Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
March 08, 2023
Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, KG,KT,GCVO,TD (14 March 1855 – 7 November 1944), styled as Lord Glamis from 1865 to 1904, was a British peer and landowner who was the father of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.
After being educated at Eton College, the Earl received a commission in the 2nd Life Guards in 1876 and served for six years until the year after his marriage.[2] He was an active member of the Territorial Army and served as honorary colonel of the 4th/5th Battalion of the Black Watch.[2]
Upon succeeding his father to the Earldom on 16 February 1904, he inherited large estates in Scotland and England, including Glamis Castle, St Paul's Walden Bury, Gibside Hall and Streatlam Castle in County Durham and Woolmers Park, near Hertford.[2] He was made Lord Lieutenant of Angus,[nb 1] an office he resigned when his daughter became queen. He had a keen interest in forestry and was one of the first to grow larch from seed in Britain. His estates had a large number of smallholders, and he had a reputation for being unusually kind to his tenants.[3] His contemporaries described him as an unpretentious man, often seen in "an old macintosh tied with a piece of twine".[4] He worked his own land and enjoyed physical labour on the grounds of his estates; visitors often mistook him for a common labourer.[5] He made his own cocoa for breakfast, and always had a jug of water by his place at dinner so he could dilute his own wine.[6]
In 1936, his son-in-law became king and assumed the name George VI. As the father of the new queen, he was created a Knight of the Garter and the 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, a United Kingdom peerage in the Coronation Honours of 1937 (although he was the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne which was a Scottish title). This enabled him to sit in the House of Lords as an earl (because members of the peerage of Scotland did not automatically sit in the House of Lords, he had previously sat only as a baron through the Barony of Bowes created for his father).[8] At the coronation of his daughter and son-in-law, the Earl and Countess sat in the royal box with Queen Mary and their shared granddaughters, Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret.
He married Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck on 16 July 1881 in Petersham, Surrey.[1] The couple had ten children. The Earl would part his moustache in a theatrical but courteous gesture before kissing them:[10]
Name
Birth
Death
Age
Notes
The Hon. Violet Hyacinth Bowes-Lyon
17 April 1882
17 October 1893
11 years
She died from diphtheria and was buried at St Andrew's Church, Ham.[11] She was never styled 'Lady' because she died before her father succeeded to the Earldom.
He married Lady Dorothy Osborne (daughter of George Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds) in 1908, and had issue. In 1944, he became 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.
He married Lady Christian Dawson-Damer (daughter of Lionel Dawson-Damer, 5th Earl of Portarlington) in 1914, and had issue. He was killed in the early stages of the Battle of Loos.
In 1923, she married the Duke of York, the future King George VI, and had issue, including Queen Elizabeth II. She became queen consort in 1936, and in later life, after the death of her husband, she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
Coat of arms of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Crest
An Earl's coronet
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1 and 4 argent a lion rampant azure, armed and langued gules within a double tressure flory counter-flory of the second (for Lyon); 2 and 3 ermine three bows stringed palewise in fess proper (for Bowes).
Symbolism
The Arms of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne are famous for being canting as they represent the name of the holders of the title: Bowes-Lyon in that they feature bows and lions.
^ abWhite, Geoffrey and Cokayne, G. E., The Complete Peerage, St Catherine's Press, London, 1953; vol. XII, pp. 402–3.
^ abcdThe Times (London), Wednesday, 8 November 1944, p. 7, col. C.
^Grant, F.J., revised by K.D. Reynolds, "Lyon, Claude George Bowes-, fourteenth earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of Scotland, and first earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom (1855–1944)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
claude, bowes, lyon, 14th, earl, strathmore, kinghorne, claude, george, bowes, lyon, 14th, earl, strathmore, kinghorne, gcvo, march, 1855, november, 1944, styled, lord, glamis, from, 1865, 1904, british, peer, landowner, father, queen, elizabeth, queen, mother. Claude George Bowes Lyon 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne KG KT GCVO TD 14 March 1855 7 November 1944 styled as Lord Glamis from 1865 to 1904 was a British peer and landowner who was the father of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II The Right HonourableThe Earl of Strathmore and KinghorneKG KT GCVO TDBornClaude George Bowes Lyon 1855 03 14 14 March 1855Belgravia Middlesex EnglandDied7 November 1944 1944 11 07 aged 89 Glamis Angus ScotlandBuriedGlamis CastleSpouse s Cecilia Cavendish Bentinck m 1881 died 1938 wbr IssueViolet Bowes Lyon Mary Elphinstone Lady Elphinstone Patrick Bowes Lyon 15th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Bowes Lyon Alexander Bowes Lyon Fergus Bowes Lyon Rose Leveson Gower Countess Granville Michael Bowes Lyon Elizabeth Queen of the United Kingdom Sir David Bowes LyonFatherClaude Bowes Lyon 13th Earl of Strathmore and KinghorneMotherFrances Dora Smith Contents 1 Life and family 2 Marriage and issue 3 Ancestry 4 Arms 5 Notes 6 Footnotes 7 References 8 External linksLife and family EditThe Earl was born in Lowndes Square London the son of Claude Bowes Lyon 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and his wife the former Frances Smith 1 His younger brother Patrick Bowes Lyon was a tennis player who won the 1887 Wimbledon doubles After being educated at Eton College the Earl received a commission in the 2nd Life Guards in 1876 and served for six years until the year after his marriage 2 He was an active member of the Territorial Army and served as honorary colonel of the 4th 5th Battalion of the Black Watch 2 Portrait by Philip de Laszlo 1931 Upon succeeding his father to the Earldom on 16 February 1904 he inherited large estates in Scotland and England including Glamis Castle St Paul s Walden Bury Gibside Hall and Streatlam Castle in County Durham and Woolmers Park near Hertford 2 He was made Lord Lieutenant of Angus nb 1 an office he resigned when his daughter became queen He had a keen interest in forestry and was one of the first to grow larch from seed in Britain His estates had a large number of smallholders and he had a reputation for being unusually kind to his tenants 3 His contemporaries described him as an unpretentious man often seen in an old macintosh tied with a piece of twine 4 He worked his own land and enjoyed physical labour on the grounds of his estates visitors often mistook him for a common labourer 5 He made his own cocoa for breakfast and always had a jug of water by his place at dinner so he could dilute his own wine 6 Despite the Earl s reservations about royalty 7 in 1923 his youngest daughter Elizabeth married Prince Albert Duke of York the second son of King George V and Queen Mary Lord Strathmore was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order to mark the marriage His grand daughter Princess Elizabeth later Queen Elizabeth II was born at his home 17 Bruton Street Mayfair in 1926 In 1928 he was made a Knight of the Thistle 8 In 1936 his son in law became king and assumed the name George VI As the father of the new queen he was created a Knight of the Garter and the 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne a United Kingdom peerage in the Coronation Honours of 1937 although he was the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne which was a Scottish title This enabled him to sit in the House of Lords as an earl because members of the peerage of Scotland did not automatically sit in the House of Lords he had previously sat only as a baron through the Barony of Bowes created for his father 8 At the coronation of his daughter and son in law the Earl and Countess sat in the royal box with Queen Mary and their shared granddaughters Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret Later in life the Earl became extremely deaf 6 Lord Strathmore died of bronchitis on 7 November 1944 aged 89 at Glamis Castle 9 Lady Strathmore had died in 1938 2 He was succeeded by his son Patrick Bowes Lyon Lord Glamis Marriage and issue EditHe married Cecilia Cavendish Bentinck on 16 July 1881 in Petersham Surrey 1 The couple had ten children The Earl would part his moustache in a theatrical but courteous gesture before kissing them 10 Name Birth Death Age NotesThe Hon Violet Hyacinth Bowes Lyon 17 April 1882 17 October 1893 11 years She died from diphtheria and was buried at St Andrew s Church Ham 11 She was never styled Lady because she died before her father succeeded to the Earldom Lady Mary Frances Bowes Lyon 30 August 1883 8 February 1961 77 years She married Sidney Elphinstone 16th Lord Elphinstone in 1910 and had issue Patrick Bowes Lyon Lord Glamis 22 September 1884 25 May 1949 64 years He married Lady Dorothy Osborne daughter of George Osborne 10th Duke of Leeds in 1908 and had issue In 1944 he became 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Lieutenant The Hon John Bowes Lyon 1 April 1886 7 February 1930 43 years Known as Jock 12 he married The Hon Fenella Hepburn Stuart Forbes Trefusis daughter of Charles Hepburn Stuart Forbes Trefusis 21st Baron Clinton in 1914 and had issue The Hon Alexander Francis Bowes Lyon 14 April 1887 19 October 1911 24 years Known as Alec 12 he died in his sleep of a tumour at the base of the cerebrum unmarried 13 Captain The Hon Fergus Bowes Lyon 18 April 1889 27 September 1915 26 years He married Lady Christian Dawson Damer daughter of Lionel Dawson Damer 5th Earl of Portarlington in 1914 and had issue He was killed in the early stages of the Battle of Loos Lady Rose Constance Bowes Lyon 6 May 1890 17 November 1967 77 years She married William Leveson Gower 4th Earl Granville in 1916 and had issue Lieutenant Colonel The Hon Michael Claude Hamilton Bowes Lyon 1 October 1893 1 May 1953 59 years Known as Mickie 12 he was a prisoner of war at Holzminden prisoner of war camp during World War I 14 He married Elizabeth Cator in 1928 She was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Prince Albert Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes Lyon on 26 April 1923 15 They had issue including Michael Bowes Lyon 17th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Lady Mary Colman He died of asthma and heart failure in Bedfordshire Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes Lyon 4 August 1900 30 March 2002 101 years In 1923 she married the Duke of York the future King George VI and had issue including Queen Elizabeth II She became queen consort in 1936 and in later life after the death of her husband she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother The Hon Sir David Bowes Lyon 2 May 1902 13 September 1961 59 years He married Rachel Clay in 1929 and had issue Ancestry EditAncestors of Claude Bowes Lyon 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne8 Thomas Lyon Bowes 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne4 Thomas Lyon Bowes Lord Glamis9 Mary Elizabeth Louisa Carpenter2 Claude Bowes Lyon 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne10 Joseph Valentine Grimstead5 Charlotte Grimstead11 Charlotte Jane Sarah Walsh1 Claude Bowes Lyon 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne12 George Smith6 Oswald Smith13 Frances Mary Mosley3 Frances Dora Smith14 Robert Hodgson Dean of Carlisle7 Henrietta Mildred Hodgson15 Mary TuckerArms EditCoat of arms of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Crest An Earl s coronet Escutcheon Quarterly 1 and 4 argent a lion rampant azure armed and langued gules within a double tressure flory counter flory of the second for Lyon 2 and 3 ermine three bows stringed palewise in fess proper for Bowes Symbolism The Arms of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne are famous for being canting as they represent the name of the holders of the title Bowes Lyon in that they feature bows and lions Notes Edit The county of Angus was called Forfarshire until 1928 Footnotes Edit a b White Geoffrey and Cokayne G E The Complete Peerage St Catherine s Press London 1953 vol XII pp 402 3 a b c d The Times London Wednesday 8 November 1944 p 7 col C Grant F J revised by K D Reynolds Lyon Claude George Bowes fourteenth earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of Scotland and first earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom 1855 1944 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 Forbes p 7 Forbes pp 8 9 a b Vickers p 5 Forbes p 166 Vickers p 45 a b Mosley Charles ed Burke s Peerage Baronetage and Knightage 107th edition Burke s Peerage and Gentry LLC 2003 vol III pp 3783 4 Vickers p 247 Vickers p 4 Vickers p 7 a b c Forbes p 3 Vickers p 13 Vickers p 320 The Queen Mother in pictures The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 17 May 2018 References EditForbes Grania My Darling Buffy The Early Life of The Queen Mother Headline Book Publishing 1999 ISBN 978 0 7472 7387 5 Vickers Hugo Elizabeth The Queen Mother Arrow Books Random House 2006 ISBN 978 0 09 947662 7External links EditHansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Strathmore and KinghorneHonorary titlesPreceded byClaude Bowes Lyon Lord Lieutenant of Angus1904 1936 Succeeded byThe Earl of AirliePeerage of ScotlandPreceded byClaude Bowes Lyon Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne1904 1944 Succeeded byPatrick Bowes LyonPeerage of the United KingdomNew creation Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne1937 1944 Succeeded byPatrick Bowes Lyon Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Claude Bowes Lyon 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne amp oldid 1139859478, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
