Anantapur district
Anantapur district officially: Anantapuramu district[4] is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in Anantapur city. It is one of the driest places in South India.[5] As of 2011[update] census of India, it was the largest district in the state by area and with a population of 2,241,105. Later in the year 2022, as part of re-organisation of districts, Sri Sathya Sai district was carved out and so its area and population reduced by half. Map
Anantapuram district | |
|---|---|
| Anantapuramu district | |
Clockwise from top-left: Chintalarayaswami Temple, Anantapur Clock Tower, Granary at Gooty Fort, Hills near Reddipalle, Bugga Ramalingeswara temple | |
| Etymology: Telugu: Anantasagara (Big Tank) | |
| Coordinates: 14°42′N 77°36′E / 14.700°N 77.600°ECoordinates: 14°42′N 77°36′E / 14.700°N 77.600°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Region | Rayalaseema |
| Named for | Big Tank |
| Headquarters | Anantapur |
| Administrative Divisions | |
| Government | |
| • District collector | Smt K.Nagalakshmi |
| • Lok Sabha | Lok Sabha list |
| • Assembly | Assembly list |
| Area | |
| • Total | 10,205 km2 (3,940 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Total | 2,241,105 |
| • Density | 220/km2 (570/sq mi) |
| • Sex ratio | 977 (females per 1,000 males) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Literacy | |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal Index Number | 515xxx |
| Area codes | +91–8554 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-AP |
| Vehicle registration | AP-02 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[3] |
| Website | ananthapuramu |
Etymology
The name Anantapur was named after a big tank called Anantasagara.[citation needed] It existed during reign of Vijayanagara Empire, which was named after Ananthamma, wife of Bukkaraya, one of the founders of the empire.[6]
History
Gooty fort was a stronghold of the Marathas, but was taken from them by Hyder Ali. In 1789 it was ceded by his son Tipu Sultan to the Nizam of Hyderabad, and in 1800 the nizam ceded the surrounding districts to the British in payment for a subsidiary British force.[7] In 1882, Anantapuram district was formed by carving out from Bellary district.[8]
Geography
It is one of the largest district of Andhra Pradesh district in spanning an area of 10,205 square kilometres (3,940 sq mi),[9] comparatively equivalent to Japan's Shikoku Island.[10] It is bounded on the north by Kurnool district and Nandyal district , on the east by Kadapa district, and South by Sri Sathya Sai district and on the southwest and west by Chitradurga district And Bellary district in Karnataka state.[11] It is part of Rayalaseema region on the state. Its northern and central portions are a high plateau, generally undulating, with large granite rocks or low hill ranges rising occasionally above its surface. In the southern portion of the district the surface is more hilly, the plateau there rising to 2,000 ft (610 m). above the sea.[7] Six rivers flow within the district: Penna, Chithravathi, Vedavathi, Papagni, Swarnamukhi, and Thadakaleru. The district receives an average annual rainfall of 381 millimetres. Anantapur district mostly falls under the rainshadow region of the Western Ghats, with a Hot semi-arid climate. Red soil and vertisol are the most common soils. The driest parts of India after the Thar desert are in this region, as well as adjoining Chitradurga district and Ballari district of Karnataka, and parts of Kurnool district and Kadapa district.[citation needed]
Anantapur city is 485 km (301 mi) from Vijayawada, 354 km (220 mi) from Hyderabad, and 200 km (120 mi) from the neighbouring state capital of Bengaluru. Anantapur connects Hyderabad and Bangalore through National Highway 7. Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru is the nearest international airport to Ananthapuramu town. Other small-scale domestic airports are there in neighboring districts of Kurnool and Kadapa which are around 150 km and 200 km away respectively.[citation needed]
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 1,025,322 | — |
| 1911 | 1,053,449 | +0.27% |
| 1921 | 1,040,166 | −0.13% |
| 1931 | 1,138,081 | +0.90% |
| 1941 | 1,273,079 | +1.13% |
| 1951 | 1,483,591 | +1.54% |
| 1961 | 1,767,464 | +1.77% |
| 1971 | 2,115,321 | +1.81% |
| 1981 | 2,548,012 | +1.88% |
| 1991 | 3,180,863 | +2.24% |
| 2001 | 3,640,478 | +1.36% |
| 2011 | 4,081,148 | +1.15% |
| source:[12] | ||
As of 2011[update] census of India, Anantapur district has a population of 4,081,148 with 9,68,160 households, ranking it as the 7th most populous district in the state.[1] It is the largest district in the state with an area of 19,130 km2 (7,390 sq mi).[1] Anantapur has a sex ratio of 977 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.28%. Urban population in the district is 28.9% of total population.[1]
After bifurcation Anantapur district had a population of 2,241,105, of which 753,354 (33.62%) lived in urban areas. Anantapur district had a sex ratio of 978 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3,34,142 (14.91%) and 70,161 (3.13%) of the population respectively.[1]: 78–83
Language
At the time of the 2011 census, 84.59% of the population spoke Telugu, 9.64% Urdu, 3.03% Kannada and 1.42% Lambadi as their first language.[14]
Economy
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹35,838 crore (US$4.5 billion) and it contributes 6.8% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹69,562 (US$870). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹9,944 crore (US$1.2 billion), ₹7,752 crore (US$970 million) and ₹18,142 crore (US$2.3 billion) respectively to the GDDP.[15]
Agriculture and allied services Paddy and Groundnut are major agricultural crops in the district. When it comes to horticulture Banana and Papaya are heavily cultivated.[citation needed]
Industries Industries like Constructions, Manufactures and Electricity are major contributors for GVA.[15] Anantapur has a major potential for development of industry due to its strategic location between Bengaluru – Chennai and Bengaluru – Hyderabad routes and availability of vast tracts of land. In 2006 the Indian government named Anantapur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[16] It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[16]
Minerals Anantapur is a major producer of dolomite and iron ore minerals.[citation needed]
Power plants Solar thermal power plant of 50 MW was commissioned at this village under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission which was named as Megha Solar Plant. It is one of the 7 solar thermal plants in the country.[17][18]
Tadipatri region in Anantapur is an industrialised town famous for Granite and Cement production. Ultra Tech Cements a unit of Industrial major Larsen & Toubro has a major Cement production unit near the town.[citation needed]
Agriculture
The economy is principally agrarian with a developing industrial sector. Anantapur receives very less rainfall due to its location in the rain shadow area of Indian Peninsula. Prominent crops include groundnut, sunflower, rice, cotton, maize, chillies, sesame, and sugarcane. Silk trade, limestone quarrying, iron and diamond mining. Anantapur town is known as Groundnut City in reference to the neighbouring Bengaluru being called as Garden City.[citation needed]
Religious tourism
The Gooty Fort, also known as Ravadurg, is a ruined fort located on a hill in the Gooty town of Anantapur Andhra Pradesh, India. The word Gooty (locally pronounced "Gutti") is derived from the town's original name, Gowthampuri. It is one of the centrally protected Monuments of National Importance.[citation needed]
Administrative divisions
The District has three Revenue Divisions: Anantapur, Guntakal and Kalyandurg. These revenue divisions are further divided into 32 mandals.[1]: 14
The mandals of the district are listed in the following table:
Parliament segments
Anantapur (Lok Sabha constituency), Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)
Assembly segments
Anantapur and Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:[19]
| Constituency number | Name | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Parliament |
|---|---|---|---|
| 155 | Raptadu | None | Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 148 | Rayadurg | None | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 149 | Uravakonda | None | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 150 | Guntakal | None | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 151 | Tadpatri | None | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 152 | Singanamala | SC | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 153 | Anantapur Urban | None | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
| 154 | Kalyandurg | None | Anantapur Lok Sabha constituency |
Erstwhile Talukas in District
| S.No. | Erstwhile Talukas in 1971 | Newly formed Talukas in 1978 | Newly formed Mandals in 1985 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Anantapuram | Anantapuram | Anantapuram, Kudair, Atmakur, Raptadu, Garladinne [part] |
| Singanamala [12] | Singanamala, B.K. Samudram, Narpala, Garladinne [part] | ||
| 2 | Gooty | Gooty | Gooty, Guntakal, Pamidi, Peddavadugur |
| 3 | Urvakonda | Urvakonda | Urvakonda [part], Vidapanakal, Vajrakarur |
| 4 | Rayadurgam | Rayadurgam | Rayadurgam, D.Hirehal, Gummagatta |
| Kanekallu [13] | Kanekallu, Bommanahal, Urvakonda [part] | ||
| 5 | Kalyanadurgam | Kalyanadurgam | Kalyanadurgam, Belugappa |
| Kambadur [14] | Kambadur, Kundurpi, Settur, Brahmasamudram | ||
| 6 | Penukonda | Penukonda | Penukonda, Roddam, Somanandipalle |
| Puttaparthi [Satya Sai Taluka] [15] | Puttaparthi, Bukkapatnam, Kothacheruvu | ||
| 7 | Madakasira | Madakasira | Madakasira, Rolla, Agali, Gudibanda, Amarapuram |
| 8 | Hindupuram | Hindupuram | Hindupuram, Parigi, Gorantla, Lepakshi, Chilamathur |
| 9 | Kadiri | Kadiri | Kadiri, Nallacheruvu, Tanakal, Gandlapenta, Talapula, Nambulipulikunta |
| Nallamada [16] | Nallamada, Obula devara Cheruvu, Amadagur, Mudigubba | ||
| 10 | Dharmavaram | Dharmavaram | Dharmavaram, Bathalapalle, Tadimarri |
| Chennekothapalle [17] | Chennekothapalle, Kanaganapalle, Ramagiri | ||
| 11 | Tadipatri | Tadipatri | Tadipatri, Yadiki, Yallanuru, Putlur, Peddapappur |
Towns in District
The Following are the towns in old district.
| S.No. | Town | Civic Status of Town | Municipality Formation Year | No. of Wards | 2011 Census Population | 2001 Census Population | 1991 Census Population | 1981 Census Population | 1971 Census Population | 1961 Census Population | 1951 Census Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anantapur | Municipal Corporation | 1869 | 50 | 3,40,613 | 2,52,298 | 1,74,924 | 1,19,531 | 80,069 | 52,280 | 31,952 |
| 2 | Guntakal | Municipality Selection Grade | 1948 | 37 | 1,28,142 | 1,17,103 | 107,592 | 84,599 | 66,320 | 48,083 | 31,341 |
| 3 | Tadipatri | Municipality Special Grade | 1920 | 36 | 1,20,990 | 86,843 | 71,068 | 53,920 | 31,618 | 23,129 | 19,369 |
| 4 | Rayadurgam | Municipality Grade - 2 | 1963 | 32 | 61,749 | 54,125 | 40,848 | 32,745 | 26,154 | 23,779 | 19,738 |
| 5 | Gooty | Municipality Grade - 3 | 2011 | 25 | 48,658 | 43,389 | 37,814 | 29,302 | 21,706 | 19,507 | 15,437 |
| 6 | Kalyanadurgam | Municipality Grade - 3 | 2012 | 24 | 39,855 | 29,266 | 23,106 | 17,049 | 13,260 | 10,256 | 8,163 |
| 7 | Pamidi | Nagar Panchayat | 2012 | 20 | 26,886 | 22,585 | 19,697 | 14,615 | 10,963 | - | - |
| S.No. | Town | Civic Status of Town | 2011 Census Population | 2001 Census Population | 1991 Census Population | 1981 Census Population | 1971 Census Population | 1961 Census Population | 1951 Census Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Urvakonda | Census Town | 35,565 | 31,856 | 27,679 | 21,754 | 19,754 | 17,926 | 16,662 |
| 2 | Kambadur | Grama Panchayat | 15,441 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 | Nallamada | Grama Panchayat | 10,944 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 4 | Chennekothapalle | Grama Panchayat | 7,387 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | Singanamala | Grama Panchayat | 4,986 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| S.No. | Town | Civic Status of Town | 2011 Census Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Somandepalle | Census Town | 18,895 |
Transport
The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,298 km (807 mi), the longest in the state.[20] It has a total Rail Network of which 340 km (210 mi) is Broad gauge and 249 km (155 mi) is Meter gauge. The major railways stations are Guntakal Junction, Gooty Junction,Rayadurg Junction Ananthapuramu, Tadipatri railway stations.
Education
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[21][22] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 5,024 schools. They include, 28 government, 3,435 mandal and zilla parishads, 4 residential, 1,154 private, 25 model, 62 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 261 municipal and 55 other types of schools.[23] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 563,710.[24] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 563,266.[24]
When it comes to Union (Central) government schools, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) is located nearby Lepakshi, Sri Satyasai district but it serves both Sri Satyasai and Ananthapuramu districts as Lepakshi was part of Ananthapuramu district earlier and after bifurcation, a new JNV is yet to be established in new Ananthapuramu district.[citation needed] Also there are three Central schools (Kendriya Vidyalayas) in the district, located in Guntakal, Gooty and Ananthapuramu.[citation needed]
Anantapur is an important education centre with many educational, schools, colleges and universities situated in the district.[citation needed] Anantapur city has become a major hub with many education institutions situated in its vicinity. Some of the institutions include Sri Krishnadevaraya University, JNTU Ananthapur, Sri Sathya Sai University, Government Medical College, Government polytechnic anantapur, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Government Polytechnic Hindupur, Gates Institute of Technology, Central University of Andhra Pradesh, Dalavai Chalapathi Rao
Temples
The following sixty five temples under the management of Endowments Department[25]
Notable people
- Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, President of India, Lok sabha Speaker, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister
- T. Nagi Reddy, Communist leader
- Syed Shahabuddin (cricketer), first class crickter
- Rallapalli Ananta Krishna Sharma, singer
- Sujeeth, director, writer
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h "District Census Hand Book – Anantapur" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "District Census Hand Book - Anantapur" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "Anantapur district to be renamed Anantapuram". The Hindu. from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
- ^ "Anantapur Assembly Constituency : Triangular contest on the cards". thehansindia.com. 20 January 2019. from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "There is history behind names of places". The Hindu. 30 March 2009. from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anantapur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 913.
- ^ Rayudu, C. S. (1 January 1991). Rural Credit in India: A Study of Andhra Pradesh. Mittal Publications. p. 2. ISBN 9788170992486.
- ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti; et al., eds. (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
- ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
Shikoku 18,545km2
- ^ . Archived from the original on 15 May 2013.
- ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^ "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ a b "Economy of Anantapur District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ a b Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ^ . National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
- ^ "Anantapur Gets Solar Power Plant". The New Indian Express. Hyderabad. 14 November 2014. from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
- ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). The Election Commission of India. p. 31.
- ^ (PDF). Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
- ^ (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ . ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ . Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ a b . Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ "Trust Boards Abstract". AP Temples Portal, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 24 July 2018.