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Wikipedia

Gazeta Wyborcza

April 24, 2023

Gazeta Wyborcza (Polish pronunciation: [ɡaˈzɛta vɨˈbɔrtʂa]; The Electoral Gazette in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland. Launched on May 8, 1989, as the first Polish daily newspaper after the transformation. The newspaper was founded on the basis of the Polish Round Table Agreement, as a press organ of the trade union "Solidarity" in the election campaign before the Contract Sejm[10][11] (in 1990, the union broke ties).

Gazeta Wyborcza
There Is No Freedom without Solidarity[1]
Headquarters of Agora, the publisher of Gazeta Wyborcza in Warsaw
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatCompact
Founder(s)
  • Adam Michnik
  • Helena Łuczywo
  • Piotr Niemczycki
  • Juliusz Rawicz
  • Ernest Skalski
PublisherAgora
Editor-in-chiefAdam Michnik
Deputy editorJarosław Kurski
Associate editor
  • Mikołaj Chrzan
  • Roman Imielski
  • Aleksandra Sobczak
  • Piotr Stasiński
  • Bartosz T. Wieliński[2]
Managing editorWojciech Bartkowiak[3]
FoundedMay 8, 1989; 33 years ago (1989-05-08)
Political alignmentLiberalism[4][5][6][7]
LanguagePolish
HeadquartersWarsaw
CityWarsaw
CountryPoland
Circulation53,190 (Print, August 2021)[8]
218,000[9] (Digital, 2019)
ISSN0860-908X
Websitewyborcza.pl

It's published by Agora, with its original editor-in-chief Adam Michnik,[12][13] appointed by Lech Wałęsa,[14] Gazeta Wyborcza is one of Poland's newspapers of record, covering the gamut of political, international and general news from a liberal perspective.[15][16][17]

As of June 2022, Gazeta Wyborcza had over 290,000 digital subscribers,[18] and 80,000 print sales.[19] In 2020, Gazeta Wyborcza was the 10th most read newspaper in Europe.[20]

History and profile

Founding

Gazeta Wyborcza was established in accordance with the arrangements of the Round Table,[21][22] as a press organ of the Solidarity Civic Committee in the election campaign before the parliamentary elections in 1989.[23] Initially, the daily was to be called Gazeta Codzienna, and the adjective "election" was to function only during the election campaign  . The first eight-page issue was published on May 8, 1989, in a circulation of 150,000 copies.[24]

Gazeta Wyborcza was first published on 8 May 1989,[25] under the rhyming masthead motto, "Nie ma wolności bez Solidarności" ("There's no freedom without Solidarity"). The founders were Andrzej Wajda, Aleksander Paszyński and Zbigniew Bujak.[26] Its founding was an outcome of the Polish Round Table Agreement between the communist government of the People's Republic of Poland and political opponents centred on the Solidarity movement. It was initially owned by Agora SA.[27] Later the American company Cox Communications partially bought the daily.[27]

The paper was to serve as the voice of the Solidarity movement during the run-up to the 1989 parliamentary elections (hence its title). As such, it was the first legal newspaper published outside the government's control since its founding of regime in the late 1940s.

It was prepared by 20 journalists, most previously associated with the underground weekly Tygodnik Mazowsze. Michnik convinced Wałęsa to name him the editor-in-chief.[24][28] Helena Łuczywo and Ernest Skalski became Michnik's deputies.[24] The first editorial office was located in a former kindergarten in Mokotów.[29]

According to the editors, the first edition was small (150,000 copies) and relatively expensive due to the limited supplies of paper made available by the government. A year and a half later, the daily run had reached 500,000 copies. In September 1990, during the breakup of the Solidarity camp following the collapse of the communist government, Wałęsa revoked the paper's right to use the Solidarity logo on its masthead.[30] Since then, the Gazeta Wyborcza has been an independent newspaper broadly aligned with the centre-left and liberal position.[31]

 
Adam Michnik in 1991.

After the Round Table talks during the presidential crisis, on July 3, 1989, an article by Michnik, with the headline: "Your president, our prime minister," where he opted for the election of the president on the recommendation of the Polish United Workers' Party and at the same time entrusting the mission of forming a government to a representative of the "Solidarity,"[32] postulating "an alliance of the democratic opposition with the reformist wing of the ruling camp." This proposal is currently interpreted as a proof of sensing the aspirations of the Solidarity camp to take over more power than was agreed at the Round Table,[33] but officially met with opposition.[24] Nevertheless, it was actually implemented: while Wojciech Jaruzelski, the current First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, took over the position of president, the opposition, thanks to the votes of former allies of the communist party, formed the first non-communist government in Eastern Europe with Tadeusz Mazowiecki as prime minister.[34][35]

From the second half of 1989, the environment concentrated in the editorial office of Wyborcza sympathized with the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki , and at the same time was in conflict with the representatives of Tygodnik Solidarność.[24] These antagonisms correlated with the political conflict known as the "War on the Mountain", during which Wałęsa allied himself with the Civic Committee faction represented by the brothers Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński against Mazowiecki.[32][36] Adam Michnik supported the Prime Minister's environment, as a result of which, in September 1990, the National Commission of "Solidarity" adopted a resolution aimed at taking away Wyborcza the right to place the "Solidarity" stamp on the vignette. It was argued that "the bias of articles aimed at discrediting and ridiculing the chairman of Lech Wałęsa" and explaining that " Gazeta is not an information organ of "S", but a private company."

At that time, Tygodnik Solidarność, whose editor-in-chief at the time was Jarosław Kaczyński,[37] published columns by columnists such as Romuald Szeremietiew,[38] who accused the newspaper of manipulating information, including concealing events . As a result, the daily lost the right to use the union's logo and the slogan "There is no freedom without Solidarity". In addition, Wałęsa demanded the dismissal of Michnik (since July 1990 belonging to the Movement of Citizens, Democratic Action party ) from the post of editor-in-chief. Michnik resigned, but his resignation was not accepted by the members of the editorial office, and therefore he remained in office.[24] A group of former oppositionists associated with Lech Wałęsa left the editorial office, which was the result of a dispute within the editorial office with a group of post-Solidarity circles representing different views.[39]

Controversies

In the following years, Wyborcza's publications contributed to the disclosure of socio-political events in Poland. The daily began a journalistic investigation into the 1997 "gelatin scandal," a monopoly scam which included an entrepreneur Kazimierz Grabek.[40]

Rywin affair

Main article: Rywin affair

On December 27, 2002, Wyborcza published an article "An act for a bribe. Rywin comes to Michnik," related to an attempt to bribe the editor-in-chief of the newspaper by the film producer Lew Rywin. The aim of Rywin's actions, who presented himself as a representative of the "group holding power", was to persuade Michnik to support the law prepared by the ruling Alliance of the Democratic Left, preventing the expansion of media companies to electronic media.[41] Smoleński's article initiated the Rywin affair , which resulted in the appointment of a parliamentary investigative commission.[24] Together with other corruption scandals plaguing the country, the Rywin affair plunged the government of Leszek Miller,[42][43] but Michnik himself - also screened by the commission in terms of business connections with Agora - met with a wave of criticism from other media.[44]

In 2003, a Polish film producer Lew Rywin was accused by Gazeta Wyborcza of attempted bribery after he had allegedly solicited a bribe of $17.5 million from the editor Adam Michnik in exchange for amendments to a draft media legislation. The adoption of the draft law in the government's original form would have prevented Agora S.A. from purchasing Polsat, one of Poland's private TV stations. The case, dubbed the Rywin affair, led to an official inquiry by the Polish Parliament. Consequently, Lew Rywin was sentenced for attempting to influence the parliamentary legislative process aimed at enabling a Polish media company to buy a television station. The controversial draft legislation ended up being rejected by the Polish parliament.

Other major reports

A newspaper article from January 23, 2002 revealed an affair regarding the killing of patients by the employees of the Lodz ambulance service and the sale of information about deaths to funeral parlors.[45]

An April 2004 report revealed irregularities related to the detention by the State Protection Office of the president of PKN Orlen, Andrzej Modrzejewski, and depriving him of his position in February 2002, initiating the Orlen scandal . The parliamentary investigative committee showed unclear interests in the then attempted privatization of Orlen,[46] and Zbigniew Siemiątkowski, the head of the UOP responsible for arresting Modrzejewski, was convicted by a final judgment for abuse of power.[47]

As a result of the article from December 4, 2006 entitled "Work for sex in Self-Defense," another political and moral scandal called the sex scandal broke out . Kącki revealed that Andrzej Lepper, president of the Samoobrona RP party and incumbent deputy prime minister, allegedly employed young women in party offices in exchange for sex.[48]

Criticism

Gazeta Wyborcza used its influence to whitewash former communists, particularly General Jaruzelski.[49] After the fall of real socialism, the paper was criticized for taking part in an "intensive propaganda campaign" and particularly for rigorously trying to revamp Jaruzelski's image.[50]

Circulation

 
The plaque in the lobby of Gazeta Wyborcza commemorating the first front page of May 8, 1989, with a picture of Lech Wałęsa rooting for the pivotal election.

The paper is a multi-section daily newspaper and it publishes daily local editions for the following cities: Warsaw, Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Częstochowa, Gdańsk, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Katowice, Kraków, Kielce, Lublin, Łódź, Olsztyn, Opole, Płock, Poznań, Radom, Rzeszów, Szczecin, Toruń, Wrocław, and Zielona Góra.

The Gazeta Wyborcza had a circulation of 432,000 copies during the first three quarters of 1998.[51] The circulation of the paper reached 459,473 copies between January and February 2001.[52] Its circulation was 542,000 copies in 2003, making it the second best selling newspaper in the country.[53] The 2004 circulation of the paper was 516,000 copies on weekdays and 686,000 copies on weekends.[25] The average circulation of the newspaper peaked at 672,000, making the Gazeta Wyborcza the largest-selling newspaper in Poland. However, by 2010 the circulation had declined by more than half, to 319,000, and Fakt overtook the Gazeta Wyborcza as Poland's leading newspaper. The decline continued in 2013 when circulation was down to 190,000.[54] At this time, Wyborcza began to invest more in its electronic version, and launched a subscription service. Paper circulation dropped to 86,000 in 2019,[55] and stabilised at 81,000 in early 2020.[56] As of January 2021, average daily circulation is 62,000.[57] In August 2021, average daily circulation dropped to 53,190.[58]

Changing the operating mode

In September 2020, the office space occupied by the editorial office at ul. Czerska in Warsaw has decreased by 40%, because the journalists of the newspaper and its website work outside the office: the employees of the paper edition can work homework, and most of the journalists and editors of the website work remotely.[59]

Sections

 
Front page in April 2006, with a headline announcing the minority cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński.

Gazeta Wyborcza is divided into several sections. On the other side of the diary there is a collection of columns written by people associated with the magazine's editorial office, entitled "On the other side". The following sections are arranged according to the topics covered:

  • The Country and World sections apply to news coming from Poland and abroad, respectively.
  • The Welcome to Poland section contains reports on social issues.
  • The Opinions section is a collection of journalistic articles written by editorial staff and external experts.
  • The Culture section is devoted to cultural events, interviews with artists and observations on a selected cultural field.
  • The Science section consists of articles summarizing the latest scientific research in a journalistic form.
  • The Sports section describes the latest sports events.

Almost every issue of "Gazeta Wyborcza" contains additional content appearing as part of thematic weeklies. They are: "Large Format", "Ale Historia", "My Business. People, work, innovations", "Wyborcza TV", "Co Jest Grane 24", "Magazyn Świąteczny" and "Wysokie Obcasy".

"Duży Format" is a magazine of reporters of "Gazeta Wyborcza". It is published on Mondays. Reports, social, cultural and historical texts are published.

On Tuesdays, “Mój Biznes. People, work, innovations" devoted to companies, entrepreneurship and innovations in the economy, as well as presenting nationwide and regional announcements from industries.

The Friday supplements of "Gazeta Wyborcza" are: "Wyborcza TV" - a weekly with programs of Polish and foreign stations, which additionally presents interviews with TV creators and regular columns, as well as "Co Jest Grane 24" - a magazine announcing the cultural events of the weekend and the coming week, whose editors write about film and theater premieres, concerts, exhibitions and present recommended restaurants and clubs.

Every Saturday, "Gazeta Wyborcza" publishes: "Wolna Sobota" - an opinion magazine in which readers will find 40 pages of reading, presenting various worldviews and worlds as well as controversial hypotheses; "Ale Historia" - a historical weekly where its editors reach previously unknown facts, present unique places and people, works of art and cultural events; "Wysokie Obcasy" - a women's magazine that deals with everyday and extraordinary matters, and also publishes portraits of women not necessarily known from the front pages of newspapers.

Print style

Gazeta Wyborcza is published in a five-column block format, which was adopted at the beginning of the daily's existence. The magazine is printed in color on white paper, and its cover exposes the most important subject of the day in the form of a large headline. The current style of the daily is based on the change made on March 7, 2006, when its graphic design was updated, taken over from Agora's closed daily Nowy Dzien. The primary typeface used in the articles is of the Tribune type, designed by the Boston-based company Font Bureau.[60]

Online presence

 
Gazeta Wyborcza editorial office in Warsaw

For the first time, content from supplements to Gazeta Wyborcza was made available by Agora on the Internet in 1994.[61] The first archived pages of the magazine's information website come from December 1996 (located in the gazeta.pl domain[62]), and from May 2001 (located in the Wyborcza.pl domain).[63] As early as 2001, the website functioning in the gazeta.pl domain, initially being the Internet version of Wyborcza , was transformed into a separate informational Internet portal . In 2006, a separate website, gazetawyborcza.pl, was separated from the Gazeta.pl portal, being an electronic version of Gazeta Wyborcza.[64] Currently, the website operates in the Wyborcza.pl domain, functioning as the name of the website. The first editor-in-chief of the website was Edward Krzemień. The Wyborcza.pl website publishes articles that were simultaneously published in the printed version of the daily and its supplements. In addition, the website publishes additional content not present in the printed Gazeta Wyborcza : video materials, thematically grouped photos, drawings. In 2012, an online archive of Gazeta Wyborcza was launched.[65]

In addition to the Wyborcza.pl portal, the content of the magazine is also published on a separate website Wyborcza.biz, devoted to economics and the economy. The Wyborcza.pl website is linked to the BIQdata portal, where socio-political reports are published in the form of charts, infographics and other graphic representations of numerical values. Its opening took place on September 23, 2014.[66]

Wysokie Obcasy.pl features content concerning women and includes section on psychology, health and beauty, food, and jobs. Biqdata.wyborcza.pl is dedicated to stories and developments as seen through the prism of big data and the wider world of information technology.

In 2014, Gazeta Wyborcza introduced a digital subscription.[67] The basic package includes access to the news on the website and through the app. The premium package offers access to all of its content including 28 local editions. The club package offers access to its editorial team, special events, and two additional subscriptions for family members. The entire content of Gazeta Wyborcza on the Internet has been payable since February 4, 2014.[68] The number of digital subscriptions in subsequent years was: 55,000 (2014), 77,000 (2015), 100,000 (2016),[69] 200,000 (2019), 220,000 (2020), and 260,000 (2021).[70]

Mobile app

Content from Gazeta Wyborcza is available both in the version for personal computers and via the mobile application. On June 10, 2009, iPhone owners were able to download the journal app from the App Store  . On July 20, 2012, the iPad application was launched  . In February 2012, viewing journal articles was made possible on the Kindle  . The first version of the application for devices with the Android operating system , produced by the We Like Caps development studio, appeared on Google Play on July 7, 2014.

Awards

Gazeta Wyborcza received many Grand Press awards; in 2014 it was honored with the title of the Newspaper of the Twenty-Five Years.[71] The title of Journalist of the Year awarded during this ceremony was given in 2007 to Marcin Kącki,[72] in 2010 - Artur Domosławski,[73] in 2011 - Andrzej Poczobut,[74] in 2013 - Mariusz Szczygieł,[75] and in 2014 - Piotr Andrusieczko.[76] In other categories, awards were given to Katarzyna Klukowska, Włodzimierz Kalicki,[77] Jacek Hugo-Bader, Adam Wajrak,[78] Ireneusz Dańko, Dariusz Janowski, Marcin Fabiański, Leszek Talko,[79] Anna Bikont, Artur Włodarski,[80] Tomasz Patora , Marcin Stelmasiak, Anna Fostalkowska,[81] Roman Daszczyński, Krzysztof Wójcik, Angelika Kuźniak, Włodzimierz Nowak,[82] Wojciech Staszewski,[83] Magdalena Grochowska, Maciej Samcik,[84] Joanna Wojciechowska,[85] Paweł Wiejas,[86] Piotr Głuchowski, Marcin Kowalski, Magdalena Grzebałkowska,[87] Urszula Jabłońska,[88] Agnieszka Kublik , Bartosz T. Wieliński,[89] Donata Subbotko,[90] Elżbieta Sidi,[91] Anna Śmigulec,[92] and Grzegorz Sroczyński.[93] Journalists of the magazine were also awarded during four Sharp Pen awards ceremonies.[94][95][96][97]

In 2004, the editorial office was awarded the "Drummer of the Greater Poland Uprising" statuette, awarded by the Main Board of the Society for the Remembrance of the Greater Poland Uprising 1918/1919.[98]

In 2022, Gazeta Wyborcza and the Gazeta Wyborcza Foundation received the Golden Pen of Freedom award for fighting for independent journalism and carrying out its mission despite pressure from the authorities.[99][100]

See also

Bibliography

  • Dudek, Antoni (2013). Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2012 [Political history of Poland 1989–2012] (in Polish). Kraków: Znak. ISBN 978-83-240-2130-7.
  • Karpiński, Jakub (2001). Trzecia niepodległość. Najnowsza historia Polski [The third independence. The recent history of Poland]. Warszawa: Świat Książki. ISBN 83-7311-156-5.

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External links

  • Official website

April 24, 2023
gazeta, wyborcza, polish, pronunciation, ɡaˈzɛta, vɨˈbɔrtʂa, electoral, gazette, english, polish, nationwide, daily, newspaper, based, warsaw, poland, launched, 1989, first, polish, daily, newspaper, after, transformation, newspaper, founded, basis, polish, ro. Gazeta Wyborcza Polish pronunciation ɡaˈzɛta vɨˈbɔrtʂa The Electoral Gazette in English is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw Poland Launched on May 8 1989 as the first Polish daily newspaper after the transformation The newspaper was founded on the basis of the Polish Round Table Agreement as a press organ of the trade union Solidarity in the election campaign before the Contract Sejm 10 11 in 1990 the union broke ties Gazeta WyborczaThere Is No Freedom without Solidarity 1 Headquarters of Agora the publisher of Gazeta Wyborcza in WarsawTypeDaily newspaperFormatCompactFounder s Adam MichnikHelena LuczywoPiotr NiemczyckiJuliusz RawiczErnest SkalskiPublisherAgoraEditor in chiefAdam MichnikDeputy editorJaroslaw KurskiAssociate editorMikolaj ChrzanRoman ImielskiAleksandra SobczakPiotr StasinskiBartosz T Wielinski 2 Managing editorWojciech Bartkowiak 3 FoundedMay 8 1989 33 years ago 1989 05 08 Political alignmentLiberalism 4 5 6 7 LanguagePolishHeadquartersWarsawCityWarsawCountryPolandCirculation53 190 Print August 2021 8 218 000 9 Digital 2019 ISSN0860 908XWebsitewyborcza wbr plMedia of PolandList of newspapersIt s published by Agora with its original editor in chief Adam Michnik 12 13 appointed by Lech Walesa 14 Gazeta Wyborcza is one of Poland s newspapers of record covering the gamut of political international and general news from a liberal perspective 15 16 17 As of June 2022 Gazeta Wyborcza had over 290 000 digital subscribers 18 and 80 000 print sales 19 In 2020 Gazeta Wyborcza was the 10th most read newspaper in Europe 20 Contents 1 History and profile 1 1 Founding 2 Controversies 2 1 Rywin affair 2 2 Other major reports 3 Criticism 4 Circulation 4 1 Changing the operating mode 5 Sections 5 1 Print style 6 Online presence 6 1 Mobile app 7 Awards 8 See also 9 Bibliography 10 References 11 External linksHistory and profile EditFounding Edit Gazeta Wyborcza was established in accordance with the arrangements of the Round Table 21 22 as a press organ of the Solidarity Civic Committee in the election campaign before the parliamentary elections in 1989 23 Initially the daily was to be called Gazeta Codzienna and the adjective election was to function only during the election campaign The first eight page issue was published on May 8 1989 in a circulation of 150 000 copies 24 Gazeta Wyborcza was first published on 8 May 1989 25 under the rhyming masthead motto Nie ma wolnosci bez Solidarnosci There s no freedom without Solidarity The founders were Andrzej Wajda Aleksander Paszynski and Zbigniew Bujak 26 Its founding was an outcome of the Polish Round Table Agreement between the communist government of the People s Republic of Poland and political opponents centred on the Solidarity movement It was initially owned by Agora SA 27 Later the American company Cox Communications partially bought the daily 27 The paper was to serve as the voice of the Solidarity movement during the run up to the 1989 parliamentary elections hence its title As such it was the first legal newspaper published outside the government s control since its founding of regime in the late 1940s It was prepared by 20 journalists most previously associated with the underground weekly Tygodnik Mazowsze Michnik convinced Walesa to name him the editor in chief 24 28 Helena Luczywo and Ernest Skalski became Michnik s deputies 24 The first editorial office was located in a former kindergarten in Mokotow 29 According to the editors the first edition was small 150 000 copies and relatively expensive due to the limited supplies of paper made available by the government A year and a half later the daily run had reached 500 000 copies In September 1990 during the breakup of the Solidarity camp following the collapse of the communist government Walesa revoked the paper s right to use the Solidarity logo on its masthead 30 Since then the Gazeta Wyborcza has been an independent newspaper broadly aligned with the centre left and liberal position 31 Adam Michnik in 1991 After the Round Table talks during the presidential crisis on July 3 1989 an article by Michnik with the headline Your president our prime minister where he opted for the election of the president on the recommendation of the Polish United Workers Party and at the same time entrusting the mission of forming a government to a representative of the Solidarity 32 postulating an alliance of the democratic opposition with the reformist wing of the ruling camp This proposal is currently interpreted as a proof of sensing the aspirations of the Solidarity camp to take over more power than was agreed at the Round Table 33 but officially met with opposition 24 Nevertheless it was actually implemented while Wojciech Jaruzelski the current First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party took over the position of president the opposition thanks to the votes of former allies of the communist party formed the first non communist government in Eastern Europe with Tadeusz Mazowiecki as prime minister 34 35 From the second half of 1989 the environment concentrated in the editorial office of Wyborcza sympathized with the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki and at the same time was in conflict with the representatives of Tygodnik Solidarnosc 24 These antagonisms correlated with the political conflict known as the War on the Mountain during which Walesa allied himself with the Civic Committee faction represented by the brothers Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski against Mazowiecki 32 36 Adam Michnik supported the Prime Minister s environment as a result of which in September 1990 the National Commission of Solidarity adopted a resolution aimed at taking away Wyborcza the right to place the Solidarity stamp on the vignette It was argued that the bias of articles aimed at discrediting and ridiculing the chairman of Lech Walesa and explaining that Gazeta is not an information organ of S but a private company At that time Tygodnik Solidarnosc whose editor in chief at the time was Jaroslaw Kaczynski 37 published columns by columnists such as Romuald Szeremietiew 38 who accused the newspaper of manipulating information including concealing events As a result the daily lost the right to use the union s logo and the slogan There is no freedom without Solidarity In addition Walesa demanded the dismissal of Michnik since July 1990 belonging to the Movement of Citizens Democratic Action party from the post of editor in chief Michnik resigned but his resignation was not accepted by the members of the editorial office and therefore he remained in office 24 A group of former oppositionists associated with Lech Walesa left the editorial office which was the result of a dispute within the editorial office with a group of post Solidarity circles representing different views 39 Controversies EditIn the following years Wyborcza s publications contributed to the disclosure of socio political events in Poland The daily began a journalistic investigation into the 1997 gelatin scandal a monopoly scam which included an entrepreneur Kazimierz Grabek 40 Rywin affair Edit Main article Rywin affair On December 27 2002 Wyborcza published an article An act for a bribe Rywin comes to Michnik related to an attempt to bribe the editor in chief of the newspaper by the film producer Lew Rywin The aim of Rywin s actions who presented himself as a representative of the group holding power was to persuade Michnik to support the law prepared by the ruling Alliance of the Democratic Left preventing the expansion of media companies to electronic media 41 Smolenski s article initiated the Rywin affair which resulted in the appointment of a parliamentary investigative commission 24 Together with other corruption scandals plaguing the country the Rywin affair plunged the government of Leszek Miller 42 43 but Michnik himself also screened by the commission in terms of business connections with Agora met with a wave of criticism from other media 44 In 2003 a Polish film producer Lew Rywin was accused by Gazeta Wyborcza of attempted bribery after he had allegedly solicited a bribe of 17 5 million from the editor Adam Michnik in exchange for amendments to a draft media legislation The adoption of the draft law in the government s original form would have prevented Agora S A from purchasing Polsat one of Poland s private TV stations The case dubbed the Rywin affair led to an official inquiry by the Polish Parliament Consequently Lew Rywin was sentenced for attempting to influence the parliamentary legislative process aimed at enabling a Polish media company to buy a television station The controversial draft legislation ended up being rejected by the Polish parliament Other major reports Edit A newspaper article from January 23 2002 revealed an affair regarding the killing of patients by the employees of the Lodz ambulance service and the sale of information about deaths to funeral parlors 45 An April 2004 report revealed irregularities related to the detention by the State Protection Office of the president of PKN Orlen Andrzej Modrzejewski and depriving him of his position in February 2002 initiating the Orlen scandal The parliamentary investigative committee showed unclear interests in the then attempted privatization of Orlen 46 and Zbigniew Siemiatkowski the head of the UOP responsible for arresting Modrzejewski was convicted by a final judgment for abuse of power 47 As a result of the article from December 4 2006 entitled Work for sex in Self Defense another political and moral scandal called the sex scandal broke out Kacki revealed that Andrzej Lepper president of the Samoobrona RP party and incumbent deputy prime minister allegedly employed young women in party offices in exchange for sex 48 Criticism EditGazeta Wyborcza used its influence to whitewash former communists particularly General Jaruzelski 49 After the fall of real socialism the paper was criticized for taking part in an intensive propaganda campaign and particularly for rigorously trying to revamp Jaruzelski s image 50 Circulation Edit The plaque in the lobby of Gazeta Wyborcza commemorating the first front page of May 8 1989 with a picture of Lech Walesa rooting for the pivotal election The paper is a multi section daily newspaper and it publishes daily local editions for the following cities Warsaw Bialystok Bydgoszcz Czestochowa Gdansk Gorzow Wielkopolski Katowice Krakow Kielce Lublin Lodz Olsztyn Opole Plock Poznan Radom Rzeszow Szczecin Torun Wroclaw and Zielona Gora The Gazeta Wyborcza had a circulation of 432 000 copies during the first three quarters of 1998 51 The circulation of the paper reached 459 473 copies between January and February 2001 52 Its circulation was 542 000 copies in 2003 making it the second best selling newspaper in the country 53 The 2004 circulation of the paper was 516 000 copies on weekdays and 686 000 copies on weekends 25 The average circulation of the newspaper peaked at 672 000 making the Gazeta Wyborcza the largest selling newspaper in Poland However by 2010 the circulation had declined by more than half to 319 000 and Fakt overtook the Gazeta Wyborcza as Poland s leading newspaper The decline continued in 2013 when circulation was down to 190 000 54 At this time Wyborcza began to invest more in its electronic version and launched a subscription service Paper circulation dropped to 86 000 in 2019 55 and stabilised at 81 000 in early 2020 56 As of January 2021 average daily circulation is 62 000 57 In August 2021 average daily circulation dropped to 53 190 58 Changing the operating mode Edit In September 2020 the office space occupied by the editorial office at ul Czerska in Warsaw has decreased by 40 because the journalists of the newspaper and its website work outside the office the employees of the paper edition can work homework and most of the journalists and editors of the website work remotely 59 Sections Edit Front page in April 2006 with a headline announcing the minority cabinet of Jaroslaw Kaczynski Gazeta Wyborcza is divided into several sections On the other side of the diary there is a collection of columns written by people associated with the magazine s editorial office entitled On the other side The following sections are arranged according to the topics covered The Country and World sections apply to news coming from Poland and abroad respectively The Welcome to Poland section contains reports on social issues The Opinions section is a collection of journalistic articles written by editorial staff and external experts The Culture section is devoted to cultural events interviews with artists and observations on a selected cultural field The Science section consists of articles summarizing the latest scientific research in a journalistic form The Sports section describes the latest sports events Almost every issue of Gazeta Wyborcza contains additional content appearing as part of thematic weeklies They are Large Format Ale Historia My Business People work innovations Wyborcza TV Co Jest Grane 24 Magazyn Swiateczny and Wysokie Obcasy Duzy Format is a magazine of reporters of Gazeta Wyborcza It is published on Mondays Reports social cultural and historical texts are published On Tuesdays Moj Biznes People work innovations devoted to companies entrepreneurship and innovations in the economy as well as presenting nationwide and regional announcements from industries The Friday supplements of Gazeta Wyborcza are Wyborcza TV a weekly with programs of Polish and foreign stations which additionally presents interviews with TV creators and regular columns as well as Co Jest Grane 24 a magazine announcing the cultural events of the weekend and the coming week whose editors write about film and theater premieres concerts exhibitions and present recommended restaurants and clubs Every Saturday Gazeta Wyborcza publishes Wolna Sobota an opinion magazine in which readers will find 40 pages of reading presenting various worldviews and worlds as well as controversial hypotheses Ale Historia a historical weekly where its editors reach previously unknown facts present unique places and people works of art and cultural events Wysokie Obcasy a women s magazine that deals with everyday and extraordinary matters and also publishes portraits of women not necessarily known from the front pages of newspapers Print style Edit Gazeta Wyborcza is published in a five column block format which was adopted at the beginning of the daily s existence The magazine is printed in color on white paper and its cover exposes the most important subject of the day in the form of a large headline The current style of the daily is based on the change made on March 7 2006 when its graphic design was updated taken over from Agora s closed daily Nowy Dzien The primary typeface used in the articles is of the Tribune type designed by the Boston based company Font Bureau 60 Online presence Edit Gazeta Wyborcza editorial office in Warsaw For the first time content from supplements to Gazeta Wyborcza was made available by Agora on the Internet in 1994 61 The first archived pages of the magazine s information website come from December 1996 located in the gazeta pl domain 62 and from May 2001 located in the Wyborcza pl domain 63 As early as 2001 the website functioning in the gazeta pl domain initially being the Internet version of Wyborcza was transformed into a separate informational Internet portal In 2006 a separate website gazetawyborcza pl was separated from the Gazeta pl portal being an electronic version of Gazeta Wyborcza 64 Currently the website operates in the Wyborcza pl domain functioning as the name of the website The first editor in chief of the website was Edward Krzemien The Wyborcza pl website publishes articles that were simultaneously published in the printed version of the daily and its supplements In addition the website publishes additional content not present in the printed Gazeta Wyborcza video materials thematically grouped photos drawings In 2012 an online archive of Gazeta Wyborcza was launched 65 In addition to the Wyborcza pl portal the content of the magazine is also published on a separate website Wyborcza biz devoted to economics and the economy The Wyborcza pl website is linked to the BIQdata portal where socio political reports are published in the form of charts infographics and other graphic representations of numerical values Its opening took place on September 23 2014 66 Wysokie Obcasy pl features content concerning women and includes section on psychology health and beauty food and jobs Biqdata wyborcza pl is dedicated to stories and developments as seen through the prism of big data and the wider world of information technology In 2014 Gazeta Wyborcza introduced a digital subscription 67 The basic package includes access to the news on the website and through the app The premium package offers access to all of its content including 28 local editions The club package offers access to its editorial team special events and two additional subscriptions for family members The entire content of Gazeta Wyborcza on the Internet has been payable since February 4 2014 68 The number of digital subscriptions in subsequent years was 55 000 2014 77 000 2015 100 000 2016 69 200 000 2019 220 000 2020 and 260 000 2021 70 Mobile app Edit Content from Gazeta Wyborcza is available both in the version for personal computers and via the mobile application On June 10 2009 iPhone owners were able to download the journal app from the App Store On July 20 2012 the iPad application was launched In February 2012 viewing journal articles was made possible on the Kindle The first version of the application for devices with the Android operating system produced by the We Like Caps development studio appeared on Google Play on July 7 2014 Awards EditGazeta Wyborcza received many Grand Press awards in 2014 it was honored with the title of the Newspaper of the Twenty Five Years 71 The title of Journalist of the Year awarded during this ceremony was given in 2007 to Marcin Kacki 72 in 2010 Artur Domoslawski 73 in 2011 Andrzej Poczobut 74 in 2013 Mariusz Szczygiel 75 and in 2014 Piotr Andrusieczko 76 In other categories awards were given to Katarzyna Klukowska Wlodzimierz Kalicki 77 Jacek Hugo Bader Adam Wajrak 78 Ireneusz Danko Dariusz Janowski Marcin Fabianski Leszek Talko 79 Anna Bikont Artur Wlodarski 80 Tomasz Patora Marcin Stelmasiak Anna Fostalkowska 81 Roman Daszczynski Krzysztof Wojcik Angelika Kuzniak Wlodzimierz Nowak 82 Wojciech Staszewski 83 Magdalena Grochowska Maciej Samcik 84 Joanna Wojciechowska 85 Pawel Wiejas 86 Piotr Gluchowski Marcin Kowalski Magdalena Grzebalkowska 87 Urszula Jablonska 88 Agnieszka Kublik Bartosz T Wielinski 89 Donata Subbotko 90 Elzbieta Sidi 91 Anna Smigulec 92 and Grzegorz Sroczynski 93 Journalists of the magazine were also awarded during four Sharp Pen awards ceremonies 94 95 96 97 In 2004 the editorial office was awarded the Drummer of the Greater Poland Uprising statuette awarded by the Main Board of the Society for the Remembrance of the Greater Poland Uprising 1918 1919 98 In 2022 Gazeta Wyborcza and the Gazeta Wyborcza Foundation received the Golden Pen of Freedom award for fighting for independent journalism and carrying out its mission despite pressure from the authorities 99 100 See also EditMichnikowszczyzna Zapis choroby List of newspapers in PolandBibliography EditDudek Antoni 2013 Historia polityczna Polski 1989 2012 Political history of Poland 1989 2012 in Polish Krakow Znak ISBN 978 83 240 2130 7 Karpinski Jakub 2001 Trzecia niepodleglosc Najnowsza historia Polski The third independence The recent history of Poland Warszawa Swiat Ksiazki ISBN 83 7311 156 5 References Edit Gazeta Wyborcza zmienia swoje haslo na Nie ma wolnosci bez solidarnosci Gazeta Wyborcza changes its slogan to There is no freedom without solidarity Agora in Polish Retrieved 16 February 2023 Redakcja Gazety Wyborczej Gazeta Wyborcza in Polish Retrieved 16 February 2023 BAE 9 December 2021 Wojciech Bartkowiak dyrektorem wydawniczym GW ma dolaczyc tez do zarzadu Agory SA Press pl in Polish Retrieved 16 February 2023 Journalistic role performance in Poland Srodkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne 2 37 51 2016 ISSN 1731 7517 Graff A 2010 Looking at Pictures of Gay Men Political Uses of Homophobia in Contemporary Poland Public Culture 22 3 583 603 doi 10 1215 08992363 2010 010 Zinken Jorg 2003 Ideological Imagination Intertextual and Correlational Metaphors in Political Discourse Discourse amp Society 14 4 507 523 doi 10 1177 0957926503014004005 S2CID 145324531 Doring M Zinken Joerg June 2005 The cultural crafting of embryonic stem cells the metaphorical schematisation of stem cell research in the Polish and French press Metaphorik de 8 6 33 Adam Michnik is also editor of the largest Polish daily newspaper the liberal Gazeta Wyborcza 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