Kurnool district
Kurnool district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the North western part of the state and is bounded by Nandyal district in the east, Anantapur district in the south, Raichur district of Karnataka in the northwest, Bellary district of Karnataka in the west, and Jogulamba Gadwal district in the north. The city of Kurnool is the headquarters of the district. It has a population of 2,271,686 of which 28.35% were urban as of 2011.[3]: 14 Map
Kurnool district | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: Konda Reddy Fort, Raghavendra Matha at Mantralayam, Sangameshwara Temple, Tungabhadra near Kurnool, Boulders at Adoni Hills | |
Location of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh | |
| Coordinates: 15°48′43″N 77°58′11″E / 15.811833°N 77.9697606°ECoordinates: 15°48′43″N 77°58′11″E / 15.811833°N 77.9697606°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Region | Rayalaseema |
| Headquarters | Kurnool |
| Administrative Divisions |
|
| Government | |
| • District collector | Kotteshwara rao, IAS |
| • Lok Sabha | Kurnool |
| • Assembly | Assembly list |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,977 km2 (3,080 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 2,271,686 |
| • Density | 280/km2 (740/sq mi) |
| • Sex ratio | 988 (females per 1,000 males) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Literacy | |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal Index Number | 518xxx |
| Area codes | +91–8518 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-AP |
| Vehicle registration | AP-21 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[2] |
| Website | kurnool |
History
The Ketavaram rock paintings are dated back to the Paleolithic era (located at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Kurnool).[4] Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta[5] and Yaganti in the district have some important rock arts and paintings in their vicinity, which are dated back to 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.
Belum Caves are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at Anantapur. Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.[6]
District administration
In 1947, Kurnool district was without Adoni, Yemmiganur, Alur Talukas. It had Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem Talukas. In 1953 Andhra State was formed and talukas of Adoni, Alur, Yemmiganur were merged with Kurnool District from Bellary District. Remaining Rayalaseema district of Bellary was merged with Karnataka. In 1970, new Prakasam District was formed carving out, Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem talukas from Kurnool District.
Geography
Kurnool district occupies an area of approximately 7,977 square kilometres (3,080 sq mi).[7] Kurnool is surrounded by districts of Anantapur district, to south, Nandyal district to east and Bellary of Karnataka to the west and Jogulamba Gadwal district to the north. The district includes the Srisailam Dam and a part of the Nallamala Hills, the rest of it lying in Prakasam district, Nandyal district, Kadapa district, and Nellore district.
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 950,655 | — |
| 1911 | 1,035,333 | +0.86% |
| 1921 | 987,117 | −0.48% |
| 1931 | 1,120,650 | +1.28% |
| 1941 | 1,222,993 | +0.88% |
| 1951 | 1,315,499 | +0.73% |
| 1961 | 1,570,955 | +1.79% |
| 1971 | 1,982,090 | +2.35% |
| 1981 | 2,407,299 | +1.96% |
| 1991 | 2,973,024 | +2.13% |
| 2001 | 3,529,494 | +1.73% |
| 2011 | 4,053,463 | +1.39% |
| source:[8] | ||
According to the 2011 census Kurnool district has a population of 4,053,463,[3] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[9] or the US state of Oregon.[10] This gives it a ranking of 54th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.65%. Kurnool has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 59.97%.[3]
After bifurcation the district had a population of 22,71,686, of which 764,101 (33.64%) lived in urban areas. Kurnool district has a sex ratio of 990 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 4,15,120 (18.27%) and 30,047 (1.32%) of the population respectively.[3]: 77–81
At the time of the 2011 census, 79.39% of the population spoke Telugu, 13.62% Urdu and 4.77% Kannada as their first language.[12]
Household indicators
In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1247 households in 38 villages across the district.[13] They found that 94% had access to electricity, 89.7% had drinking water, 34.6% toilet facilities, and 51.6% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[13] 30.6% of girls wed before the legal age of 18[14] and 85.1% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[13]
Governance
Legislative Assembly constituencies
| Parliament constituency | Constituency number | Assembly constituency | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Mandals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurnool | 137 | Kurnool | None | Kurnool Part |
| 143 | Kodumur | SC | Kodumur, Gudur, C.Belagal, Kurnool part | |
| 144 | Yemmiganur | None | Yemmiganur, Gonegandla, Nandavaram | |
| 145 | Mantralayam | None | Mantralayam, Kosigi, Kowthalam, Pedda Kadabur | |
| 146 | Adoni | None | Adoni | |
| 147 | Alur | None | Alur, Aspari, Holagunda, Devanakonda, Chippagiri, Halaharvi | |
| 142 | Pattikonda | None | Pattikonda, Veldurthy, Maddikera, Krishnagiri, Tuggali |
Administrative divisions
Kurnool district has three Revenue divisions viz. Kurnool, Adoni and Pattikonda. The district has 26 mandals and 53 Panchayat Samitis (Blocks) under these revenue divisions. There are 899 gram panchayats that include 7 notified and 862 non-notified, alongside 920 revenue villages and 615 hamlets.[15]
Administrative divisions
| Mandals of Kurnool district (Overpass-turbo) |
The district has three revenue divisions and 26 mandals. [16]
- Adoni revenue division
- Adoni
- Gonegandla
- Holagunda
- Kosigi
- Kowthalam
- Mantralayam
- Nandavaram
- Pedda kadabur
- Yemmiganur
- Kurnool revenue division
- C.Belagal
- Gudur
- Kallur
- Kodumur
- Kurnool Rural
- Kurnool Urban
- Orvakal
- Veldurthi
- Pattikonda revenue division
- Alur
- Aspari
- Chippagiri
- Devanakonda
- Halaharvi
- Krishnagiri
- Maddikera (East)
- Pattikonda
- Tuggali
Cities and towns
The district has 1 Municipal Corporation 2 Municipalities and 1 Nagar Panchayats as per the district reorganisation in 2022. [17]
| Ciy/Town | Civil status | Revenue Division | Population (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kurnool | Municipal Corporation | Kurnool | 484,327 |
| Adoni | Municipality Special grade | Adoni | 184,625 |
| Yemmiganur | Municipality Grade - 1 | Adoni | 95,149 |
| Gudur | Nagar Panchayat | Kurnool | 22,270 |
Economy
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹34,359 crore (US$4.3 billion) and it contributes 6.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹68,197 (US$850). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹12,035 crore (US$1.5 billion), ₹6,055 crore (US$760 million) and ₹16,269 crore (US$2.0 billion) respectively.[18]
Transport
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The section is written more like a list and not a reading. (March 2021) |
Roads
The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,169 km (726 mi).[19]
NH - 44 = Srinagar to Kanyakumari. [North-South Economic Corridor]
- Total length of highway is 3,806 km.
- 250 km of this highway passes through Andhra Pradesh.
- 93 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool District
NH - 40 = Kurnool to Ranipet. [Rayalaseema Expressway]
- Total length of highway is 408 km.
- 390 km of this highway is passing in the Andhra Pradesh.
- 142 km of this highway passes through Kurnool District.
NH - 167 = Ballari to Kodad
- Total length of Highway is 483 km
- 94 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
- 94 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
NH - 544D = Anantapuramu to Guntur
- Total length of Highway is 417 km
- 417 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
- 118 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
- An alternative route to this highway is under paperwork, called Anantapuram - Amaravathi Expressway which is called as NH-544F
NH - 67 = Ramnagar to Krishnapatnam Port
- Total length of Highway is 770 km
- 380 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
- 28 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
NH - 340C = Kurnool to Dornala
- Total length of Highway is 132 km
- 132 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
- 100 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
NH - 340B = Dhone to Somayajulapalli
- Total length of Highway is 53 km
- 53 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
- 53 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
NH - 167K = Nandyal to Kalwakurthy
- Total length of Highway is 175 km
- 86 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
- 86 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
And also Some State Highways also present in Kurnool District.
Railways
Kurnool District is served by Good Railway Connectivity.
- Hyderabad Division of South Central Railway,
- Guntakal Division of South Coastal Railway,
- Guntur Division of South Coastal Railway serves in Kurnool District.
Major lines passing through the district.
- Vijayawada - Hubli Railway Line
- Secunderabad - Bengaluru Railway Line
- Chennai - Mumbai Railway line Passes through the District.
Major Stations
- Dhone JN Railway station [Guntakal Division]
- Kurnool City Railway Station [Hyderabad Division]
- Adoni Railway Station [Guntakal Division]
- Nandyal JN Railway Station [Guntur Division]
Airways
Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy Airport [Kurnool Airport] was opened on March 28, 2021. Commercial Flights Started to Bengaluru, Visakhapatnam, Chennai Cities.
Nearest International Airports from Kurnool
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad. = 195 km.
- Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru. = 335 km.
- Chennai International Airport, Chennai = 450 km.
- Tirupati International Airport, Tirupati = 330 km.
Education
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[20][21] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,179 schools. They include, 78 government, 2,398 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1,355 private, 33 model, 53 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 140 municipal and 121 other types of schools.[22] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 631,740.[23]
Tourism
Kurnool District has many pilgrimage centers
- Srisailam
- Mantralayam
- Orvakal Rock Gardens
- City Forest [ Gargeyapuram ]
- Yaganti
- Banaganapalli Nawab Bungalow
- Belum Caves
- Kolanu Bharathi Temple
- Adoni Lakshmamma avva Temple
- Urukunda Eranna Swamy Temple
- Maddileti Swamy Temple
- Velugodu Reservoir
- Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary
- Nandavaram Temple
- Sanjeevaiah Sagar(Gajuladinne Project)
Sources
Population of towns in 1941 were taken from 1991 census book from page no.132,133 and 2011 Census hand book page no.919.
1951 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6419/1/50120_1951_KUR.pdf
1961 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2721/1/21648_1961_KUR.pdf
1971 Census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2841/1/39378_1971_KUR.pdf
1981 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2915/1/27365_1981_KUR.pdf
1991 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2935/1/39295_1991_KUR.pdf
2001 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2992/1/37985_2001_KUR.pdf
2011 census kurnool district - https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2821_PART_A_DCHB_KURNOOL.pdf
Notable people
- Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister
- Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy, freedom fighter
- P. S. Ramakrishna Rao, director, writer
- Damodaram Sanjivayya, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister
References
- ^ "Population". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "District Census Hand Book – Kurnool" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ (PDF). aparchaeologymuseum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ^ Michael Petraglia. "New rock art discoveries in the Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India". academia.edu.
- ^ [1] Show Caves of India: Belum Caves
- ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti, ed. (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
- ^ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in.
- ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. . Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
- ^ . U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Oregon 3,831,074
- ^ "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ a b c "District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Pradesh" (PDF). International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
- ^ "How Do I? : Obtain Marriage Certificate". National Portal Content Management Team, National Informatics Centre. 2005. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
To be eligible for marriage, the minimum age limit is 21 for males and 18 for females.
- ^ . Kurnool District Official website. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ^ "New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh". Sakshi Post. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
- ^ "Part-I State Administrative Divisions 2001–2011" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 359–366. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ "Economy of Kurnool District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ (PDF). Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
- ^ (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ . www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ . Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ . Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
External links
- Official website