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All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

April 10, 2024

The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (transl. All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation; abbr. AIADMK) is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer.[7] The party is adhering to the policy of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C. N. Annadurai (Anna) collectively coined as Annaism by M.G.R.[8][9] The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
AbbreviationAIADMK
General SecretaryEdappadi K. Palaniswami
Parliamentary ChairpersonM. Thambidurai
Rajya Sabha LeaderM. Thambidurai
TreasurerDindigul C. Sreenivasan
FounderM. G. Ramachandran
Founded17 October 1972; 51 years ago (1972-10-17)
Split fromDravida Munnetra Kazhagam
HeadquartersPuratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai,
226, V.P. Raman Salai, Royapettah, Chennai – 600014, Tamil Nadu, India.
NewspaperNamadhu Amma (Tamil)[1]
Student wingAIADMK Students' Wing
Youth wingM.G.R. Youth Wing
Women's wingAIADMK Women's Wing
Labour wingAnna Thozhirsanga Peravai
Peasant's wingAIADMK Agriculture Wing
IdeologyPopulism
Socialism
Secularism
Progressivism
Social equality
Tamil nationalism[2][3]
Political positionCentre[4] to Centre-left[5]
Colours  Green
ECI StatusState party[6]
AllianceAIADMK-led Alliance
Seats in Lok Sabha
0 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
3 / 245
Seats in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
62 / 234
Seats in Puducherry Legislative Assembly
0 / 30
Number of states and union territories in government
0 / 31
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
www.aiadmk.com

From 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, the AIADMK was led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa (Amma) as general secretary of the party. She was admired as the Mother of the party by her cadre[10] and was highly popular among the Tamil populace until her death in 2016.[11] From 21 August 2017 to 23 June 2022, the party was led under the dual leadership of the former chief ministers of Tamil Nadu O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami as coordinator and joint coordinator respectively.[12][13][14]

From 11 July 2022, the AIADMK is led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K. Palaniswami (E.P.S.) as general secretary of the party.[15][16][17]

The headquarters of the party is called Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai, which is located at V.P. Raman Salai, Royapettah, Chennai. The building was donated to the party in 1986 by M.G.R.'s wife and the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu V. N. Janaki Ramachandran.

Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai
Headquarters of the party

Ideology and policies edit

 
Dr. C.N. Annadurai
Ideologue of the party

The AIADMK sought to depoliticize the education policy of the government by not insisting that education be in the Tamil language. Policies of the AIADMK were targeted at the poorer segments of Tamil society—the poor, rickshaw pullers, and destitute women—and centralizing the massive noon meal scheme for children.[18] There was ambivalence toward the reservation policy and the interests of farmers.[19] The party functions on the principles of its predecessors and the former chief ministers of Tamil Nadu C. N. Annadurai, M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa.[20]

The AIADMK posted an array of welfare schemes targeting the human development index of the state. The AIADMK has schemes listed in the election manifestos covering segments of the population, including fishermen, farmers, and schoolchildren. Until the 2000s, the parties had welfare programmes such as maternity leave, subsidies for public transportation, and educational grants. After the 2000s, the parties started competing at an increasing level for the distribution of consumer goods. The AIADMK government distributed free bicycles to class 11 and 12 students during its tenure of 2001–06. In its manifesto for the 2006 assembly elections, the DMK promised free colour televisions in competition with other parties. The competition continued during the 2011 assembly elections, when both parties announced free laptops for school students and mixers, fans, and blenders for the public.[21]

Culture edit

The party remains firm in its support for the "two language policy", in opposition to center-left demands to have Hindi as the sole lingua franca language, where Tamil and English are the two main languages of Tamil Nadu.[22] The party provided ₹1 lakh (US$1,300) for temples of local deities in 2016.[23]

Economy edit

In 2012, the AIADMK Government announced the "Vision 2023" document, which embodied a strategic plan for infrastructure development that included raising the per capita income of residents to $10 thousand per annum, matching the Human Development Index to that of developed countries by 2023, providing high-quality infrastructure all over the state, and making Tamil Nadu the knowledge capital and innovation hub of India. This project had three components: the overall vision document, the compilation of the project profile, and the road map.[24] In the spring of 2019, the party lauded the economic policies of the Narendra Modi-led central government, stating that the central government had ushered in economic stability and made the country a "decisive player" in regional economics, and voiced support for the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which had been opposed by their rival the DMK.[25]

During the AIADMK regime, Tamil Nadu was the best-performing big state overall from 2018 to 2021. With a gross state domestic product of $290 billion, or ₹21.6 lakh crore, Tamil Nadu became India's second-largest economy.[26][27][28]

Social justice edit

In 1980, the AIADMK under M. G. Ramachandran reversed his decision on economic criteria after the AIADMK faced a close defeat in the Indian general election in Tamil Nadu. He further raised the quota for the backward classes from 31 percent to 50 percent, bringing the total reservation to 68 percent.[29] In 1993, the AIADMK government under J. Jayalalithaa passed the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993, in the Assembly (Act 45 of 1994).[30] The bill was sent to the president for approval. The government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the central government. She also demanded that the Tamil Nadu government's act be placed in the ninth schedule of the Indian Constitution, ensuring that the law cannot be challenged in any court.[31] Later, the president's assent was received on 19 July 1994, and it confirmed the 69 percent reservation for Tamil Nadu.[32] On 20 February 2016, the J. Jayalalithaa-led AIADMK government passed the Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2016 and the Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2016 in the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly, enhancing the reservation for women from 33 percent to 50 percent in local bodies such as municipal corporations, municipalities, town panchayats, and village panchayats of the state.[33][34]

State water policy edit

In 2006, the AIADMK initiated a case in the Supreme Court to uphold the state's rights on the Mullaperiyar Dam issue. As a result, in May 2014, a Supreme Court verdict allowed the Tamil Nadu State to increase the storage level in the Mullaperiyar Dam to 142 feet from 136 feet and struck down the unconstitutional law enacted by the Government of Kerala in 2006 restricting the storage level to 136 feet.[35] This Supreme Court decision ensured the farmers' and people's livelihoods in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu.[36] In February 2013, the Government of India notified the final award of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) on the directions of the Supreme Court. After 22 years of legal battle, then-Chief Minister Jayalalithaa called it a "tremendous achievement" of her government that the state had received due justice.[37] Then Jayalalithaa said that it was the happiest day of her life and the happiest day for the farmers in Tamil Nadu; she recalled her famous fast-unto-death at Marina Beach in 1993.[38][39][40]

Environment and nature edit

The AIADMK was one of two parties, along with the BJP, to not voice opposition against a ban on cattle slaughter through the national Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. However, it has sought an exemption in the Act regarding traditional bull fighting;[41] the party supports popular opinion in Tamil Nadu that traditional bull fighting, known as Jallikattu, should not be banned by the central government due to an APEX court ruling against animal cruelty.[42] During the controversy, the party called for animal-rights organization PETA to be banned.[43]

In March 2017, the AIADMK government implemented the Kudimaramathu Scheme to rejuvenate water bodies with the participation of agriculturalists, reviving the age-old practice of community participation in the maintenance and management of tank irrigation systems.[44] In May 2018, the AIADMK government has ordered the closure of the Sterlite Copper factory in Thoothukkudi in the interest of the people, knowing that the air and water in the city are being heavily polluted by the factory, which has been at the center of violent protests by locals to protect and improve the environment.[45] In February 2020, the AIADMK government declared the Cauvery Delta region a protected special agriculture zone. This announcement was widely hailed by political parties and farmer organizations.[46][47][48] The AIADMK opposes the building of the Mekedatu Dam, which could reduce water flows into Tamil Nadu and negatively affect quality of life for residents and agriculture.[49]

History edit

M. G. Ramachandran era (1972–87) edit

 
Dr. M.G. Ramachandran
Founder of the party

The party was founded on 17 October 1972, as Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) by M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.), a veteran Tamil film star and popular politician. It was set up as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after its president M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer.[50] M.G.R., who wanted to start a new political party, then incorporated into Anakaputhur Ramalingam's party, which had registered under the name ADMK. He then quoted, "I joined the party started by an ordinary volunteer" and gave the post of Member of Legislative Council (MLC) to Ramalingam. Later, M.G.R. prefixed the All India (AI) tag to the party's name to protect the party during the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA).[51] Since its inception, the relationship between the AIADMK and DMK has been marked by mutual contempt. M.G.R. used his fan club to build the party cadre; he claims his party recruited more than a million members in the first two months. C. N. Annadurai's ideologue and movie producer turned politician R. M. Veerappan was the key architect in unifying M.G.R. fan clubs and further consolidating the party structure in the 1970s. Other key leaders, such as Nanjil K. Manoharan and S. D. Somasundaram played major roles in consolidation.[52] Pavalar M. Muthusamy was elected the first presidium chairman of the party.[53] Then Communist Party of India (CPI) state secretary M. Kalyanasundaram, who strongly backed M.G.R. and played a crucial role in shaping his political career by teaming up with the fledgling AIADMK. M.G.R. along with Kalyanasundaram, presented to governor of Tamil Nadu K. K. Shah to charge against the Karunanidhi-led DMK government in November 1972.[54][55] The party's first victories were the wins of K. Maya Thevar in the Dindigul parliamentary bye-election in May 1973[56] and of C. Aranganayagam in the Coimbatore West assembly bye-election a year later. On 2 April 1973, the AIADMK emerged as the third-largest political party in Tamil Nadu, represented by 11 MLAs in the assembly. By January 1976, the AIADMK had emerged as the second-largest political party in Tamil Nadu, with 16 MLAs in the assembly. By supporting the National Emergency between 1975 and 1977, the AIADMK grew close to the Indian National Congress party.

The DMK-led government was dismissed by a central government on corruption charges in 1976. The AIADMK swept to power, defeating the DMK in the 1977 assembly election. M.G.R. was sworn in as the third chief minister of Tamil Nadu on 30 June 1977. In the 1977 general election, the party won 18 seats.[50] In 1979, the AIADMK became the first Dravidian and regional party to join the Union Cabinet. Sathiavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor were the members of parliament who joined the short-lived Union Ministry led by then-prime minister Charan Singh.[51]

The relationship between the AIADMK and the INC slowly became strained. In the 1980 general election, the INC aligned with the DMK, and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. The AIADMK won just two seats.[57] After returning to power, Indira Gandhi dismissed a number of state governments belonging to the opposition parties, including the AIADMK government in Tamil Nadu.

In the 1980 assembly election, with the opposition DMK continuing the electoral alliance with the INC, In a massive reversal of fortunes following the Lok Sabha elections, the AIADMK won a comfortable majority in the state assembly with 129 of 234 seats. M.G.R. was sworn in as chief minister for the second time on 9 June 1980.[57]

In the 1984 general election, the party again aligned with the INC, and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. In the 1984 assembly election, even with M.G.R.'s failing health and hospitalization, the party won the election. M.G.R. returned to Tamil Nadu on 4 February 1985 following his recovery.[58] He was sworn in as chief minister for the third time on 10 February 1985. Many political historians consider M.G.R.'s persona and charisma at this point in time to be "infallible" and a logical continuation of his on-screen "good lad" image, strengthened by his "mythical status" in the minds of the masses. M.G.R. continued to enjoy popular support in his third term until his death.[59] He died on 24 December 1987, and became the second chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna.

Succession conflict between the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions edit

Following M.G.R.'s death, his wife, actress-turned-politician V. N. Janaki Ramachandran, rose to the party's leadership with the support of R. M. Veerappan and 98 MLAs. On 1 January 1988, Jayalalithaa was elected general secretary of the AIADMK by the prominent members of her faction, and it was ratified by the party general council convened by her the next day.[60][61] Janaki served as the state's first female chief minister for 23 days, from 7 January 1988 until the state assembly was dissolved on 30 January 1988 and President's Rule was imposed. The party began to crumble due to infighting and broke into two factions, one under Janaki Ramachandran and the other under J. Jayalalithaa, an associate of M.G.R. and another film actress-turned-politician who had starred with M.G.R. The Election Commission of India froze the "Two Leaves" symbol on 17 December 1988.[62] The 1989 assembly election saw the DMK regain power after 13 years, with M. Karunanidhi returning as chief minister for the third time. Due to its split, the AIADMK suffered heavily in the election, with the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions winning only 2 and 27 seats, respectively.[59] Following the AIADMK's rout in the election, the factions led by Jayalalithaa and Janaki merged under Jayalalithaa's leadership on 7 February 1989, as Janaki decided to quit politics as it was not her forte. On 8 February 1989, then Chief Election Commissioner R. V. S. Peri Sastri granted the Two Leaves symbol to the united AIADMK led by Jayalalithaa.[63]

J. Jayalalithaa era (1989–2016) edit

 
Dr. J. Jayalalithaa
Former General Secretary of the party

On 9 February 1989, the AIADMK, led by J. Jayalalithaa, became the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and she became the first female leader of the opposition in the assembly. In the 1989 general election, the party allied with the Indian National Congress, and the alliance won 39 out of 40 constituencies it contested in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. The DMK government was dismissed in 1991 by the central government headed by then-prime minister Chandra Shekhar, an ally of the AIADMK at that time, on charges that the constitutional machinery in the state had broken down. The party allied with the Indian National Congress (INC) and swept to power in the 1991 assembly election under her leadership, and she became the second female and fifth chief minister of the state. Political observers have ascribed the landslide victory to the anti-incumbent wave arising out of the assassination of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi[59] by suspected Tamil separatists fighting for a homeland in neighbouring Sri Lanka. The ensuing government was accused of large-scale corruption, but Jayalalithaa held on to power for a full term of five years.

In the 1996 assembly election, the AIADMK continued its alliance with the INC but suffered a massive rout, winning only 4 out of the 234 assembly seats, with even the party's general secretary Jayalalithaa losing in the Bargur constituency.[64][65] The party lost the 1996 general election by losing all the constituencies it contested.

In 1998, the AIADMK Silver Jubilee Conference was held in Tirunelveli by the party's general secretary J. Jayalalithaa from January 1 to 3. Several alliance party leaders, such as L. K. Advani, S. Ramadoss, Subramanian Swamy, S. Ramadoss, Valappaddy K. Ramamurthy, and Vaiko, participated in it ahead of the Lok Sabha election that year.[66][67][68] During the 1998 general election,[64] the AIADMK revived its electoral fortunes when it formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK), and the alliance won 30 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In the Atal Bihari Vajpayee-led government between 1998 and 1999,[51] the AIADMK shared power with the BJP but withdrew its support of 18 Lok Sabha MPs in early 1999, causing the BJP government to fall. Following this, the AIADMK once again allied with the INC in the 1999 general election, and the alliance won 13 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu.

In the 2001 assembly election, the AIADMK-led alliance, consisting of the Indian National Congress, the Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) (TMC(M)), the Left Front, and the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), regained power, winning 197 seats to the AIADMK's 132.[69] Due to the proceedings in a disproportionate asset case that occurred during her previous tenure, Jayalalithaa was prevented from holding office. On 21 September 2001, O. Panneerselvam, a close confidant of Jayalalithaa, was appointed as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the first time. Once the Supreme Court of India overturned Jayalalithaa's conviction and sentence in the case, O. Panneerselvam resigned on 2 March 2002, and Jayalalithaa was again sworn in as chief minister for the third time.[69]

Her second term was not marred by corruption scandals. She took many popular decisions, such as banning lottery tickets, restricting the liquor and sand quarrying businesses to government agencies, and banning tobacco product sales near schools and colleges. She encouraged women to join the state police force by setting up all women's police stations and commissioning 150 women into the elite level police commandos in 2003, a first in India. The women had the same training as men, which included handling weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseback riding, and adventure sports.[70] She dispatched a special task force to the Sathyamangalam forests in October 2004 to track down notorious sandalwood smuggler Veerappan. The operation was successful, as he was killed by the task force on 18 October 2004.

However, despite the popular measures taken by the government, in the 2004 general election, the party, in alliance with the BJP again, was humiliated, winning none of the 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state. The Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), a DMK-led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state, swept the election.

Later, in the 2006 assembly election, in spite of media speculations of a hung assembly, the AIADMK, contesting with only the support of the MDMK and a few other smaller parties, won 61 seats compared to the DMK's 96 and was pushed out of power by the DMK-led congressional alliance of the PMK and the Left Front. The AIADMK's electoral reversals continued in the 2009 general election. However, the party's performance was better than its debacle in 2004, and the AIADMK-led alliance managed to win 12 seats, with the AIADMK winning 9 seats.

 
Swearing-in Ceremony of the Council of Ministers headed by Jayalalithaa on 16 May 2011

Following widespread corruption, a price rise, a power cut, and allegations of nepotism against the DMK government, in the 2011 assembly election, the party, in alliance with parties like the left and actor-turned-politician Vijayakant's Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), swept the polls, winning 203 seats, with the AIADMK winning 150. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time.[69]

In the union territory of Puducherry, the AIADMK allied with N. Rangasamy's All India N.R. Congress (AINRC) and won the 2011 assembly election, which was held in parallel with the Tamil Nadu assembly election. Rangasamy, on the other hand, formed the government without consulting the AIADMK and refused to share power with the pre-election alliance partner. So Jayalalithaa accused him of betraying the coalition.

On 9 February 2014, the 13-kg gold armor was donated by the general secretary of the AIADMK and the chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa for adorning the 3.5-foot-tall statue of Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar at Pasumpon in Ramanathapuram district. The gold armor is estimated to be worth ₹4 crore. The armor is kept in a nationalized bank locker in Madurai. After the AIADMK party treasurer and the trustee of the memorial signing in the bank, the golden armor would be taken out and handed over to the incharge of the memorial every year between October 28 and 30 for Guru Pooja and Thevar Jayanthi, which is observed on October 30 of every year.[71][72][73]

The AIADMK's good electoral performance continued in the 2014 general election as well. It opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own. The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament. It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections.

On 29 August 2014,[74] J. Jayalalithaa was elected as the general secretary of the party for the 7th consecutive term, making her the longest-serving general secretary of the party to date. Earlier, she was elected as general secretary on 1 January 1988; 9 February 1989; 23 June 1993; 23 September 1998; 10 September 2003,[75] and 10 September 2008.[76] During her longest tenure as general secretary, V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, K. Kalimuthu, Pulamaipithan,[77] C. Ponnaiyan,[78][79] and E. Madhusudhanan[80] served as the presidium chairmen of the party.[53]

On 27 September 2014, Jayalalithaa was convicted in the disproportionate assets case by a Special Court along with her associates V. K. Sasikala, Ilavarasi, and V. N. Sudhakaran and sentenced to four years' simple imprisonment. Jayalalithaa was also fined ₹100 crore, and her associates were fined ₹10 crore each. The case had political implications as it was the first time a ruling chief minister had to step down on account of a court sentence.[81]

Due to her resignation, O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as chief minister on 29 September 2014.[82] Jayalalithaa was denied bail by the High Court and moved the Supreme Court for bail. The Supreme Court granted bail on 17 October 2014. On 11 May 2015, the High Court of Karnataka said she was acquitted from that case and was again sworn in as chief minister for the fifth time.[69]

In the 2016 assembly election, running without allies, she swept the polls, winning 135 out of 234 seats. It was the most audacious decision made by her for the spectacular victory that no other political leader had ever made in the history of Tamil Nadu. On 23 May 2016, Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the sixth time.[69]

On 22 September 2016, she was admitted to Apollo Hospital, Chennai, due to fever and dehydration. After a prolonged illness, she died on 5 December 2016, and became the third chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna and her mentor M.G.R.

Expansion beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry edit

Under J. Jayalalithaa's regime, the party spread beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. It established state units in some other Indian states and union territories like Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, the National Capital Territory of Delhi, and Telangana. The party also has functionaries in other countries where Tamil people are present.

In Karnataka, the party had members in the state assembly from 1983 to 2004 and has influence in the Tamil-speaking areas of Bengaluru and Kolar.

In Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Maharashtra, the party contested some legislative assembly elections but did not win a single seat in any of the elections.

V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran era (2016–17) edit

After Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016, her close aide V. K. Sasikala was selected unanimously as the Acting General Secretary of the party on 31 December 2016.[83][84] On 5 February 2017, she was selected as the leader of the legislative assembly as chief minister. O. Panneerselvam rebelled against Sasikala and reported that he had been compelled to resign as Chief Minister, bringing in a new twist to Tamil Nadu politics. Due to a conviction in the disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa, Sasikala was sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment in the Bengaluru Central Prison. Before that, she appointed Edappadi K. Palaniswami as legislative party leader (Chief Minister).

She also appointed her nephew and former treasurer of the party, T. T. V. Dhinakaran, as the deputy general secretary of the AIADMK party. With the support of 123 MLAs, Palaniswami became chief minister of Tamil Nadu.

On 23 March 2017, the Election Commission of India (ECI) gave separate party symbols to the two factions: O. Panneerselvam's faction, known as AIADMK (Puratchi Thalaivi Amma), got the "Electric Pole" symbol, and Edappadi K. Palaniswami's faction, known as AIADMK (Amma), got the "Hat" symbol.

By-polls were announced in the Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency, which was vacated due to Jayalalithaa's death. But the election commission cancelled the by-polls after evidence of large-scale bribery by the ruling AIADMK (Amma) surfaced. On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran, who was also the candidate for AIADMK (Amma) for the by-election at Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar, regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the Election Commission of India for the AIADMK's election symbol. However, the Central District Tis Hazari Courts granted him bail on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the allegedly bribed public official.

T. T. V. Dhinakaran started his party work on 5 August 2017. However, the chief minister, Edappadi K. Palaniswami, had a fallout with Dhinakaran and announced that the appointment of Dhinakaran as deputy general secretary was invalid. So he claims, "We are the real AIADMK, and 95% of its cadres are with us."

Expulsion of V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran edit

On 12 September 2017, the AIADMK general council, which had earlier appointed her, cancelled V. K. Sasikala's appointment as general secretary and officially expelled her from the party as a primary member.[85][86]

Earlier on 10 August 2017, T. T. V. Dhinakaran was sacked as deputy general secretary at the meeting headed by Edappadi K. Palaniswami at Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai in Chennai.[87][86]

After completing her imprisonment at Bengaluru Central Prison, Sasikala filed a case in the City Civil Court IV of Chennai in February 2021, but it upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary in April 2022.[88] On 5 December 2023, the Madras High Court upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary.[89]

O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami era (2017–22) edit

On 21 August 2017, both O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami factions of the AIADMK merged, and O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with the portfolio of Finance. He also holds portfolios for housing, rural housing, housing development, the slum clearance board, accommodation control, town planning, urban development, and the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority. A dual leadership system was amended in the constitution of the party by removing the designation of general secretary and constituting the new designations for the party's leadership. O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami became the coordinator and joint coordinator of the AIADMK, respectively.[90] On 4 January 2018, O. Panneerselvam was elected Leader of the House in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.

On 12 September 2017, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel V. K. Sasikala's appointment as acting general secretary and officially expel her from the party, though prominent members appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead, the late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of the AIADMK.[85][86]

A day after the merger of two AIADMK factions, on 22 August 2017, 19 MLAs[91] owing allegiance to ousted deputy general secretary T. T. V. Dhinakaran submitted letters to the governor, expressing lack of confidence in Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and withdrawing support from the government.[91] 18 out of those 19 MLAs were disqualified from office by the Speaker of the legislative assembly upon recommendation from the AIADMK Chief Whip. After a prolonged legal battle, the Speaker's orders were upheld by the Madras High Court, and bye-elections were held alongside the general parliamentary elections. On 23 November 2017, the Election Commission of India granted the "two leaves" symbol to the O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami camp.[92]

On 24 February 2018, AIADMK's new mouthpiece, Namadhu Amma, a Tamil daily newspaper, was launched, marking the 70th birth anniversary of the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu and the former general secretary of AIADMK, J. Jayalalithaa, fondly known as Amma.[93][94] On 14 November 2018, the AIADMK launched News J, named after the AIADMK former general secretary J. Jayalalithaa, to replace Jaya TV. News J is the 24×7 Tamil news channel operated and managed by Mantaro Network Private Limited.[95][96]

Despite the popular measures taken by the government, in the 2019 Lok Sabha election, the party, in alliance with the BJP again, was humiliated, winning one of the 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state. The Secular Progressive Alliance (SPA), a DMK-led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state, swept the election by winning 38 seats.

Later, in the 2021 assembly election, the AIADMK-led National Democratic Alliance, consisting of the PMK, BJP, and a few other smaller parties, won 75 seats compared to the 159 seats won by the DMK alliance and was pushed out of power by the DMK-led secular progressive alliance. After the election, the AIADMK emerged as the main party of the opposition in the assembly by winning 66 seats. On 11 May 2021, party joint coordinator Edappadi K. Palaniswami was recognized as the Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and on 14 June 2021, party coordinator O. Panneerselvam was recognized as the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by M. Appavu, Speaker of the Assembly.

Legal fight for the party by V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran edit

After that, V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran had appealed to the Delhi High Court, which rejected their appeal and said that O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami were the original AIADMK.

Following that, T. T. V. Dhinakaran filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of India on March 15, and the bench of the Chief Justice of India dismissed his appeal against the Delhi High Court's decision in favor of the O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami camp.

Following this, the General Council passed a resolution removing V. K. Sasikala from the post of General Secretary. V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran jointly filed a suit in the High Court challenging the decision of the General Council. Since it was a civil case, the case was transferred to the City Civil Court. During the hearing on 9 April 2021, Dinakaran told the court that he would withdraw from the case as he had started a party called Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam. At the same time, Sasikala told the court that she wanted to continue the case. The court dismissed her plea following an interlocutory application from AIADMK Coordinator O. Panneerselvam and Joint Coordinator Edappadi K. Palaniswami.[97]

Tensions with BJP edit

In June 2022, the AIADMK and BJP were at odds publicly.[98] AIADMK organization secretary C. Ponnaiyan accused the BJP-led Central government of stealing Tamil Nadu's revenue, as well as blaming AIADMK for election losses, the loss of minority community support, and "anti-Tamil" policies, particularly those affecting students.[99] He also called the alliance an "electoral adjustment", claiming that the BJP was attempting to expand at the cost of the AIADMK in Tamil Nadu and that its ideology is diametrically opposite that of the AIADMK.[100][101] The event reportedly had party cadres reiterating these sentiments, albeit in a lighter tone, and agreeing that the BJP was attempting to wrest control of the state's opposition from the AIADMK.[98]

Leadership tussle between O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami edit

On 14 June 2022, citing the party's troubles in the polls, AIADMK district secretaries and other senior party members spoke out to shun the "dual leadership" system and came out publicly in favor of a strong unitary leader to strengthen the organization.

Supporters of Edappadi K. Palaniswami pushed for the change in the party's leadership structure by staging a political coup against AIADMK Coordinator O. Panneerselvam, who had become weak within the party. According to many sources, of the AIADMK's 75 district secretaries, hardly 10 supported him. Of the party's 66 MLAs, only three were reportedly on O. Panneerselvam's side, and less than 20 percent of the party's general council members were behind him ahead of the crucial general council meeting on 23 June 2022, which was expected to elect the single leadership to the party.[102]

On 23 June 2022, A. Tamil Magan Hussain was unanimously elected as the Presidium Chairman of the party at a general council meeting held at the Shrivaaru Venkataachalapathy Palace in Vanagaram, Chennai.[103][104] On the same day, Presidium Chairman Tamil Magan Hussain announced that the next general council meeting of the party would be held on 11 July 2022.[105][106]

On 30 June 2022, Edappadi K. Palaniswami wrote a letter to O. Panneerselvam asserting the latter ceased to be the party coordinator as the amendments made to the party's bylaw in the December 2021 executive committee meeting were not recognized in the general council meeting held on 23 June 2022.[107][108]

Expulsion of O. Panneerselvam

In the general council meeting held on 11 July 2022, the general council members passed the resolution and expelled the former coordinator O. Panneerselvam,[109] the former deputy coordinator R. Vaithilingam, P. H. Manoj Pandian, and J. C. D. Prabhakar from their respective posts and primary membership in the party for "anti-party" activities.[110][111]

On 11 July 2022, former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K. Palaniswami was unanimously elected as the interim general secretary of the party in the general council meeting held at the Shrivaaru Venkatachalapathy Palace in Vanagaram, Chennai.[15] Palaniswami appointed Dindigul C. Sreenivasan as the treasurer of the party, replacing O. Panneerselvam.[112] On 19 July 2022, Palaniswami appointed R. B. Udhayakumar as the deputy leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, replacing Panneerselvam, who declared this in the party's legislative members meeting held on 17 July 2022.[113][114] Before the general council meeting, there was violence at the Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai in Royapettah, where the supporters of Palaniswami and Panneerselvam threw stones, bottles, and plastic chairs at each other and damaged several vehicles nearby.[115] Following this, the Revenue Department of Tamil Nadu sealed the Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai. Overall, 47 people were injured in the clashes.[116]

On 20 July 2022, the Madras High Court ordered to remove the seal of Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai and hand over the keys to the interim general secretary, Edappadi K. Palaniswami.[117] It was previously locked and sealed on 11 July 2022.[118][119] On 12 September 2022, the Supreme Court of India dismissed the petition of O. Panneerselvam challenging the Madras High Court's order to handover the keys to Palaniswami.[120]

Legal fight for the party between Edappadi K. Palaniswami and O. Panneerselvam

The Madras High Court on 17 August 2022 ruled in favor of O. Panneerselvam and declared the AIADMK general council meeting held on 11 July 2022 which had abolished dual leadership as void ab initio. The court called for the restoration of the status quo as it existed on June 23 and has prevented the party from convening any meeting of the executive council or the general council of the party without joint consent from both Palaniswami and Panneerselvam, thus effectively restoring dual leadership. The court cited procedural lapses to declare the general council meeting held on July 11, invalid and found that there was no data to prove Edappadi K. Palaniswami's claim that 95% of the 1.5 crore (15 million) primary party members supported unitary leadership under him.[121][122][123][124]

Edappadi K. Palaniswami appealed the single-judge court order to a larger bench of judges.[125] Following the order, O. Panneerselvam appealed for party unity, which included the splinter AMMK group.[126] Palaniswami dismissed this appeal as a power-hungry move by Panneerselvam and held him responsible for violence at the Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai.[127]

On 2 September 2022, a division bench of the Madras High Court upheld the decisions of the AIADMK general council meeting held on 11 July 2022, and set aside the previous court order of the single judge in the appeal case of Edappadi K. Palaniswami, thus effectively restoring unitary leadership.[128][129]

On 23 February 2023, the Supreme Court of India upheld the decisions of the AIADMK general council meeting held on 11 July 2022, and dismissed the petition of O. Panneerselvam challenging the previous order of the division bench, thus affirming unitary leadership under Edappadi K. Palaniswami.[130][16] On 19 January 2024, the Supreme Court of India refused to stay the August 2023 order of the division bench of Madras High Court, which dismissed the petitions of O. Panneerselvam challenging resolutions passed by the general council held on 11 July 2022, that led to the expulsion of O. Panneerselvam and his supporters from the party, saying the interference at this stage will "lead to huge chaos".[131]

Edappadi K. Palaniswami era (2022–present) edit

 
Dr. Edappadi K. Palaniswami
General Secretary of the party

On 11 July 2022, an AIADMK general council meeting was held at the Shrivaaru Venkataachalapathy Palace in Vanagaram following the dismissal of a petition by O. Panneerselvam in the Madras High Court.[132] The party general council abolished the dual leadership model, empowered Edappadi K. Palaniswami as the interim general secretary, and called for organizational elections in 4 months.[133] The general council meeting made 20 amendments to the AIADMK bylaws, including the removal of rule 20, which had described J. Jayalalithaa as the "eternal general secretary", reviving the post of general secretary, transferring all the powers of the coordinator and joint coordinator to the general secretary, and abolishing the posts of coordinator and joint coordinator. These changes effectively ended the party's dual leadership.[134]

On 28 March 2023, the Madras High Court ruled in favor of Edappadi K. Palaniswami and dismissed the petitions of O. Panneerselvam challenging the resolutions passed at the general council meeting held on 11 July 2022. On the same day, AIADMK announced that Edappadi K. Palaniswami was elected as the general secretary of the party through a general secretary election.[135][136]

On 20 April 2023, the Election Commission of India recognized Edappadi K. Palaniswami as the general secretary of the party, acknowledging the amendments to the party constitution and changes to the list of office-bearers.[17][137] On 10 July 2023, the Election Commission of India recognized the changes made in the party organization after the party's due election.[138]

On 20 August 2023, the Rising Conference of the AIADMK Golden Jubilee Celebrations was held in Madurai by the then-newly elected party's general secretary Edappadi K. Palaniswami, and lakhs of party supporters attended the event.[139][140]

On 25 September 2023, the party's secretaries advisory meeting, led by general secretary Edappadi K. Palaniswami, was held in the Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai. At the meeting, it was decided to withdraw from the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance, and it was officially announced by deputy general secretary K. P. Munusamy after the meeting.[141][142][143]

Electoral performance edit

Indian general elections edit

  Lok Sabha Elections
Year Lok Sabha Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1977 6th M. G. Ramachandran 21   18 2.90%   5,480,378 Government
1980 7th 24   16 2.36%   0.54% 4,674,064 Opposition
1984 8th 12   10 1.69%   0.67% 3,968,967 Government
1989 9th J. Jayalalithaa 11   1 1.50%   0.19% 4,518,649 Opposition
1991 10th 11   1.62%   0.12% 4,470,542 Government
1996 11th 10   11 0.64%   0.98% 2,130,286 Lost
1998 12th 23   18 1.83%   1.19% 6,731,550 Government
1999 13th 29   8 1.93%   0.10% 7,046,953 Opposition
2004 14th 33   10 2.19%   0.26% 8,547,014 Lost
2009 15th 23   9 1.67%   0.52% 6,953,591 Others
2014 16th 40   28 3.31%   1.64% 18,111,579
2019 17th O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 22   36 1.37%   1.94% 8,307,345 Government
2024 18th Edappadi K. Palaniswami 35 TBA Others

State legislative assembly elections edit

  Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections[144]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1977 6th M. G. Ramachandran 200
130 / 234
   130 30.36%   5,194,876 Government
1980 7th 177
129 / 234
   1 38.75%   8.39% 7,303,010
1984 8th 155
132 / 234
   3 37.03%   1.72% 8,030,809
1989 9th J. Jayalalithaa 202
29 / 234
   103 21.77%   15.26% 5,247,317 Opposition
1991 10th 168
164 / 234
   135 44.39%   22.62% 10,940,966 Government
1996 11th 168
4 / 234
   160 21.47%   22.92% 5,831,383 Others
2001 12th 141
132 / 234
   128 31.44%   9.97% 8,815,387 Government
2006 13th 188
61 / 234
   71 32.64%   1.20% 10,768,559 Opposition
2011 14th 165
150 / 234
   89 38.40%   5.76% 14,150,289 Government
2016 15th 234
136 / 234
   14 41.06%   2.66% 17,806,490
2021 16th O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 191
66 / 234
   70 33.29%   7.77% 15,391,055 Opposition
  Puducherry Legislative Assembly Elections[145]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1974 4th M. G. Ramachandran 21
12 / 30
   12 27.83%   60,812 Government
1977 5th 27
14 / 30
   2 30.96%   3.13% 69,873
1980 6th 18
0 / 30
   14 18.60%   12.36% 45,623 Lost
1985 7th 10
6 / 30
   6 15.75%   2.85% 47,521 Opposition
1990 8th J. Jayalalithaa 13
3 / 30
   3 18.17%   2.42% 76,337
1991 9th 10
6 / 30
   3 17.34%   0.83% 67,792
1996 10th 10
3 / 30
   3 12.53%   4.81% 57,678
2001 11th 20
3 / 30
   12.56%   0.03% 59,926 Government
2006 12th 18
3 / 30
   16.04%   3.48% 90,699 Others
2011 13th 10
5 / 30
   2 13.75%   2.29% 95,960
2016 14th 30
4 / 30
   1 16.82%   3.07% 134,597
2021 15th O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 5
0 / 30
   4 4.14%   12.68% 34,623 Lost
  Karnataka Legislative Assembly Elections[146]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1978 6th M. G. Ramachandran 7   0.18%   22,310 Lost
1983 7th 1   1 0.13%   0.05% 16,234 Opposition
1989 9th J. Jayalalithaa 1   0.18%   0.05% 32,928 Government
1994 10th 4   0.24%   0.06% 50,696 Opposition
1999 11th 13   0.18%   0.06% 39,865 Government
2004 12th 2   1 0.07%   0.11% 16,737 Lost
2008 13th 7   0.03%   0.04% 9,088
2013 14th 5   0.03%   10,280
2018 15th O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 3   0.01%   0.02% 2,072
  Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections[147]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1977 5th M. G. Ramachandran 2   0.02%   2,114 Lost
1980 6th 1   0.00%   0.02% 224
2006 12th J. Jayalalithaa 29   0.12%   0.12% 19,078
2011 13th 4   0.01%   0.11% 2,448
2016 14th 7   0.17%   0.16% 33,440
2021 15th O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 1   0.05%   0.12% 10,376
  Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections[148]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1978 6th M. G. Ramachandran 9   0.19%   38,691 Lost
1994 10th J. Jayalalithaa 2   0.05%   0.14% 14,251
1999 11th 5   0.02%   0.03% 7,281
  Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections[149]
Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome
1999 10th J. Jayalalithaa 3   0.01%   3,711 Lost
2009 12th 2   0.01%   2,587

Current office bearers and prominent members edit

Member Position in Government Party Position
Edappadi K. Palaniswami General Secretary
A. Thamizhmahan Hussain
  • Former Chairperson of Tamil Nadu Waqf Board
 Presidium Chairman
K. P. Munusamy Deputy General Secretary
Dindigul C. Sreenivasan Treasurer
Natham R. Viswanathan Deputy General Secretary
C. Ponnaiyan
  • Former Minister for Finance of Tamil Nadu
 All World M.G.R. Manram Secretary
M. Thambidurai Propaganda Secretary
S. P. Velumani Headquarters Secretary
Pollachi V. Jayaraman Election Wing Secretary
B. Valarmathi
  • Former Minister for Social Welfare and Nutritious Noon Meal Programme of Tamil Nadu
 Women's Wing Secretary
R. B. Udhayakumar Puratchi Thalaivi Peravai Secretary
Agri S.S. Krishnamoorthy Agriculture Wing Secretary
P. Venugopal Medical Wing Secretary
Vaigaichelvan
  • Former Minister for School Education of Tamil Nadu
 Literary Wing Secretary
R. Kamalakannan   Anna Thozhirsanga Peravai Secretary
S. R. Vijayakumar Students' Wing Secretary
N. R. Sivapathi
  • Former Minister for Animal Husbandry of Tamil Nadu
 M.G.R. Youth Wing Secretary
S. T. Chellapandian
  • Former Minister for Labour of Tamil Nadu
 Trade Wing Secretary
K. Sankaradas   Unorganised Drivers' Wing Secretary
R. V. Udayakumar   Arts Wing Secretary
V. P. B. Paramasivam Youth Camps and Young Girls Camps Secretary
I. S. Inbadurai Advocates Wing Secretary
S. Abdul Rahim
  • Former Minister for Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare of Tamil Nadu
 Minorities Welfare Wing Secretary
V. V. R. Raj Satyen   IT Wing Secretary
State Unit Secretaries
A. Anbalagan Puducherry Unit Secretary
M. V. Omalingam   Karaikal District Secretary
Vacant   Karnataka Unit Secretary
V. Ambrose Wilson   Andhra Pradesh Unit Secretary
A. A. Panidan   Telangana Unit Secretary
R. Ganesh   Maharashtra Unit Secretary
G. Shobakumar   Kerala Unit Secretary
M.G.R. S. Mathi   National Capital Territory of Delhi Unit Secretary
V. S. Baskaran   Andaman and Nicobar Islands Unit Secretary

List of party leaders edit

General Secretaries edit

Further information: General Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   M. G. Ramachandran
(1917–1987) 		17 October 1972 22 June 1978 6 years, 316 days
17 October 1986 24 December 1987
2   V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
(1920–2000) 		23 June 1978 10 June 1980 1 year, 353 days
3   P. U. Shanmugam
(1924–2007) 		11 June 1980 13 March 1985 4 years, 275 days
4   S. Raghavanandam
(1917–1999) 		14 March 1985 16 October 1986 1 year, 216 days
5   J. Jayalalithaa
(1948–2016) 		1 January 1988 5 December 2016 28 years, 339 days
Acting   V. K. Sasikala
(1954–) 		31 December 2016 17 February 2017 48 days
Interim   Edappadi K. Palaniswami
(1954–) 		11 July 2022 27 March 2023 1 year, 274 days
6 28 March 2023 Incumbent

Coordinators edit

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   Coordinator
O. Panneerselvam
(1951–) 		21 August 2017 23 June 2022 4 years, 306 days
  Joint Coordinator
Edappadi K. Palaniswami
(1954–)

Legislative leaders edit

List of union cabinet ministers edit

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portfolio Term in office Constituency
(House) 		Prime Minister
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   Sathiavani Muthu
(1923–1999) 		Ministry of Social Welfare 19 August 1979 23 December 1979 126 days Tamil Nadu
(Rajya Sabha) 		Charan Singh
2   Aravinda Bala Pajanor
(1935–2013) 		Ministry of Petroleum, Chemicals and Fertilizers Puducherry
(Lok Sabha)
3   Sedapatti R. Muthiah
(1945–2022) 		Ministry of Surface Transport 19 March 1998 8 April 1998 20 days Periyakulam
(Lok Sabha) 		Atal Bihari Vajpayee
4   M. Thambidurai
(1947–) 		Ministry of Law and Justice and Company Affairs 19 March 1998 8 April 1999 1 year, 20 days Karur
(Lok Sabha)
Ministry of Surface Transport 8 April 1998 1 year

List of chief ministers edit

Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu edit

Further information: List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Ministry
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   M. G. Ramachandran
(1917–1987) 		30 June 1977 17 February 1980 10 years, 65 days 6th
(1977) 		Aruppukkottai Ramachandran I
9 June 1980 9 February 1985 7th
(1980) 		Madurai West Ramachandran II
10 February 1985 24 December 1987 8th
(1984) 		Andipatti Ramachandran III
Acting   V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
(1920–2000) 		24 December 1987 7 January 1988 14 days Athoor Nedunchezhiyan II
2   V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
(1923–1996) 		7 January 1988 30 January 1988 23 days did not contest Janaki
3   J. Jayalalithaa
(1948–2016) 		24 June 1991 12 May 1996 14 years, 124 days 10th
(1991) 		Bargur Jayalalithaa I
14 May 2001 21 September 2001 12th
(2001) 		did not contest Jayalalithaa II
2 March 2002 12 May 2006 Andipatti Jayalalithaa III
16 May 2011 27 September 2014 14th
(2011) 		Srirangam Jayalalithaa IV
23 May 2015 22 May 2016 Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar Jayalalithaa V
23 May 2016 5 December 2016 15th
(2016) 		Jayalalithaa VI
4   O. Panneerselvam
(1951–) 		21 September 2001 2 March 2002 1 year, 105 days 12th
(2001) 		Periyakulam Panneerselvam I
28 September 2014 23 May 2015 14th
(2011) 		Bodinayakanur Panneerselvam II
6 December 2016 15 February 2017 15th
(2016) 		Panneerselvam III
5   Edappadi K. Palaniswami
(1954–) 		16 February 2017 6 May 2021 4 years, 79 days Edappadi Palaniswami

Chief Minister of Puducherry edit

Further information: List of chief ministers of Puducherry
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Ministry
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   S. Ramassamy
(1939–2017) 		6 March 1974 28 March 1974 1 year, 155 days 4th
(1974) 		Karaikal South Ramassamy I
2 July 1977 12 November 1978 5th
(1977) 		Ramassamy II

List of deputy chief ministers edit

Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu edit

Further information: List of deputy chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Chief Minister
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   O. Panneerselvam
(1951–) 		21 August 2017 6 May 2021 3 years, 258 days 15th
(2016) 		Bodinayakanur Edappadi K. Palaniswami

List of deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha edit

Further information: Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Lok Sabha
(Election) 		Constituency Speaker
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   M. Thambidurai
(1947–) 		22 January 1985 27 November 1989 9 years, 229 days 8th
(1984) 		Dharmapuri Balram Jakhar
13 August 2014 25 May 2019 16th
(2014) 		Karur Sumitra Mahajan

List of union ministers of state edit

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portfolio Term in office Constituency
(House) 		Cabinet Minister Prime Minister
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   R. K. Kumar
(1942–1999) 		Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs 19 March 1998 22 May 1998 64 days Tamil Nadu
(Rajya Sabha) 		Madan Lal Khurana Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Ministry of Finance 20 March 1998 63 days Yashwant Sinha
2   Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan
(1929–2020) 		Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions 20 March 1998 8 April 1999 1 year, 19 days Tirunelveli
(Lok Sabha) 		Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Ministry of Finance 22 May 1998 321 days Yashwant Sinha

List of speakers edit

Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit

Further information: List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   Munu Adhi
(1926–2005) 		6 July 1977 18 June 1980 2 years, 348 days 6th
(1977) 		Tambaram
2   K. Rajaram
(1926–2008) 		21 June 1980 24 February 1985 4 years, 248 days 7th
(1980) 		Panamarathupatti
3   P. H. Pandian
(1945–2020) 		27 February 1985 5 February 1989 3 years, 344 days 8th
(1984) 		Cheranmadevi
4   Sedapatti R. Muthiah
(1945–2022) 		3 July 1991 21 May 1996 4 years, 323 days 10th
(1991) 		Sedapatti
5   K. Kalimuthu
(1942–2006) 		24 May 2001 1 February 2006 4 years, 253 days 12th
(2001) 		Thirumangalam
6   D. Jayakumar
(1960–) 		27 May 2011 29 September 2012 1 year, 125 days 14th
(2011) 		Royapuram
7   P. Dhanapal
(1951–) 		10 October 2012 24 May 2016 8 years, 196 days Rasipuram
3 June 2016 3 May 2021 15th
(2016) 		Avanashi

Speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly edit

Further information: List of speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   S. Pakkiam
(unknown–unknown) 		26 March 1974 28 March 1974 2 days 4th
(1974) 		Bussy

List of deputy speakers edit

Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Speaker
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   Su. Thirunavukkarasar
(1949–) 		6 July 1977 17 February 1980 2 years, 226 days 6th
(1977) 		Arantangi Munu Adhi
2   P. H. Pandian
(1945–2020) 		21 June 1980 15 November 1984 4 years, 147 days 7th
(1980) 		Cheranmadevi K. Rajaram
3   V. P. Balasubramanian
(1946–) 		27 February 1985 30 January 1988 2 years, 337 days 8th
(1984) 		Vedasandur P. H. Pandian
4   K. Ponnusamy
(Unknown–) 		3 July 1991 16 May 1993 1 year, 317 days 10th
(1991) 		Marungapuri Sedapatti R. Muthiah
5   S. Gandhirajan
(1951–) 		27 October 1993 13 May 1996 2 years, 199 days Vedasandur
6   A. Arunachalam
(Unknown–) 		24 May 2001 12 May 2006 4 years, 353 days 12th
(2001) 		Varahur K. Kalimuthu
7   P. Dhanapal
(1951–) 		27 May 2011 9 October 2012 1 year, 135 days 14th
(2011) 		Rasipuram D. Jayakumar
8   Pollachi V. Jayaraman
(1952–) 		29 October 2012 21 May 2016 8 years, 174 days Udumalaipettai P. Dhanapal
3 June 2016 3 May 2021 15th
(2016) 		Pollachi

List of leaders of the opposition edit

Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit

Further information: List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   J. Jayalalithaa
(1948–2016) 		9 February 1989 1 December 1989 5 years, 280 days 9th
(1989) 		Bodinayakanur
29 May 2006 14 May 2011 13th
(2006) 		Andipatti
2   S. R. Eradha
(1934–2020) 		1 December 1989 19 January 1991 1 year, 49 days 9th
(1989) 		Madurai East
3   O. Panneerselvam
(1951–) 		19 May 2006 28 May 2006 9 days 13th
(2006) 		Periyakulam
4   Edappadi K. Palaniswami
(1954–) 		11 May 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 335 days 16th
(2021) 		Edappadi

Leaders of the Opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly edit

Further information: List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   P. K. Loganathan
(1938–2013) 		16 March 1985 4 March 1990 4 years, 353 days 7th
(1985) 		Oupalam
2   V. M. C. V. Ganapathy
(1960–) 		4 July 1991 13 May 1996 4 years, 314 days 9th
(1991) 		Neravy – T. R. Pattinam

List of deputy leaders of the opposition edit

Deputy Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term in office Assembly
(Election) 		Constituency Leader of the Opposition
Assumed office Left office Time in office
1   Su. Thirunavukkarasar
(1949–) 		9 February 1989 19 January 1991 1 year, 344 days 9th
(1989) 		Aranthangi J. Jayalalithaa

S. R. Eradha

2   K. A. Sengottaiyan
(1948–) 		19 May 2006 28 May 2006 9 days 13th
(2006) 		Gobichettipalayam O. Panneerselvam
3   O. Panneerselvam
(1951–) 		29 May 2006 14 May 2011 6 years, 12 days Periyakulam J. Jayalalithaa
14 June 2021 11 July 2022 16th
(2021) 		Bodinayakanur Edappadi K. Palaniswami
4   R. B. Udhayakumar
(1973–) 		19 July 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 266 days Thirumangalam

See also edit

References edit

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April 10, 2024
india, anna, dravida, munnetra, kazhagam, transl, india, anna, dravidian, progressive, federation, abbr, aiadmk, indian, regional, political, party, with, great, influence, state, tamil, nadu, union, territory, puducherry, dravidian, party, founded, former, ch. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam transl All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation abbr AIADMK is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M G Ramachandran M G R at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer 7 The party is adhering to the policy of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C N Annadurai Anna collectively coined as Annaism by M G R 8 9 The party has won a seven time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state s history It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly All India Anna Dravida Munnetra KazhagamAbbreviationAIADMKGeneral SecretaryEdappadi K PalaniswamiParliamentary ChairpersonM ThambiduraiRajya Sabha LeaderM ThambiduraiTreasurerDindigul C SreenivasanFounderM G RamachandranFounded17 October 1972 51 years ago 1972 10 17 Split fromDravida Munnetra KazhagamHeadquartersPuratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai 226 V P Raman Salai Royapettah Chennai 600014 Tamil Nadu India NewspaperNamadhu Amma Tamil 1 Student wingAIADMK Students WingYouth wingM G R Youth WingWomen s wingAIADMK Women s WingLabour wingAnna Thozhirsanga PeravaiPeasant s wingAIADMK Agriculture WingIdeologyPopulismSocialismSecularismProgressivismSocial equalityTamil nationalism 2 3 Political positionCentre 4 to Centre left 5 Colours GreenECI StatusState party 6 AllianceAIADMK led AllianceSeats in Lok Sabha0 543Seats in Rajya Sabha3 245Seats in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly62 234Seats in Puducherry Legislative Assembly0 30Number of states and union territories in government0 31Election symbolParty flagWebsitewww aiadmk comPolitics of IndiaPolitical partiesElectionsFrom 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016 the AIADMK was led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J Jayalalithaa Amma as general secretary of the party She was admired as the Mother of the party by her cadre 10 and was highly popular among the Tamil populace until her death in 2016 11 From 21 August 2017 to 23 June 2022 the party was led under the dual leadership of the former chief ministers of Tamil Nadu O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami as coordinator and joint coordinator respectively 12 13 14 From 11 July 2022 the AIADMK is led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K Palaniswami E P S as general secretary of the party 15 16 17 The headquarters of the party is called Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai which is located at V P Raman Salai Royapettah Chennai The building was donated to the party in 1986 by M G R s wife and the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu V N Janaki Ramachandran Puratchi Thalaivar M G R MaaligaiHeadquarters of the party Contents 1 Ideology and policies 1 1 Culture 1 2 Economy 1 3 Social justice 1 4 State water policy 1 5 Environment and nature 2 History 2 1 M G Ramachandran era 1972 87 2 1 1 Succession conflict between the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions 2 2 J Jayalalithaa era 1989 2016 2 2 1 Expansion beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry 2 3 V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran era 2016 17 2 3 1 Expulsion of V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran 2 4 O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami era 2017 22 2 4 1 Legal fight for the party by V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran 2 4 2 Tensions with BJP 2 4 3 Leadership tussle between O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami 2 5 Edappadi K Palaniswami era 2022 present 3 Electoral performance 3 1 Indian general elections 3 2 State legislative assembly elections 4 Current office bearers and prominent members 5 List of party leaders 5 1 General Secretaries 5 2 Coordinators 6 Legislative leaders 6 1 List of union cabinet ministers 6 2 List of chief ministers 6 2 1 Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu 6 2 2 Chief Minister of Puducherry 6 3 List of deputy chief ministers 6 3 1 Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu 6 4 List of deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha 6 5 List of union ministers of state 6 6 List of speakers 6 6 1 Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 6 6 2 Speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly 6 7 List of deputy speakers 6 7 1 Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 6 8 List of leaders of the opposition 6 8 1 Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 6 8 2 Leaders of the Opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly 6 9 List of deputy leaders of the opposition 6 9 1 Deputy Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 7 See also 8 References 8 1 Bibliography 9 External linksIdeology and policies edit nbsp Dr C N AnnaduraiIdeologue of the party The AIADMK sought to depoliticize the education policy of the government by not insisting that education be in the Tamil language Policies of the AIADMK were targeted at the poorer segments of Tamil society the poor rickshaw pullers and destitute women and centralizing the massive noon meal scheme for children 18 There was ambivalence toward the reservation policy and the interests of farmers 19 The party functions on the principles of its predecessors and the former chief ministers of Tamil Nadu C N Annadurai M G Ramachandran and J Jayalalithaa 20 The AIADMK posted an array of welfare schemes targeting the human development index of the state The AIADMK has schemes listed in the election manifestos covering segments of the population including fishermen farmers and schoolchildren Until the 2000s the parties had welfare programmes such as maternity leave subsidies for public transportation and educational grants After the 2000s the parties started competing at an increasing level for the distribution of consumer goods The AIADMK government distributed free bicycles to class 11 and 12 students during its tenure of 2001 06 In its manifesto for the 2006 assembly elections the DMK promised free colour televisions in competition with other parties The competition continued during the 2011 assembly elections when both parties announced free laptops for school students and mixers fans and blenders for the public 21 Culture edit The party remains firm in its support for the two language policy in opposition to center left demands to have Hindi as the sole lingua franca language where Tamil and English are the two main languages of Tamil Nadu 22 The party provided 1 lakh US 1 300 for temples of local deities in 2016 23 Economy edit In 2012 the AIADMK Government announced the Vision 2023 document which embodied a strategic plan for infrastructure development that included raising the per capita income of residents to 10 thousand per annum matching the Human Development Index to that of developed countries by 2023 providing high quality infrastructure all over the state and making Tamil Nadu the knowledge capital and innovation hub of India This project had three components the overall vision document the compilation of the project profile and the road map 24 In the spring of 2019 the party lauded the economic policies of the Narendra Modi led central government stating that the central government had ushered in economic stability and made the country a decisive player in regional economics and voiced support for the Goods and Services Tax GST which had been opposed by their rival the DMK 25 During the AIADMK regime Tamil Nadu was the best performing big state overall from 2018 to 2021 With a gross state domestic product of 290 billion or 21 6 lakh crore Tamil Nadu became India s second largest economy 26 27 28 Social justice edit In 1980 the AIADMK under M G Ramachandran reversed his decision on economic criteria after the AIADMK faced a close defeat in the Indian general election in Tamil Nadu He further raised the quota for the backward classes from 31 percent to 50 percent bringing the total reservation to 68 percent 29 In 1993 the AIADMK government under J Jayalalithaa passed the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Bill 1993 in the Assembly Act 45 of 1994 30 The bill was sent to the president for approval The government led a cross party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the central government She also demanded that the Tamil Nadu government s act be placed in the ninth schedule of the Indian Constitution ensuring that the law cannot be challenged in any court 31 Later the president s assent was received on 19 July 1994 and it confirmed the 69 percent reservation for Tamil Nadu 32 On 20 February 2016 the J Jayalalithaa led AIADMK government passed the Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws Amendment Act 2016 and the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Amendment Act 2016 in the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly enhancing the reservation for women from 33 percent to 50 percent in local bodies such as municipal corporations municipalities town panchayats and village panchayats of the state 33 34 State water policy edit In 2006 the AIADMK initiated a case in the Supreme Court to uphold the state s rights on the Mullaperiyar Dam issue As a result in May 2014 a Supreme Court verdict allowed the Tamil Nadu State to increase the storage level in the Mullaperiyar Dam to 142 feet from 136 feet and struck down the unconstitutional law enacted by the Government of Kerala in 2006 restricting the storage level to 136 feet 35 This Supreme Court decision ensured the farmers and people s livelihoods in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu 36 In February 2013 the Government of India notified the final award of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal CWDT on the directions of the Supreme Court After 22 years of legal battle then Chief Minister Jayalalithaa called it a tremendous achievement of her government that the state had received due justice 37 Then Jayalalithaa said that it was the happiest day of her life and the happiest day for the farmers in Tamil Nadu she recalled her famous fast unto death at Marina Beach in 1993 38 39 40 Environment and nature edit The AIADMK was one of two parties along with the BJP to not voice opposition against a ban on cattle slaughter through the national Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act However it has sought an exemption in the Act regarding traditional bull fighting 41 the party supports popular opinion in Tamil Nadu that traditional bull fighting known as Jallikattu should not be banned by the central government due to an APEX court ruling against animal cruelty 42 During the controversy the party called for animal rights organization PETA to be banned 43 In March 2017 the AIADMK government implemented the Kudimaramathu Scheme to rejuvenate water bodies with the participation of agriculturalists reviving the age old practice of community participation in the maintenance and management of tank irrigation systems 44 In May 2018 the AIADMK government has ordered the closure of the Sterlite Copper factory in Thoothukkudi in the interest of the people knowing that the air and water in the city are being heavily polluted by the factory which has been at the center of violent protests by locals to protect and improve the environment 45 In February 2020 the AIADMK government declared the Cauvery Delta region a protected special agriculture zone This announcement was widely hailed by political parties and farmer organizations 46 47 48 The AIADMK opposes the building of the Mekedatu Dam which could reduce water flows into Tamil Nadu and negatively affect quality of life for residents and agriculture 49 History editM G Ramachandran era 1972 87 edit nbsp Dr M G RamachandranFounder of the party The party was founded on 17 October 1972 as Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ADMK by M G Ramachandran M G R a veteran Tamil film star and popular politician It was set up as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after its president M Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer 50 M G R who wanted to start a new political party then incorporated into Anakaputhur Ramalingam s party which had registered under the name ADMK He then quoted I joined the party started by an ordinary volunteer and gave the post of Member of Legislative Council MLC to Ramalingam Later M G R prefixed the All India AI tag to the party s name to protect the party during the Maintenance of Internal Security Act MISA 51 Since its inception the relationship between the AIADMK and DMK has been marked by mutual contempt M G R used his fan club to build the party cadre he claims his party recruited more than a million members in the first two months C N Annadurai s ideologue and movie producer turned politician R M Veerappan was the key architect in unifying M G R fan clubs and further consolidating the party structure in the 1970s Other key leaders such as Nanjil K Manoharan and S D Somasundaram played major roles in consolidation 52 Pavalar M Muthusamy was elected the first presidium chairman of the party 53 Then Communist Party of India CPI state secretary M Kalyanasundaram who strongly backed M G R and played a crucial role in shaping his political career by teaming up with the fledgling AIADMK M G R along with Kalyanasundaram presented to governor of Tamil Nadu K K Shah to charge against the Karunanidhi led DMK government in November 1972 54 55 The party s first victories were the wins of K Maya Thevar in the Dindigul parliamentary bye election in May 1973 56 and of C Aranganayagam in the Coimbatore West assembly bye election a year later On 2 April 1973 the AIADMK emerged as the third largest political party in Tamil Nadu represented by 11 MLAs in the assembly By January 1976 the AIADMK had emerged as the second largest political party in Tamil Nadu with 16 MLAs in the assembly By supporting the National Emergency between 1975 and 1977 the AIADMK grew close to the Indian National Congress party The DMK led government was dismissed by a central government on corruption charges in 1976 The AIADMK swept to power defeating the DMK in the 1977 assembly election M G R was sworn in as the third chief minister of Tamil Nadu on 30 June 1977 In the 1977 general election the party won 18 seats 50 In 1979 the AIADMK became the first Dravidian and regional party to join the Union Cabinet Sathiavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor were the members of parliament who joined the short lived Union Ministry led by then prime minister Charan Singh 51 The relationship between the AIADMK and the INC slowly became strained In the 1980 general election the INC aligned with the DMK and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats The AIADMK won just two seats 57 After returning to power Indira Gandhi dismissed a number of state governments belonging to the opposition parties including the AIADMK government in Tamil Nadu In the 1980 assembly election with the opposition DMK continuing the electoral alliance with the INC In a massive reversal of fortunes following the Lok Sabha elections the AIADMK won a comfortable majority in the state assembly with 129 of 234 seats M G R was sworn in as chief minister for the second time on 9 June 1980 57 In the 1984 general election the party again aligned with the INC and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats In the 1984 assembly election even with M G R s failing health and hospitalization the party won the election M G R returned to Tamil Nadu on 4 February 1985 following his recovery 58 He was sworn in as chief minister for the third time on 10 February 1985 Many political historians consider M G R s persona and charisma at this point in time to be infallible and a logical continuation of his on screen good lad image strengthened by his mythical status in the minds of the masses M G R continued to enjoy popular support in his third term until his death 59 He died on 24 December 1987 and became the second chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna Succession conflict between the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions edit Following M G R s death his wife actress turned politician V N Janaki Ramachandran rose to the party s leadership with the support of R M Veerappan and 98 MLAs On 1 January 1988 Jayalalithaa was elected general secretary of the AIADMK by the prominent members of her faction and it was ratified by the party general council convened by her the next day 60 61 Janaki served as the state s first female chief minister for 23 days from 7 January 1988 until the state assembly was dissolved on 30 January 1988 and President s Rule was imposed The party began to crumble due to infighting and broke into two factions one under Janaki Ramachandran and the other under J Jayalalithaa an associate of M G R and another film actress turned politician who had starred with M G R The Election Commission of India froze the Two Leaves symbol on 17 December 1988 62 The 1989 assembly election saw the DMK regain power after 13 years with M Karunanidhi returning as chief minister for the third time Due to its split the AIADMK suffered heavily in the election with the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions winning only 2 and 27 seats respectively 59 Following the AIADMK s rout in the election the factions led by Jayalalithaa and Janaki merged under Jayalalithaa s leadership on 7 February 1989 as Janaki decided to quit politics as it was not her forte On 8 February 1989 then Chief Election Commissioner R V S Peri Sastri granted the Two Leaves symbol to the united AIADMK led by Jayalalithaa 63 J Jayalalithaa era 1989 2016 edit nbsp Dr J JayalalithaaFormer General Secretary of the party On 9 February 1989 the AIADMK led by J Jayalalithaa became the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and she became the first female leader of the opposition in the assembly In the 1989 general election the party allied with the Indian National Congress and the alliance won 39 out of 40 constituencies it contested in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry The DMK government was dismissed in 1991 by the central government headed by then prime minister Chandra Shekhar an ally of the AIADMK at that time on charges that the constitutional machinery in the state had broken down The party allied with the Indian National Congress INC and swept to power in the 1991 assembly election under her leadership and she became the second female and fifth chief minister of the state Political observers have ascribed the landslide victory to the anti incumbent wave arising out of the assassination of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi 59 by suspected Tamil separatists fighting for a homeland in neighbouring Sri Lanka The ensuing government was accused of large scale corruption but Jayalalithaa held on to power for a full term of five years In the 1996 assembly election the AIADMK continued its alliance with the INC but suffered a massive rout winning only 4 out of the 234 assembly seats with even the party s general secretary Jayalalithaa losing in the Bargur constituency 64 65 The party lost the 1996 general election by losing all the constituencies it contested In 1998 the AIADMK Silver Jubilee Conference was held in Tirunelveli by the party s general secretary J Jayalalithaa from January 1 to 3 Several alliance party leaders such as L K Advani S Ramadoss Subramanian Swamy S Ramadoss Valappaddy K Ramamurthy and Vaiko participated in it ahead of the Lok Sabha election that year 66 67 68 During the 1998 general election 64 the AIADMK revived its electoral fortunes when it formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party BJP and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam MDMK and the alliance won 30 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu In the Atal Bihari Vajpayee led government between 1998 and 1999 51 the AIADMK shared power with the BJP but withdrew its support of 18 Lok Sabha MPs in early 1999 causing the BJP government to fall Following this the AIADMK once again allied with the INC in the 1999 general election and the alliance won 13 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu In the 2001 assembly election the AIADMK led alliance consisting of the Indian National Congress the Tamil Maanila Congress Moopanar TMC M the Left Front and the Pattali Makkal Katchi PMK regained power winning 197 seats to the AIADMK s 132 69 Due to the proceedings in a disproportionate asset case that occurred during her previous tenure Jayalalithaa was prevented from holding office On 21 September 2001 O Panneerselvam a close confidant of Jayalalithaa was appointed as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the first time Once the Supreme Court of India overturned Jayalalithaa s conviction and sentence in the case O Panneerselvam resigned on 2 March 2002 and Jayalalithaa was again sworn in as chief minister for the third time 69 Her second term was not marred by corruption scandals She took many popular decisions such as banning lottery tickets restricting the liquor and sand quarrying businesses to government agencies and banning tobacco product sales near schools and colleges She encouraged women to join the state police force by setting up all women s police stations and commissioning 150 women into the elite level police commandos in 2003 a first in India The women had the same training as men which included handling weapons detection and disposal of bombs driving horseback riding and adventure sports 70 She dispatched a special task force to the Sathyamangalam forests in October 2004 to track down notorious sandalwood smuggler Veerappan The operation was successful as he was killed by the task force on 18 October 2004 However despite the popular measures taken by the government in the 2004 general election the party in alliance with the BJP again was humiliated winning none of the 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state The Democratic Progressive Alliance DPA a DMK led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state swept the election Later in the 2006 assembly election in spite of media speculations of a hung assembly the AIADMK contesting with only the support of the MDMK and a few other smaller parties won 61 seats compared to the DMK s 96 and was pushed out of power by the DMK led congressional alliance of the PMK and the Left Front The AIADMK s electoral reversals continued in the 2009 general election However the party s performance was better than its debacle in 2004 and the AIADMK led alliance managed to win 12 seats with the AIADMK winning 9 seats nbsp Swearing in Ceremony of the Council of Ministers headed by Jayalalithaa on 16 May 2011Following widespread corruption a price rise a power cut and allegations of nepotism against the DMK government in the 2011 assembly election the party in alliance with parties like the left and actor turned politician Vijayakant s Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam DMDK swept the polls winning 203 seats with the AIADMK winning 150 Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time 69 In the union territory of Puducherry the AIADMK allied with N Rangasamy s All India N R Congress AINRC and won the 2011 assembly election which was held in parallel with the Tamil Nadu assembly election Rangasamy on the other hand formed the government without consulting the AIADMK and refused to share power with the pre election alliance partner So Jayalalithaa accused him of betraying the coalition On 9 February 2014 the 13 kg gold armor was donated by the general secretary of the AIADMK and the chief minister of Tamil Nadu J Jayalalithaa for adorning the 3 5 foot tall statue of Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar at Pasumpon in Ramanathapuram district The gold armor is estimated to be worth 4 crore The armor is kept in a nationalized bank locker in Madurai After the AIADMK party treasurer and the trustee of the memorial signing in the bank the golden armor would be taken out and handed over to the incharge of the memorial every year between October 28 and 30 for Guru Pooja and Thevar Jayanthi which is observed on October 30 of every year 71 72 73 The AIADMK s good electoral performance continued in the 2014 general election as well It opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections On 29 August 2014 74 J Jayalalithaa was elected as the general secretary of the party for the 7th consecutive term making her the longest serving general secretary of the party to date Earlier she was elected as general secretary on 1 January 1988 9 February 1989 23 June 1993 23 September 1998 10 September 2003 75 and 10 September 2008 76 During her longest tenure as general secretary V R Nedunchezhiyan K Kalimuthu Pulamaipithan 77 C Ponnaiyan 78 79 and E Madhusudhanan 80 served as the presidium chairmen of the party 53 On 27 September 2014 Jayalalithaa was convicted in the disproportionate assets case by a Special Court along with her associates V K Sasikala Ilavarasi and V N Sudhakaran and sentenced to four years simple imprisonment Jayalalithaa was also fined 100 crore and her associates were fined 10 crore each The case had political implications as it was the first time a ruling chief minister had to step down on account of a court sentence 81 Due to her resignation O Panneerselvam was sworn in as chief minister on 29 September 2014 82 Jayalalithaa was denied bail by the High Court and moved the Supreme Court for bail The Supreme Court granted bail on 17 October 2014 On 11 May 2015 the High Court of Karnataka said she was acquitted from that case and was again sworn in as chief minister for the fifth time 69 In the 2016 assembly election running without allies she swept the polls winning 135 out of 234 seats It was the most audacious decision made by her for the spectacular victory that no other political leader had ever made in the history of Tamil Nadu On 23 May 2016 Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the sixth time 69 On 22 September 2016 she was admitted to Apollo Hospital Chennai due to fever and dehydration After a prolonged illness she died on 5 December 2016 and became the third chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna and her mentor M G R Expansion beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry edit Under J Jayalalithaa s regime the party spread beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry It established state units in some other Indian states and union territories like Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra the National Capital Territory of Delhi and Telangana The party also has functionaries in other countries where Tamil people are present In Karnataka the party had members in the state assembly from 1983 to 2004 and has influence in the Tamil speaking areas of Bengaluru and Kolar In Andhra Pradesh Kerala and Maharashtra the party contested some legislative assembly elections but did not win a single seat in any of the elections V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran era 2016 17 edit After Jayalalithaa s death on 5 December 2016 her close aide V K Sasikala was selected unanimously as the Acting General Secretary of the party on 31 December 2016 83 84 On 5 February 2017 she was selected as the leader of the legislative assembly as chief minister O Panneerselvam rebelled against Sasikala and reported that he had been compelled to resign as Chief Minister bringing in a new twist to Tamil Nadu politics Due to a conviction in the disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa Sasikala was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment in the Bengaluru Central Prison Before that she appointed Edappadi K Palaniswami as legislative party leader Chief Minister She also appointed her nephew and former treasurer of the party T T V Dhinakaran as the deputy general secretary of the AIADMK party With the support of 123 MLAs Palaniswami became chief minister of Tamil Nadu On 23 March 2017 the Election Commission of India ECI gave separate party symbols to the two factions O Panneerselvam s faction known as AIADMK Puratchi Thalaivi Amma got the Electric Pole symbol and Edappadi K Palaniswami s faction known as AIADMK Amma got the Hat symbol By polls were announced in the Dr Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency which was vacated due to Jayalalithaa s death But the election commission cancelled the by polls after evidence of large scale bribery by the ruling AIADMK Amma surfaced On 17 April 2017 Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran who was also the candidate for AIADMK Amma for the by election at Dr Radhakrishnan Nagar regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the Election Commission of India for the AIADMK s election symbol However the Central District Tis Hazari Courts granted him bail on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the allegedly bribed public official T T V Dhinakaran started his party work on 5 August 2017 However the chief minister Edappadi K Palaniswami had a fallout with Dhinakaran and announced that the appointment of Dhinakaran as deputy general secretary was invalid So he claims We are the real AIADMK and 95 of its cadres are with us Expulsion of V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran edit On 12 September 2017 the AIADMK general council which had earlier appointed her cancelled V K Sasikala s appointment as general secretary and officially expelled her from the party as a primary member 85 86 Earlier on 10 August 2017 T T V Dhinakaran was sacked as deputy general secretary at the meeting headed by Edappadi K Palaniswami at Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai in Chennai 87 86 After completing her imprisonment at Bengaluru Central Prison Sasikala filed a case in the City Civil Court IV of Chennai in February 2021 but it upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary in April 2022 88 On 5 December 2023 the Madras High Court upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary 89 O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami era 2017 22 edit On 21 August 2017 both O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami factions of the AIADMK merged and O Panneerselvam was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with the portfolio of Finance He also holds portfolios for housing rural housing housing development the slum clearance board accommodation control town planning urban development and the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority A dual leadership system was amended in the constitution of the party by removing the designation of general secretary and constituting the new designations for the party s leadership O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami became the coordinator and joint coordinator of the AIADMK respectively 90 On 4 January 2018 O Panneerselvam was elected Leader of the House in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly On 12 September 2017 the AIADMK general council decided to cancel V K Sasikala s appointment as acting general secretary and officially expel her from the party though prominent members appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions Instead the late J Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of the AIADMK 85 86 A day after the merger of two AIADMK factions on 22 August 2017 19 MLAs 91 owing allegiance to ousted deputy general secretary T T V Dhinakaran submitted letters to the governor expressing lack of confidence in Chief Minister Edappadi K Palaniswami and withdrawing support from the government 91 18 out of those 19 MLAs were disqualified from office by the Speaker of the legislative assembly upon recommendation from the AIADMK Chief Whip After a prolonged legal battle the Speaker s orders were upheld by the Madras High Court and bye elections were held alongside the general parliamentary elections On 23 November 2017 the Election Commission of India granted the two leaves symbol to the O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami camp 92 On 24 February 2018 AIADMK s new mouthpiece Namadhu Amma a Tamil daily newspaper was launched marking the 70th birth anniversary of the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu and the former general secretary of AIADMK J Jayalalithaa fondly known as Amma 93 94 On 14 November 2018 the AIADMK launched News J named after the AIADMK former general secretary J Jayalalithaa to replace Jaya TV News J is the 24 7 Tamil news channel operated and managed by Mantaro Network Private Limited 95 96 Despite the popular measures taken by the government in the 2019 Lok Sabha election the party in alliance with the BJP again was humiliated winning one of the 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state The Secular Progressive Alliance SPA a DMK led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state swept the election by winning 38 seats Later in the 2021 assembly election the AIADMK led National Democratic Alliance consisting of the PMK BJP and a few other smaller parties won 75 seats compared to the 159 seats won by the DMK alliance and was pushed out of power by the DMK led secular progressive alliance After the election the AIADMK emerged as the main party of the opposition in the assembly by winning 66 seats On 11 May 2021 party joint coordinator Edappadi K Palaniswami was recognized as the Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and on 14 June 2021 party coordinator O Panneerselvam was recognized as the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by M Appavu Speaker of the Assembly Legal fight for the party by V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran edit After that V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran had appealed to the Delhi High Court which rejected their appeal and said that O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami were the original AIADMK Following that T T V Dhinakaran filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of India on March 15 and the bench of the Chief Justice of India dismissed his appeal against the Delhi High Court s decision in favor of the O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami camp Following this the General Council passed a resolution removing V K Sasikala from the post of General Secretary V K Sasikala and T T V Dhinakaran jointly filed a suit in the High Court challenging the decision of the General Council Since it was a civil case the case was transferred to the City Civil Court During the hearing on 9 April 2021 Dinakaran told the court that he would withdraw from the case as he had started a party called Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam At the same time Sasikala told the court that she wanted to continue the case The court dismissed her plea following an interlocutory application from AIADMK Coordinator O Panneerselvam and Joint Coordinator Edappadi K Palaniswami 97 Tensions with BJP edit In June 2022 the AIADMK and BJP were at odds publicly 98 AIADMK organization secretary C Ponnaiyan accused the BJP led Central government of stealing Tamil Nadu s revenue as well as blaming AIADMK for election losses the loss of minority community support and anti Tamil policies particularly those affecting students 99 He also called the alliance an electoral adjustment claiming that the BJP was attempting to expand at the cost of the AIADMK in Tamil Nadu and that its ideology is diametrically opposite that of the AIADMK 100 101 The event reportedly had party cadres reiterating these sentiments albeit in a lighter tone and agreeing that the BJP was attempting to wrest control of the state s opposition from the AIADMK 98 Leadership tussle between O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami edit On 14 June 2022 citing the party s troubles in the polls AIADMK district secretaries and other senior party members spoke out to shun the dual leadership system and came out publicly in favor of a strong unitary leader to strengthen the organization Supporters of Edappadi K Palaniswami pushed for the change in the party s leadership structure by staging a political coup against AIADMK Coordinator O Panneerselvam who had become weak within the party According to many sources of the AIADMK s 75 district secretaries hardly 10 supported him Of the party s 66 MLAs only three were reportedly on O Panneerselvam s side and less than 20 percent of the party s general council members were behind him ahead of the crucial general council meeting on 23 June 2022 which was expected to elect the single leadership to the party 102 On 23 June 2022 A Tamil Magan Hussain was unanimously elected as the Presidium Chairman of the party at a general council meeting held at the Shrivaaru Venkataachalapathy Palace in Vanagaram Chennai 103 104 On the same day Presidium Chairman Tamil Magan Hussain announced that the next general council meeting of the party would be held on 11 July 2022 105 106 On 30 June 2022 Edappadi K Palaniswami wrote a letter to O Panneerselvam asserting the latter ceased to be the party coordinator as the amendments made to the party s bylaw in the December 2021 executive committee meeting were not recognized in the general council meeting held on 23 June 2022 107 108 Expulsion of O PanneerselvamIn the general council meeting held on 11 July 2022 the general council members passed the resolution and expelled the former coordinator O Panneerselvam 109 the former deputy coordinator R Vaithilingam P H Manoj Pandian and J C D Prabhakar from their respective posts and primary membership in the party for anti party activities 110 111 On 11 July 2022 former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K Palaniswami was unanimously elected as the interim general secretary of the party in the general council meeting held at the Shrivaaru Venkatachalapathy Palace in Vanagaram Chennai 15 Palaniswami appointed Dindigul C Sreenivasan as the treasurer of the party replacing O Panneerselvam 112 On 19 July 2022 Palaniswami appointed R B Udhayakumar as the deputy leader of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly replacing Panneerselvam who declared this in the party s legislative members meeting held on 17 July 2022 113 114 Before the general council meeting there was violence at the Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai in Royapettah where the supporters of Palaniswami and Panneerselvam threw stones bottles and plastic chairs at each other and damaged several vehicles nearby 115 Following this the Revenue Department of Tamil Nadu sealed the Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai Overall 47 people were injured in the clashes 116 On 20 July 2022 the Madras High Court ordered to remove the seal of Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai and hand over the keys to the interim general secretary Edappadi K Palaniswami 117 It was previously locked and sealed on 11 July 2022 118 119 On 12 September 2022 the Supreme Court of India dismissed the petition of O Panneerselvam challenging the Madras High Court s order to handover the keys to Palaniswami 120 Legal fight for the party between Edappadi K Palaniswami and O PanneerselvamThe Madras High Court on 17 August 2022 ruled in favor of O Panneerselvam and declared the AIADMK general council meeting held on 11 July 2022 which had abolished dual leadership as void ab initio The court called for the restoration of the status quo as it existed on June 23 and has prevented the party from convening any meeting of the executive council or the general council of the party without joint consent from both Palaniswami and Panneerselvam thus effectively restoring dual leadership The court cited procedural lapses to declare the general council meeting held on July 11 invalid and found that there was no data to prove Edappadi K Palaniswami s claim that 95 of the 1 5 crore 15 million primary party members supported unitary leadership under him 121 122 123 124 Edappadi K Palaniswami appealed the single judge court order to a larger bench of judges 125 Following the order O Panneerselvam appealed for party unity which included the splinter AMMK group 126 Palaniswami dismissed this appeal as a power hungry move by Panneerselvam and held him responsible for violence at the Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai 127 On 2 September 2022 a division bench of the Madras High Court upheld the decisions of the AIADMK general council meeting held on 11 July 2022 and set aside the previous court order of the single judge in the appeal case of Edappadi K Palaniswami thus effectively restoring unitary leadership 128 129 On 23 February 2023 the Supreme Court of India upheld the decisions of the AIADMK general council meeting held on 11 July 2022 and dismissed the petition of O Panneerselvam challenging the previous order of the division bench thus affirming unitary leadership under Edappadi K Palaniswami 130 16 On 19 January 2024 the Supreme Court of India refused to stay the August 2023 order of the division bench of Madras High Court which dismissed the petitions of O Panneerselvam challenging resolutions passed by the general council held on 11 July 2022 that led to the expulsion of O Panneerselvam and his supporters from the party saying the interference at this stage will lead to huge chaos 131 Edappadi K Palaniswami era 2022 present edit nbsp Dr Edappadi K PalaniswamiGeneral Secretary of the party On 11 July 2022 an AIADMK general council meeting was held at the Shrivaaru Venkataachalapathy Palace in Vanagaram following the dismissal of a petition by O Panneerselvam in the Madras High Court 132 The party general council abolished the dual leadership model empowered Edappadi K Palaniswami as the interim general secretary and called for organizational elections in 4 months 133 The general council meeting made 20 amendments to the AIADMK bylaws including the removal of rule 20 which had described J Jayalalithaa as the eternal general secretary reviving the post of general secretary transferring all the powers of the coordinator and joint coordinator to the general secretary and abolishing the posts of coordinator and joint coordinator These changes effectively ended the party s dual leadership 134 On 28 March 2023 the Madras High Court ruled in favor of Edappadi K Palaniswami and dismissed the petitions of O Panneerselvam challenging the resolutions passed at the general council meeting held on 11 July 2022 On the same day AIADMK announced that Edappadi K Palaniswami was elected as the general secretary of the party through a general secretary election 135 136 On 20 April 2023 the Election Commission of India recognized Edappadi K Palaniswami as the general secretary of the party acknowledging the amendments to the party constitution and changes to the list of office bearers 17 137 On 10 July 2023 the Election Commission of India recognized the changes made in the party organization after the party s due election 138 On 20 August 2023 the Rising Conference of the AIADMK Golden Jubilee Celebrations was held in Madurai by the then newly elected party s general secretary Edappadi K Palaniswami and lakhs of party supporters attended the event 139 140 On 25 September 2023 the party s secretaries advisory meeting led by general secretary Edappadi K Palaniswami was held in the Puratchi Thalaivar M G R Maaligai At the meeting it was decided to withdraw from the Bharatiya Janata Party led National Democratic Alliance and it was officially announced by deputy general secretary K P Munusamy after the meeting 141 142 143 Electoral performance editIndian general elections edit nbsp Lok Sabha Elections Year Lok Sabha Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1977 6th M G Ramachandran 21 18 542 nbsp 18 2 90 nbsp 5 480 378 Government1980 7th 24 2 529 nbsp 16 2 36 nbsp 0 54 4 674 064 Opposition1984 8th 12 12 541 nbsp 10 1 69 nbsp 0 67 3 968 967 Government1989 9th J Jayalalithaa 11 11 529 nbsp 1 1 50 nbsp 0 19 4 518 649 Opposition1991 10th 11 11 534 nbsp 1 62 nbsp 0 12 4 470 542 Government1996 11th 10 0 543 nbsp 11 0 64 nbsp 0 98 2 130 286 Lost1998 12th 23 18 543 nbsp 18 1 83 nbsp 1 19 6 731 550 Government1999 13th 29 10 543 nbsp 8 1 93 nbsp 0 10 7 046 953 Opposition2004 14th 33 0 543 nbsp 10 2 19 nbsp 0 26 8 547 014 Lost2009 15th 23 9 543 nbsp 9 1 67 nbsp 0 52 6 953 591 Others2014 16th 40 37 543 nbsp 28 3 31 nbsp 1 64 18 111 5792019 17th O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami 22 1 543 nbsp 36 1 37 nbsp 1 94 8 307 345 Government2024 18th Edappadi K Palaniswami 35 TBA OthersState legislative assembly elections edit nbsp Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections 144 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1977 6th M G Ramachandran 200 130 234 nbsp 130 30 36 nbsp 5 194 876 Government1980 7th 177 129 234 nbsp 1 38 75 nbsp 8 39 7 303 0101984 8th 155 132 234 nbsp 3 37 03 nbsp 1 72 8 030 8091989 9th J Jayalalithaa 202 29 234 nbsp 103 21 77 nbsp 15 26 5 247 317 Opposition1991 10th 168 164 234 nbsp 135 44 39 nbsp 22 62 10 940 966 Government1996 11th 168 4 234 nbsp 160 21 47 nbsp 22 92 5 831 383 Others2001 12th 141 132 234 nbsp 128 31 44 nbsp 9 97 8 815 387 Government2006 13th 188 61 234 nbsp 71 32 64 nbsp 1 20 10 768 559 Opposition2011 14th 165 150 234 nbsp 89 38 40 nbsp 5 76 14 150 289 Government2016 15th 234 136 234 nbsp 14 41 06 nbsp 2 66 17 806 4902021 16th O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami 191 66 234 nbsp 70 33 29 nbsp 7 77 15 391 055 Opposition nbsp Puducherry Legislative Assembly Elections 145 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1974 4th M G Ramachandran 21 12 30 nbsp 12 27 83 nbsp 60 812 Government1977 5th 27 14 30 nbsp 2 30 96 nbsp 3 13 69 8731980 6th 18 0 30 nbsp 14 18 60 nbsp 12 36 45 623 Lost1985 7th 10 6 30 nbsp 6 15 75 nbsp 2 85 47 521 Opposition1990 8th J Jayalalithaa 13 3 30 nbsp 3 18 17 nbsp 2 42 76 3371991 9th 10 6 30 nbsp 3 17 34 nbsp 0 83 67 7921996 10th 10 3 30 nbsp 3 12 53 nbsp 4 81 57 6782001 11th 20 3 30 nbsp 12 56 nbsp 0 03 59 926 Government2006 12th 18 3 30 nbsp 16 04 nbsp 3 48 90 699 Others2011 13th 10 5 30 nbsp 2 13 75 nbsp 2 29 95 9602016 14th 30 4 30 nbsp 1 16 82 nbsp 3 07 134 5972021 15th O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami 5 0 30 nbsp 4 4 14 nbsp 12 68 34 623 Lost nbsp Karnataka Legislative Assembly Elections 146 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1978 6th M G Ramachandran 7 0 224 nbsp 0 18 nbsp 22 310 Lost1983 7th 1 1 224 nbsp 1 0 13 nbsp 0 05 16 234 Opposition1989 9th J Jayalalithaa 1 1 224 nbsp 0 18 nbsp 0 05 32 928 Government1994 10th 4 1 224 nbsp 0 24 nbsp 0 06 50 696 Opposition1999 11th 13 1 224 nbsp 0 18 nbsp 0 06 39 865 Government2004 12th 2 0 224 nbsp 1 0 07 nbsp 0 11 16 737 Lost2008 13th 7 0 224 nbsp 0 03 nbsp 0 04 9 0882013 14th 5 0 224 nbsp 0 03 nbsp 10 2802018 15th O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami 3 0 224 nbsp 0 01 nbsp 0 02 2 072 nbsp Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections 147 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1977 5th M G Ramachandran 2 0 140 nbsp 0 02 nbsp 2 114 Lost1980 6th 1 0 140 nbsp 0 00 nbsp 0 02 2242006 12th J Jayalalithaa 29 0 140 nbsp 0 12 nbsp 0 12 19 0782011 13th 4 0 140 nbsp 0 01 nbsp 0 11 2 4482016 14th 7 0 140 nbsp 0 17 nbsp 0 16 33 4402021 15th O Panneerselvam and Edappadi K Palaniswami 1 0 140 nbsp 0 05 nbsp 0 12 10 376 nbsp Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections 148 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1978 6th M G Ramachandran 9 0 294 nbsp 0 19 nbsp 38 691 Lost1994 10th J Jayalalithaa 2 0 294 nbsp 0 05 nbsp 0 14 14 2511999 11th 5 0 294 nbsp 0 02 nbsp 0 03 7 281 nbsp Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 149 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1999 10th J Jayalalithaa 3 0 288 nbsp 0 01 nbsp 3 711 Lost2009 12th 2 0 288 nbsp 0 01 nbsp 2 587Current office bearers and prominent members editMember Position in Government Party PositionEdappadi K Palaniswami Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Member of the Legislative Assembly from Edappadi Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu General SecretaryA Thamizhmahan Hussain Former Chairperson of Tamil Nadu Waqf Board Presidium ChairmanK P Munusamy Member of the Legislative Assembly from Veppanahalli Former Member of Parliament Lok Sabha from Krishnagiri Former Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha Deputy General SecretaryDindigul C Sreenivasan Member of the Legislative Assembly from Dindigul Former Member of Parliament Lok Sabha from Dindigul Former Minister for Forest of Tamil Nadu TreasurerNatham R Viswanathan Member of the Legislative Assembly from Natham Former Minister for Electricity Prohibition and Excise of Tamil Nadu Deputy General SecretaryC Ponnaiyan Former Minister for Finance of Tamil Nadu All World M G R Manram SecretaryM Thambidurai Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha Former Minister of Law Justice and Company Affairs of the Republic of India Former Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha Propaganda SecretaryS P Velumani Chief Whip of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Member of the Legislative Assembly from Thondamuthur Former Minister for Municipal Administration Rural Development and Implementation of Special Programme of Tamil Nadu Headquarters SecretaryPollachi V Jayaraman Member of the Legislative Assembly from Pollachi Former Deputy Speaker of the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly Election Wing SecretaryB Valarmathi Former Minister for Social Welfare and Nutritious Noon Meal Programme of Tamil Nadu Women s Wing SecretaryR B Udhayakumar Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Member of the Legislative Assembly from Thirumangalam Former Minister for Revenue and Disaster Management of Tamil Nadu Puratchi Thalaivi Peravai SecretaryAgri S S Krishnamoorthy Deputy Secretary of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Member of the Legislative Assembly from Polur Former Minister for Agriculture of Tamil Nadu Agriculture Wing SecretaryP Venugopal Former Member of Parliament Lok Sabha from Thiruvallur Medical Wing SecretaryVaigaichelvan Former Minister for School Education of Tamil Nadu Literary Wing SecretaryR Kamalakannan nbsp Anna Thozhirsanga Peravai SecretaryS R Vijayakumar Former Member of Parliament Lok Sabha from Chennai Central Students Wing SecretaryN R Sivapathi Former Minister for Animal Husbandry of Tamil Nadu M G R Youth Wing SecretaryS T Chellapandian Former Minister for Labour of Tamil Nadu Trade Wing SecretaryK Sankaradas nbsp Unorganised Drivers Wing SecretaryR V Udayakumar nbsp Arts Wing SecretaryV P B Paramasivam Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Vedasandur Youth Camps and Young Girls Camps SecretaryI S Inbadurai Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Radhapuram Advocates Wing SecretaryS Abdul Rahim Former Minister for Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare of Tamil Nadu Minorities Welfare Wing SecretaryV V R Raj Satyen nbsp IT Wing SecretaryState Unit SecretariesA Anbalagan Former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Oupalam Puducherry Unit SecretaryM V Omalingam nbsp Karaikal District SecretaryVacant nbsp Karnataka Unit SecretaryV Ambrose Wilson nbsp Andhra Pradesh Unit SecretaryA A Panidan nbsp Telangana Unit SecretaryR Ganesh nbsp Maharashtra Unit SecretaryG Shobakumar nbsp Kerala Unit SecretaryM G R S Mathi nbsp National Capital Territory of Delhi Unit SecretaryV S Baskaran nbsp Andaman and Nicobar Islands Unit SecretaryList of party leaders editGeneral Secretaries edit Further information General Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in officeAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp M G Ramachandran 1917 1987 17 October 1972 22 June 1978 6 years 316 days17 October 1986 24 December 19872 nbsp V R Nedunchezhiyan 1920 2000 23 June 1978 10 June 1980 1 year 353 days3 nbsp P U Shanmugam 1924 2007 11 June 1980 13 March 1985 4 years 275 days4 nbsp S Raghavanandam 1917 1999 14 March 1985 16 October 1986 1 year 216 days5 nbsp J Jayalalithaa 1948 2016 1 January 1988 5 December 2016 28 years 339 daysActing nbsp V K Sasikala 1954 31 December 2016 17 February 2017 48 daysInterim nbsp Edappadi K Palaniswami 1954 11 July 2022 27 March 2023 1 year 274 days6 28 March 2023 IncumbentCoordinators edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in officeAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp CoordinatorO Panneerselvam 1951 21 August 2017 23 June 2022 4 years 306 days nbsp Joint CoordinatorEdappadi K Palaniswami 1954 Legislative leaders editList of union cabinet ministers edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Portfolio Term in office Constituency House Prime MinisterAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp Sathiavani Muthu 1923 1999 Ministry of Social Welfare 19 August 1979 23 December 1979 126 days Tamil Nadu Rajya Sabha Charan Singh2 nbsp Aravinda Bala Pajanor 1935 2013 Ministry of Petroleum Chemicals and Fertilizers Puducherry Lok Sabha 3 nbsp Sedapatti R Muthiah 1945 2022 Ministry of Surface Transport 19 March 1998 8 April 1998 20 days Periyakulam Lok Sabha Atal Bihari Vajpayee4 nbsp M Thambidurai 1947 Ministry of Law and Justice and Company Affairs 19 March 1998 8 April 1999 1 year 20 days Karur Lok Sabha Ministry of Surface Transport 8 April 1998 1 yearList of chief ministers edit Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu edit Further information List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election Constituency MinistryAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp M G Ramachandran 1917 1987 30 June 1977 17 February 1980 10 years 65 days 6th 1977 Aruppukkottai Ramachandran I9 June 1980 9 February 1985 7th 1980 Madurai West Ramachandran II10 February 1985 24 December 1987 8th 1984 Andipatti Ramachandran IIIActing nbsp V R Nedunchezhiyan 1920 2000 24 December 1987 7 January 1988 14 days Athoor Nedunchezhiyan II2 nbsp V N Janaki Ramachandran 1923 1996 7 January 1988 30 January 1988 23 days did not contest Janaki3 nbsp J Jayalalithaa 1948 2016 24 June 1991 12 May 1996 14 years 124 days 10th 1991 Bargur Jayalalithaa I14 May 2001 21 September 2001 12th 2001 did not contest Jayalalithaa II2 March 2002 12 May 2006 Andipatti Jayalalithaa III16 May 2011 27 September 2014 14th 2011 Srirangam Jayalalithaa IV23 May 2015 22 May 2016 Dr Radhakrishnan Nagar Jayalalithaa V23 May 2016 5 December 2016 15th 2016 Jayalalithaa VI4 nbsp O Panneerselvam 1951 21 September 2001 2 March 2002 1 year 105 days 12th 2001 Periyakulam Panneerselvam I28 September 2014 23 May 2015 14th 2011 Bodinayakanur Panneerselvam II6 December 2016 15 February 2017 15th 2016 Panneerselvam III5 nbsp Edappadi K Palaniswami 1954 16 February 2017 6 May 2021 4 years 79 days Edappadi PalaniswamiChief Minister of Puducherry edit Further information List of chief ministers of Puducherry No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election Constituency MinistryAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp S Ramassamy 1939 2017 6 March 1974 28 March 1974 1 year 155 days 4th 1974 Karaikal South Ramassamy I2 July 1977 12 November 1978 5th 1977 Ramassamy IIList of deputy chief ministers edit Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu edit Further information List of deputy chief ministers of Tamil Nadu No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election Constituency Chief MinisterAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp O Panneerselvam 1951 21 August 2017 6 May 2021 3 years 258 days 15th 2016 Bodinayakanur Edappadi K PalaniswamiList of deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha edit Further information Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Lok Sabha Election Constituency SpeakerAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp M Thambidurai 1947 22 January 1985 27 November 1989 9 years 229 days 8th 1984 Dharmapuri Balram Jakhar13 August 2014 25 May 2019 16th 2014 Karur Sumitra MahajanList of union ministers of state edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Portfolio Term in office Constituency House Cabinet Minister Prime MinisterAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp R K Kumar 1942 1999 Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs 19 March 1998 22 May 1998 64 days Tamil Nadu Rajya Sabha Madan Lal Khurana Atal Bihari VajpayeeMinistry of Finance 20 March 1998 63 days Yashwant Sinha2 nbsp Kadambur M R Janarthanan 1929 2020 Ministry of Personnel Public Grievances and Pensions 20 March 1998 8 April 1999 1 year 19 days Tirunelveli Lok Sabha Atal Bihari VajpayeeMinistry of Finance 22 May 1998 321 days Yashwant SinhaList of speakers edit Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit Further information List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election ConstituencyAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp Munu Adhi 1926 2005 6 July 1977 18 June 1980 2 years 348 days 6th 1977 Tambaram2 nbsp K Rajaram 1926 2008 21 June 1980 24 February 1985 4 years 248 days 7th 1980 Panamarathupatti3 nbsp P H Pandian 1945 2020 27 February 1985 5 February 1989 3 years 344 days 8th 1984 Cheranmadevi4 nbsp Sedapatti R Muthiah 1945 2022 3 July 1991 21 May 1996 4 years 323 days 10th 1991 Sedapatti5 nbsp K Kalimuthu 1942 2006 24 May 2001 1 February 2006 4 years 253 days 12th 2001 Thirumangalam6 nbsp D Jayakumar 1960 27 May 2011 29 September 2012 1 year 125 days 14th 2011 Royapuram7 nbsp P Dhanapal 1951 10 October 2012 24 May 2016 8 years 196 days Rasipuram3 June 2016 3 May 2021 15th 2016 AvanashiSpeakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly edit Further information List of speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election ConstituencyAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp S Pakkiam unknown unknown 26 March 1974 28 March 1974 2 days 4th 1974 BussyList of deputy speakers edit Deputy Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election Constituency SpeakerAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp Su Thirunavukkarasar 1949 6 July 1977 17 February 1980 2 years 226 days 6th 1977 Arantangi Munu Adhi2 nbsp P H Pandian 1945 2020 21 June 1980 15 November 1984 4 years 147 days 7th 1980 Cheranmadevi K Rajaram3 nbsp V P Balasubramanian 1946 27 February 1985 30 January 1988 2 years 337 days 8th 1984 Vedasandur P H Pandian4 nbsp K Ponnusamy Unknown 3 July 1991 16 May 1993 1 year 317 days 10th 1991 Marungapuri Sedapatti R Muthiah5 nbsp S Gandhirajan 1951 27 October 1993 13 May 1996 2 years 199 days Vedasandur6 nbsp A Arunachalam Unknown 24 May 2001 12 May 2006 4 years 353 days 12th 2001 Varahur K Kalimuthu7 nbsp P Dhanapal 1951 27 May 2011 9 October 2012 1 year 135 days 14th 2011 Rasipuram D Jayakumar8 nbsp Pollachi V Jayaraman 1952 29 October 2012 21 May 2016 8 years 174 days Udumalaipettai P Dhanapal3 June 2016 3 May 2021 15th 2016 PollachiList of leaders of the opposition edit Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit Further information List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election ConstituencyAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp J Jayalalithaa 1948 2016 9 February 1989 1 December 1989 5 years 280 days 9th 1989 Bodinayakanur29 May 2006 14 May 2011 13th 2006 Andipatti2 nbsp S R Eradha 1934 2020 1 December 1989 19 January 1991 1 year 49 days 9th 1989 Madurai East3 nbsp O Panneerselvam 1951 19 May 2006 28 May 2006 9 days 13th 2006 Periyakulam4 nbsp Edappadi K Palaniswami 1954 11 May 2021 Incumbent 2 years 335 days 16th 2021 EdappadiLeaders of the Opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly edit Further information List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election ConstituencyAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp P K Loganathan 1938 2013 16 March 1985 4 March 1990 4 years 353 days 7th 1985 Oupalam2 nbsp V M C V Ganapathy 1960 4 July 1991 13 May 1996 4 years 314 days 9th 1991 Neravy T R PattinamList of deputy leaders of the opposition edit Deputy Leaders of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Assembly Election Constituency Leader of the OppositionAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp Su Thirunavukkarasar 1949 9 February 1989 19 January 1991 1 year 344 days 9th 1989 Aranthangi J Jayalalithaa S R Eradha2 nbsp K A Sengottaiyan 1948 19 May 2006 28 May 2006 9 days 13th 2006 Gobichettipalayam O Panneerselvam3 nbsp O Panneerselvam 1951 29 May 2006 14 May 2011 6 years 12 days Periyakulam J Jayalalithaa14 June 2021 11 July 2022 16th 2021 Bodinayakanur Edappadi K Palaniswami4 nbsp R B Udhayakumar 1973 19 July 2022 Incumbent 1 year 266 days ThirumangalamSee also editPolitics of India Elections in India Politics of Tamil Nadu Elections in Tamil Nadu Elections in Puducherry List of political parties in India List of political parties in Tamil NaduReferences edit AIADMK mouthpiece to be launched on February 24 thehindu 22 February 2018 Archived from the original on 10 July 2022 Retrieved 23 February 2018 P Price 1996 Revolution and Rank in Tamil Nationalism The Journal of Asian Studies 55 2 359 383 doi 10 2307 2943363 Pamela Price 1999 Relating to leadership in the Tamil nationalist movement C N Annadurai in person centred propaganda South Asia Journal of South Asian Studies 22 2 149 174 doi 10 1080 00856409908723369 AIADMK The Times of India 16 March 2021 Retrieved 14 September 2023 Ogden Chris 20 June 2019 A Dictionary of Politics and International Relations in India Oxford 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