fbpx
Wikipedia

Afshar people

February 06, 2023

Afshar (Azerbaijani: Əfşar افشار; Turkish: Avşar, Afşar; Turkmen: Owşar; Persian: اَفشار, romanized: Āfshār) is a tribe of Oghuz Turkic origin, that split into several groups in Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan.[4][5]

Afshar
Tamgha of Afshar according to Mahmud al-Kashgari, which represents Bonelli's eagle according to Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
Regions with significant populations
 Iran
200,000–342,000[1]
 Turkey,  Afghanistan
Languages
Afshar, Persian,[2] Turkish, Turkmen[3]
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Oghuz Turks

During the Seljuk conquests of the 11th century, they moved from Central Asia into the Middle East.[4] They are noted in history for being one of the Qizilbash tribes that helped establish the Safavid dynasty of Iran, and for being the source of descent of Iran's Afsharid dynasty.[4] Nader Shah, who became the monarch of Iran in 1736, was from the Qereklu tribe (Persian: قرخلو) of Afshars.[6][7] Afshars mainly inhabit Iran,[8] where they remain a largely nomadic group.[9]

Today, the Afshars are variously grouped as a branch of the Azerbaijanis[10][11] and Turkmens[12][13] or Turkomans (a common general term used for people of Oghuz Turkic origin).[14]

The founders of the Germiyanids,[15][16] Baku Khanate, Zanjan Khanate, Khalkhal Khanate, and Urmia Khanate were also of Afshar descent. The founder of the Karamanids may have also been of Afshar descent.[4]

According to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Afshar, the eponymous founder of the tribe, was a son of Yildiz Khan, the third son of Oghuz Khan. Afshar means "obedient".[17]

History

The earliest mention of the Afshar tribe can be found in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari, who flourished in c. 1075.[4] Kashgari mentioned the Afshar tribe sixth in his list of 22 Oghuz Turkic sub-tribes, and pointed out that the sub-tribal names are those of their ancestors "who gave birth to them in older times".[4]

In the 11th century, the first Afshar tribesmen entered Iran and Anatolia from Transoxania along with other Oghuz invaders.[4] More members of the Afshar tribe may have arrived during the Mongol conquests during the second half of the 13th century.[4] For a period afterwards, the Afshar tribe is untraceable in historic records as a distinct group, for they are subsumed under label of Turkoman.[4] Furthermore, it seems that the different Turkoman elements were subject to diverse re-grouping processes, insofar that when new "tribes" came into existence, only some were able to maintain traditional Oghuz tribal names, such as "Afshar".[4]

Georg Stöber explains that in the political environment of the time the ranking of the different groups supported by (constructed) genealogies became increasingly important.[4] Rashid al-Din Hamadani (died 1318) believed that the ancestor of the tribe was a person named "Afshar", who in turn was genealogically linked to the hero Oghuz.[4] The Afshar tribe were also said to be part of the right wing (bozuq) of the Oghuz army.[4]

In the 12th century, two governors (father and son) from the Afshar tribe held Khuzistan (southwestern Iran) for 40 years. The Karamanid dynasty, who held sway in the Middle Taurus (modern-day Turkey), may have been of Afshar descent.[4] Afshar tribesmen are said to have belonged to nomadic groups in the region of Sivas, and the tribe was part of the Ak Koyunlu Turkoman tribal confederacy.[4]

In later years, many Afshars moved to the east, where, as part of the Qizilbash, they aided in establishing the Safavid dynasty of Iran.[4] Other Afshars remained in Anatolia however, which at the time was Ottoman soil. There, on Ottoman soil, they formed separate groups.[4] During the 19th century nomads in the Çukurova, who were known to migrate between Syria in the winter and Anatolia in summer, were forcibly settled by the Ottoman Darwish Pasha in the area of Göksun and Kayseri; in the mid-twentieth century, villagers of Afshar descent could still be found in the vicinity of the latter two areas.[4]

The eastward movement of the Afshars from Anatolia is connected to the foundation of Iran's Safavid dynasty.[4] The Afshars were part of the Qizilbash that served Shah Ismail I (r. 1501–1524), the founder of the dynasty.[4] The individual Qizilbash tribes were in all likelihood not groups of common descent but composites, and were followers of a chief, of mixed origin, and were not necessarily all Turkomans.[4] Stöber therefore explains that it is impossible to regard the Afshars of the 16th century as direct genealogical descendants of the Oghuz Afshar of the 11th century.[4]

Afshar tribes

List of Afshar tribes are: Alplū, Arašlū, Bekešlū, Gündüzlü, Imirlü, Köse Aḥmedlū, Köselü, Pāpāglū, Qāsemlū, Qereḵlū, Karalu, Karamanlu, Salmanlu, Sindelli, Tur Ali Hacılu, Receplü, Balabanlu, Karabudaklı and Qirqlū.[18]

Afshars in Turkey

Afshars in Turkey mostly live in Sarız, Tomarza and Pınarbaşı districts of Kayseri province, as well as in several villages in Adana, Kahramanmaraş and Gaziantep provinces.[19]

While Afshars had remained nomadic and retained their Oghuz lifestyle, forced settlements caused them to adopt a settled lifestyle. A resistance against Ottomans under spiritual leadership of the bard Dadaloğlu and local Afshar lord Kozanoğlu was proven futile.[19][20]

Afshar among the Bozulus

In 1570-71, within the Bozulus, three branches of Diyarbakir Afshars under Mehmed Kethüdâ numbered around 804, 367 and 109. Apart from these, there were many more Afshar branches under the administration of other kethüdas.[21]

In the 17th century, some of Bozulus Afshars migrated to Central Anatolia and settled mostly in Karaman Eyalet. Other ones, especially members of Damascus Turkmens remained in their old settlements. This branch, which is called boz ulus mândesi ('Bozulus remnant') on Ottoman documents, were later settled in Rakka Eyalet, however many of the tribesmen belonging to this community migrated to Western Anatolia.[21]

In 1716, the Köpeklü branch of Bozulus Afshars were seen in Mihaliç kaza. On the other hand, some other Afshars of Bozulus migrated to Iran during the reign of Shah Abbas.[21]

Culture

Several folk dances in Afshar-inhabited areas are known after the name of the tribe. Afshar kaba (Turkish: Avşar kabası) is danced around the Barak Plain in Gaziantep.[22] Afshar halay or ağırlama[23] (Avşar halayı or Avşar ağırlaması) is known around Kırşehir, Yozgat, Keskin, as well as Kayseri, while Afshar zeybek (Avşar zeybeği) is found around Burdur, Antalya, Denizli, and Muğla.[24]

Genetics

In an Afshar village near Ankara where, according to oral tradition, the ancestors of the inhabitants came from Central Asia, the researchers found that 57% of the villagers had haplogroup L, 13% had haplogroup Q and 3% had haplogroup N-M231. Examples of haplogroup L, which is most common in South Asia, might be a result of Central Asian migration even though the presence of haplogroup L in Central Asia itself was most likely a result of migration from South Asia. Therefore, Central Asian haplogroups potentially occurred in 73% of males in the village. Furthermore, 10% of the Afshars had haplogroups E3a and E3b, while only 13% had haplogroup J2a, the most common in Turkey.[25]

Afshars in Turkmenistan

During the reign of Nader Shah, a group of Afshars assimilated with a couple of modern Turkmen tribes that currently live in the territory of present-day Turkmenistan, such as Gekleng, Murcheli, Esgi, and Ersary. It is known that they formed a backbone of the Murcheli tribe. The Afshars also played a major role in the formation of the Turkmen tribe of Alili.[26]

List of dynasties with Afshar origin

Notable people from the Afshar tribe

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Potter, Lawrence G. (2014). Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf. Oxford University Press. p. 290. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  2. ^ Stöber 2010, "As they were embedded in a Fārsī-speaking environment, however, in many cases Fārsī became the mother tongue of the Afshārs".
  3. ^ Adnan Menderes Kaya, "Avşar Türkmenleri", Dadaloğlu Eğitim, Kültür, Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Derneği, 2004; ISBN 9755691499
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Stöber 2010.
  5. ^ Oberling 1984, pp. 582–586.
  6. ^ Tribal resurgence and the Decline of the bureaucracy in the eighteenth century, A.K.S. Lambton, Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History, ed. Thomas Naff; Roger Owen, (Southern Illinois University Press, 1977), 108-109.
  7. ^ The Struggle for Persia, 1709-1785, Cambridge Illustrated Atlas, Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792, ed. Jeremy Black, (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 142.
  8. ^ Bulookbashi & Negahban 2008.
  9. ^ Encyclopedia of The Modern Middle East and North Africa, (Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2004) P. 1112
  10. ^ Richard V. Weekes. Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey. AZERI. — Greenwood Press, 1978 — p. 56 — ISBN 9780837198804
  11. ^ "Азербайджанцы / Большая советская энциклопедия". gatchina3000.ru. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  12. ^ From multilingual empire to contested modern state, Touraj Atabaki, Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict, ed. Homa Katouzian, Hossein Shahidi, (Routledge, 2008), 41.
  13. ^ James J. Reid, Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878, (Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000), 209.
  14. ^ The Afghan Interlude and the Zand and Afshar Dynasties (1722-95), Kamran Scot Aghaie, The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, ed. Touraj Daryaee, (Oxford University Press, 2012), 308.
  15. ^ Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1071-1330, trans. J. Jones-Williams (New York: Taplinger, 1968), 281-2.
  16. ^ Leiser, Gary; Koprulu, Fuat (1992). Origins of the Ottoman Empire. p. 37. ISBN 9781438410432.
  17. ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
  18. ^ Theodor Houtsma, "Ghuzenstämme", WZKM 2, 1888, p. 225.
  19. ^ a b Özdemir, Ahmet Z., Avşarlar ve Dadaloğlu, ISBN 9789756083406
  20. ^ Erol Eroğlu; Yavuz Köktan (June 2018). "Dadaloğlu'nun şiirlerinde toprak teması". Türük Uluslararası Dil, Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi (13). doi:10.12992/TURUK489.
  21. ^ a b c Faruk Sümer (1988–2016). "AVŞAR Türkiye Türkleri'nin ataları olan Oğuz elinin en tanınmış boylarından biri.". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
  22. ^ "Halk oyunları". Gaziantep tarih kültür dergisi. 1 (1–6): 49. 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  23. ^ Kekeç, Sadi (2019). Avşar Türkleri. Kimlik Yayınevi. p. 50. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  24. ^ Sümer, Faruk. "Avşar". İslam Ansiklopedisi. TDV. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  25. ^ Gokcumen O (2008). Ethnohistorical and genetic survey of four Central Anatolian settlements (Thesis). pp. 1–189. ISBN 9783845258546. OCLC 857236647.
  26. ^ Prokhorov, A.M, ed. (1978). "Azerbaijani language". Big Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian) (3 ed.). Soviet Encyclopedia.

Sources

  • Bulookbashi, Ali A.; Negahban, Farzin (2008). "Afshār". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
  • Oberling, P. (1984). "AFŠĀR". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/6: Afghanistan–Ahriman. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 582–586. ISBN 978-0-71009-095-9.
  • Stöber, Georg (2010). "Afshār". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Stewart, Devin J. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.

Further reading

February 06, 2023
afshar, people, afshar, azerbaijani, əfşar, افشار, turkish, avşar, afşar, turkmen, owşar, persian, فشار, romanized, Āfshār, tribe, oghuz, turkic, origin, that, split, into, several, groups, iran, turkey, afghanistan, afshartamgha, afshar, according, mahmud, ka. Afshar Azerbaijani Efsar افشار Turkish Avsar Afsar Turkmen Owsar Persian ا فشار romanized Afshar is a tribe of Oghuz Turkic origin that split into several groups in Iran Turkey and Afghanistan 4 5 AfsharTamgha of Afshar according to Mahmud al Kashgari which represents Bonelli s eagle according to Abu al Ghazi BahadurRegions with significant populations Iran 200 000 342 000 1 Turkey AfghanistanLanguagesAfshar Persian 2 Turkish Turkmen 3 ReligionIslamRelated ethnic groupsOghuz TurksDuring the Seljuk conquests of the 11th century they moved from Central Asia into the Middle East 4 They are noted in history for being one of the Qizilbash tribes that helped establish the Safavid dynasty of Iran and for being the source of descent of Iran s Afsharid dynasty 4 Nader Shah who became the monarch of Iran in 1736 was from the Qereklu tribe Persian قرخلو of Afshars 6 7 Afshars mainly inhabit Iran 8 where they remain a largely nomadic group 9 Today the Afshars are variously grouped as a branch of the Azerbaijanis 10 11 and Turkmens 12 13 or Turkomans a common general term used for people of Oghuz Turkic origin 14 The founders of the Germiyanids 15 16 Baku Khanate Zanjan Khanate Khalkhal Khanate and Urmia Khanate were also of Afshar descent The founder of the Karamanids may have also been of Afshar descent 4 According to Rashid al Din Hamadani Afshar the eponymous founder of the tribe was a son of Yildiz Khan the third son of Oghuz Khan Afshar means obedient 17 Contents 1 History 2 Afshar tribes 3 Afshars in Turkey 3 1 Afshar among the Bozulus 3 2 Culture 3 3 Genetics 4 Afshars in Turkmenistan 5 List of dynasties with Afshar origin 6 Notable people from the Afshar tribe 7 See also 8 Notes 9 Sources 10 Further readingHistory EditThe earliest mention of the Afshar tribe can be found in the Diwan Lughat al Turk by Mahmud Kashgari who flourished in c 1075 4 Kashgari mentioned the Afshar tribe sixth in his list of 22 Oghuz Turkic sub tribes and pointed out that the sub tribal names are those of their ancestors who gave birth to them in older times 4 In the 11th century the first Afshar tribesmen entered Iran and Anatolia from Transoxania along with other Oghuz invaders 4 More members of the Afshar tribe may have arrived during the Mongol conquests during the second half of the 13th century 4 For a period afterwards the Afshar tribe is untraceable in historic records as a distinct group for they are subsumed under label of Turkoman 4 Furthermore it seems that the different Turkoman elements were subject to diverse re grouping processes insofar that when new tribes came into existence only some were able to maintain traditional Oghuz tribal names such as Afshar 4 Georg Stober explains that in the political environment of the time the ranking of the different groups supported by constructed genealogies became increasingly important 4 Rashid al Din Hamadani died 1318 believed that the ancestor of the tribe was a person named Afshar who in turn was genealogically linked to the hero Oghuz 4 The Afshar tribe were also said to be part of the right wing bozuq of the Oghuz army 4 In the 12th century two governors father and son from the Afshar tribe held Khuzistan southwestern Iran for 40 years The Karamanid dynasty who held sway in the Middle Taurus modern day Turkey may have been of Afshar descent 4 Afshar tribesmen are said to have belonged to nomadic groups in the region of Sivas and the tribe was part of the Ak Koyunlu Turkoman tribal confederacy 4 In later years many Afshars moved to the east where as part of the Qizilbash they aided in establishing the Safavid dynasty of Iran 4 Other Afshars remained in Anatolia however which at the time was Ottoman soil There on Ottoman soil they formed separate groups 4 During the 19th century nomads in the Cukurova who were known to migrate between Syria in the winter and Anatolia in summer were forcibly settled by the Ottoman Darwish Pasha in the area of Goksun and Kayseri in the mid twentieth century villagers of Afshar descent could still be found in the vicinity of the latter two areas 4 The eastward movement of the Afshars from Anatolia is connected to the foundation of Iran s Safavid dynasty 4 The Afshars were part of the Qizilbash that served Shah Ismail I r 1501 1524 the founder of the dynasty 4 The individual Qizilbash tribes were in all likelihood not groups of common descent but composites and were followers of a chief of mixed origin and were not necessarily all Turkomans 4 Stober therefore explains that it is impossible to regard the Afshars of the 16th century as direct genealogical descendants of the Oghuz Afshar of the 11th century 4 Afshar tribes EditList of Afshar tribes are Alplu Araslu Bekeslu Gunduzlu Imirlu Kose Aḥmedlu Koselu Papaglu Qasemlu Qereḵlu Karalu Karamanlu Salmanlu Sindelli Tur Ali Hacilu Receplu Balabanlu Karabudakli and Qirqlu 18 Afshars in Turkey EditAfshars in Turkey mostly live in Sariz Tomarza and Pinarbasi districts of Kayseri province as well as in several villages in Adana Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep provinces 19 While Afshars had remained nomadic and retained their Oghuz lifestyle forced settlements caused them to adopt a settled lifestyle A resistance against Ottomans under spiritual leadership of the bard Dadaloglu and local Afshar lord Kozanoglu was proven futile 19 20 Afshar among the Bozulus Edit In 1570 71 within the Bozulus three branches of Diyarbakir Afshars under Mehmed Kethuda numbered around 804 367 and 109 Apart from these there were many more Afshar branches under the administration of other kethudas 21 In the 17th century some of Bozulus Afshars migrated to Central Anatolia and settled mostly in Karaman Eyalet Other ones especially members of Damascus Turkmens remained in their old settlements This branch which is called boz ulus mandesi Bozulus remnant on Ottoman documents were later settled in Rakka Eyalet however many of the tribesmen belonging to this community migrated to Western Anatolia 21 In 1716 the Kopeklu branch of Bozulus Afshars were seen in Mihalic kaza On the other hand some other Afshars of Bozulus migrated to Iran during the reign of Shah Abbas 21 Culture Edit Several folk dances in Afshar inhabited areas are known after the name of the tribe Afshar kaba Turkish Avsar kabasi is danced around the Barak Plain in Gaziantep 22 Afshar halay or agirlama 23 Avsar halayi or Avsar agirlamasi is known around Kirsehir Yozgat Keskin as well as Kayseri while Afshar zeybek Avsar zeybegi is found around Burdur Antalya Denizli and Mugla 24 Genetics Edit In an Afshar village near Ankara where according to oral tradition the ancestors of the inhabitants came from Central Asia the researchers found that 57 of the villagers had haplogroup L 13 had haplogroup Q and 3 had haplogroup N M231 Examples of haplogroup L which is most common in South Asia might be a result of Central Asian migration even though the presence of haplogroup L in Central Asia itself was most likely a result of migration from South Asia Therefore Central Asian haplogroups potentially occurred in 73 of males in the village Furthermore 10 of the Afshars had haplogroups E3a and E3b while only 13 had haplogroup J2a the most common in Turkey 25 Afshars in Turkmenistan EditDuring the reign of Nader Shah a group of Afshars assimilated with a couple of modern Turkmen tribes that currently live in the territory of present day Turkmenistan such as Gekleng Murcheli Esgi and Ersary It is known that they formed a backbone of the Murcheli tribe The Afshars also played a major role in the formation of the Turkmen tribe of Alili 26 List of dynasties with Afshar origin EditAfsharid dynasty Ardabil Khanate Alaiye Aydinids Baku Khanate Beylik of Ladik Germiyanids Karamanids Sarukhanids Karabakh KhanateNotable people from the Afshar tribe EditAi Toghdi Junayd of Aydin ruler of Smyrna Nader Shah founder of Afsharid dynasty Nure Sofi founder of Karamanids Mirza Muhammad Khan I founder of Baku Khanate Zulfaqar Khan Afshar founder of Zanjan Khanate Panah Ali Khan founder of Karabakh Khanate Dadaloglu Turkish ashik Kazim Karabekir Turkish general politician Yusuf Halacoglu Turkish historian politicianSee also EditJavanshir clan Iranian Turks Afshar rugsNotes Edit Potter Lawrence G 2014 Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf Oxford University Press p 290 Retrieved 14 January 2023 Stober 2010 As they were embedded in a Farsi speaking environment however in many cases Farsi became the mother tongue of the Afshars Adnan Menderes Kaya Avsar Turkmenleri Dadaloglu Egitim Kultur Sosyal Yardimlasma ve Dayanisma Dernegi 2004 ISBN 9755691499 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Stober 2010 Oberling 1984 pp 582 586 Tribal resurgence and the Decline of the bureaucracy in the eighteenth century A K S Lambton Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History ed Thomas Naff Roger Owen Southern Illinois University Press 1977 108 109 The Struggle for Persia 1709 1785 Cambridge Illustrated Atlas Warfare Renaissance to Revolution 1492 1792 ed Jeremy Black Cambridge University Press 1996 142 Bulookbashi amp Negahban 2008 Encyclopedia of The Modern Middle East and North Africa Detroit Thomson Gale 2004 P 1112 Richard V Weekes Muslim peoples a world ethnographic survey AZERI Greenwood Press 1978 p 56 ISBN 9780837198804 Azerbajdzhancy Bolshaya sovetskaya enciklopediya gatchina3000 ru Retrieved 2019 06 07 From multilingual empire to contested modern state Touraj Atabaki Iran in the 21st Century Politics Economics amp Conflict ed Homa Katouzian Hossein Shahidi Routledge 2008 41 James J Reid Crisis of the Ottoman Empire Prelude to Collapse 1839 1878 Franz Steiner Verlag 2000 209 The Afghan Interlude and the Zand and Afshar Dynasties 1722 95 Kamran Scot Aghaie The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History ed Touraj Daryaee Oxford University Press 2012 308 Claude Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c 1071 1330 trans J Jones Williams New York Taplinger 1968 281 2 Leiser Gary Koprulu Fuat 1992 Origins of the Ottoman Empire p 37 ISBN 9781438410432 Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica Theodor Houtsma Ghuzenstamme WZKM 2 1888 p 225 a b Ozdemir Ahmet Z Avsarlar ve Dadaloglu ISBN 9789756083406 Erol Eroglu Yavuz Koktan June 2018 Dadaloglu nun siirlerinde toprak temasi Turuk Uluslararasi Dil Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Arastirmalari Dergisi 13 doi 10 12992 TURUK489 a b c Faruk Sumer 1988 2016 AVSAR Turkiye Turkleri nin atalari olan Oguz elinin en taninmis boylarindan biri TDV Encyclopedia of Islam 44 2 vols in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies Halk oyunlari Gaziantep tarih kultur dergisi 1 1 6 49 2006 Retrieved 15 January 2023 Kekec Sadi 2019 Avsar Turkleri Kimlik Yayinevi p 50 Retrieved 15 January 2023 Sumer Faruk Avsar Islam Ansiklopedisi TDV Retrieved 15 January 2023 Gokcumen O 2008 Ethnohistorical and genetic survey of four Central Anatolian settlements Thesis pp 1 189 ISBN 9783845258546 OCLC 857236647 Prokhorov A M ed 1978 Azerbaijani language Big Soviet Encyclopedia in Russian 3 ed Soviet Encyclopedia Sources EditBulookbashi Ali A Negahban Farzin 2008 Afshar In Madelung Wilferd Daftary Farhad eds Encyclopaedia Islamica Online Brill Online ISSN 1875 9831 Oberling P 1984 AFSAR In Yarshater Ehsan ed Encyclopaedia Iranica Volume I 6 Afghanistan Ahriman London and New York Routledge amp Kegan Paul pp 582 586 ISBN 978 0 71009 095 9 Stober Georg 2010 Afshar In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Stewart Devin J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Further reading EditFaruk Sumer 1988 2016 AVSAR Turkiye Turkleri nin atalari olan Oguz elinin en taninmis boylarindan biri TDV Encyclopedia of Islam 44 2 vols in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Afshar people amp oldid 1136317050, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.