Kadapa district
Kadapa district (officially: YSR district;[4] formerly: Cuddapah district[5]) is one of the twenty six districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. On 19 August 2005, the nomenclature of “Cuddapah” had been changed to “Kadapa” by the Government of A.P. It was renamed as Y.S.R District during the year 2010, in honour of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, the former chief minister of united Andhra Pradesh.[6] In 2022 reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh districts, the district boundary is largely restricted to Kadapa parliamentary constituency area.
Kadapa district | |
|---|---|
| YSR district | |
Clockwise from top-left: Kodanda Rama Temple in Vontimitta, Pulivendula main street, Chennakeshava temple at Pushpagiri, Hills in Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Jamia Masjid and Madhavaraya Swamy Temple at Gandikota | |
| Nickname: Gadapa | |
Location of YSR district in Andhra Pradesh | |
| Coordinates: 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.467°N 78.817°ECoordinates: 14°28′N 78°49′E / 14.467°N 78.817°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Region | Rayalaseema |
| Named for | Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy |
| Headquarters | Kadapa |
| Administrative Divisions |
|
| Government | |
| • District collector | V. Vijay Ramaraju IAS |
| • Lok Sabha | Lok Sabha list |
| • Assembly | Assembly list |
| Area | |
| • Total | 11,228 km2 (4,335 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 7th |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 2,060,654 |
| • Rank | 18th |
| • Density | 188/km2 (490/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 21st |
| • Urban | 809,290 |
| • Rural | 1,251,364 |
| • Households | 706,204 |
| • Sex ratio | 985 (females per 1,000 males) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Telugu |
| Literacy | |
| • Literates | 1716766 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal Index Number | 516xxx [2] |
| Area codes | +91–8562 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-AP |
| Vehicle registration | AP-04 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[3] |
| Website | kadapa |
It is also one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region. Kadapa is the administrative headquarters for this district.[7] Map
History
The history of the district before it is reorganised in 2022 is given below.
Rock paintings
Paleolithic rock paintings found at Chintakunta caves[8] near Muddanur in Kadapa district are said to be the second largest group of paintings in India after Bhimbetika rock art paintings. The rock paintings with mystic figures are also found at Dappalle village[9] near Mylavaram Dam in Jammalamadugu Taluk of the district.
Prehistoric culture
Many Paleolithic sites were found in Kadapa district, as the surroundings of Jammalamadugu, Mailavaram Dam[9] and Gandikota.
Some megalithic burial sites were explored near Porumamilla, Sankhavaram and at Yellatur[10] village near Kadapa. The surroundings of Vontimitta are also noted as Megalithic cultural sites.
The section of Rayachoti consists of many documented and undocumented Megalithic sites and stone circles. A noted megalithic site is at Devandlapalli[11] in Tsundupalle taluk of the district.
Buddhism and Jainism
Kadapa has historical importance since the BC era. It was ruled by the Mauryan Empire and the Satavahana Empire (Andhras).[12] Buddhism flourished for many years along the banks of the rivers Cheyyeru and Penna. Nandalur[13] is an important Buddhist site in the district along with Tallapaka, Rajampeta, Konduru, Khazipeta in the district. Jainism also had a place in Kadapa district history; the remnants of a buried Jain temple were found at Danavulapadu[14] village on the banks of the Penna.
Medieval history
The district is part of Rayalaseema, commemorating the name of Rayalu (Kings) of the Vijayanagar Empire, who ruled the area in the 16th century. Gandikota fort located on the bank of the Penna river was the citadel of Pemmasani Nayaks, commanders of Vijayanagar army and who won the battles of Raichur and Gulbarga for the Vijayanagar kings.[citation needed]
The old records of the district reveal that Kadapa previously called Gadapa which translated in Telugu to threshold. The ancient village of Kadapa with its large tank and temple of Lord Venkateswara at Devuni Kadapa was convenient camping place for the myriads of pilgrims travelling to the holy shrine of Tirupathi. There was a belief that the pilgrims have to first visit Devuni Kadapa, before going to Tirupathi to pray to Saint Annamacharya and Saint Potuluri Veera Brahmam who foretold the future and advocated a classless society. The ancient temple at Vontimitta which inspired Pothana to compose Andhra Maha Bhagavatham is also in the district. In the olden days Kadapa was also called "Hiranyanagaram".[citation needed]
Recent historical records reveal that Jyothi village located in Siddavatam mandal has 108 Shiva lingas on the bank of the river.[citation needed]
Nawabs of Kadapa
| Nawab | Reign |
|---|---|
| Neknaam Khan | 1645 - 1672 |
| Abdul Nabi Khan | 1715 - 1732 |
| Abdul Alam Khan | 1756 - 1780 |
Modern history
After the Treaty of Seringapatam, the Nizam of Hyderabad acquired the district. He ceded it to the British in 1800, and in 1808 it was divided to form Kadapa (spelt Cuddapah by the British) and Bellary districts.[15]
The district headquarters were situated in Siddavatam but moved to Kadapa in 1812.[16]
On April 4th 2022 Annamayya district was formed from the parts of erstwhile YSR Kadapa district and others.
Geography
Kadapa district occupies an area of 11,228 square kilometres (4,335 sq mi).[1] This district is surrounded by North of Nandyal district,South of Annamayya district, East of SPSR Nellore district ,west of Sri Sathya Sai district,Anantapur district.[1]
The main rivers in this district are Penna, Kundu,Chitravathi, Papagni, and Sagileru.[17]
Irrigation
The major source of Irrigation in the district is under K.C. Cannal. There is a major irrigation Project on Penna at Mylavaram. 4 medium irrigation projects Viz., Lower Sagileru Project, Upper Sagileru Project, BrahmamSagar Project and Pulivendula Branch Canal.[18] These form several reservoirs such as Brahmamsagar Reservoir, Mylavaram Dam Reservoir, Annamayya Project reservoir and Gandikota Reservoir.[19]
Demographics
As of 2011[update] census, Kadapa district has a population of 2,884,524.[20] This gives it a ranking of 132nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 188 inhabitants per square kilometre (490/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 10.87%. It has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.88%.[20]
After reorganization the district had a population of 20,60,654, of which 809,290 (39.27%) lived in urban areas.[1] Kadapa district had a sex ratio of 985 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3,37,860 (16.40%) and 40,994 (1.99%) of the population respectively.[21]
Based on the 2011 census, as computed for the revised district boundaries of 2022, 84.66% of the population spoke Telugu and 14.37% Urdu as their first language.[23]
Economy
Besides its historical importance, the undivided district had occupied an important place in the industrial map of Andhra Pradesh with its valuable mineral resources.
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district for FY 2013-14 is ₹26,342 crore (US$3.3 billion) and contributes 5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹70,821 (US$890). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹6,204 crore (US$780 million), ₹6,935 crore (US$870 million) and ₹13,203 crore (US$1.7 billion) respectively.[24]
Black corson soil lands are 24%, black soil 19%, sandy soil lands 4%, red soil lands 25%. The first variety lands are very fertile, sand soil lands less so. 'Korra', orange, lime and betel leaf are the special crops. They are cultivated near river beds. Starting at Sunkesula Dam on Tungabadra river K. C. Canal flows through Kadapa and Kurnool districts providing water to 40 km2 (15 sq mi) of cultivable land. The main source of drinking water to this district is Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi Project Canal.
This district is the repository of mineral wealth. As per the 1983 survey of geological survey of India 3 million tons of lead, 74,000,000 tons of barytes, and 27000 tons of asbestos deposits are there. It is estimated that 70 million tons of barytes deposits might be in Mangampet. There are clay deposits in Rajampet. This is used to make stone implements. Limestone is available in Yerraguntla. National Mineral Development Corporation is extracting asbestos in Brahman palli and barytes in Mangampet. Kadapa is also famous for its stone called "kadapa stone" used in building construction and for slabs especially in south India. In Tummalapalle, there are 49,000 tonnes of confirmed uranium deposits which are mined and processed locally.[25][26] Apart from these minerals and industries Agriculture also forms a part district economy.
Industries
The district has 29 large and medium scale industries with an investment of Rs. 10,22,943 crores providing employment to 19,410. It also has 2335 small scale units employing 21,294 persons with an investment of Rs. 688.59 Cr. [18]
Administrative divisions
Divisions
Kadapa district has four revenue divisions viz. Kadapa, Badvel, Pulivendula and Jammalamadugu divisions.[27][28] The district has 36 mandals under these revenue divisions. It also has a Municipal Corporation of Kadapa and six municipalities namely Badvel, Mydukur, Proddatur, Pulivendula, Yerraguntla,Jammalamadugu.[29]
Mandals
| Mandals of YSR district (Overpass-turbo) |
- Badvel revenue division
- Atlur
- B. Kodur
- Badvel
- Bramhamgari Matham
- Chapadu
- Duvvur
- Gopavaram
- Kalasapadu
- Khajipet
- Mydukur
- Porumamilla
- Sri Avadhutha Kasinayana
- Jammalamadugu revenue division
- Jammalamadugu
- Kondapuram
- Muddanur
- Mylavaram
- Peddamudium
- Proddatur
- Rajupalem
- Kadapa revenue division
- Chennur
- Chinthakommadinne
- Kadapa
- Kamalapuram
- Pendlimarri
- Siddavatam
- Vallur
- Vontimitta
- Yerraguntla
- Pulivendula revenue division
- Chakarayapet
- Lingala
- Pulivendula
- Simhadripuram
- Thondur
- Veerapunayunipalle
- Vempalle
- Vemula
Parliament constituenciy
Kadapa (Lok Sabha constituency)
Assembly constituencies
| Constituency number | Name | Reserved for (SC/ST/None) | Parliament |
|---|---|---|---|
| 124 | Badvel | SC | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
| 131 | Jammalamadugu | None | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
| 126 | Kadapa | None | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
| 130 | Kamalapuram | None | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
| 133 | Mydukur | None | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
| 132 | Proddatur | None | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
| 129 | Pulivendula | None | Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency |
Cities & Towns
There are 1 municipal corporation, 6 municipalities,[30] 2 nagar panchayats in the district.
| Ciy/Town | Civil status | Revenue Division | Population (2011) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kadapa | Municipal Corporation | Kadapa | 344,893 |
| Proddatur | Municipality Special Grade | Jammalamadugu | 217,786 |
| Badvel | Municipality Grade-2 | Badvel | 70,626 |
| Pulivendula | Municipality Grade-2 | Jammalamadugu | 65,706 |
| Jammalamadugu | Municipality | Jammalamadugu | 61,218 |
| Mydukur | Municipality Grade-3 | Jammalamadugu | 45,790 |
| Yerraguntla | Nagar Panchayat | Kadapa | 32,574 |
| Kamalapuram | Nagar Panchayat | Kadapa | 20,623 |
Transport
Roadways
The District has 864.02 km (536.88 mi) of State Highway and 325.28 km (202.12 mi) of National Highway. The district is having 6174.69 KMs of BT roads 727.03 of CC road and 1458.48 KMs of Metal roads. [31]
National Highway 40, National Highway 716 and National Highway 67 pass through the district.
Railways
The district has broad-gauge railway line of 195.13 km (121.25 mi). There are 14 railway stations covering 7 Mandals.[18] These are under Guntakal railway division.
Airways
Kadapa Airport is located north west to Kadapa city.
Education
The district has 2001 Primary Schools, 468 Upper Primary Schools, 683 High Schools, 142 Junior Colleges, 48 Degree Colleges. Yogi Vemana University offers P.G. courses for general education. It also has 120 Polytechnics, Engineering colleges and Govt. Aided Professoinal & Special Education Colleges, One Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), one Dental college, one Homoeopathic Medical college, one Veterinary college and one IIIT centre at Rajiv Knowledge Valley, Idupulapaya of Vempalle mandal. [18]
Notable people
- Charles Philip Brown, Telugu author, district Collector
- P. Kannamba, actress and producer
- P. Jaya Kumar, filmmaker, screenwriter
- Atukuri Molla, poet
- Neelakanta (director), director
- B. Padmanabham, actor, comedian and producer
- Allasani Peddana, one of the poets in Astdiggajalu in Srikrishnadevarayalu
- B. N. Reddy, film director
- B. Nagi Reddy, film producer
- K. Jayachandra Reddy, Justice and former Supreme Court Judge
- V. N. Reddy, cinematographer
- Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, former chief minister of combined Andhra Pradesh
- Janamanchi Seshadri Sarma, poet
- Santha Kumari, musical artist and film actress
- Vavilikolanu Subbarao, poet
- Vemana, philosopher and poet
- Potuluri Veerabrahmam, saint and astrologer
- Y. Vijaya, character artist in Telugu and Tamil films
References
- ^ a b c d e f g CPO 2022, p. VI.
- ^ Pincode List
- ^ "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "YSR District".
- ^ "District Census Hand Book –" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 11 April 2023.: 2
- ^ "Ex-Andhra Pradesh CM YSR's native district Kadapa to be named after him". The Times of India. 18 June 2010. from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
- ^ "Six districts in Andhra reel under drinking water crisis". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 13 May 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ Subramanyam, M.V. (25 July 2012). "Second largest rock art painting site explored". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
- ^ a b Thapar, B.K., ed. (1980). (PDF). New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2012.
- ^ Murty, M. L. K. (2003). Comprehensive History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: Pre- and protohistoric ... google.co.in. ISBN 9788125024750.
- ^ "Megalithic burial site found in Kadapa". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 June 2012.
- ^ Lakshmi, V. Swarajya (1982). A Descriptive Grammar of Cuddapah Dialect. Telugu Akademi. p. 2.
- ^ Mitra, Debala, ed. (1983). (PDF). New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2012.
- ^ . ap.nic.in. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 158–76.
- ^ "district news".
- ^ CPO 2022, p. VIII-IX.
- ^ a b c d CPO 2022, p. XI.
- ^ "Krishna water released into Gandikota reservoir". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
- ^ a b "District Census Hand Book – YSR Kadapa" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ CPO 2022, p. XVIII.
- ^ "Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ a b "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "Economy of Kadapa District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ "Tummalapalle uranium mill to start operation by March 2011". Article from the Times of India. WISE Uranium Project. 24 October 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ "India: 'Massive' uranium find in Andhra Pradesh". BBC News – South Asia. BBC. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ CPO 2022, p. XXII.
- ^ "AP cabinet approves two new revenue divisions". Deccan Chronicle. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
- ^ CPO 2022, p. XXX.
- ^ CPO 2022, p. XXIII.
- ^ CPO 2022, p. XI-XII.
Books
CPO (2022). District Hand Book of Statistics – 2020 : YSR district (PDF). Retrieved 11 April 2023.
External links
- Official website