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Śuri

March 17, 2024

Śuri (Etruscan: 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized: Śuri, from Etruscan: 𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized: Śur, lit. 'black'), later latinized as Soranus, was an ancient Etruscan deity, also venerated by other populations of central Italy (Capenates, Faliscans, Latins and Sabines) and later adopted into ancient Roman religion.

Śuri
Member of Novensiles
Major cult center
World
Weaponsvolcanic lightning, fire, lava
Animalswolf, goat
Symbolsolar disc, halo, bow and arrows, pilum, lead
AdherentsHirpi Sorani
Gendermale
RegionItaly
Ethnic groupEtruscans, Capenates, Faliscans, Latins, Sabines
Personal information
Parents
Siblings
ConsortCatha
Equivalents
Greek equivalentHades + Apollo
Roman equivalentDīs Pater + Apollo
Norse equivalentSurtr

Name and attributes edit

The theonym[1] Śuri (Etruscan: 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized: Śuri, from Etruscan: 𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized: Śur, lit. 'black'),[2][3][4][5][6] cognate to Surtr (Old Norse: Surtr, lit. 'black')[7] and latinized as Soranus, means both 'black' and 'from the black [place]', i.e. the Underworld.[2][4][5][6]

Primarily the god of volcanoes and fire, which were associated with the underworld,[8] Śuri also was the chthonic god of the Sun and light,[a] as well as an oracular god, with powers over health and plague;[8] as god of volcanic lightning, he's thought to have been among the Novensiles, the nine Etruscan thunder gods.[3][6]

His sacred animals were wolves and goats.[b]

Epithets and Greco-Roman equivalents edit

Śuri had many epithets,[3][4] among them Calu,[9][10][4] Manth,[11][3][4] Rath,[3][4][12] Usil[13] and Vetis,[14][4] but also Greco-Roman epithets.

By interpretatio graeca, Śuri was identified with both the underworld god Dīs Pater/Hades (Epic Greek: Ἄϊδης, romanized: Áïdēs; Etruscan: 𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌀, romanized: Aita)[3][4][15][16][8] and the sun god Apollo (Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌀, romanized: Apulu);[3][4][17][18][9][8][19] their names are associated on Pyrgi inscriptions too.[20][3] After his cult had been syncretised with Apollo, the Romans also nicknamed him Apollo Soranus[10] or Apollo Soractis.[17]

Worship edit

Cult centers edit

The center of his cult was Mount Soracte, a sacred mountain located north of Rome, in an area characterized by deep karst cavities and secondary volcanic phenomena; these phenomena were associated in antiquity with underworld deities,[8] hence the area was sacred to underworld gods, such as the Roman Dīs Pater, with whom Soranus is sometimes identified.[15] Other centers dedicated to this deity were the ancient twin cities of Surina (Soriano) and Surina (Viterbo) [it], in the present-day province of Viterbo, Lazio, and the city of Sorano, in the province of Grosseto, Tuscany.[3][5][6]

Worshippers edit

See also: Calu, divination, and augury

The priests of Soranus were called Hirpi Sorani[10][21][5][6] ("wolves of Soranus", from Sabine: hirpus, lit. 'wolf').

Servius has preserved the following legend about them: once, during a sacrifice to Dīs Pater, several wolves ran up to the altar and stole the sacrificial pieces. The shepherds gave chase and ran to a cave – into Mount Soracte – from which such suffocating fumes emanated that those who pursued fell dead. The pestilence that soon spread throughout the country was connected with the death of the shepherds, while the oracle, to whom they turned for advice on how to get rid of the plague, replied that the plague would stop as soon as the inhabitants, like wolves, began to lead a robber life. These people took the name Hirpi Sorani (from Sabine: hirpus, lit. 'wolf') and devoted themselves to the cult of the god Soranus, who was later identified with Dīs Pater due the volcanic properties of the mountain and the underground nature of the god.[15][8]

They were firewalkers; during the ceremonies, they walked on hot coals, holding the entrails of sacrificed goats.[15][18][22][23][6] They were also considered skillful ornithomantists.[8]

During the annual festivities in honor of Apollo Soranus and Feronia, they walked barefoot among burning logs without being burned, for which they were forever released by the Roman Senate from military service and other liturgies.[8] The Lupercalia, in the Roman religion, probably derive from these priests.[10]

Partners edit

He had two female partners: his Etruscan consort Catha (or Cavatha), goddess of Moon and Underworld;[16][24][3] and his Faliscan sister-in-law Feronia, whose major sanctuary[c] was located near Mount Soracte.[23][19]

See also edit

Annotated links
  • Dīs Pater – Roman god of the underworld
  • Catha (mythology) – Etruscan goddess
  • Feronia (mythology) – Italic goddess of wilderness and liberty
  • Fufluns – Etruscan god of growth
  • Orcus – Roman god of the underworld
  • Surtr – Norse mythical character

Notes and references edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ A black sun, i.e. a sun god of the underworld,[5][6] rather that a celestial god, was also defined by the Etruscans as Tinia Calusna (Jupiter of the Underworld = Zeus Chthonios).[6]
  2. ^ See § Worshippers.
  3. ^ Latin: Lucus Feroniae.

References edit

  1. ^ De Simone 2012.
  2. ^ a b Colonna 2009.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j National Etruscan Museum.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Maras 2010.
  5. ^ a b c d e Di Silvio 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Romano Impero 2021.
  7. ^ Orchard 1997.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Obnorsky 1900.
  9. ^ a b Bouke van der Meer 2013, pp. 323–341.
  10. ^ a b c d Rissanen 2013.
  11. ^ Colonna 2006, p. 141.
  12. ^ Bonfante & Bonfante 2002, p. 204.
  13. ^ Nonoss 2015.
  14. ^ Kenney & Clausen 1983.
  15. ^ a b c d Servius 380b, 11.785.
  16. ^ a b De Grummond 2004, p. 359.
  17. ^ a b Virgil, 11.786.
  18. ^ a b Pliny the Elder, 7.2.
  19. ^ a b Myth Index.
  20. ^ Colonna 2009, pp. 101–126.
  21. ^ Di Fazio 2013.
  22. ^ Silius Italicus, 5.175.
  23. ^ a b Strabo, 5.
  24. ^ De Grummond 2008, pp. 422, 425.

Bibliography edit

  • Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2016). "The Etruscan Texts of the Pyrgi Golden Tablets: Certainties and Uncertainties". In Bellelli, Vincenzo; Xella, Paolo (eds.). Le lamine di Pyrgi: Nuovi studi sulle iscrizione in etrusco e in fenicio nel cinquantenario della scoperta. Vol. I–X. Verona. p. 155 – via Academia.edu.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (2002) [1983]. The Etruscan Language: An Introduction (2 ed.). Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719055409.
  • Bonfante, Larissa; Swaddling, Judith (2006). Etruscan Myths. The Legendary Past (77). British Museum/University of Texas. ISBN 9780714122380.
  • Bonnefoy, Yves, ed. (1992) [1991]. Roman and European Mythologies. Translated by Doniger, Wendy. University of Chicago Press. pp. 30, 36. ISBN 9780226064550.
  • Briquel, Dominique (1997). Chrétiens et haruspices: La religion étrusque, dernier rempart du paganisme romain (in French). Presses de l'Ecole normale supérieure. ISBN 9782728802326.
  • Capella, Martianus (1836) [Carthage, c. 420]. De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii (in Latin). Vol. II. Frankfurt am Main: Varrentrapp. 164.
  • Classical Association (1918). Postgate, John Percival; Arnold, Edward Vernon; Hall, Frederick William (eds.). Classical Quarterly. Translated by Postgate, John Percival. Clarendon Press. p. 107.
  • Colonna, Giovanni (2001). "Divinazione e culto di Rath/Apollo a Caere (a proposito del santuario in loc. S. Antonio)". Archeologia Classica (in Italian). L'Erma di Bretschneider. LII (2): 151–173. doi:10.1400/258393.
  • Colonna, Giovanni (2009). "L'Apollo di Pyrgi, Śur/Śuri (il «Nero») e l'Apollo Sourios". Studi Etruschi (in Italian). LXXIII: 101–134. ISSN 0391-7762.
  • Cristofani, Mauro, ed. (2000) [1984]. "Apulu/Aplu". Etruschi: una nuova immagine (in Italian). Florence: Giunti Editore. pp. 161–162. ISBN 9788809017924.
  • Cristofani, Mauro, ed. (1985). "Aplu". Dizionario illustrato della civiltà Etrusca (in Italian). Florence: Giunti Editore. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-88-09-21728-7.
  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2004). "For the Mother and for the Daughter: Some Thoughts on Dedications from Etruria and Praeneste". Hesperia Supplements. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 33: 351–370. ISBN 9780876615331. JSTOR 1354077.
  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2006). Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISBN 9781931707862.
  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika, eds. (2006). The Religion of the Etruscans. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292782334.
  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2008). "Moon Over Pyrgi: Catha, an Etruscan Lunar Goddess?". American Journal of Archaeology. 112 (3): 419–428. doi:10.3764/aja.112.3.419. S2CID 193046316 – via University of Chicago Press.
  • De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (1 November 2016). "Thunder versus Lightning in Etruria". Etruscan Studies. 19 (2): 183–207. doi:10.1515/etst-2016-0011. S2CID 199472126.
  • De Simone, Carlo (2012). "Il teonimo Šuri: riflessioni ad alta voce". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici (in Italian) (32–33).
  • Di Fazio, Massimiliano (2013). "Gli Hirpi del Soratte". In Cifani, Gabriele (ed.). Tra Roma e l'Etruria. Cultura, identità e territorio dei Falisci (in Italian). Edizioni Quasar. pp. 231–264. ISBN 978-88-7140-519-3 – via Academia.edu.
  • Di Silvio, Paola (18 November 2014). "Suri: L'Apollo Nero Degli Etruschi". EreticaMente (in Italian).
  • Elliott, John (1 January 1995). "The Etruscan Wolfman in Myth and Ritual". Etruscan Studies. 2 (1): 17–33. doi:10.1515/etst.1995.2.1.17. S2CID 194102662.
  • Haynes, Sybille (2000). Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. ISBN 9780892366002.
  • Jannot, Jean-René (2005). Religion in Ancient Etruria. Translated by Whitehead, J.K. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299208448.
  • Kenney, Edward John; Clausen, Wendell Vernon (1983). The Cambridge History of Classical Literature. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521273732.
  • Lecce, Vittoria. "Novembre e il dio Suri - Il Nero Signore" (in Italian). Museo Nazionale Etrusco.
  • Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Vol. I–VIII. Zurich, Munich, Düsseldorf: Artemis & Winkler Verlag. 1981–1999. ISBN 3-7608-8751-1.
    • Krauskopf, Ingrid (1988). "Aita/Calu". In LIMC. Vol. IV. pp. 394–399.
    • LIMC. Vol. VII. 1994.
  • Lübker, Friedrich (1855). Real Lexicon of Classical Antiquity (in German and Russian). Leipzig: B. G. Teubner Verlag. pp. 1303-1304: Sorānus
  • Maras, Daniele F. (2010). . Archeo (in Italian). No. 305. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014.
  • Moore, Daniel (2018). "The Etruscan Goddess Catha". Etruscan Studies. 21 (1–2): 58–77. doi:10.1515/etst-2017-0030. S2CID 188353013.
  • Nonoss (2015). "Turan, Aritimi, Usil et l'énigmatique Letham..." Au Fil du Temps (in French). Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  • Obnorsky, Nikolai Petrovich (1900). "Соран, прозвище Аполлона". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. XXXa. Saint Petersburg: Brockhaus–Efron. p. 895.
  • Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia. Vol. VII. 2 – via Perseus Digital Library.
  • Rissanen, Mika (2013) [2012]. "The Hirpi Sorani and the Wolf Cults of Central Italy". Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica. Helsinki: Klassillis-filologinen yhdistys. 46. ISSN 0570-734X – via Academia.edu.
  • Servius (380). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). Vol. I–XII. Georgius Thilo – via Perseus Digital Library.
    • Servius (380a). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). Vol. X. 199 – via Perseus Digital Library.
    • Servius (380b). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). Vol. XI. 785 – via Perseus Digital Library.
  • Silius Italicus. Punica (in Latin). Vol. V. 175 – via Perseus Digital Library.
  • Simon, Erika (1998). "Apollo in Etruria". Annali della Fondazione C. Faina di Orvieto V (in Italian): 119–141.
  • Strabo. Geography. Vol. V – via Perseus Digital Library.
  • Bouke van der Meer, Lammert (2013). "Lead Plaque of Magliano". Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino. Quaderni di Acme (134). Milan. pp. 323–341 (335) – via Academia.edu.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Virgil. Aeneid. Vol. XI. 786 – via Perseus Digital Library.

Further reading edit

External links edit

  • "Culto di Soranus". Romano Impero (in Italian). July 2021.
  • . Myth Index. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017.
  • "Vediove". Nova Roma: Calendar of Holidays and Festivals.

March 17, 2024
Śuri, etruscan, 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized, from, etruscan, 𐌛𐌖𐌑, romanized, Śur, black, later, latinized, soranus, ancient, etruscan, deity, also, venerated, other, populations, central, italy, capenates, faliscans, latins, sabines, later, adopted, into, ancient, roman, . Suri Etruscan 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑 romanized Suri from Etruscan 𐌛𐌖𐌑 romanized Sur lit black later latinized as Soranus was an ancient Etruscan deity also venerated by other populations of central Italy Capenates Faliscans Latins and Sabines and later adopted into ancient Roman religion SuriSolar god of light volcanic fire thunder and lightning health and plague and the underworldMember of NovensilesMajor cult centerMt SoratteWorldSunUnderworldWeaponsvolcanic lightning fire lavaAnimalswolf goatSymbolsolar disc halo bow and arrows pilum leadAdherentsHirpi SoraniGendermaleRegionItalyEthnic groupEtruscans Capenates Faliscans Latins SabinesPersonal informationParentsTinia father Semla mother SiblingsArtume twin FuflunsConsortCathaEquivalentsGreek equivalentHades ApolloRoman equivalentDis Pater ApolloNorse equivalentSurtr Contents 1 Name and attributes 1 1 Epithets and Greco Roman equivalents 2 Worship 2 1 Cult centers 2 2 Worshippers 3 Partners 4 See also 5 Notes and references 5 1 Notes 5 2 References 5 3 Bibliography 5 4 Further reading 5 5 External linksName and attributes editThe theonym 1 Suri Etruscan 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑 romanized Suri from Etruscan 𐌛𐌖𐌑 romanized Sur lit black 2 3 4 5 6 cognate to Surtr Old Norse Surtr lit black 7 and latinized as Soranus means both black and from the black place i e the Underworld 2 4 5 6 Primarily the god of volcanoes and fire which were associated with the underworld 8 Suri also was the chthonic god of the Sun and light a as well as an oracular god with powers over health and plague 8 as god of volcanic lightning he s thought to have been among the Novensiles the nine Etruscan thunder gods 3 6 His sacred animals were wolves and goats b Epithets and Greco Roman equivalents edit Suri had many epithets 3 4 among them Calu 9 10 4 Manth 11 3 4 Rath 3 4 12 Usil 13 and Vetis 14 4 but also Greco Roman epithets By interpretatio graeca Suri was identified with both the underworld god Dis Pater Hades Epic Greek Ἄidhs romanized Aides Etruscan 𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌀 romanized Aita 3 4 15 16 8 and the sun god Apollo Etruscan 𐌖𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌀 romanized Apulu 3 4 17 18 9 8 19 their names are associated on Pyrgi inscriptions too 20 3 After his cult had been syncretised with Apollo the Romans also nicknamed him Apollo Soranus 10 or Apollo Soractis 17 Worship editCult centers edit The center of his cult was Mount Soracte a sacred mountain located north of Rome in an area characterized by deep karst cavities and secondary volcanic phenomena these phenomena were associated in antiquity with underworld deities 8 hence the area was sacred to underworld gods such as the Roman Dis Pater with whom Soranus is sometimes identified 15 Other centers dedicated to this deity were the ancient twin cities of Surina Soriano and Surina Viterbo it in the present day province of Viterbo Lazio and the city of Sorano in the province of Grosseto Tuscany 3 5 6 Worshippers edit See also Calu divination and augury The priests of Soranus were called Hirpi Sorani 10 21 5 6 wolves of Soranus from Sabine hirpus lit wolf Servius has preserved the following legend about them once during a sacrifice to Dis Pater several wolves ran up to the altar and stole the sacrificial pieces The shepherds gave chase and ran to a cave into Mount Soracte from which such suffocating fumes emanated that those who pursued fell dead The pestilence that soon spread throughout the country was connected with the death of the shepherds while the oracle to whom they turned for advice on how to get rid of the plague replied that the plague would stop as soon as the inhabitants like wolves began to lead a robber life These people took the name Hirpi Sorani from Sabine hirpus lit wolf and devoted themselves to the cult of the god Soranus who was later identified with Dis Pater due the volcanic properties of the mountain and the underground nature of the god 15 8 They were firewalkers during the ceremonies they walked on hot coals holding the entrails of sacrificed goats 15 18 22 23 6 They were also considered skillful ornithomantists 8 During the annual festivities in honor of Apollo Soranus and Feronia they walked barefoot among burning logs without being burned for which they were forever released by the Roman Senate from military service and other liturgies 8 The Lupercalia in the Roman religion probably derive from these priests 10 Partners editHe had two female partners his Etruscan consort Catha or Cavatha goddess of Moon and Underworld 16 24 3 and his Faliscan sister in law Feronia whose major sanctuary c was located near Mount Soracte 23 19 See also editApollo Smintheus Etruscan civilization List of Etruscan mythological figuresAnnotated linksDis Pater Roman god of the underworldPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Catha mythology Etruscan goddess Feronia mythology Italic goddess of wilderness and liberty Fufluns Etruscan god of growth Orcus Roman god of the underworld Surtr Norse mythical characterNotes and references editNotes edit A black sun i e a sun god of the underworld 5 6 rather that a celestial god was also defined by the Etruscans as Tinia Calusna Jupiter of the Underworld Zeus Chthonios 6 See Worshippers Latin Lucus Feroniae References edit De Simone 2012 a b Colonna 2009 a b c d e f g h i j National Etruscan Museum a b c d e f g h i Maras 2010 a b c d e Di Silvio 2014 a b c d e f g h Romano Impero 2021 Orchard 1997 a b c d e f g h Obnorsky 1900 a b Bouke van der Meer 2013 pp 323 341 a b c d Rissanen 2013 Colonna 2006 p 141 Bonfante amp Bonfante 2002 p 204 Nonoss 2015 Kenney amp Clausen 1983 a b c d Servius 380b 11 785 a b De Grummond 2004 p 359 a b Virgil 11 786 a b Pliny the Elder 7 2 a b Myth Index Colonna 2009 pp 101 126 Di Fazio 2013 Silius Italicus 5 175 a b Strabo 5 De Grummond 2008 pp 422 425 Bibliography edit Adiego Ignasi Xavier 2016 The Etruscan Texts of the Pyrgi Golden Tablets Certainties and Uncertainties In Bellelli Vincenzo Xella Paolo eds Le lamine di Pyrgi Nuovi studi sulle iscrizione in etrusco e in fenicio nel cinquantenario della scoperta Vol I X Verona p 155 via Academia edu a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Bonfante Giuliano Bonfante Larissa 2002 1983 The Etruscan Language An Introduction 2 ed Manchester University Press ISBN 9780719055409 Bonfante Larissa Swaddling Judith 2006 Etruscan Myths The Legendary Past 77 British Museum University of Texas ISBN 9780714122380 Bonnefoy Yves ed 1992 1991 Roman and European Mythologies Translated by Doniger Wendy University of Chicago Press pp 30 36 ISBN 9780226064550 Pallottino Massimo 1992a Pre Roman Italy In Bonnefoy 1992 p 30 Pallottino Massimo 1992b Etruscan Religion In Bonnefoy 1992 p 36 Briquel Dominique 1997 Chretiens et haruspices La religion etrusque dernier rempart du paganisme romain in French Presses de l Ecole normale superieure ISBN 9782728802326 Capella Martianus 1836 Carthage c 420 De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii in Latin Vol II Frankfurt am Main Varrentrapp 164 Classical Association 1918 Postgate John Percival Arnold Edward Vernon Hall Frederick William eds Classical Quarterly Translated by Postgate John Percival Clarendon Press p 107 Colonna Giovanni 2001 Divinazione e culto di Rath Apollo a Caere a proposito del santuario in loc S Antonio Archeologia Classica in Italian L Erma di Bretschneider LII 2 151 173 doi 10 1400 258393 Colonna Giovanni 2009 L Apollo di Pyrgi Sur Suri il Nero e l Apollo Sourios Studi Etruschi in Italian LXXIII 101 134 ISSN 0391 7762 Cristofani Mauro ed 2000 1984 Apulu Aplu Etruschi una nuova immagine in Italian Florence Giunti Editore pp 161 162 ISBN 9788809017924 Cristofani Mauro ed 1985 Aplu Dizionario illustrato della civilta Etrusca in Italian Florence Giunti Editore pp 12 13 ISBN 978 88 09 21728 7 De Grummond Nancy Thomson 2004 For the Mother and for the Daughter Some Thoughts on Dedications from Etruria and Praeneste Hesperia Supplements The American School of Classical Studies at Athens 33 351 370 ISBN 9780876615331 JSTOR 1354077 De Grummond Nancy Thomson 2006 Etruscan Myth Sacred History and Legend Philadelphia PA University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology ISBN 9781931707862 De Grummond Nancy Thomson Simon Erika eds 2006 The Religion of the Etruscans Austin University of Texas Press ISBN 9780292782334 Bonfante Larissa Etruscan Inscriptions and Etruscan Religion In De Grummond amp Simon 2006 Colonna Giovanni Sacred Architecture and the Religion of the Etruscans In De Grummond amp Simon 2006 Krauskopf Ingrid The Grave and Beyond In De Grummond amp Simon 2006 p vii pp 73 75 Simon Erika Gods in Harmony The Etruscan Pantheon In De Grummond amp Simon 2006 De Grummond Nancy Thomson 2008 Moon Over Pyrgi Catha an Etruscan Lunar Goddess American Journal of Archaeology 112 3 419 428 doi 10 3764 aja 112 3 419 S2CID 193046316 via University of Chicago Press De Grummond Nancy Thomson 1 November 2016 Thunder versus Lightning in Etruria Etruscan Studies 19 2 183 207 doi 10 1515 etst 2016 0011 S2CID 199472126 De Simone Carlo 2012 Il teonimo Suri riflessioni ad alta voce Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici in Italian 32 33 Di Fazio Massimiliano 2013 Gli Hirpi del Soratte In Cifani Gabriele ed Tra Roma e l Etruria Cultura identita e territorio dei Falisci in Italian Edizioni Quasar pp 231 264 ISBN 978 88 7140 519 3 via Academia edu Di Silvio Paola 18 November 2014 Suri L Apollo Nero Degli Etruschi EreticaMente in Italian Elliott John 1 January 1995 The Etruscan Wolfman in Myth and Ritual Etruscan Studies 2 1 17 33 doi 10 1515 etst 1995 2 1 17 S2CID 194102662 Haynes Sybille 2000 Etruscan Civilization A Cultural History Los Angeles Getty Publications ISBN 9780892366002 Jannot Jean Rene 2005 Religion in Ancient Etruria Translated by Whitehead J K University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 9780299208448 Kenney Edward John Clausen Wendell Vernon 1983 The Cambridge History of Classical Literature Vol 2 Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521273732 Lecce Vittoria Novembre e il dio Suri Il Nero Signore in Italian Museo Nazionale Etrusco Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae Vol I VIII Zurich Munich Dusseldorf Artemis amp Winkler Verlag 1981 1999 ISBN 3 7608 8751 1 Krauskopf Ingrid 1988 Aita Calu InLIMC Vol IV pp 394 399 LIMC Vol VII 1994 Lubker Friedrich 1855 Real Lexicon of Classical Antiquity in German and Russian Leipzig B G Teubner Verlag pp 1303 1304 Soranus Maras Daniele F 2010 Suri Il nero signore degli inferi Archeo in Italian No 305 Archived from the original on 10 December 2014 Moore Daniel 2018 The Etruscan Goddess Catha Etruscan Studies 21 1 2 58 77 doi 10 1515 etst 2017 0030 S2CID 188353013 Nonoss 2015 Turan Aritimi Usil et l enigmatique Letham Au Fil du Temps in French Retrieved 25 March 2016 Obnorsky Nikolai Petrovich 1900 Soran prozvishe Apollona Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary in Russian Vol XXXa Saint Petersburg Brockhaus Efron p 895 Pliny the Elder Naturalis Historia Vol VII 2 via Perseus Digital Library Rissanen Mika 2013 2012 The Hirpi Sorani and the Wolf Cults of Central Italy Arctos Acta Philologica Fennica Helsinki Klassillis filologinen yhdistys 46 ISSN 0570 734X via Academia edu Servius 380 Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil in Latin Vol I XII Georgius Thilo via Perseus Digital Library Servius 380a Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil in Latin Vol X 199 via Perseus Digital Library Servius 380b Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil in Latin Vol XI 785 via Perseus Digital Library Silius Italicus Punica in Latin Vol V 175 via Perseus Digital Library Simon Erika 1998 Apollo in Etruria Annali della Fondazione C Faina di Orvieto V in Italian 119 141 Strabo Geography Vol V via Perseus Digital Library Bouke van der Meer Lammert 2013 Lead Plaque of Magliano Interpretando l antico Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino Quaderni di Acme 134 Milan pp 323 341 335 via Academia edu a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Virgil Aeneid Vol XI 786 via Perseus Digital Library Further reading edit Babelon Ernest 1 January 1963 Description Historique Et Chronologique Des Monnaies de La Republique Romaine Vulgairement Appelees Monnaies Consulaires in French Vol 1 Lulu com ISBN 9781291327748 Chhawchharia Ajai Kumar 2015 The Chariot of God Dharma Rath CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 9781516953776 Dronke Ursula ed 1997 The Poetic Edda Volume II Mythological Poems Translated by Dronke Ursula Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 811181 9 Encyclopedia of World Religions Encyclopedia Britannica 2006 p 803 ISBN 978 159339266 6 Hart George 2005 The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses Psychology Press p 133 ISBN 978 0 415 34495 1 Orchard Andy 1997 Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend Cassell ISBN 0 304 34520 2 Simek Rudolf 1993 Dictionary of Northern Mythology Translated by Hall Angela D S Brewer ISBN 0 85991 513 1 Sturluson Snorri c 1220 Gylfaginning Prose Edda in Old Norse Sturluson Snorri 6 April 1995 1987 Edda Translated by Faulkes Anthony London Dent ISBN 978 0460876162 Sturluson Snorri 1 October 1998 Edda Translated by Faulkes Anthony London Viking Society for Northern Research University College ISBN 978 0903521345 Sturluson Snorri 2005 The Prose Edda Penguin Classics Translated by Byock Jesse Penguin Books ISBN 978 0140447552 Tilton Theodore 1897 The complete Poetical Works of Theodore Tilton in One Volume London UK T Fisher Unwin p 705 Vigfusson Gudbrandur Powell Frederick York 1883 Corpus Poeticum Boreale Court poetry Vol II Oxford UK Clarendon Press p 471 External links edit Culto di Soranus Romano Impero in Italian July 2021 Soranus Myth Index Archived from the original on 21 September 2017 Vediove Nova Roma Calendar of Holidays and Festivals Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Suri amp oldid 1211999007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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