in the lawsuit against the paper was subsequently murdered at home by an intruder 155 and an international outcry resulted 156 157 In 1998 The Onion parodied the idea of homosexual recruitment in an article titled 98 Homosexual Recruitment Drive Nearing Goal saying Spokespersons for the National Gay amp Lesbian Recruitment Task Force announced Monday that more than 288 000 straights have been converted to homosexuality since January 1 1998 putting the group well on pace to reach its goal of 350 000 conversions by the end of the year 158 159 According to Mimi Marinucci most US adults who support gay rights would recognize the story as satire due to unrealistic details 158 The Westboro Baptist Church passed along the story as fact 160 161 citing it as evidence of a gay conspiracy 162 Homosexual conspiracies edit Homintern edit According to historian Michael S Sherry the term homintern a reference to Comintern the Soviet sponsored Communist International was probably used jokingly among artists and writers in England in the 1930s to mock the idea of a powerful cabal of queer artists 163 Coining of the term has been attributed to various writers including W H Auden Cyril Connolly Jocelyn Brooke Harold Norse and Maurice Bowra 164 165 During the Cold War anti gay commentators in the United States sought to link homosexuality and Communism using the terms homintern and homosexual mafia as shorthand for a purported homosexual conspiracy in the arts similar to the Communist International in politics 163 Sherry refers to mid 20th century American conspiracy theories targeting gay artists many of whose works were prominently used as propaganda in the Cultural Cold War against the Soviet Union as the homintern discourse 166 During the second Red Scare in the 1950s the homintern was invoked by American Senator Joseph McCarthy who used it to claim that the administrations of Franklin D Roosevelt and Harry S Truman were set on destroying America from within 167 better source needed According to Sherry the homintern discourse began to decline with the growth of 1960s counterculture and skepticism about the United States role in the Cold War and Vietnam War 166 168 Gaystapo edit The term Gaystapo French Gestapette was coined in France in the 1940s by political satirist Jean Galtier Boissiere for the Vichy education minister Abel Bonnard It was subsequently applied by National Front leader Jean Marie Le Pen to Florian Philippot whom he accused of being a bad influence on Marine Le Pen 169 170 Gay mafia edit The English critic Kenneth Tynan wrote to A C Spectorsky editor of Playboy in 1967 proposing an article on the Homosexual Mafia in the arts 171 Spectorsky declined although he stated that culture hounds were paying homage to faggotismo as they have never done before Playboy would subsequently run a panel on gay issues in April 1971 Gay mafia became more widely used in the US media in the 1980s and 1990s such as the American daily New York Post The term was also used by the British tabloid The Sun in 1998 in response to what it claimed was sinister dominance by gay men in the Labour Party Cabinet 172 173 174 175 Lavender mafia edit While the term Lavender Mafia has occasionally been used to refer to informal networks of gay executives in the US entertainment industry 176 more generally it refers to Church politics For example a faction within the leadership and clergy of the Roman Catholic Church that allegedly advocates the acceptance of homosexuality within the Church and its teachings 177 Gay lobby edit Further information Gay agenda nbsp Marchers at Prague Pride 2017 carry a satirical Homo Lobby sign a phrase used as a slur by right wing populist movements in the Czech Republic The term homo lobby or gay lobby is often used by opponents of LGBT rights in Europe For example the Swedish neo Nazi party Nordic Resistance Movement runs a crush the homo lobby campaign 178 According to the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel advocating for LGBT rights could accurately be called lobbying but the term Schwulen Lobby gay lobby is insulting because it is used to suggest a powerful conspiracy which does not actually exist 179 In Catholicism edit In 2013 Pope Francis spoke about a gay lobby within the Vatican and promised to see what could be done 180 In July 2013 Francis went on to draw a distinction between the problem of lobbying and the sexual orientation of people If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will who am I to judge The problem he said is not having this orientation We must be brothers The problem is lobbying by this orientation or lobbies of greedy people political lobbies Masonic lobbies so many lobbies This is the worse problem 181 182 Anti transgender rhetoric edit nbsp Anti transgender graffiti in Rome s Municipio VIII districtFurther information Transphobia Misgendering edit Further information MisgenderingSee also Deadnaming Misgendering is the act of labelling others with a gender that does not match their gender identity 183 Misgendering can be deliberate or accidental It can involve using pronouns to describe someone that are not the ones they use 184 calling a person ma am or sir in contradiction to the person s gender identity 185 and using a pre transition name for someone instead of a post transition one 186 deadnaming 187 188 Deception and masquerade edit Some terms often considered to be anti trans such as shemale trap and ladyboy are perceived to promote the belief that trans women are men masquerading as women The concept of a person whose gender identity differs from their assigned birth sex has often been twisted into jokes about how repulsive such a person must be 189 Transgender individuals are perceived as more deceptive than sexual minorities 190 Bathroom predators edit Further information Unisex public toilet CriticismThis section is an excerpt from Bathroom bill edit A bathroom bill is the common name for legislation or a statute that denies access to public toilets by gender or transgender identity Bathroom bills affect access to sex segregated public facilities for an individual based on a determination of their sex as defined in some specific way such as their sex as assigned at birth their sex as listed on their birth certificate or the sex that corresponds to their gender identity 191 A bathroom bill can either be inclusive or exclusive of transgender individuals depending on the aforementioned definition of their sex Proponents of the bills argue that such legislation is necessary to maintain privacy protect what they claim to be an innate sense of modesty held by most cisgender people prevent voyeurism assault molestation and rape 192 and retain psychological comfort 193 194 Critics of the bills argue that they do not make public restrooms any safer for cisgender non transgender people and that they make public restrooms less safe for both transgender people and gender non conforming cisgender people 195 196 197 Additionally critics claim there have been no cases of a transgender person attacking a cisgender person in a public restroom 195 198 although there has been one reported incident of voyeurism in a fitting room 199 The American Medical Association the American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics are all opposed to bathroom bills 200 201 202 203 In feminism edit Further information Gender critical feminism See also Womyn born womyn Some positions within feminist theory have used denialist rhetoric viewed as transphobic Those that hold these positions are known as trans exclusionary radical feminists or TERF for short This term was coined by feminist blogger Viv Smythe in 2008 as a value neutral descriptor of feminists that engage in denialism In 1979 American radical feminist Janice Raymond published The Transsexual Empire The Making of the She Male In it she wrote that All transsexuals rape women s bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact appropriating this body for themselves 204 A common position in radical feminism maintain that trans women are not women in a literal sense and should not be in women only spaces 205 Some second wave feminists perceive trans men and women respectively as traitors and infiltrators to womanhood 206 In a 1997 article British lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys wrote that T ranssexualism should be seen as a violation of human rights Jeffreys also argued that by transitioning medically and socially trans women are constructing a conservative fantasy of what women should be They are inventing an essence of womanhood which is deeply insulting and restrictive 207 Legality and censorship editHate speech against LGBT people or incitement to hatred against them is criminalized in some countries 208 See also edit nbsp LGBT portal nbsp Transgender portalBiphobia Drop the T Globohomo Variant of the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory Homophobic propaganda Identity politics Lavender scare Lesbophobia LGBT stereotypes List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti LGBT hate groups Religion and homosexuality Societal attitudes toward homosexuality TransmisogynyReferences edit Hate Speech and Hate Crimes against LGBT Persons PDF European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights 2009 Retrieved 17 March 2021 Dutch penal code article 137c Retrieved 17 March 2021 Norwegian Penal code Straffeloven section 135 a Retrieved 17 March 2021 Moren Kristoffer 24 July 2012 Lag om hets mot folkgrupp innefattar homosexuella DN SE Dagens Nyheter Archived from the original on 24 July 2012 Retrieved 17 March 2021 Herdt Gilbert June 2009 Moral Panics Sex Panics Fear and the Fight Over Sexual Rights New York University Press ISBN 978 0 8147 3723 1 page needed Klosowska Anna 2011 Trouble in the Global Village A Snapshot of LGBT Community in Eastern Europe In Roman Odio C Sierra M eds Transnational Borderlands in Women s Global Networks The Making of Cultural Resistance Comparative Feminist Studies Series New York Palgrave Macmillan doi 10 1057 9780230119475 9 ISBN 978 0 230 11947 5 page needed Sherry Michael S 2007 Gay Artists in Modern American Culture An Imagined Conspiracy Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press ISBN 978 0 8078 3121 2 page needed Madsen Mikael Rask 2019 Resistance to the European Court of Human Rights The Institutional and Sociological Consequences of Principled Resistance Principled Resistance to ECtHR Judgments A New Paradigm Beitrage zum auslandischen offentlichen Recht und Volkerrecht Vol 285 Springer pp 35 52 doi 10 1007 978 3 662 58986 1 2 ISBN 978 3 662 58986 1 S2CID 210655765 Poland will not let EU force it into allowing gay marriages says justice minister Reuters 20 July 2020 Retrieved 24 August 2020 Ayoub Phillip Paternotte David 20 October 2014 LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe A Rainbow Europe Springer ISBN 978 1 137 39176 6 Ayoub Phillip M 2014 With Arms Wide Shut Threat Perception Norm Reception and Mobilized Resistance to LGBT Rights Journal of Human Rights 13 3 337 362 doi 10 1080 14754835 2014 919213 S2CID 145577747 a b Harari Yuval Noah 22 June 2019 50 years after Stonewall Yuval Noah Harari on the new threats to LGBT rights The Guardian Retrieved 25 August 2020 VERPOEST LIEN 2017 The End of Rhetorics LGBT policies in Russia and the European Union Studia Diplomatica 68 4 3 20 ISSN 0770 2965 JSTOR 26531664 a b c d Leszczynski Adam 17 June 2020 Ideologia LGBT Co mowi o niej Andrzej Duda biskupi i islamisci LGBT ideology What do Andrzej Duda bishops and Islamists say about it OKO press in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Marchesini Roberto 2018 The Church and Same Sex Attraction In Brambilla Giorgia Tham Joseph eds Sexuality Gender amp Education Rome IF Press p 206 ISBN 978 88 6788 141 3 via Google Books Bosia Michael J McEvoy Sandra M Rahman Momin 2020 The Oxford Handbook of Global Lgbt and Sexual Diversity Politics Oxford University Press p 455 ISBN 978 0 19 067374 1 Scally Derek 2 August 2019 Polish archbishop compares LGBTI community to red plague The Irish Times Retrieved 2 August 2019 Arcybiskup mowil o teczowej zarazie Powstancy oburzeni The Archbishop spoke of the rainbow plague The insurgents are outraged TVN Warszawa in Polish TVN Retrieved 12 August 2019 Police fire tear gas and arrest dozens of far right protesters attempting to disrupt LGBT march The Independent 28 September 2019 Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 9 August 2020 a b Hoffman Steven 20 June 2020 What is LGBT ideology and why are Polish people talking about it The Krakow Post Retrieved 5 August 2020 Dellanna Alessio 15 June 2020 LGBT campaigners denounce President Duda s comments on communism Euronews Retrieved 5 August 2020 Barejka Piotr 13 June 2020 Jacek Zalek wyjasnia czym jest ideologia LGBT I jak w imie wolnosci wyklucza Jacek Zalek explains what LGBT ideology is And as in in the name of freedom excludes Wiadomosci wp pl in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Poland s LGBT community speaks up We are people not an ideology Kafkadesk 24 June 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 a b c Krawczyk Stanislaw 16 June 2020 Ideologia LGBT jak syjonisci w 68 Tak PiS odczlowiecza mniejszosc LGBT ideology like Zionists in 68 This is how PiS dehumanises the minority OKO press in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Przemyslaw Czarnek o zdjeciu z osobami LGBT Ci ludzie nie sa rowni normalnym ludziom Przemyslaw Czarnek about the photo with LGBT people These people are not equal to normal people Polska Times in Polish 14 June 2020 Retrieved 21 August 2020 Pronczuk Monika 30 July 2020 Polish Towns That Declared Themselves L G B T Free Are Denied E U Funds The New York Times Santora Marc 6 August 2020 In Poland the Rainbow Flag Is Wrapped Up in a Broader Culture War The New York Times Retrieved 20 August 2020 Kuriozalny projekt finansowany przez Fundusz Sprawiedliwosci Chodzi o przestepstwa popelniane pod wplywem ideologii LGBT A bizarre project financed by the Justice Fund It s about crimes committed under the influence of LGBT ideology Bezprawnik in Polish 5 August 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Powstanie ksiazka o rzekomych przestepstwach popelnianych pod wplywem ideologii LGBT Zaplaci ministerstwo There will be a book about alleged crimes committed under the influence of LGBT ideology The Ministry will pay TOK FM in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 IBA IBAHRI condemns LGBTQI rights crackdown in Poland Ibanet org Retrieved 20 August 2020 Burnetko Krzysztof 6 August 2020 Straznicy pamieci i resort Ziobry walcza z inwazja LGBT Memory guardians and Ziobro s resort are fighting the LGBT invasion Polityka in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Mazzini Mateusz 16 August 2020 Narodowcy zapowiadaja ofensywe anty LGBT Nationalists announce an anti LGBT offensive Polityka in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 a b Tilles Daniel 17 June 2020 Poland s anti LGBT campaign explained 10 questions and answers Notes From Poland Retrieved 20 August 2020 Nie jestem ideologia jestem czlowiekiem Pikieta srodowisk LGBT I am not an ideology I am a human being A picket of the LGBT community Gazeta Dziennik Polonii w Kanadzie in Polish 18 June 2020 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Wroclawski protest LGBT Jestem czlowiekiem nie ideologia ZDJeCIA Wroclaw LGBT protest I am a human being not an ideology PHOTOS Tuwroclaw com in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 LGBT to ludzie Nie ideologia W sobote manifestacja w Pile LGBT are people Not an ideology Demonstration in Pila on Saturday Asta24 pl in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Grabiec Marta 17 June 2020 Nie jestem ideologia jestem czlowiekiem Protest LGBT pod lubelskim ratuszem Zobacz zdjecia I am not ideology I am human LGBT protest in front of the Lublin City Hall See photos Kurier Lubelski in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Seiler Katarzyna 29 June 2020 Kocham go bo jest dobrym czlowiekiem Bliscy osob LGBT bohaterami nowego filmu Ludzie nie ideologia I love him because he is a good person LGBT people s relatives as the heroes of the new film People not ideology Gazeta Wyborcza in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Leszczynski Adam 5 August 2020 Intelektualisci prawicy o LGBT nihilizm bolszewia hitleryzm O co chodzi Tlumaczymy ten obled Right wing intellectuals about LGBT nihilism Bolshevik Nazism What is it about We translate this madness OKO press in Polish Retrieved 20 August 2020 Ideologia LGBT to pojecie worek do ktorego prawica wrzuca te zmiany cywilizacyjne ktore jej nie odpowiadaja np postulaty rownouprawnienia zwiazkow jednoplciowych w wielu krajach od USA po RPA zrealizowane W jezyku propagandy prawicowej jak pisal w OKO press Stanislaw Krawczyk ideologia LGBT sluzy odczlowieczaniu mniejszosci oraz kreowaniu wroga a wiec budowaniu politycznego poparcia dla prawicy ktora przedstawia sie jako jedyna obronczyni tradycyjnej rodziny religii i ladu spolecznego Ideologia pasuje takze do czestego na prawicy postrzegania swiata w kategoriach spisku ideologie ktos promuje ktos upowszechnia ktos za nia stoi np George Soros zydowsko amerykanski finansista wspierajacy m in organizacje LGBT Bender Steven W 2015 Sexuality and Dehumanization Homophobia in U S Law and Life Mea Culpa Lessons on Law and Regret from U S History New York University Press pp 93 100 doi 10 18574 nyu 9781479899623 003 0007 Guerrero Coral Mario Andres 2020 The Discursive Construction of Hate A Comparative Analysis of the Marginalization and Dehumanization of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany and in Pre Stonewall United States PhD thesis York University Fasoli Fabio Paladino Maria Paola Carnaghi Andrea Jetten Jolanda Bastian Brock Bain Paul G 2016 Not just words Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men 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Retrieved 24 August 2020 US church pastor and detective says LGBT people should be killed The Independent 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 24 August 2020 Homosexuals should be killed Malawi politician News24 Retrieved 30 August 2020 a b Uganda Newspaper Published Names Photos of LGBT Activists and HRDs Cover Says Hang Them International Lesbian Gay Bisexual Trans and Intersex Association Archived from the original on 1 February 2011 Retrieved 10 May 2017 Petroviћ Aleksandra 14 December 2011 Obraz pred Ustavnim sudom Politika Online Retrieved 30 August 2020 Ustavni sud Srbije zabranio Obraz B92 net Retrieved 22 November 2017 Mills Laura 27 November 2013 Russia raises anti LGBT rhetoric at home while softening message to West CTV News Associated Press Retrieved 12 March 2014 President Mugabe homosexuality will lead to extinction a b c Dynes Wayne R 2016 Myths amp Fabrications Encyclopedia of Homosexuality Volume II Routledge p 870 ISBN 978 1 317 36812 0 Greenberg David F 15 August 1990 The Construction of Homosexuality University of Chicago Press p 168 ISBN 978 0 226 30628 5 Dominey Howes Dale Gorman Murray Andrew McKinnon Scott 2014 Queering disasters on the need to account for LGBTI experiences in natural disaster contexts Gender Place amp Culture 21 7 905 918 doi 10 1080 0966369X 2013 802673 S2CID 146478126 Dowling Tim 30 October 2012 Superstorm Sandy and many more disasters that have been blamed on the gay community The Guardian Retrieved 24 August 2020 Religious figures blame LGBT people for coronavirus Reuters 9 March 2020 Retrieved 24 August 2020 Goodstein Laurie 15 September 2001 After the Attacks Finding Fault Falwell s Finger Pointing Inappropriate Bush Says The New York Times p A15 OCLC 1058508513 Falwell apologizes to gays feminists lesbians CNN Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 Falwell and Robertson Blame Liberal America Snopes com Retrieved 24 August 2020 Si aceptan homosexuales en el Ejercito Peru y Bolivia 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2022 Retrieved 21 August 2020 Michael Musto La Dolce Musto village voice 2000 La Dolce Musto Archived from the original on 22 March 2007 Retrieved 26 March 2007 Anti Gay Protesters Descend on LISD kcbd com Retrieved 21 August 2020 Claussen Dane S 2002 Sex Religion Media Rowman amp Littlefield p 193 ISBN 978 0 7425 1558 1 a b Hopkins Patrick D 2012 Naturalizing homosexuality biology sexual orientation and the nature culture distinction Queer Philosophy Brill Rodopi pp 1 9 doi 10 1163 9789401208352 002 ISBN 978 94 012 0835 2 Giles Geoffrey J 2010 The Persecution of Gay Men and Lesbians During the Third Reich The Routledge History of the Holocaust Routledge pp 385 396 ISBN 978 0 203 83744 3 Whisnant Clayton J 2016 Queer Identities and Politics in Germany A History 1880 1945 Columbia University Press p 227 ISBN 978 1 939594 10 5 Zinn Alexander 2020 Das sind Staatsfeinde Die NS Homosexuellenverfolgung 1933 1945 They are enemies of the state The Nazi persecution of homosexuals 1933 1945 PDF Bulletin des Fritz Bauer Instituts 12 ISSN 1868 4211 Drescher Jack 4 December 2015 Out of DSM Depathologizing Homosexuality Behavioral Sciences 5 4 565 575 doi 10 3390 bs5040565 ISSN 2076 328X PMC 4695779 PMID 26690228 Gay Is Okay With APA American Psychiatric Association 24 March 2010 Archived from the original on 24 March 2010 Case No S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No 4365 APA California Amicus Brief As Filed PDF Retrieved 21 December 2010 Stances of Faiths on LGBTQ Issues Roman Catholic Church HRC Retrieved 26 August 2020 Mollman Steve 16 February 2016 LGBT is a disease not a human right a growing movement in Indonesia rejects gay rights Quartz Retrieved 25 August 2020 Liberals fear unrest as Poland Catholic Church doubles down on anti gay rhetoric Reuters 2 August 2019 Retrieved 20 August 2020 Tilles Daniel 25 August 2020 Education minister defends official who warned LGBT virus threatens Polish 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feminists have tended to perceive transfeminine people as infiltrators of womanhood and of women s space Jeffreys Sheila May 1997 Transgender activism a lesbian feminist perspective Journal of Lesbian Studies 1 3 4 55 74 doi 10 1300 J155v01n03 03 Pdf Hate crime amp hate speech ILGA Europe Archived from the original on 27 August 2020 Retrieved 22 August 2020 Further reading editBrummett Barry 1979 A pentadic analysis of ideologies in two gay rights controversies Central States Speech Journal 30 3 250 261 doi 10 1080 10510977909368018 Burack Cynthia 2006 From Doom Town to Sin City Chick Tracts and Anti gay Political Rhetoric New Political Science 28 2 163 179 doi 10 1080 07393140600679843 S2CID 144985657 Burack Cynthia 17 April 2008 Sin Sex and Democracy Antigay Rhetoric and the Christian Right State University of New York Press ISBN 978 0 7914 7406 8 Dugan Kimberly B 2004 Strategy and Spin Opposing Movement Frames in an Anti Gay Voter Initiative Sociological Focus 37 3 213 233 doi 10 1080 00380237 2004 10571243 S2CID 143775320 Eskridge William N Jr 2000 No Promo Homo The Sedimentation of Antigay Discourse and the Channeling Effect of Judicial Review New York University Law Review 75 1327 Fetner Tina 2005 Ex Gay Rhetoric and the Politics of Sexuality The Christian Antigay Pro Family Movement s Truth in Love Ad Campaign Journal of Homosexuality 50 1 71 95 doi 10 1300 J082v50n01 04 hdl 11375 21101 PMID 16368665 S2CID 31672425 Harris W C 2006 In My Day It Used to Be Called a Limp Wrist Flip Floppers Nelly Boys and Homophobic Rhetoric in the 2004 US Presidential Campaign The Journal of American Culture 29 3 278 295 doi 10 1111 j 1542 734X 2006 00371 x Gadarian Shana Kushner van der Vort Eric 2018 The Gag Reflex Disgust Rhetoric and Gay Rights in American Politics Political Behavior 40 2 521 543 doi 10 1007 s11109 017 9412 x ISSN 1573 6687 S2CID 254937380 Kirchick James 31 May 2022 The Long Sordid History of the Gay Conspiracy Theory Intelligencer Levy Elizabeth 2013 Animus in the Closet Outing the Addiction Parallels in Anti Gay Legal Rhetoric UC Irvine Law Review 3 1 151 ISSN 2327 4514 Mazza Michael James 2009 This Fierce Geometry Uses of the Judeo Christian Bible in the Anti Abolitionist and Anti Gay Rhetoric of the United States PhD thesis University of Pittsburgh Perkins Anna Kasafi 2016 More than Words Evangelicals the Rhetoric of Battle and the Fight over Gay Rights in the Caribbean Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies 41 1 13 46 Schwartz Michael 2019 Homosexuelle Seilschaften Verrat Ein transnationales Stereotyp im 20 Jahrhundert in German De Gruyter ISBN 978 3 11 063650 5 Smith Ralph R Windes Russel R 2000 Progay Antigay SAGE ISBN 978 0 7619 1647 5 Stewart Craig O 2008 Social cognition and discourse processing goals in the analysis of ex gay rhetoric Discourse amp Society 19 1 63 83 doi 10 1177 0957926507083689 S2CID 144039300 Woods Gregory 2003 The Conspiracy of the Homintern The Gay and Lesbian Review Worldwide 10 3 11 13 ISSN 1532 1118 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