fbpx
Wikipedia

LGBT rights in Uganda

March 03, 2023

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Uganda face legal challenges, active discrimination and stigmatisation not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female homosexual activity are illegal in Uganda. Under the Penal Code, "carnal knowledge against the order of nature" between two males carries a potential penalty of life imprisonment.

LGBT rights in Uganda
StatusIllegal since 1902 (as Protectorate of Uganda)[1]: 34 
PenaltyUp to life imprisonment for "carnal knowledge against the order of nature"; 7 years imprisonment for "gross indecency".[2][3][4][5][6]
Gender identityNo
MilitaryNo
Discrimination protectionsNone
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsNo recognition of same-sex unions
RestrictionsSame-sex marriage constitutionally banned since 2005
AdoptionNo

LGBT people continue to face major discrimination in Uganda, actively encouraged by political and religious leaders.[2][7][3] Violent and brutal attacks against LGBT people are common, often performed by state officials. Households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex couples. Same-sex marriage has been constitutionally banned since 2005.

Homosexual relations were accepted and commonplace in pre-colonial Ugandan society.[8][9] The British Empire introduced laws punishing homosexuality when Uganda became a British colony. These laws were kept after independence.[8]

The Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014 was passed in 2013 and annulled in 2014. The Act carried a punishment of life in prison for "aggravated homosexuality".[10] The law brought Uganda into the international spotlight, and caused international outrage, with many governments refusing to provide further aid to Uganda.[11] In May 2021, the outgoing parliament passed further criminalization laws on both sex work and same-sex sexual activity.[12]

History

Main article: LGBT history in Uganda
 
King Mwanga II of Buganda (ruled 1884-1888 & 1889–1897) kept many male and female servants with whom he had sexual relations.

Similarly to neighbouring Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi, male homosexual relations were quite common in pre-colonial Ugandan society. Among the Baganda, Uganda's largest ethnic group, homosexuality was usually treated with indifference. King Mwanga II of Buganda was famously bisexual, known to have regular sexual relations with women, having had a total of 16 wives, as well as his male subjects whom he abused without their consent. During his reign, he increasingly regarded the Christian missionaries and the European colonial powers, notably the British, as threats.[13]

Mwanga II took a more aggressive approach than other African leaders, choosing to expel all missionaries and insist that Christian and Muslim converts abandon their faith or face death. The Luganda term abasiyazi refers to homosexuals, though usage nowadays is commonly pejorative. The Baganda were not the only ethnic group known to engage in homosexual acts. Among the Lango people, mudoko dako individuals were believed to form a "third gender" alongside male and female. The mudoko dako were effeminate men, mostly treated by Langi society as women and could marry other men without social sanctions.[13] Homosexuality was also acknowledged among the Teso, Bahima, Banyoro, and Karamojong peoples.[14] Societal acceptance disappeared after the arrival of the British and the creation of the Protectorate of Uganda.[15][8]

Presently, there is widespread denial that homosexuality was practised before colonisation. Furthermore, the false belief that homosexuality is "un-African" or "Western" is quite prevalent in Ugandan society.[8]

The term kuchu, of Swahili origin, is increasingly used by the Ugandan LGBT community. A documentary film, Call Me Kuchu, was released in 2012, focusing in part on the 2011 murder of LGBT activist David Kato.

Legality and rights

Laws prohibiting same-sex sexual acts were first put in place under British colonial rule. Those laws were enshrined in the Penal Code Act 1950 and retained following independence. The following sections of that Act are relevant:[16][17]

Section 145. Unnatural offences. Any person who—

(a) has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature; [or]
(b) has carnal knowledge of an animal; or
(c) permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of nature,

commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for life.

Section 146. Attempt to commit unnatural offences. Any person who attempts to commit any of the offences specified in section 145 commits a felony and is liable to imprisonment for seven years.

Section 148. Indecent practices. Any person who, whether in public or in private, commits any act of gross indecency with another person or procures another person to commit any act of gross indecency with him or her or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any person with himself or herself or with another person, whether in public or in private, commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for seven years.

Before the Penal Code Amendment (Gender References) Act 2000 was enacted, only same-sex acts between men were criminalized. In 2000, that Act was passed and changed references to "any male" to "any person" so that grossly indecent acts between women were criminalized as well, and are now punishable by up to seven years imprisonment. The Act also extended this criminalizing such acts to both homosexuals and heterosexuals. This effectively outlawed both oral sex and anal sex, regardless of sexual orientation, under the Penal Code.[16][17] Conservative evangelical Christian missionaries have had significant influence on the passage of anti-LGBT legislation in Uganda.[18]

Anti-Homosexuality Act

Main article: Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill

On 13 October 2009, Member of Parliament David Bahati introduced the Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2009, which would broaden the criminalization of same-sex relationships in Uganda and introduce the death penalty for serial offenders, HIV-positive people who engage in sexual activity with people of the same sex, and persons who engage in same-sex sexual acts with people under 18 years of age. Individuals or companies that promote LGBT rights would be fined or imprisoned, or both. Persons "in authority" would be required to report any offence under the Act within 24 hours or face up to three years' imprisonment.

In November 2012, Parliament Speaker Rebecca Kadaga promised to pass a revised anti-homosexuality law in December 2012. "Ugandans want that law as a Christmas gift. They have asked for it, and we'll give them that gift."[19][20] The Parliament, however, adjourned in December 2012 without acting on the bill.[21] The bill passed on 17 December 2013 with a punishment of life in prison instead of the death penalty for "aggravated homosexuality",[10] and the new law was promulgated in February 2014.[22]

In June 2014, in response to the passing of this Act, the American State Department announced several sanctions, including, among others, cuts to funding, blocking certain Ugandan officials from entering the country, cancelling aviation exercises in Uganda and supporting Ugandan LGBT NGOs.[23]

In August 2014, Uganda's Constitutional Court annulled this law on a technicality because not enough lawmakers were present to vote.[22]

Constitutional provisions

Article 21 of the Ugandan Constitution, "Equality and freedom from discrimination", guarantees protection against discriminatory legislation for all citizens. It may be that because existing criminal law addresses sodomy (oral and anal sex), and applies to all genders, that it may not be in violation of Article 21, unlike the Anti-Homosexuality Act.[24]

On 22 December 2008, the Ugandan High Court ruled that Articles 23, 24, and 27 of the Uganda Constitution apply to all people, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. Article 23 states that "No person shall be deprived of personal liberty." Article 24 states that "No person shall be subjected to any form of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment." Article 27 states that "No person shall be subjected to: (a) unlawful search of the person, home or other property of that person; or (b) unlawful entry by others of the premises of that person or property. No person shall be subjected to interference with the privacy of that person's home, correspondence, communication or other property."[25]

In November 2016, the Constitutional Court of Uganda ruled that a provision in the Equal Opportunities Commission Act was unconstitutional. This provision effectively barred the commission from investigating "any matter involving behaviour which is considered to be immoral and socially harmful, or unacceptable by the majority of the cultural and social communities in Uganda." The court ruled that the section breaches the right to a fair hearing and as well as the rights of minorities, as guaranteed in the Constitution.[26]

The court also ruled that Uganda's Parliament cannot create a class of "social misfits who are referred to as immoral, harmful and unacceptable" and cannot legislate the discrimination of such persons.[26] Following the ruling, Maria Burnett, Human Rights Watch Associate Director for East Africa, said: "Because of their work, all Ugandans should now be able to bring cases of discrimination – against their employers who fired or harassed them, or landlords who kicked them out of their homes – and finally receive a fair hearing before the commission."

Recognition of same-sex relationships

On 29 September 2005, President Yoweri Museveni signed a constitutional amendment prohibiting same-sex marriage.[27] Clause 2a of Section 31 states: "Marriage between persons of the same sex is prohibited."[28]

Recognition of transgender identity

In October 2021, trans woman Cleopatra Kambugu Kentaro was issued new ID identifying her as female. She is the first Ugandan to have a change of gender legally recognized.[29]

Further 2021 criminalization attempts

In May 2021, the outgoing parliament passed the Sexual Offenses Bill, 2019, further criminalizing sex work and gay sex in the final days of its last session.[30][31] The incoming government indicated that it would not grant assent to the bill, meaning that it would not become law.[32] On 29 July 2021, petitions by gay and human rights activists arose to President Museveni not to sign another bill into law which would further criminalize gay sex, stating that it could increase violent attacks even to people suspected of being gay.[33] In August 2021, President Museveni confirmed that he would not sign the bill into law at this time, suggesting much of its content is already covered by existing legislation and sending it back to Parliament to address these redundancies.[34] Museveni reportedly also had concerns about foreign policy implications and democratic buy-in and felt it was not politically advantageous to sign it as he had already recently won re-election.[35]

Living conditions

In 2004, the Uganda Broadcasting Council fined Radio Simba over $1,000 and forced it to issue a public apology after hosting homosexuals on a live talk show. The council's chairman, Godfrey Mutabazi, said the programme "is contrary to public morality and is not in compliance with the existing law". Information Minister Nsaba Buturo said the measure reflected Ugandans' wish to uphold "God's moral values" and "We are not going to give them the opportunity to recruit others."[36]

In 2005, Human Rights Watch reported on Uganda's abstinence until marriage programs. "By definition, ... [they] discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. For young people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender ... and cannot legally marry in Uganda ..., these messages imply, wrongly, that there is no safe way for them to have sex. They deny these people information that could save their lives. They also convey a message about the intrinsic wrongfulness of homosexual conduct that reinforces existing social stigma and prejudice to potentially devastating effect."[37]

In June 2012, the Ugandan Government announced the ban of 38 non-governmental organizations (NGO) it accused of "promoting homosexuality" and "undermining the national culture". Simon Lokodo, the country's Minister of Ethics and Integrity, claimed the NGOs were "receiving support from abroad for Uganda's homosexuals and 'recruiting' young children into homosexuality." He also said that "they are encouraging homosexuality as if it is the best form of sexual behaviour."[38] That same month, Lokodo ordered Ugandan police to break-up an LGBT rights workshop in Kampala.[39] Later in the month, the Ugandan Government, in an apparent rebuke of Lokodo, announced that it will no longer attempt to break up meetings of LGBT rights groups.[40]

The U.S. Department of State's 2011 human rights report found that:[41]

LGBT persons faced discrimination and legal restrictions. It is illegal to engage in homosexual acts.... While no persons were convicted under the law [in 2011], the government arrested persons for related offenses. For example, in July police arrested an individual for "attempting" to engage in homosexual activities. On July 15, [2011,] a court in Entebbe charged him with "indecent practices" and released him on bail. Hearing of the case was pending at year's end.

LGBT persons were subject to societal harassment, discrimination, intimidation, and threats to their well-being [in 2011] and were denied access to health services. Discriminatory practices also prevented local LBGT NGOs from registering with the NGO Board and obtaining official NGO status....

On January 26, [2011,] LGBT activist David Kato, who had successfully sued the local tabloid discussed above for the 2010 publication of his picture under the headline "Hang Them," was bludgeoned to death at his home outside Kampala. On February 2, police arrested Sidney Enock Nsubuga for Kato's murder. On November 9, Nsubuga pled guilty and was sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment.

On October 3, [2011,] the Constitutional Court heard oral arguments on a 2009 petition filed by a local human rights and LGBT activists challenging the constitutionality of Section 15(6)(d) of the Equal Opportunities Commission Act. Section 15(6)(d) prevents the Equal Opportunities Commission from investigating "any matter involving behavior which is considered to be (i) immoral and socially harmful, or (ii) unacceptable by the majority of the cultural and social communities in Uganda." The petitioner argued that this clause is discriminatory and violates the constitutional rights of minority populations. A decision was pending at year's end.

A 2018 article in African Health Sciences said that Uganda's high HIV rate has "roots" in Uganda's stigma against same-sex sexual behavior and sex work.[42]

In June 2021, a raid on the Happy Family Youth Shelter in Kampala resulted in forty-four arrests, police claiming that an illegal same-sex wedding was being held and that the participants were "doing a negligent act likely to spread infection of disease."[43] Several of the detainees then alleged that police performed invasive anal examinations on them. Thirty-nine of the 44 were released on bail after several days in detention, with the trial scheduled for 8 July.[needs update][44]

Violence and harassment

Vigilante attacks, including harassment, beatings and murder occur. Both state and non-state actors are involved in targeting those perceived as LGBT. However, the United States Department of State considers that mob violence is prevalent in many circumstances in Uganda.[a] It is directed at a range of socially disapproved individuals for actual or perceived wrongdoing, due, in the view of the State Department's report, to the community's lack of confidence in the police and judiciary.[4] Extra-judicial police actions against LGBT individuals, such as arbitrary detention, beatings and psychological coercion, meet the United Nations criteria for torture.[2][7][3][4][5][6]

Outings by newspapers

In August 2006, a Ugandan newspaper, The Red Pepper, published a list of the first names and professions (or areas of work) of forty-five allegedly gay men.[45]

In October 2010, the tabloid paper Rolling Stone published the full names, addresses, photographs, and preferred social-hangouts of 100 allegedly gay and lesbian Ugandans, accompanied by a call for their execution. David Kato, Kasha Jacqueline, and Pepe Julian Onziema, all members of the Civil Society Coalition On Human Rights and Constitutional Law, filed suit against the tabloid. A High Court judge in January 2011 issued a permanent injunction preventing Rolling Stone and its managing editor Giles Muhame from "any further publications of the identities of the persons and homes of the applicants and homosexuals generally".[46]

The court further awarded USh 1,500,000/= plus court costs to each of the plaintiffs. The judge ruled that the outing, and the accompanying incitation to violence, threatened the subjects' fundamental rights and freedoms, attacked their right to human dignity, and violated their constitutional right to privacy.[46] Kato was murdered in 2011, shortly after winning the lawsuit.[47]

LGBT rights activism

Despite the criminal laws and prevailing attitudes, the Government has not expressly banned Uganda residents from trying to change public policies and attitudes with regards to LGBT people.

The climate in Uganda is hostile to homosexuals; many political leaders have used openly anti-gay rhetoric, and have said that homosexuality is "akin to bestiality", was "brought to Uganda by white people" and is "un-African". Simon Lokodo, Minister for Ethics and Integrity, is known by Ugandan LGBT activists as "the country's main homophobe", has suggested that rape is more morally acceptable than consensual sex between people of the same sex, has accompanied violent police raids on LGBT events and actively suppresses freedom of speech and of assembly for LGBT people.[48][2][7]

Uganda's main LGBT rights organization is Sexual Minorities Uganda, founded in 2004 by Victor Mukasa and has been allowed to conduct its activities without much government interference. Frank Mugisha is the executive director and the winner of both the 2011 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award and the 2011 Rafto Prize for his work on behalf of LGBT rights in Uganda.

In late 2014, LGBT Ugandans published the first installment of Bombastic Magazine and launched the online platform Kuchu Times. These actions have been dubbed as a "Reclaiming The Media Campaign" by distinguished activist Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera. She was awarded the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders in 2011.[49]

Former Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi is the first Ugandan presidential candidate to openly oppose homophobia.[50] He ran in the 2016 presidential election and came third.

In August 2016, an LGBT event was brutally interrupted by police officers who violently attacked and beat the people present at the event, eventually arresting 16.[51] In August 2017, the organisers of Pride Uganda had to cancel the event after threats of arrest by the police and the Government.[48]

In November 2017, several police officers from the Kampala Metropolitan Police Area were ordered by police headquarters to attend a workshop on LGBT rights. A police spokesperson said: "What the training is aimed at, is to teach our field officers to appreciate that minorities have rights that should be respected."[52]

In October 2019, 28-year-old Ugandan LGBT activist Brian Wasswa was beaten to death in his own home.[3][53]

Public opinion

A 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project poll found that 96 percent of Ugandan residents believed that homosexuality is a way of life that society should not accept, which was the fifth-highest rate of non-acceptance in the 45 countries surveyed.[54] A poll conducted in 2010, however, revealed that 11 percent of Ugandans viewed homosexual behavior as being morally acceptable. Among other members of the East African Community, only 1 percent in Tanzania, 4 percent in Rwanda, and 1 percent in Kenya had the same view.[55]

A 2013 Pew Research Center opinion survey showed that 96% of Ugandans believed homosexuality should not be accepted by society, while 4% believed it should.[56] Older people were more accepting than younger people: 3% of people between 18 and 29 believed it should be accepted, 2% of people between 30 and 49 and 7% of people over 50.

In May 2015, PlanetRomeo, an LGBT social network, published its first Gay Happiness Index (GHI). Gay men from over 120 countries were asked about how they feel about society's view on homosexuality, how do they experience the way they are treated by other people and how satisfied are they with their lives. Uganda was ranked last with a GHI score of 20.[57]

A poll carried out by ILGA found attitudes towards LGBT people had significantly changed by 2017: 59% of Ugandans agreed that gay, lesbian and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as straight people, while 41% disagreed. Additionally, 56% agreed that they should be protected from workplace discrimination. 54% of Ugandans, however, said that people who are in same-sex relationships should be charged as criminals, while 34% disagreed. As for transgender people, 60% agreed that they should have the same rights, 62% believed they should be protected from employment discrimination and 53% believed they should be allowed to change their legal gender.[58] Additionally, according to that same poll, a third of Ugandans would try to "change" a neighbour's sexual orientation if they discovered they were gay.

Summary table

Same-sex sexual activity legal   (Penalty: Up to life imprisonment for "carnal knowledge against the order of nature". 7 years imprisonment for "gross indecency".)
Equal age of consent  
Anti-discrimination laws in employment only  
Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services  
Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (Incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech)  
Same-sex marriages   (Constitutional ban since 2005)
Recognition of same-sex couples  
Stepchild adoption by same-sex couples  
Joint adoption by same-sex couples  
LGBT people allowed to serve openly in the military  
Right to change legal gender  
Access to IVF for lesbians  
Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples  
MSMs allowed to donate blood  

Notes

  1. ^ The US Department of State's 2021 Country Human Rights Report: Uganda, states:[4]

    Mob violence was prevalent. Communities often resorted to mob violence due to a lack of confidence in police and the judiciary to deliver justice. They attacked and killed persons suspected of robbery, homicide, rape, theft, ritual sacrifice, and witchcraft, among other crimes. Mobs often beat, lynched, burned, and otherwise brutalized their victims. On August 30, local media reported that a mob in Fort Portal Town killed a man by cutting off his head after they found him with a stolen chicken. Police stated they would investigate the killing but did not reveal any findings by year's end.

See also

References

  1. ^ Han, Enze (3 May 2018). British Colonialism and the Criminalization of Homosexuality. Routledge. ISBN 9781351256186.
  2. ^ a b c d "Reports: Ugandan gay rights activist 'in intensive care' after brutal attack". PinkNews. 29 November 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Fitzsimons, Tim (19 October 2019). "Amid 'Kill the Gays' bill uproar, Ugandan LGBTQ activist is killed". NBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2021). "Section 6. Discrimination and Societal Abuses". 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Uganda (Report). United States Department of State. PDF available
  5. ^ a b Montgomery, Peter (27 February 2014). "Global LGBT Recap: Ugandan Law Unleashes Vigilantes, Anti-Gay Americans Want to Boost Homophobia Exports". Religion Dispatches. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  6. ^ a b Akumu, Patience (23 November 2020). "'Nowhere to go': the young LGBT+ Ugandans 'outed' during lockdown". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "Uganda's leading gay activist: We live in fear of violence, blackmail and extortion". PinkNews. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d Evaristo, Bernardine (8 March 2014). "The idea that African homosexuality was a colonial import is a myth". The Guardian.
  9. ^ . ILGA. 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Uganda MPs pass controversial anti-gay law". Al Jazeera. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  11. ^ "Will LGBT Ugandans Ever Be Free? Inside the Fight for a Queer Country". Pulitzer Center. 19 November 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  12. ^ "Uncertain future for LGBT+ rights in Uganda as controversial bill is passed". Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). 5 May 2021.
  13. ^ a b Tamale, Sylvia (2003). "Out of the Closet: Unveiling Sexuality Discourses in Uganda" (PDF). African Women's Development Fund.
  14. ^ "Are you happy or are you gay?". Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  15. ^ Scupham-bilton, Tony (8 October 2012). "Gay in the Great Lakes of Africa". The Queerstory Files.
  16. ^ a b "THE PENAL CODE ACT" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. 1950.
  17. ^ a b "THE PENAL CODE ACT" (PDF). Uganda Police Force. 1950.
  18. ^ Awondo, Patrick; Geschiere, Peter; Reid, Graeme (2012). "Homophobic Africa? Toward A More Nuanced View". African Studies Review. 55 (3): 145–168. ISSN 0002-0206.
  19. ^ "Uganda to pass anti-gay law as 'Christmas gift'". BBC News. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  20. ^ Muhumuza, Rodney (12 November 2012). . The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  21. ^ Okeowo, Alexis (18 December 2012). "Uganda's "Kill the Gays" Bill Back in Limbo". The New Yorker. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  22. ^ a b Harding, Andrew (1 August 2014). "Uganda court annuls anti-homosexuality law". BBC News. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  23. ^ Harris, Grant; Pomper, Stephen (19 June 2014). "Further U.S. Efforts to Protect Human Rights in Uganda". The White House: President Barack Obama. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  24. ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995". Uganda Legal Information Institute. 8 October 1995. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  25. ^ . Hivos. 22 December 2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  26. ^ a b Igual, Roberto (12 November 2016). "Major LGBT rights court victory in Uganda". MambaOnline. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  27. ^ "Uganda: IGLHRC Condems [sic] Uganda's Targeting of Lesbians and Gay Men; Calls Ban on Same-Sex Marriage "Legislative Overkill"". OutRight Action International. 13 October 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  28. ^ "Uganda: Constitution of the Republic of Uganda". WIPO Lex. 16 February 2006. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  29. ^ Somuah-Annan, Grace (11 October 2021). "Uganda officially recognizes first transgender citizen". 3news.com. from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  30. ^ "Uganda passes bill criminalising same-sex relationships and sex work". the Guardian. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  31. ^ Assunção, Muri. "Uganda's parliament passes legislation to further criminalize consensual same-sex relations". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  32. ^ Odoi-Oywelowo, Fox (6 June 2021). "No, Uganda is not making it illegal to be gay (again)". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  33. ^ Segawa, Nakisanze (29 July 2021). "Anti-Gay Legislation Sparks Controversy — and Fear". PML Daily. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  34. ^ "Museveni rejects sexual offences and succession Bills". Africa-Press Uganda. 18 August 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  35. ^ Wesaka, Anthony (11 May 2021). "Museveni hints at plan not to sign Sexual Offences Act". Monitor: Uganda Edition. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  36. ^ "Fine for Ugandan radio gay show". BBC News. 3 October 2004.
  37. ^ "The Less They Know, the Better" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. March 2005. p. 57. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  38. ^ Smith, David (20 June 2012). "Uganda bans 38 organisations accused of 'promoting homosexuality'". The Guardian.
  39. ^ Stewart, Colin (18 June 2012). "Uganda police raid LGBT rights workshop". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  40. ^ Stewart, Colin (22 June 2012). "In rebuke, Uganda says gays will be allowed to meet". Erasing 76 Crimes. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  41. ^ "UGANDA" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. pp. 26–27. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  42. ^ Vithalani, Jay; Herreros-Villanueva, Marta (September 2018). "HIV Epidemiology in Uganda: survey based on age, gender, number of sexual partners and frequency of testing". African Health Sciences. 18 (3): 523–530. doi:10.4314/ahs.v18i3.8. ISSN 1680-6905. PMC 6307011. PMID 30602983.
  43. ^ Lang, Nico (4 June 2021). "42 People Granted Bail Following Latest Raid Targeting Uganda's LGBTQ+ Community". them. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  44. ^ "Dozens of queer Ugandans finally freed on bail after police 'witch hunt'". PinkNews. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  45. ^ "Ugandan 'gay' name list condemned". BBC News. 8 September 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  46. ^ a b . Human Rights First. 4 January 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  47. ^ "Obituary: Uganda gay activist David Kato". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
  48. ^ a b Igual, Roberto (17 August 2017). "Pride Uganda cancelled in wake of police and government threats". MambaOnline. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  49. ^ "Uganda gay activist Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera hailed". BBC News. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  50. ^ "Uganda has its first presidential candidate who opposes homophobia". 20 July 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  51. ^ Igual, Roberto (6 August 2016). "Rest of Uganda Pride postponed following brutal police crackdown". MambaOnline. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  52. ^ Igual, Roberto (17 November 2017). "Uganda | Surprise as police trained to protect LGBT people". MambaOnline. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  53. ^ Giardina, Henry (14 May 2021). "Ugandan LGBTQ+ activist speaks out: "every day you leave your home and aren't certain if you'll make it back"". INTO. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  54. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  55. ^ (PDF). The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 15 April 2010. p. 276. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  56. ^ "The Global Divide on Homosexuality". Pew Research Center: Global Attitudes & Trends. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  57. ^ "Gay Happiness Index". ROMEO. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  58. ^ ILGA-RIWI Global Attitudes Survey ILGA, October 2017

External links

  • Ugandan media, politicians campaign against homosexuality. Carolyn Dunn, CBC News, last updated 26 Nov 2010.
  • Anti-Gay Fervor in Uganda Tied to Right-Wing US Evangelicals – video report by Democracy Now!
  • "
  • Slouching toward Kampala/ "History of Uganda's Anti Gay Bill and The American Religious Right Involvement"

March 03, 2023
lgbt, rights, uganda, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, lgbt, persons, uganda, face, legal, challenges, active, discrimination, stigmatisation, experienced, lgbt, residents, both, male, female, homosexual, activity, illegal, uganda, under, penal, code, carnal, k. Lesbian gay bisexual and transgender LGBT persons in Uganda face legal challenges active discrimination and stigmatisation not experienced by non LGBT residents Both male and female homosexual activity are illegal in Uganda Under the Penal Code carnal knowledge against the order of nature between two males carries a potential penalty of life imprisonment LGBT rights in UgandaStatusIllegal since 1902 as Protectorate of Uganda 1 34 PenaltyUp to life imprisonment for carnal knowledge against the order of nature 7 years imprisonment for gross indecency 2 3 4 5 6 Gender identityNoMilitaryNoDiscrimination protectionsNoneFamily rightsRecognition of relationshipsNo recognition of same sex unionsRestrictionsSame sex marriage constitutionally banned since 2005AdoptionNoLGBT people continue to face major discrimination in Uganda actively encouraged by political and religious leaders 2 7 3 Violent and brutal attacks against LGBT people are common often performed by state officials Households headed by same sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite sex couples Same sex marriage has been constitutionally banned since 2005 Homosexual relations were accepted and commonplace in pre colonial Ugandan society 8 9 The British Empire introduced laws punishing homosexuality when Uganda became a British colony These laws were kept after independence 8 The Uganda Anti Homosexuality Act 2014 was passed in 2013 and annulled in 2014 The Act carried a punishment of life in prison for aggravated homosexuality 10 The law brought Uganda into the international spotlight and caused international outrage with many governments refusing to provide further aid to Uganda 11 In May 2021 the outgoing parliament passed further criminalization laws on both sex work and same sex sexual activity 12 Contents 1 History 2 Legality and rights 2 1 Anti Homosexuality Act 2 2 Constitutional provisions 2 3 Recognition of same sex relationships 2 4 Recognition of transgender identity 2 5 Further 2021 criminalization attempts 3 Living conditions 3 1 Violence and harassment 3 2 Outings by newspapers 4 LGBT rights activism 5 Public opinion 5 1 Summary table 6 Notes 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditMain article LGBT history in Uganda King Mwanga II of Buganda ruled 1884 1888 amp 1889 1897 kept many male and female servants with whom he had sexual relations Similarly to neighbouring Kenya Rwanda and Burundi male homosexual relations were quite common in pre colonial Ugandan society Among the Baganda Uganda s largest ethnic group homosexuality was usually treated with indifference King Mwanga II of Buganda was famously bisexual known to have regular sexual relations with women having had a total of 16 wives as well as his male subjects whom he abused without their consent During his reign he increasingly regarded the Christian missionaries and the European colonial powers notably the British as threats 13 Mwanga II took a more aggressive approach than other African leaders choosing to expel all missionaries and insist that Christian and Muslim converts abandon their faith or face death The Luganda term abasiyazi refers to homosexuals though usage nowadays is commonly pejorative The Baganda were not the only ethnic group known to engage in homosexual acts Among the Lango people mudoko dako individuals were believed to form a third gender alongside male and female The mudoko dako were effeminate men mostly treated by Langi society as women and could marry other men without social sanctions 13 Homosexuality was also acknowledged among the Teso Bahima Banyoro and Karamojong peoples 14 Societal acceptance disappeared after the arrival of the British and the creation of the Protectorate of Uganda 15 8 Presently there is widespread denial that homosexuality was practised before colonisation Furthermore the false belief that homosexuality is un African or Western is quite prevalent in Ugandan society 8 The term kuchu of Swahili origin is increasingly used by the Ugandan LGBT community A documentary film Call Me Kuchu was released in 2012 focusing in part on the 2011 murder of LGBT activist David Kato Legality and rights EditLaws prohibiting same sex sexual acts were first put in place under British colonial rule Those laws were enshrined in the Penal Code Act 1950 and retained following independence The following sections of that Act are relevant 16 17 Section 145 Unnatural offences Any person who a has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature or b has carnal knowledge of an animal or c permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of nature commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for life Section 146 Attempt to commit unnatural offences Any person who attempts to commit any of the offences specified in section 145 commits a felony and is liable to imprisonment for seven years Section 148 Indecent practices Any person who whether in public or in private commits any act of gross indecency with another person or procures another person to commit any act of gross indecency with him or her or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any person with himself or herself or with another person whether in public or in private commits an offence and is liable to imprisonment for seven years Before the Penal Code Amendment Gender References Act 2000 was enacted only same sex acts between men were criminalized In 2000 that Act was passed and changed references to any male to any person so that grossly indecent acts between women were criminalized as well and are now punishable by up to seven years imprisonment The Act also extended this criminalizing such acts to both homosexuals and heterosexuals This effectively outlawed both oral sex and anal sex regardless of sexual orientation under the Penal Code 16 17 Conservative evangelical Christian missionaries have had significant influence on the passage of anti LGBT legislation in Uganda 18 Anti Homosexuality Act Edit Main article Uganda Anti Homosexuality Bill On 13 October 2009 Member of Parliament David Bahati introduced the Anti Homosexuality Act 2009 which would broaden the criminalization of same sex relationships in Uganda and introduce the death penalty for serial offenders HIV positive people who engage in sexual activity with people of the same sex and persons who engage in same sex sexual acts with people under 18 years of age Individuals or companies that promote LGBT rights would be fined or imprisoned or both Persons in authority would be required to report any offence under the Act within 24 hours or face up to three years imprisonment In November 2012 Parliament Speaker Rebecca Kadaga promised to pass a revised anti homosexuality law in December 2012 Ugandans want that law as a Christmas gift They have asked for it and we ll give them that gift 19 20 The Parliament however adjourned in December 2012 without acting on the bill 21 The bill passed on 17 December 2013 with a punishment of life in prison instead of the death penalty for aggravated homosexuality 10 and the new law was promulgated in February 2014 22 In June 2014 in response to the passing of this Act the American State Department announced several sanctions including among others cuts to funding blocking certain Ugandan officials from entering the country cancelling aviation exercises in Uganda and supporting Ugandan LGBT NGOs 23 In August 2014 Uganda s Constitutional Court annulled this law on a technicality because not enough lawmakers were present to vote 22 Constitutional provisions Edit Article 21 of the Ugandan Constitution Equality and freedom from discrimination guarantees protection against discriminatory legislation for all citizens It may be that because existing criminal law addresses sodomy oral and anal sex and applies to all genders that it may not be in violation of Article 21 unlike the Anti Homosexuality Act 24 On 22 December 2008 the Ugandan High Court ruled that Articles 23 24 and 27 of the Uganda Constitution apply to all people regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity or expression Article 23 states that No person shall be deprived of personal liberty Article 24 states that No person shall be subjected to any form of torture cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Article 27 states that No person shall be subjected to a unlawful search of the person home or other property of that person or b unlawful entry by others of the premises of that person or property No person shall be subjected to interference with the privacy of that person s home correspondence communication or other property 25 In November 2016 the Constitutional Court of Uganda ruled that a provision in the Equal Opportunities Commission Act was unconstitutional This provision effectively barred the commission from investigating any matter involving behaviour which is considered to be immoral and socially harmful or unacceptable by the majority of the cultural and social communities in Uganda The court ruled that the section breaches the right to a fair hearing and as well as the rights of minorities as guaranteed in the Constitution 26 The court also ruled that Uganda s Parliament cannot create a class of social misfits who are referred to as immoral harmful and unacceptable and cannot legislate the discrimination of such persons 26 Following the ruling Maria Burnett Human Rights Watch Associate Director for East Africa said Because of their work all Ugandans should now be able to bring cases of discrimination against their employers who fired or harassed them or landlords who kicked them out of their homes and finally receive a fair hearing before the commission Recognition of same sex relationships Edit On 29 September 2005 President Yoweri Museveni signed a constitutional amendment prohibiting same sex marriage 27 Clause 2a of Section 31 states Marriage between persons of the same sex is prohibited 28 Recognition of transgender identity Edit In October 2021 trans woman Cleopatra Kambugu Kentaro was issued new ID identifying her as female She is the first Ugandan to have a change of gender legally recognized 29 Further 2021 criminalization attempts Edit In May 2021 the outgoing parliament passed the Sexual Offenses Bill 2019 further criminalizing sex work and gay sex in the final days of its last session 30 31 The incoming government indicated that it would not grant assent to the bill meaning that it would not become law 32 On 29 July 2021 petitions by gay and human rights activists arose to President Museveni not to sign another bill into law which would further criminalize gay sex stating that it could increase violent attacks even to people suspected of being gay 33 In August 2021 President Museveni confirmed that he would not sign the bill into law at this time suggesting much of its content is already covered by existing legislation and sending it back to Parliament to address these redundancies 34 Museveni reportedly also had concerns about foreign policy implications and democratic buy in and felt it was not politically advantageous to sign it as he had already recently won re election 35 Living conditions EditIn 2004 the Uganda Broadcasting Council fined Radio Simba over 1 000 and forced it to issue a public apology after hosting homosexuals on a live talk show The council s chairman Godfrey Mutabazi said the programme is contrary to public morality and is not in compliance with the existing law Information Minister Nsaba Buturo said the measure reflected Ugandans wish to uphold God s moral values and We are not going to give them the opportunity to recruit others 36 In 2005 Human Rights Watch reported on Uganda s abstinence until marriage programs By definition they discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation For young people who are lesbian gay bisexual or transgender and cannot legally marry in Uganda these messages imply wrongly that there is no safe way for them to have sex They deny these people information that could save their lives They also convey a message about the intrinsic wrongfulness of homosexual conduct that reinforces existing social stigma and prejudice to potentially devastating effect 37 In June 2012 the Ugandan Government announced the ban of 38 non governmental organizations NGO it accused of promoting homosexuality and undermining the national culture Simon Lokodo the country s Minister of Ethics and Integrity claimed the NGOs were receiving support from abroad for Uganda s homosexuals and recruiting young children into homosexuality He also said that they are encouraging homosexuality as if it is the best form of sexual behaviour 38 That same month Lokodo ordered Ugandan police to break up an LGBT rights workshop in Kampala 39 Later in the month the Ugandan Government in an apparent rebuke of Lokodo announced that it will no longer attempt to break up meetings of LGBT rights groups 40 The U S Department of State s 2011 human rights report found that 41 LGBT persons faced discrimination and legal restrictions It is illegal to engage in homosexual acts While no persons were convicted under the law in 2011 the government arrested persons for related offenses For example in July police arrested an individual for attempting to engage in homosexual activities On July 15 2011 a court in Entebbe charged him with indecent practices and released him on bail Hearing of the case was pending at year s end LGBT persons were subject to societal harassment discrimination intimidation and threats to their well being in 2011 and were denied access to health services Discriminatory practices also prevented local LBGT NGOs from registering with the NGO Board and obtaining official NGO status On January 26 2011 LGBT activist David Kato who had successfully sued the local tabloid discussed above for the 2010 publication of his picture under the headline Hang Them was bludgeoned to death at his home outside Kampala On February 2 police arrested Sidney Enock Nsubuga for Kato s murder On November 9 Nsubuga pled guilty and was sentenced to 30 years imprisonment On October 3 2011 the Constitutional Court heard oral arguments on a 2009 petition filed by a local human rights and LGBT activists challenging the constitutionality of Section 15 6 d of the Equal Opportunities Commission Act Section 15 6 d prevents the Equal Opportunities Commission from investigating any matter involving behavior which is considered to be i immoral and socially harmful or ii unacceptable by the majority of the cultural and social communities in Uganda The petitioner argued that this clause is discriminatory and violates the constitutional rights of minority populations A decision was pending at year s end A 2018 article in African Health Sciences said that Uganda s high HIV rate has roots in Uganda s stigma against same sex sexual behavior and sex work 42 In June 2021 a raid on the Happy Family Youth Shelter in Kampala resulted in forty four arrests police claiming that an illegal same sex wedding was being held and that the participants were doing a negligent act likely to spread infection of disease 43 Several of the detainees then alleged that police performed invasive anal examinations on them Thirty nine of the 44 were released on bail after several days in detention with the trial scheduled for 8 July needs update 44 Violence and harassment Edit Vigilante attacks including harassment beatings and murder occur Both state and non state actors are involved in targeting those perceived as LGBT However the United States Department of State considers that mob violence is prevalent in many circumstances in Uganda a It is directed at a range of socially disapproved individuals for actual or perceived wrongdoing due in the view of the State Department s report to the community s lack of confidence in the police and judiciary 4 Extra judicial police actions against LGBT individuals such as arbitrary detention beatings and psychological coercion meet the United Nations criteria for torture 2 7 3 4 5 6 Outings by newspapers Edit In August 2006 a Ugandan newspaper The Red Pepper published a list of the first names and professions or areas of work of forty five allegedly gay men 45 In October 2010 the tabloid paper Rolling Stone published the full names addresses photographs and preferred social hangouts of 100 allegedly gay and lesbian Ugandans accompanied by a call for their execution David Kato Kasha Jacqueline and Pepe Julian Onziema all members of the Civil Society Coalition On Human Rights and Constitutional Law filed suit against the tabloid A High Court judge in January 2011 issued a permanent injunction preventing Rolling Stone and its managing editor Giles Muhame from any further publications of the identities of the persons and homes of the applicants and homosexuals generally 46 The court further awarded USh 1 500 000 plus court costs to each of the plaintiffs The judge ruled that the outing and the accompanying incitation to violence threatened the subjects fundamental rights and freedoms attacked their right to human dignity and violated their constitutional right to privacy 46 Kato was murdered in 2011 shortly after winning the lawsuit 47 LGBT rights activism EditDespite the criminal laws and prevailing attitudes the Government has not expressly banned Uganda residents from trying to change public policies and attitudes with regards to LGBT people The climate in Uganda is hostile to homosexuals many political leaders have used openly anti gay rhetoric and have said that homosexuality is akin to bestiality was brought to Uganda by white people and is un African Simon Lokodo Minister for Ethics and Integrity is known by Ugandan LGBT activists as the country s main homophobe has suggested that rape is more morally acceptable than consensual sex between people of the same sex has accompanied violent police raids on LGBT events and actively suppresses freedom of speech and of assembly for LGBT people 48 2 7 Uganda s main LGBT rights organization is Sexual Minorities Uganda founded in 2004 by Victor Mukasa and has been allowed to conduct its activities without much government interference Frank Mugisha is the executive director and the winner of both the 2011 Robert F Kennedy Human Rights Award and the 2011 Rafto Prize for his work on behalf of LGBT rights in Uganda In late 2014 LGBT Ugandans published the first installment of Bombastic Magazine and launched the online platform Kuchu Times These actions have been dubbed as a Reclaiming The Media Campaign by distinguished activist Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera She was awarded the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders in 2011 49 Former Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi is the first Ugandan presidential candidate to openly oppose homophobia 50 He ran in the 2016 presidential election and came third In August 2016 an LGBT event was brutally interrupted by police officers who violently attacked and beat the people present at the event eventually arresting 16 51 In August 2017 the organisers of Pride Uganda had to cancel the event after threats of arrest by the police and the Government 48 In November 2017 several police officers from the Kampala Metropolitan Police Area were ordered by police headquarters to attend a workshop on LGBT rights A police spokesperson said What the training is aimed at is to teach our field officers to appreciate that minorities have rights that should be respected 52 In October 2019 28 year old Ugandan LGBT activist Brian Wasswa was beaten to death in his own home 3 53 Public opinion EditA 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project poll found that 96 percent of Ugandan residents believed that homosexuality is a way of life that society should not accept which was the fifth highest rate of non acceptance in the 45 countries surveyed 54 A poll conducted in 2010 however revealed that 11 percent of Ugandans viewed homosexual behavior as being morally acceptable Among other members of the East African Community only 1 percent in Tanzania 4 percent in Rwanda and 1 percent in Kenya had the same view 55 A 2013 Pew Research Center opinion survey showed that 96 of Ugandans believed homosexuality should not be accepted by society while 4 believed it should 56 Older people were more accepting than younger people 3 of people between 18 and 29 believed it should be accepted 2 of people between 30 and 49 and 7 of people over 50 In May 2015 PlanetRomeo an LGBT social network published its first Gay Happiness Index GHI Gay men from over 120 countries were asked about how they feel about society s view on homosexuality how do they experience the way they are treated by other people and how satisfied are they with their lives Uganda was ranked last with a GHI score of 20 57 A poll carried out by ILGA found attitudes towards LGBT people had significantly changed by 2017 59 of Ugandans agreed that gay lesbian and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as straight people while 41 disagreed Additionally 56 agreed that they should be protected from workplace discrimination 54 of Ugandans however said that people who are in same sex relationships should be charged as criminals while 34 disagreed As for transgender people 60 agreed that they should have the same rights 62 believed they should be protected from employment discrimination and 53 believed they should be allowed to change their legal gender 58 Additionally according to that same poll a third of Ugandans would try to change a neighbour s sexual orientation if they discovered they were gay Summary table Edit Same sex sexual activity legal Penalty Up to life imprisonment for carnal knowledge against the order of nature 7 years imprisonment for gross indecency Equal age of consent Anti discrimination laws in employment only Anti discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services Anti discrimination laws in all other areas Incl indirect discrimination hate speech Same sex marriages Constitutional ban since 2005 Recognition of same sex couples Stepchild adoption by same sex couples Joint adoption by same sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in the military Right to change legal gender Access to IVF for lesbians Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples MSMs allowed to donate blood Notes Edit The US Department of State s 2021 Country Human Rights Report Uganda states 4 Mob violence was prevalent Communities often resorted to mob violence due to a lack of confidence in police and the judiciary to deliver justice They attacked and killed persons suspected of robbery homicide rape theft ritual sacrifice and witchcraft among other crimes Mobs often beat lynched burned and otherwise brutalized their victims On August 30 local media reported that a mob in Fort Portal Town killed a man by cutting off his head after they found him with a stolen chicken Police stated they would investigate the killing but did not reveal any findings by year s end See also EditHuman rights in Uganda Intersex rights in Uganda LGBT rights in AfricaReferences Edit Han Enze 3 May 2018 British Colonialism and the Criminalization of Homosexuality Routledge ISBN 9781351256186 a b c d Reports Ugandan gay rights activist in intensive care after brutal attack PinkNews 29 November 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2021 a b c d Fitzsimons Tim 19 October 2019 Amid Kill the Gays bill uproar Ugandan LGBTQ activist is killed NBC News Retrieved 17 January 2020 a b c d Bureau of Democracy Human Rights and Labor 2021 Section 6 Discrimination and Societal Abuses 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Uganda Report United States Department of State PDF available a b Montgomery Peter 27 February 2014 Global LGBT Recap Ugandan Law Unleashes Vigilantes Anti Gay Americans Want to Boost Homophobia Exports Religion Dispatches Retrieved 9 September 2022 a b Akumu Patience 23 November 2020 Nowhere to go the young LGBT Ugandans outed during lockdown The Guardian Retrieved 9 September 2022 a b c Uganda s leading gay activist We live in fear of violence blackmail and extortion PinkNews 3 December 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2021 a b c d Evaristo Bernardine 8 March 2014 The idea that African homosexuality was a colonial import is a myth The Guardian UGANDAN DOCUMENTARY ON GAY LOVE IN PRE COLONIAL AFRICA ILGA 8 June 2012 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 a b Uganda MPs pass controversial anti gay law Al Jazeera 21 December 2013 Retrieved 11 April 2014 Will LGBT Ugandans Ever Be Free Inside the Fight for a Queer Country Pulitzer Center 19 November 2017 Retrieved 30 July 2019 Uncertain future for LGBT rights in Uganda as controversial bill is passed Deutsche Welle www dw com 5 May 2021 a b Tamale Sylvia 2003 Out of the Closet Unveiling Sexuality Discourses in Uganda PDF African Women s Development Fund Are you happy or are you gay Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya 6 December 2016 Retrieved 3 April 2020 Scupham bilton Tony 8 October 2012 Gay in the Great Lakes of Africa The Queerstory Files a b THE PENAL CODE ACT PDF World Intellectual Property Organization 1950 a b THE PENAL CODE ACT PDF Uganda Police Force 1950 Awondo Patrick Geschiere Peter Reid Graeme 2012 Homophobic Africa Toward A More Nuanced View African Studies Review 55 3 145 168 ISSN 0002 0206 Uganda to pass anti gay law as Christmas gift BBC News 13 November 2012 Retrieved 12 December 2012 Muhumuza Rodney 12 November 2012 Uganda s Anti Gay Bill To Pass This Year Official The Huffington Post Archived from the original on 3 October 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2012 Okeowo Alexis 18 December 2012 Uganda s Kill the Gays Bill Back in Limbo The New Yorker Retrieved 3 April 2020 a b Harding Andrew 1 August 2014 Uganda court annuls anti homosexuality law BBC News Retrieved 1 August 2014 Harris Grant Pomper Stephen 19 June 2014 Further U S Efforts to Protect Human Rights in Uganda The White House President Barack Obama Retrieved 7 January 2017 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 Uganda Legal Information Institute 8 October 1995 Retrieved 3 April 2020 Victory for LGBTs in Uganda court case Hivos 22 December 2008 Archived from the original on 23 July 2012 Retrieved 12 December 2012 a b Igual Roberto 12 November 2016 Major LGBT rights court victory in Uganda MambaOnline Retrieved 7 January 2017 Uganda IGLHRC Condems sic Uganda s Targeting of Lesbians and Gay Men Calls Ban on Same Sex Marriage Legislative Overkill OutRight Action International 13 October 2005 Retrieved 7 January 2017 Uganda Constitution of the Republic of Uganda WIPO Lex 16 February 2006 Retrieved 7 January 2017 Somuah Annan Grace 11 October 2021 Uganda officially recognizes first transgender citizen 3news com Archived from the original on 11 October 2021 Retrieved 14 October 2021 Uganda passes bill criminalising same sex relationships and sex work the Guardian 5 May 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2021 Assuncao Muri Uganda s parliament passes legislation to further criminalize consensual same sex relations nydailynews com Retrieved 31 May 2021 Odoi Oywelowo Fox 6 June 2021 No Uganda is not making it illegal to be gay again Al Jazeera Retrieved 21 August 2022 Segawa Nakisanze 29 July 2021 Anti Gay Legislation Sparks Controversy and Fear PML Daily Retrieved 29 July 2021 Museveni rejects sexual offences and succession Bills Africa Press Uganda 18 August 2021 Retrieved 21 May 2021 Wesaka Anthony 11 May 2021 Museveni hints at plan not to sign Sexual Offences Act Monitor Uganda Edition Retrieved 21 August 2022 Fine for Ugandan radio gay show BBC News 3 October 2004 The Less They Know the Better PDF Human Rights Watch March 2005 p 57 Retrieved 12 December 2012 Smith David 20 June 2012 Uganda bans 38 organisations accused of promoting homosexuality The Guardian Stewart Colin 18 June 2012 Uganda police raid LGBT rights workshop Erasing 76 Crimes Retrieved 12 December 2012 Stewart Colin 22 June 2012 In rebuke Uganda says gays will be allowed to meet Erasing 76 Crimes Retrieved 12 December 2012 UGANDA PDF U S Department of State pp 26 27 Retrieved 12 December 2012 Vithalani Jay Herreros Villanueva Marta September 2018 HIV Epidemiology in Uganda survey based on age gender number of sexual partners and frequency of testing African Health Sciences 18 3 523 530 doi 10 4314 ahs v18i3 8 ISSN 1680 6905 PMC 6307011 PMID 30602983 Lang Nico 4 June 2021 42 People Granted Bail Following Latest Raid Targeting Uganda s LGBTQ Community them Retrieved 8 June 2021 Dozens of queer Ugandans finally freed on bail after police witch hunt PinkNews 5 June 2021 Retrieved 8 June 2021 Ugandan gay name list condemned BBC News 8 September 2006 Retrieved 12 December 2012 a b Court Affirms Rights of Ugandan Gays Human Rights First 4 January 2011 Archived from the original on 21 April 2019 Retrieved 12 December 2012 Obituary Uganda gay activist David Kato bbc co uk BBC 27 January 2011 Retrieved 29 January 2011 a b Igual Roberto 17 August 2017 Pride Uganda cancelled in wake of police and government threats MambaOnline Retrieved 3 April 2020 Uganda gay activist Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera hailed BBC News 4 May 2011 Retrieved 15 October 2011 Uganda has its first presidential candidate who opposes homophobia 20 July 2015 Retrieved 7 January 2017 Igual Roberto 6 August 2016 Rest of Uganda Pride postponed following brutal police crackdown MambaOnline Retrieved 3 April 2020 Igual Roberto 17 November 2017 Uganda Surprise as police trained to protect LGBT people MambaOnline Retrieved 3 April 2020 Giardina Henry 14 May 2021 Ugandan LGBTQ activist speaks out every day you leave your home and aren t certain if you ll make it back INTO Retrieved 17 May 2021 Pew Global Attitudes Project pp 35 85 and 117 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 14 February 2010 Retrieved 3 December 2009 Tolerance and Tension Islam and Christianity in Sub Saharan Africa PDF The Pew Forum on Religion amp Public Life 15 April 2010 p 276 Archived from the original PDF on 16 January 2013 Retrieved 7 January 2017 The Global Divide on Homosexuality Pew Research Center Global Attitudes amp Trends 4 June 2013 Retrieved 8 January 2017 Gay Happiness Index ROMEO Retrieved 3 April 2020 ILGA RIWI Global Attitudes Survey ILGA October 2017External links EditStatement of Vice President of Integrity Uganda an Episcopal LGBT rights group Summary of issues facing LGBT people in Uganda Ugandan media politicians campaign against homosexuality Carolyn Dunn CBC News last updated 26 Nov 2010 Anti Gay Fervor in Uganda Tied to Right Wing US Evangelicals video report by Democracy Now Exporting Homophobia American far right conservative churches establish influence on anti gay policy in Africa Gay Ugandans face daily fear for their lives Boise Weekly Feature 8 Sep 2010 US Religious Right Behind Ugandas Anti Gay Law Video Rev Kapya Kaoma Slouching toward Kampala History of Uganda s Anti Gay Bill and The American Religious Right Involvement Portals LGBT Uganda Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title LGBT rights in Uganda amp oldid 1134686179, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.