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1190

March 16, 2023

Year 1190 (MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1190 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1190
MCXC
Ab urbe condita1943
Armenian calendar639
ԹՎ ՈԼԹ
Assyrian calendar5940
Balinese saka calendar1111–1112
Bengali calendar597
Berber calendar2140
English Regnal year1 Ric. 1 – 2 Ric. 1
Buddhist calendar1734
Burmese calendar552
Byzantine calendar6698–6699
Chinese calendar己酉年 (Earth Rooster)
3886 or 3826
    — to —
庚戌年 (Metal Dog)
3887 or 3827
Coptic calendar906–907
Discordian calendar2356
Ethiopian calendar1182–1183
Hebrew calendar4950–4951
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1246–1247
 - Shaka Samvat1111–1112
 - Kali Yuga4290–4291
Holocene calendar11190
Igbo calendar190–191
Iranian calendar568–569
Islamic calendar585–586
Japanese calendarBunji 6 / Kenkyū 1
(建久元年)
Javanese calendar1097–1098
Julian calendar1190
MCXC
Korean calendar3523
Minguo calendar722 before ROC
民前722年
Nanakshahi calendar−278
Seleucid era1501/1502 AG
Thai solar calendar1732–1733
Tibetan calendar阴土鸡年
(female Earth-Rooster)
1316 or 935 or 163
    — to —
阳金狗年
(male Iron-Dog)
1317 or 936 or 164

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Spring – A German expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) marches towards Constantinople, on the way to the Holy Land. Emperor Isaac II (Angelos), suspicious that Frederick is planning to conquer Constantinople, attempts to stop him by attacking the Crusaders. The German forces are too strong and they capture Adrianople. A peace treaty is signed by both Isaac and Frederick, that ensures the Germans are given supplies, and free passage through to Palestina.[1]
  • Isaac II starts a campaign against the Bulgarians, who claim their independence. After passing the Balkan Mountains, Isaac marches westward to besiege Tarnovo, the new Bulgarian capital. Meanwhile, the Byzantine fleet reaches the Danube River in order to block the way of Cuman reinforcements from the North. The defense of Tarnovo is led by Ivan Asen I, emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria. After spreading rumors of the arrival of a Cuman army to relieve the city, Isaac orders to retreat to Stara Zagora.
  • Battle of Tryavna: Byzantine forces under Isaac II are ambushed and defeated by the Bulgarians in a mountain pass, near Tryavna. In panic, the Byzantines break up and begin a disorganized retreat. Isaac barely escapes, his Varangian Guard has to cut a path through their own soldiers, enabling their emperor's flight from the rout. The Bulgarians capture the imperial treasure, including the golden helmet of Isaac, his crown, and the Imperial Cross which contains a wooden piece of the Holy Cross.

Third Crusade

  • March – Frederick I leaves Adrianople to Gallipoli at the Dardanelles to embark, with the help of Byzantine transports, to cross into Asia Minor. On April 25, he enters territory of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum under the rule of Sultan Kilij Arslan II. Although promised to let the German Crusaders pass peaceably through his domains, Kilij Arslan harasses Frederick's forces with hit-and-run attacks. On May 7, a Turkish army (some 10,000 men) is defeated at the Battle of Philomelion, by 2,000 Crusaders.[2]
  • March 25 – Conrad of Montferrat sails south with a Crusader fleet (some 50 ships) from Tyre. As Conrad's fleet approaches the harbour of Acre, an equally sized Muslim fleet sorties out to meet the Crusaders in open battle. Eventually, the Ayyubid fleet is blockaded (supported by Danish and Pisan ships) in the port. Acre is again cut off from reinforcements; the city's supplies are exhausted, and the Muslim garrison has to resort to eating their own beasts. In the event, troops are driven to cannibalism.[3]
  • April – After a long siege Muslim forces under Saladin capture Beaufort Castle from Reginald of Sidon who has offered to hand over the castle to Saladin on the condition that he has three months to remove his family to a place of safety. At the end of the three months, Saladin expects the castle to be handed over but finds that Reginald has used the time to strengthen the castle against a siege. He is imprisoned at Damascus – the castle's garrison finally surrenders in return for Reginald's release.[4]
  • May 5 – Siege of Acre: A Crusader force under King Guy of Lusignan attacks the city with three siege engines, but all are destroyed by the Muslim defenders with Greek fire, a highly flammable liquid. An Egyptian flotilla is able to avoid the Pisan fleet (some 50 ships) and resupply the city with new provisions. Saladin launches a massive eight-day attack on the Crusaders two weeks later. Meanwhile, in the Crusader camp the conditions are deteriorating by disease and famine, among the soldiers.[5]
  • May 18 – Battle of Iconium: German forces under Frederick I defeat the Seljuk army (40,000 men) in a pitched battle. They are routed, leaving the city at the mercy of the German Crusaders. Frederick does not pursue the Seljuks, because his forces have been weakened by food shortage for the previous weeks. His 23-year-old son, Frederick VI, takes Iconium (modern-day Konya) and proceeds to massacre the citizens. The Germans take booty amounting to 100,000 marks in the Turkish capital.[6]
  • June 10 – Frederick I drowns while crossing (or bathing in) the Göksu River near Selucia (modern-day Silifke) in Armenian Cilicia. The German Crusaders are demoralized and exhausted by the summer heat, Frederick VI takes over the command of his father, carrying with him the emperor's body preserved in a barrel of vinegar. Some of the German nobles decide to return home with their followers; Frederick continues with his army (some 5,000 men) and eventually reaches Antioch, on June 21.[7]
  • September 24 – A Crusader fleet attempts to destroy the Tower of Flies at Acre, which guards the city's harbour, by ramming vessels loaded with combustibles into it. At a critical moment, the ships collide with one another and are badly damaged. A specially built Pisan vessel resembling a floating castle and outfitted with mangonels, is set afire during a sortie from the harbour by a Muslim flotilla.[8]
  • November 24 – The 18-year-old Isabella I, half-sister of Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, marries Conrad of Montferrat at Acre making him de facto king of Jerusalem (as Conrad I). He has the support of her mother Maria Comnena and stepfather Balian of Ibelin, as well as Reginald of Sidon and other major nobles in the Crusader States.
  • The Teutonic Order is founded at Acre by German knights of Lübeck and Bremen. The Order is formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals (approximate date).

Europe

  • July 4 – King Richard I (the Lion Heart) and Philip II (Augustus), meet at Vézelay and agree to divide the spoils of the Crusade equally between themselves. They march to the coast and then make their way across the Mediterranean, taking different routes. Richard travels with an expeditionary force (some 17,000 men) via Marseille and Philip travels with a smaller contingent (some 15,000 men) via Genoa. Richard has some 100 ships at his disposal, several of which are from Norman ports, others from Shoreham and Southampton.[9]
  • September – Richard I arrives in Sicily at the head of a Crusader army and demands the release of his sister Joan of England, queen of Sicily, who is held hostage by the usurper Tancred of Lecce. He also demands that Tancred fulfill the financial commitments made by the late King William II (the Good) to the Crusade. Tancred refuses the financial demand but he agrees to release Joan, on September 28.[10]
  • October 4 – Richard I captures Messina, after looting and burning the city he establishes his base there. Richard insists that his own banner be erected over the city, but this creates tension between Richard and Philip II, who has joined him with his forces. Tancred accepts a peace agreement, and pays Richard 20,000 ounces of gold. Friendly relations are restored, Richard agrees to split the gold with Philip.[11]
  • King Henry VI, eldest son of Frederick I, grants Henry I (the Brave) the title of Duke of Brabant. Henry tries to expand his power and soon quarrels with Count Baldwin V, duke of Hainaut.
  • December – Richard I and Philip II stay in Sicily over the winter months waiting for the weather to improve before continuing their journey to the Holy Land.
  • Siege of Silves – the Almohad caliph, Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, fails to reconquer Silves, Portugal.[12]

England

  • London adopts the Cross of St. George, the red cross on a white background. The flag is also used by the fleet of Genoa, and allows the ships from London to use the flag for protection when they enter the Mediterranean on trading missions.
  • March 18 – A massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews in York, results in the deaths of 150–500 Jews in Clifford's Tower.

By topic

Art and Science

Education

Religion

Births

Deaths

References

  1. ^ Choniates, Nicetas (1984). O city of Byzantium: annals of Niketas Choniatēs. Translated by Magoulias, Harry J. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 224. ISBN 0814317642. OCLC 10605650.
  2. ^ Loud, G. A. (2010). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of Emperor Frederick and Related Texts, p. 104. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-75466-575-5.
  3. ^ Alan Ambrisco (1999). Cannibalism and Cultural Encounters in Richard Coeur de Lion, pp. 105–106. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies.
  4. ^ Kennedy, Hugh (1994). Crusader Castles, pp. 43–44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42068-7.
  5. ^ Pryor, John H. (2015). A Medieval Siege of Troy: The Fight to the Death at Acre, 1189–1191, p. 108. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-1-47241-958-3.
  6. ^ Loud, G. A. (2010). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of Emperor Frederick and Related Texts, pp. 110–111. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-75466-575-5.
  7. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  8. ^ Kenneth P. Czech. Third Crusade: Siege of Acre, p. 3. Originally published in August 2001. Military History Magazine.
  9. ^ Wolff and Hazard, p. 57[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 33. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  11. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  12. ^ Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

March 16, 2023
1190, year, mcxc, common, year, starting, monday, link, will, display, full, calendar, julian, calendar, millennium, millenniumcenturies, 11th, century, 12th, century, 13th, centurydecades, 1170s, 1180s, 1200s, 1210syears, 1187, 1188, 1189, 1191, 1192, 1193, v. Year 1190 MCXC was a common year starting on Monday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar Millennium 2nd millenniumCenturies 11th century 12th century 13th centuryDecades 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210sYears 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 11931190 in various calendarsGregorian calendar1190MCXCAb urbe condita1943Armenian calendar639ԹՎ ՈԼԹAssyrian calendar5940Balinese saka calendar1111 1112Bengali calendar597Berber calendar2140English Regnal year1 Ric 1 2 Ric 1Buddhist calendar1734Burmese calendar552Byzantine calendar6698 6699Chinese calendar己酉年 Earth Rooster 3886 or 3826 to 庚戌年 Metal Dog 3887 or 3827Coptic calendar906 907Discordian calendar2356Ethiopian calendar1182 1183Hebrew calendar4950 4951Hindu calendars Vikram Samvat1246 1247 Shaka Samvat1111 1112 Kali Yuga4290 4291Holocene calendar11190Igbo calendar190 191Iranian calendar568 569Islamic calendar585 586Japanese calendarBunji 6 Kenkyu 1 建久元年 Javanese calendar1097 1098Julian calendar1190MCXCKorean calendar3523Minguo calendar722 before ROC民前722年Nanakshahi calendar 278Seleucid era1501 1502 AGThai solar calendar1732 1733Tibetan calendar阴土鸡年 female Earth Rooster 1316 or 935 or 163 to 阳金狗年 male Iron Dog 1317 or 936 or 164The Near East with the Crusader states Contents 1 Events 1 1 By place 1 1 1 Byzantine Empire 1 1 2 Third Crusade 1 1 3 Europe 1 1 4 England 1 2 By topic 1 2 1 Art and Science 1 2 2 Education 1 2 3 Religion 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 ReferencesEvents EditBy place Edit Byzantine Empire Edit Spring A German expeditionary force some 15 000 men led by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa marches towards Constantinople on the way to the Holy Land Emperor Isaac II Angelos suspicious that Frederick is planning to conquer Constantinople attempts to stop him by attacking the Crusaders The German forces are too strong and they capture Adrianople A peace treaty is signed by both Isaac and Frederick that ensures the Germans are given supplies and free passage through to Palestina 1 Isaac II starts a campaign against the Bulgarians who claim their independence After passing the Balkan Mountains Isaac marches westward to besiege Tarnovo the new Bulgarian capital Meanwhile the Byzantine fleet reaches the Danube River in order to block the way of Cuman reinforcements from the North The defense of Tarnovo is led by Ivan Asen I emperor Tsar of Bulgaria After spreading rumors of the arrival of a Cuman army to relieve the city Isaac orders to retreat to Stara Zagora Battle of Tryavna Byzantine forces under Isaac II are ambushed and defeated by the Bulgarians in a mountain pass near Tryavna In panic the Byzantines break up and begin a disorganized retreat Isaac barely escapes his Varangian Guard has to cut a path through their own soldiers enabling their emperor s flight from the rout The Bulgarians capture the imperial treasure including the golden helmet of Isaac his crown and the Imperial Cross which contains a wooden piece of the Holy Cross Third Crusade Edit March Frederick I leaves Adrianople to Gallipoli at the Dardanelles to embark with the help of Byzantine transports to cross into Asia Minor On April 25 he enters territory of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum under the rule of Sultan Kilij Arslan II Although promised to let the German Crusaders pass peaceably through his domains Kilij Arslan harasses Frederick s forces with hit and run attacks On May 7 a Turkish army some 10 000 men is defeated at the Battle of Philomelion by 2 000 Crusaders 2 March 25 Conrad of Montferrat sails south with a Crusader fleet some 50 ships from Tyre As Conrad s fleet approaches the harbour of Acre an equally sized Muslim fleet sorties out to meet the Crusaders in open battle Eventually the Ayyubid fleet is blockaded supported by Danish and Pisan ships in the port Acre is again cut off from reinforcements the city s supplies are exhausted and the Muslim garrison has to resort to eating their own beasts In the event troops are driven to cannibalism 3 April After a long siege Muslim forces under Saladin capture Beaufort Castle from Reginald of Sidon who has offered to hand over the castle to Saladin on the condition that he has three months to remove his family to a place of safety At the end of the three months Saladin expects the castle to be handed over but finds that Reginald has used the time to strengthen the castle against a siege He is imprisoned at Damascus the castle s garrison finally surrenders in return for Reginald s release 4 May 5 Siege of Acre A Crusader force under King Guy of Lusignan attacks the city with three siege engines but all are destroyed by the Muslim defenders with Greek fire a highly flammable liquid An Egyptian flotilla is able to avoid the Pisan fleet some 50 ships and resupply the city with new provisions Saladin launches a massive eight day attack on the Crusaders two weeks later Meanwhile in the Crusader camp the conditions are deteriorating by disease and famine among the soldiers 5 May 18 Battle of Iconium German forces under Frederick I defeat the Seljuk army 40 000 men in a pitched battle They are routed leaving the city at the mercy of the German Crusaders Frederick does not pursue the Seljuks because his forces have been weakened by food shortage for the previous weeks His 23 year old son Frederick VI takes Iconium modern day Konya and proceeds to massacre the citizens The Germans take booty amounting to 100 000 marks in the Turkish capital 6 June 10 Frederick I drowns while crossing or bathing in the Goksu River near Selucia modern day Silifke in Armenian Cilicia The German Crusaders are demoralized and exhausted by the summer heat Frederick VI takes over the command of his father carrying with him the emperor s body preserved in a barrel of vinegar Some of the German nobles decide to return home with their followers Frederick continues with his army some 5 000 men and eventually reaches Antioch on June 21 7 September 24 A Crusader fleet attempts to destroy the Tower of Flies at Acre which guards the city s harbour by ramming vessels loaded with combustibles into it At a critical moment the ships collide with one another and are badly damaged A specially built Pisan vessel resembling a floating castle and outfitted with mangonels is set afire during a sortie from the harbour by a Muslim flotilla 8 November 24 The 18 year old Isabella I half sister of Sibylla Queen of Jerusalem marries Conrad of Montferrat at Acre making him de facto king of Jerusalem as Conrad I He has the support of her mother Maria Comnena and stepfather Balian of Ibelin as well as Reginald of Sidon and other major nobles in the Crusader States The Teutonic Order is founded at Acre by German knights of Lubeck and Bremen The Order is formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals approximate date Europe Edit July 4 King Richard I the Lion Heart and Philip II Augustus meet at Vezelay and agree to divide the spoils of the Crusade equally between themselves They march to the coast and then make their way across the Mediterranean taking different routes Richard travels with an expeditionary force some 17 000 men via Marseille and Philip travels with a smaller contingent some 15 000 men via Genoa Richard has some 100 ships at his disposal several of which are from Norman ports others from Shoreham and Southampton 9 September Richard I arrives in Sicily at the head of a Crusader army and demands the release of his sister Joan of England queen of Sicily who is held hostage by the usurper Tancred of Lecce He also demands that Tancred fulfill the financial commitments made by the late King William II the Good to the Crusade Tancred refuses the financial demand but he agrees to release Joan on September 28 10 October 4 Richard I captures Messina after looting and burning the city he establishes his base there Richard insists that his own banner be erected over the city but this creates tension between Richard and Philip II who has joined him with his forces Tancred accepts a peace agreement and pays Richard 20 000 ounces of gold Friendly relations are restored Richard agrees to split the gold with Philip 11 King Henry VI eldest son of Frederick I grants Henry I the Brave the title of Duke of Brabant Henry tries to expand his power and soon quarrels with Count Baldwin V duke of Hainaut December Richard I and Philip II stay in Sicily over the winter months waiting for the weather to improve before continuing their journey to the Holy Land Siege of Silves the Almohad caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al Mansur fails to reconquer Silves Portugal 12 England Edit London adopts the Cross of St George the red cross on a white background The flag is also used by the fleet of Genoa and allows the ships from London to use the flag for protection when they enter the Mediterranean on trading missions March 18 A massacre and mass suicide of the Jews in York results in the deaths of 150 500 Jews in Clifford s Tower By topic Edit Art and Science Edit On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy ar Kitab fasl al maqal by Averroes is first published Speculum Virginum a German manuscript is published approximate date Education Edit Emo of Friesland a Frisian scholar and abbot commences his study at what will become the University of Oxford Religion Edit Cartmel Priory is founded by William Marshal 1st Earl of Pembroke in England King Stefan Nemanja founds the Studenica Monastery in Serbia Births EditJuly 24 Yelu Chucai Chinese statesman d 1244 December 30 Ibn Abi l Hadid Arab scholar d 1258 Benedetto Sinigardi Italian Franciscan friar d 1282 Gerhard II of Lippe German archbishop d 1258 Heinrich I von Mullenark German archbishop d 1238 Helvis of Cyprus princess of Antioch approximate date Henry II of Bar French nobleman and knight d 1239 Ida of Nivelles Belgian Cistercian nun and mystic d 1231 John the Old French nobleman and knight d 1267 Klement of Ruszcza Polish nobleman and knight d 1256 Luce de Gast English nobleman approximate date Maria of Brabant Holy Roman Empress d 1260 Peter Gonzalez or Pedro Castilian priest d 1246 Pietro della Vigna Italian jurist and diplomat d 1249 Richer of Senones French monk and chronicler d 1266 Roger I of Fezensaguet French nobleman d 1245 Sayf al Din al Bakharzi Persian theologian d 1261 Sorghaghtani Beki mother of Kublai Khan d 1252 Tbeli Abuserisdze Georgian scholar and writer d 1240 Theodora Angelina Byzantine noblewoman d 1246 Vincent of Beauvais French encyclopedist d 1264 William Marshal English nobleman and knight d 1231 William Perault French preacher and writer d 1271 Wladyslaw Odonic duke of Greater Poland d 1239 Yuan Haowen Chinese politician and poet d 1257 Zulema L Astrologa Moorish astronomer approximate date Deaths EditFebruary 18 Otto II the Rich margrave of Meissen b 1125 March 15 Isabella of Hainault wife of Philip II Augustus b 1170 March 23 Saigyō Hōshi Japanese monk poet and writer b 1118 June 10 Frederick I Barbarossa Holy Roman Emperor b 1122 July 25 Sibylla or Sibylle queen of Jerusalem b 1160 July 29 Maud of Gloucester or Matilda English countess August 1 Floris III Dutch nobleman and knight b 1141 August 16 Dedi III the Fat German nobleman b 1130 August 21 Godfrey III count of Louvain House of Reginar September 13 Herman IV German nobleman b 1135 September 20 Adelog of Hildesheim German bishop October 16 Louis III the Mild German nobleman November 3 Diepold of Berg German bishop b 1140 November 19 Baldwin of Forde English archbishop November 21 Depolt II or Diepold German nobleman Bernard II de Balliol Norman nobleman approximate date Chretien de Troyes French poet trouvere and writer Geoffrey IV the Younger French nobleman and knight Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon Arab Jewish translator or 1191 Maria Komnene queen of Hungary and Croatia b 1144 Ramon I de Montcada Catalan nobleman b 1150 Ranulf de Glanvill English Chief Justiciar and writer Robert de Beaumont White Hands English nobleman Walkelin de Derby de Ferrers Norman nobleman Walter de Clifford or FitzRichard English noblemanReferences Edit Choniates Nicetas 1984 O city of Byzantium annals of Niketas Choniates Translated by Magoulias Harry J Detroit Wayne State University Press p 224 ISBN 0814317642 OCLC 10605650 Loud G A 2010 The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa The History of the Expedition of Emperor Frederick and Related Texts p 104 Farnham Surrey Ashgate Publishing ISBN 978 0 75466 575 5 Alan Ambrisco 1999 Cannibalism and Cultural Encounters in Richard Coeur de Lion pp 105 106 Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies Kennedy Hugh 1994 Crusader Castles pp 43 44 Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 42068 7 Pryor John H 2015 A Medieval Siege of Troy The Fight to the Death at Acre 1189 1191 p 108 Farnham Surrey Ashgate Publishing ISBN 978 1 47241 958 3 Loud G A 2010 The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa The History of the Expedition of Emperor Frederick and Related Texts pp 110 111 Farnham Surrey Ashgate Publishing ISBN 978 0 75466 575 5 Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol III The Kingdom of Acre pp 13 14 ISBN 978 0 241 29877 0 Kenneth P Czech Third Crusade Siege of Acre p 3 Originally published in August 2001 Military History Magazine Wolff and Hazard p 57 permanent dead link Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol III The Kingdom of Acre p 33 ISBN 978 0 241 29877 0 Steven Runciman 1952 A History of The Crusades Vol III The Kingdom of Acre pp 34 35 ISBN 978 0 241 29877 0 Picard Christophe 1997 La mer et les musulmans d Occident VIIIe XIIIe siecle Paris Presses Universitaires de France Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1190 amp oldid 1112064096, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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