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First 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency

February 24, 2023

For a chronological listing of 2009 events, see Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009).

The first 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency began on January 20, 2009, the day Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States. The first 100 days of a presidential term took on symbolic significance during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term in office, and the period is considered a benchmark to measure the early success of a president. The 100th day of his presidency ended at noon on April 30, 2009. Obama stated that he should not be judged just by his first hundred days: "The first hundred days is going to be important, but it’s probably going to be the first thousand days that makes the difference."[1] Obama began to formally create his presidential footprint during his first 100 days.[2] Obama quickly began attempting to foster support for his economic stimulus package, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.[3] The bill passed in the House on January 28, 2009, by a 244–188 vote,[4] and it passed in the Senate on February 10 by a 61–37 margin.[5][6]

Barack Obama at his desk in the Oval Office of the White House, on Jan. 21, 2009. This was Obama's first full day as president.

Obama's accomplishments during the first 100 days included signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 relaxing the statute of limitations for equal-pay lawsuits;[7] signing into law the expanded State Children's Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP); winning approval of a congressional budget resolution that put Congress on record as dedicated to dealing with major health care reform legislation in 2009; implementing new ethics guidelines designed to significantly curtail the influence of lobbyists on the executive branch; breaking from the Bush administration on a number of policy fronts, except for Iraq, in which he followed through on Bush's Iraq withdrawal of U.S. troops;[8] supporting the UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity; and lifting the 7½-year ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research.[9] He also ordered the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, though it remains open. Obama lifted some travel and money restrictions to the island.[8]

At the end of the first 100 days, 65% of Americans approved of how Obama was doing and 29% disapproved.[10] According to Gallup's First quarter survey in April, President Obama received a 63% approval rating. Gallup began tracking presidential approval ratings of the first quarters since Dwight Eisenhower in 1953. President John F. Kennedy received the highest in April 1961 with a 74% rating. Obama's 63% is the fourth highest and the highest since President Jimmy Carter with a 69%. President Ronald Reagan's first quarter had 60% approval in 1981, President George H. W. Bush with 57% in 1989, President Bill Clinton with 55% in 1993, and President George W. Bush with 58% in 2001.[11]

Historical background

During the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt promised drastic initiatives within his first 100 days.[12] The New Deal legislation he got passed set a standard of action that subsequent presidents have been measured against. Although it has less significance, some analysts even make comparisons of the performances of presidents during their first 100 days of the second term.[12]

Obama and previous presidents have made statements that downplayed the significance of their first 100 days. John F. Kennedy once said his mission might never be accomplished: "All this will not be finished in the first hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first thousand days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin."[13]

Obama's first 100 days were highly anticipated after he became the apparent presumptive nominee.[14] In his first 60 Minutes post-election interview Obama said that he had been studying Roosevelt's first 100 days.[15] Understanding the significance and symbolism of the first 100 days, Hillary Clinton's campaign strategy included mapping out a first 100 days plan.[16]

While Obama began preparation for his first 100 days during the presidential transition following his election,[17] he stated that America only has one president at a time, especially for issues related to international affairs.[17] During the first hundred days in office presidents are highly scrutinised and heading into the period Obama's intention was to attempt to execute several plans that are going to be watched closely.[18][19]

Media coverage

Despite his attempt to downplay its significance, Obama's first 100 days were highly anticipated ever since he became the presumptive nominee.[14] Several news outlets, such as Fox News and CBS News, even created special portals dedicated to covering the subject.[20] Commentators particularly weighed in on challenges and priorities within the fields of domestic and foreign policy, on economic issues, and on the environment.[21][22][23][24] CNN listed a number of economic issues which "Obama and his team [would] have to tackle in their first 100 days", foremost among which was implementing a recovery package to deal with the then-ongoing financial crisis.[23][25] Even MSNBC.com, which didn't use portals, acknowledged the notability of Obama's first 100 days by including it in the titles of its stories.[26][27][28] On Obama's first day in office, BBC World Service released the results of an opinion poll of more than 17,000 people in 17 countries; it showed that 67% anticipated Obama would strengthen U.S. relations abroad, and 80% of Italians and Germans believed U.S. relations with the rest of the world would improve under Obama.[29]

Clive Stafford Smith, a British human rights lawyer, expressed hopes that Obama would close Guantanamo Bay detention camp within the time period.[22] In addition, there were speculations in Jakarta that he might return to his former home city within the first 100 days[30] after presidential aides announced his intention to hold a major foreign policy speech in the capital of an Islamic country.

The New York Times devoted a five-day series, which was spread out over two weeks, to anticipatory analysis of Obama's first hundred days. Each day a political expert's analysis was followed by freely edited blog postings from readers. The writers compared Obama's prospects with the situations of Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 16 and February 2, Jean Edward Smith),[31][32] John F. Kennedy (January 19 and February 10, Richard Reeves),[33][34] Lyndon B. Johnson (January 23, Robert Dallek),[35] Ronald Reagan (January 27, Lou Cannon),[36] and Richard Nixon (February 4, Roger Morris).[37]

Even political advocacy groups such as Amnesty International planned special strategies to leverage the strategic and political significance of the first 100 days; the group organized a 100 Days Campaign for human rights.[38]

Inauguration

Main article: First inauguration of Barack Obama
Barack Obama's Inauguration
 
 
Barack Obama was inaugurated at the United States Capitol on January 20, 2009.

The first 100 days of the Presidency of Barack Obama began during the inauguration of Barack Obama with the conversion of Whitehouse.gov from the Bush Administration version to the Obama Administration version at 12:00 pm on January 20, 2009.[39] This was only the second presidential online portal transition.[40] At 12:01, White House Director of New Media Macon Phillips posted the website's first blog post with themes of "communication", "transparency" and "participation".[40][41]

Oath of Office

Presidential Oath of Office
"Video of the Oath of Office" (0:39)
Barack Obama takes the oath of office, administered by Chief Justice John G. Roberts.
"Presidential Oath of Office (audio)"
Audio-only version
Problems playing these files? See media help.
 
Obama retaking the oath of office on January 21, 2009
Retaking the Presidential Oath of Office
"President Obama Re-Takes Oath"
Re-administering the Presidential Oath, January 21, 2009

Article 2, Section 1, Clause 8 of the Constitution states: "Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:"[42] Then, Article Two of the United States Constitution sets out the language that should be used in the oath of office of the president of the United States: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." The Vice President also has an oath of office, but it is not mandated by the Constitution and is prescribed by statute.[43]

During the inauguration, there were two matters of controversy. First, although Obama constitutionally assumed the Presidency at 12:00 pm on January 20, he did not complete the oath of office until 12:05 pm.[44][45] Clinton also completed the oath about five minutes late during his first inauguration.[44] Additionally, Obama and the administering official, Chief Justice of the United States John G. Roberts, did not execute the 35-word oath as prescribed by the United States Constitution. First, Obama jumped in before the "do solemnly swear" phrase, which seemed to throw the Chief Justice off his stride. Subsequently, Roberts moved the word "faithfully" back nine spots, and used "to" instead of "of." That threw the president off, and he smiled and paused to collect his thoughts, then decided to follow Roberts' lead. The flaw is recorded in the transcript of the oath as follows:[44][46][47]

Roberts: I, Barack Hussein Obama …
Obama: I, Barack …
Roberts: … do solemnly swear …
Obama: I, Barack Hussein Obama, do solemnly swear …
Roberts: … that I will execute the office of president to the United States faithfully …
Obama: … that I will execute …
Roberts: … the off – faithfully the pres – the office of president of the United States …
Obama (at the same time): … the office of president of the United States faithfully …

According to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Section 1: "The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January". Thus, Bush had relinquished the Presidency at 12:00. According to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Section 3: If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President,... if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified." By Article Two, Section 1, Clause 8 of the Constitution and Amendment 20, Some feel that Obama was not able to assume the Presidency until 12:05.[48] In fact, since Biden did not complete his oath until 12:01, there was further speculation as to who was President for the first minute after Bush relinquished control.[48]

Several political and constitutional law experts questioned whether Obama was officially the president since he had not correctly performed the constitutional duty of the Oath.[45] The following day at about 7:35 pm the White House,[49] Roberts re-administered the oath in an act that White House Counsel Greg Craig described as stemming from "an abundance of caution," to quell any concerns that the President may not have been properly sworn in.[42] Both Calvin Coolidge and Chester Arthur retook the oath under similar circumstances.[42]

Administration and Cabinet

Main articles: Cabinet of Barack Obama, Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates, and List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama
 
The Obama cabinet
OfficeNameTerm
PresidentBarack Obama2009–2017
Vice PresidentJoe Biden2009–2017
Secretary of StateHillary Clinton2009–2013
John Kerry2013–2017
Secretary of the TreasuryTimothy Geithner2009–2013
Jack Lew2013–2017
Secretary of DefenseRobert Gates*2006–2011
Leon Panetta2011–2013
Chuck Hagel2013–2015
Ash Carter2015–2017
Attorney GeneralEric Holder2009–2015
Loretta Lynch2015–2017
Secretary of the InteriorKen Salazar2009–2013
Sally Jewell2013–2017
Secretary of AgricultureTom Vilsack2009–2017
Secretary of CommerceGary Locke2009–2011
John Bryson2011–2012
Penny Pritzker2013–2017
Secretary of LaborHilda Solis2009–2013
Tom Perez2013–2017
Secretary of Health and
Human Services		Kathleen Sebelius2009–2014
Sylvia Mathews Burwell2014–2017
Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development		Shaun Donovan2009–2014
Julian Castro2014–2017
Secretary of TransportationRay LaHood2009–2013
Anthony Foxx2013–2017
Secretary of EnergySteven Chu2009–2013
Ernest Moniz2013–2017
Secretary of EducationArne Duncan2009–2016
John King Jr.2016–2017
Secretary of Veterans AffairsEric Shinseki2009–2014
Bob McDonald2014–2017
Secretary of Homeland SecurityJanet Napolitano2009–2013
Jeh Johnson2013–2017
Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency		Lisa Jackson2009–2013
Gina McCarthy2013–2017
Director of the Office of
Management and Budget		Peter Orszag2009–2010
Jack Lew2010–2012
Sylvia Mathews Burwell2013–2014
Shaun Donovan2014–2017
United States Trade RepresentativeRon Kirk2009–2013
Michael Froman2013–2017
Ambassador to the United NationsSusan Rice2009–2013
Samantha Power2013–2017
Chair of the
Council of Economic Advisers		Christina Romer2009–2010
Austan Goolsbee2010–2011
Alan Krueger2011–2013
Jason Furman2013–2017
Administrator of the
Small Business Administration		Karen Mills**2009–2013
Maria Contreras-Sweet2014–2017
Chief of StaffRahm Emanuel2009–2010
William M. Daley2011–2012
Jack Lew2012–2013
Denis McDonough2013–2017
*Retained from previous administration
**Elevated to cabinet-level in January 2012

Twenty-two members of the Obama administration are either in the United States Cabinet (15) or are in positions considered to be Cabinet-level (7) and must be confirmed by the current Senate. The members of the Cabinet are the heads of the fifteen major departments (State, Defense, Justice, etc.), and the seven cabinet-level positions are the Vice President, White House Chief of Staff, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, U.S. Trade Representative, Ambassador to the United Nations, and Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.[50] Since Robert Gates was a member of the previous administration, his letter of resignation (a formality at the end of a President's term) was simply not accepted, and he did not need confirmation.[51] On January 19, 2009, Senate Democratic leaders requested fifteen of the twenty-two positions to be ratified by unanimous consent,[52] and seven gained unanimous confirmation by voice vote the next day: Ken Salazar, Steven Chu, Arne Duncan, Peter Orszag, Eric Shinseki, Tom Vilsack, and Janet Napolitano.[51][53] On January 21, Obama presided over the swearing in of the seven unanimous nominees.[54] Later that day, the Senate confirmed Hillary Clinton by a 94–2 vote.[51][55] On January 22, several more confirmations were approved unanimously: Susan E. Rice, Ray LaHood, Lisa P. Jackson, and Shaun Donovan.[51][56] On January 26, the Senate confirmed Timothy Geithner by a 60–34 margin,[57] and Holder was confirmed on February 2 by a 75–21 margin.[58] Of the 31 nominations that Obama has made to senior posts only 17 were approved in January.[59]

Unanimous Cabinet Confirmations
 
 
 
 
Left to right: Salazar, Vilsack, Duncan, and Chu were unanimous Inauguration Day confirmations.

At the conclusion of Obama's first week as President, Hilda Solis, Tom Daschle, Ron Kirk, and Eric Holder had yet to be confirmed, and there had been no second appointment for Secretary of Commerce.[60] Republicans were also delaying Solis's confirmation due to a perceived lack of transparency.[60] Holder was later confirmed by a vote of 75–21 on February 2,[61] and on February 3, Obama announced Senator Judd Gregg as his second nomination for Secretary of Commerce, since Bill Richardson had withdrawn amid a grand jury investigation into a state contract awarded to his political donors.[62] Daschle withdrew later that day amid controversy over his failure to pay income taxes and potential conflicts of interest related to the speaking fees he accepted from health care interests.[63] On February 12, Judd Gregg withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Commerce, citing "irresolvable conflicts" with President Obama and his staff over how to conduct the 2010 census and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.[64][65] On February 24, Solis was confirmed by an 80–17 vote.[66][67]

The same day rumours abounded that former Democratic two-term Washington governor Gary Locke would be named as the third Obama Commerce Secretary nominee.[68][69][70] Locke was formally nominated on February 26,[71] and was confirmed on March 24 by voice vote.[72]

 
 
 
 
Left to right: Shinseki and Napolitano were Inauguration Day unanimous confirmations. LaHood and Donovan were confirmed unanimously two days later.

On March 2, Obama introduced Kansas governor Kathleen Sebelius as his second choice for Secretary of Health and Human Services. He also introduced Nancy-Ann DeParle as head of the new White House Office of Health Reform, which he suggested would work closely with the Department of Health and Human Services.[73] Ron Kirk was confirmed on March 18 by a 92–5 vote in the Senate.,[74] and by the end of March, Sebelius was the only remaining Cabinet member yet to be confirmed.[72]

By comparison, Bill Clinton only had one outstanding Cabinet confirmation at the end of his first day in office and George W. Bush had all but one approved before February 1, 2001. Ronald Reagan had twelve of thirteen Cabinet members confirmed before February 1, and Jimmy Carter had all eleven of his confirmed. George H. W. Bush only had seven of thirteen confirmed by this time.[60] Whereas his predecessors had to trade favours for contentious approvals such as Zoe Baird (Clinton), John Tower (G.H.W. Bush), or John Ashcroft (G.W. Bush), Obama has largely focused on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a proposed economic stimulus package totalling nearly $1 trillion.[60]

Cabinet nominations

During the presidential transition between the election and the inauguration, Obama named Bill Richardson to be his Commerce Secretary. Richardson withdrew his nomination on January 5 because of scrutiny regarding a pay to play scandal in which he was being investigated because his donors curiously received a lucrative transportation contract.[75] On February 3, Obama announced the nomination of Republican Judd Gregg in his place.[76][77]

Cabinet Confirmations
 
 
 
Left to right: Clinton, Geithner, and Holder were controversial confirmations during the first two weeks.

Tom Daschle was Obama's original nominee for Health and Human Services Secretary. However, he owed over $128,000 in taxes over three years, failed to report more than $83,000 in consulting fees in 2007, and owed $12,000 in interest and penalties. He also provided insufficient documentation for $15,000 of the $276,000 in charitable contributions that he and his wife, Linda, gave during the three-year period being studied by the panel. Daschle also had some miscommunications with his accountant on the $255,000 use of a luxury car service that was used 80% for personal services. Daschle paid his back taxes six days before his first confirmation hearings with the United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.[78] On February 3, The New York Times called the Daschle nomination into question both for his tax issues and for his extensive private sector work in the health services industry. The editorial noted that although Daschle was aware of his tax problem in June 2008, he did not correct it until his cabinet nomination.[79] Later that day, Daschle withdrew his nomination.[80]

Though Hillary Clinton was ultimately confirmed on January 21 by a 95–2 vote, with David Vitter (R-Louisiana) and Jim DeMint (R-South Carolina) in dissent,[55] Senate Republicans slowed the process due to objections over the charitable activities of Clinton's husband, former President Bill Clinton.[55] John Cornyn (R-Texas) held up proceedings for a day to discuss this matter. Richard Lugar (R-Indiana), the ranking Republican on the Foreign Relations Committee, expressed an interest in President Bill Clinton's foundation reject foreign contributions to avoid possible conflict of interest. Sen. Clinton contended that the foundation's disclosure plans already exceeded legal requirements.

Cabinet Withdrawals
 
 
 
Left to right: Richardson, Daschle and Gregg were original Obama appointees who withdrew their nominations.

Timothy Geithner, who was nominated as Treasury Secretary, also encountered tax issues.[81] He apologised to the United States Senate Committee on Finance for having overlooked paying $34,000 in Social Security and Medicare taxes earlier this decade.[82] The committee endorsed Geithner by an 18–5 margin with half of the ten Republicans opposing the nomination.[83] He was confirmed despite failure to pay a total of $43,000 in taxes and penalties, which troubled the Senate.[84]

Holder was endorsed by the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary by a 17–2 margin on January 28. Dissent on his confirmation centred on his support for some of Bill Clinton's controversial pardons and commutations of sentence.[85] Republican Cornyn had sought a pledge from Holder that he would not prosecute intelligence agents who participated in harsh interrogations, but Holder, who if confirmed will have to review Justice Department officials who may have violated the law for possible prosecution, refused to give such a pledge.[86]

Obama had nominated Nancy Killefer for the position of Chief Performance Officer, but Killefer withdrew on February 3 after it was revealed that she had failed to pay the unemployment compensation tax for a household employee for a period of 18 months.[citation needed]

Late Cabinet Confirmations
 
 
 
Left to right: Solis was confirmed on February 24 and Gary Locke was confirmed as the Commerce Secretary on March 24. Kathleen Sebelius was confirmed as the Health and Human Services Secretary on April 28. Sebelius was the last Cabinet nominee to be confirmed by the Senate.

The vote on Hilda Solis for Secretary of Labor had originally been scheduled for February 5, but she faced delayed confirmation hearings due to her pro-labor activities as a board member of American Rights at Work and because of $6,400 in unpaid tax liens against her husband's auto repair business.[87] Both Solis, who was uninvolved in the business, and her husband claimed not to have had any knowledge of the 16-year-old liens prior to their disclosure by a newspaper, and they paid it when notified.[88] Delays were however exacerbated due to Solis' perceived unresponsiveness to questions.[89] On February 11, the United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions voted by voice vote to endorse Hilda Solis as the Labor Secretary,[88][89] with the only dissenting members of the 22-person committee Republicans Tom Coburn and Pat Roberts.[90] Solis was later confirmed on February 24.[91]

On February 12, Senator Judd Gregg withdrew his name from consideration as United States Commerce Secretary. Judd cited policy differences between himself and the Obama administration as his primary reasons and noted that unlike earlier withdrawals he was not having difficulties with the vetting process. He had reservations about the stimulus package and about the changes being made in the United States Census Bureau as his primary concerns.[64][92][93]

Gregg has a track record of opposing funding for the Census, that is highlighted by his tenure as the Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget. The Congressional Black Caucus and National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials both expressed disappointment at Gregg's nomination because the United States Department of Commerce oversees the Census. The White House subsequently said it take control of the 2010 United States Census, but then backpedaled saying that they would "work closely" with the United States Census Director. Republicans were alarmed by the foreshadowing of "backroom deals" by the White House and Rahm Emanuel.[94][95]

While pundits puzzled over U.S. Trade Representative-designate Ron Kirk's failure to be confirmed by March 2009, it was reported on March 2 that Kirk owed over $10,000 in back taxes. Kirk agreed to pay them in exchange for Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus's aid in speeding up the confirmation process;[96] he was later confirmed on March 18.[74]

On March 31, Kathleen Sebelius, Obama's nominee for Health and Human Services secretary, revealed in a letter to the Senate Finance Committee that her Certified Public Accountant found errors in her tax returns for years 2005–2007. She, along with her husband, paid more than $7,000 in back taxes, along with $878 in interest.[97]

Notable non-Cabinet positions

Appointees serve at the pleasure of the President and were nominated by Barack Obama except as noted.

1Appointed by George W. Bush in 2006 to a five-year term
2Appointed by George W. Bush in 2001 to a ten-year term

Policy

 
Obama addresses a joint session of Congress, with Vice President Joe Biden and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.
 
Obama addresses the 111th United States Congress.
Address Before a Joint Session of Congress (February 24, 2009) (52:20)
Barack Obama's February 24, 2009 Address Before a Joint Session of Congress
Address Before a Joint Session of Congress (February 24, 2009) (audio)
Audio-only version
Problems playing these files? See media help.

One of the first acts by the Obama administration after assuming control was an order signed by Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel that suspended all pending federal regulations proposed by outgoing President George W. Bush so that they could be reviewed. This was comparable to prior moves by the Bush Administration upon assuming control from Bill Clinton, who in his final 20 days in office issued 12 executive orders.[98]

Due to the economic crisis, the President enacted a pay freeze for senior White House staff making more than $100,000 per year.[99] The action affected approximately 120 staffers and added up to about a $443,000 savings for the United States government.[100]

Obama also announced stricter guidelines regarding lobbyists in an effort to raise the ethical standards of the White House.[101] The new policy bans aides from attempting to influence the administration for at least two years if they leave his staff. It also bans aides on staff from working on matters they have previously lobbied on, or to approach agencies that they targeted while on staff. Their ban also included a gift-giving ban.[102] However, one day later he nominated William J. Lynn III, a lobbyist for defence contractor Raytheon, for the position of Deputy Secretary of Defense.[103][104] Obama later nominated William Corr, an anti-tobacco lobbyist, for Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services.[105]

In his first week in office, President Obama signed an executive order suspending all the ongoing proceedings of Guantanamo military commission and ordering that the detention facility would be shut down within the year.[106][107][108] He also signed an order requiring the Army Field Manual to be used as guide for terror interrogations, banning torture and other illegal coercive techniques, such as waterboarding.[109] He also signed the Protocol III of United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons to restrict the usage of incendiary weapons.[110][111] Obama also issued an executive order entitled "Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel," setting stricter limitations on incoming executive branch employees and placing tighter restrictions on lobbying in the White House.[112] Obama signed two Presidential Memoranda concerning energy independence, ordering the Department of Transportation to establish higher fuel efficiency standards before 2011 models are released and allowing states to raise their emissions standards above the national standard.[113] He also ended the Mexico City Policy, which banned funds to international groups that provide abortion services or counselling.[114][115]

 
Barack Obama preparing for his weekly address

In his first week he also established a policy of producing a weekly Saturday morning video address available on Whitehouse.gov and YouTube,[116][117][118] much like those released during his transition period.[119][120] The first address had been viewed by 600,000 YouTube viewers by the next afternoon.[121] The policy is likened to Franklin Delano Roosevelt's fireside chats and George W. Bush's weekly radio addresses.[120][121]

The first piece of legislation signed by Obama was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act on January 29, which promoted fair pay regardless of gender, race, or age. Lilly Ledbetter joined Obama and his wife, Michelle, as he signed the bill, fulfilling his campaign pledge to nullify Ledbetter v. Goodyear.[122]

On February 18, 2009, Obama announced that the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan would be bolstered by 17,000 new troops by summer.[123] The announcement followed the recommendation of several experts including Defense Secretary Robert Gates that additional troops be deployed to the strife-torn South Asian country.[124]

Nine days after his speech on Afghanistan, Obama addressed Marines at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, and outlined an exit strategy for the Iraq War. Obama promised to withdraw all combat troops from Iraq by August 31, 2010, and a "transitional force" of up to 50,000 counterterrorism, advisory, training, and support personnel by the end of 2011.[125]

On March 10, 2009, Barack Obama, in a meeting with the New Democrat Coalition, told them that he was a "New Democrat", "pro-growth Democrat", "supports free and fair trade", and "very concerned about a return to protectionism."[126]

On April 5, 2009, Barack Obama promoted the goal of a nuclear-free world.[127]

Policy review

The stimulus package passed in the House of Representatives on January 28 without a single Republican vote. The Republicans developed opposition without developing consensus on an alternative plan.[128] Conservatives who have been supportive of Obama have come out against the plan.[26] The Wall Street Journal has questioned whether the $825 billion package is well designed.[129] However, Duncan notes that one of the largest components, $140 billion earmarked for education, is well spent.[130] Christopher Dodd is credited with inserting the last-minute pay limit into American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The pay restrictions included prohibition of bonuses in excess of one-third of total salary for any company receiving any money from the plan and was retroactive to companies that received funds under Troubled Assets Relief Program. The limit was a significant alteration of the administration's plan and caught Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and National Economic Council Chairman Lawrence Summers by surprise.[131]

After Obama announced deadlines for the phased withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Iraq, Congress broadly endorsed the president's plan and agreed to legislate the stated timetables, though some in the Democratic Party balked at the 50,000-head figure for the transitional force and many in the Republican Party criticised the deadlines' rigidity. Arizona Senator John McCain, the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 election, voiced support for his former rival's plan.[132]

Other notable events

On March 19, Obama became the first sitting president to appear on a late night talk show when he was a guest on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[133] On April 2, Obama attended the G-20 London Summit. On April 17–19 he attended the 5th Summit of the Americas where he met Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez, a longtime enemy of Washington, who shook his hand and gave him the book Las venas abiertas de América Latina (Open Veins of Latin America) of Eduardo Galeano while media was present.[134] On April 28, day 99 of Obama's presidency, Senator Arlen Specter (a former Democrat who switched to the Republican party in 1966) returned to the Democratic Party. Specter increased the Democratic senators to 59, one short of a filibuster-proof majority.[135] At the conclusion of the first 100 days, over 100 federal judgeships remained vacant.[136]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "Jumping the gun". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited. December 4, 2008. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
  3. ^ "Obama: 'Dramatic Action' Needed Now to Fix Economy". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 17, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.[dead link]
  4. ^ Calmes, Jackie (January 28, 2009). "House Passes Stimulus Plan Despite G.O.P. Opposition". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
  5. ^ Phillips, Kate (February 10, 2009). "Senate Passes Stimulus Bill, 61-37". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
  6. ^ Ahrens, Frank (February 10, 2009). "Senate Passes Stimulus Bill, 61-37". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
  7. ^ "Obama Signs Equal-Pay Legislation". The New York Times. January 30, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
  8. ^ a b King: Second 100 days will be bigger test for Obama, CNN, John King
  9. ^ In First 100 Days, Obama Flips Bush Admin's Policies, ABC News, Huma Khan, April 29, 2009
  10. ^ "At 100 Days, Obama Approval Broad as Well as Deep". Gallup.com. April 29, 2009. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  11. ^ "Obama Averages 63% Approval in His First quarter". Gallup.com. April 17, 2009. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  12. ^ a b Schuster, David (May 2, 2005). "First 100 days of the second term: President Bush has reached an important milestone". NBC News. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  13. ^ Meacham, Jon (January 18, 2009). "How Will He Govern? Watch the First Day". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
  14. ^ a b Dorning, Mike (May 28, 2008). "Obama's priorities for first 100 days". The Swamp. Tribune Interactive. from the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
  15. ^ Chernus, Ira (December 16, 2008). . The LA Progressive. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
  16. ^ "Clinton sketches her first 100 days agenda: Says Bush-Cheney era would be over in name and in practice on day one". NBC News. April 15, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  17. ^ a b Shear, Michael D. (January 17, 2009). "Obama's "one president" gambit". Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
  18. ^ Cilizza, Chris (January 9, 2009). "Wag the Blog Redux: Obama's First 100 Days". Chicago Tribune. The Fix. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
  19. ^ Greenberg, David (January 16, 2009). "Fearless Leader". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
  20. ^ Examples of "100 days"–portals:
    • "Obama's First 100 Days". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
    • . Fox News. Archived from the original on July 22, 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
    • "The 44th President 100 Days". CBS News. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  21. ^ Hall, Ashley (January 21, 2009). "Domestic issues to dominate Obama's first 100 days in office". ABC Online, Australia. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
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External links

February 24, 2023
first, days, barack, obama, presidency, chronological, listing, 2009, events, timeline, barack, obama, presidency, 2009, first, days, barack, obama, presidency, began, january, 2009, barack, obama, inaugurated, 44th, president, united, states, first, days, pre. For a chronological listing of 2009 events see Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency 2009 The first 100 days of Barack Obama s presidency began on January 20 2009 the day Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States The first 100 days of a presidential term took on symbolic significance during Franklin D Roosevelt s first term in office and the period is considered a benchmark to measure the early success of a president The 100th day of his presidency ended at noon on April 30 2009 Obama stated that he should not be judged just by his first hundred days The first hundred days is going to be important but it s probably going to be the first thousand days that makes the difference 1 Obama began to formally create his presidential footprint during his first 100 days 2 Obama quickly began attempting to foster support for his economic stimulus package American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 3 The bill passed in the House on January 28 2009 by a 244 188 vote 4 and it passed in the Senate on February 10 by a 61 37 margin 5 6 Barack Obama at his desk in the Oval Office of the White House on Jan 21 2009 This was Obama s first full day as president Obama s accomplishments during the first 100 days included signing the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 relaxing the statute of limitations for equal pay lawsuits 7 signing into law the expanded State Children s Health Insurance Program S CHIP winning approval of a congressional budget resolution that put Congress on record as dedicated to dealing with major health care reform legislation in 2009 implementing new ethics guidelines designed to significantly curtail the influence of lobbyists on the executive branch breaking from the Bush administration on a number of policy fronts except for Iraq in which he followed through on Bush s Iraq withdrawal of U S troops 8 supporting the UN declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity and lifting the 7 year ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research 9 He also ordered the closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba though it remains open Obama lifted some travel and money restrictions to the island 8 At the end of the first 100 days 65 of Americans approved of how Obama was doing and 29 disapproved 10 According to Gallup s First quarter survey in April President Obama received a 63 approval rating Gallup began tracking presidential approval ratings of the first quarters since Dwight Eisenhower in 1953 President John F Kennedy received the highest in April 1961 with a 74 rating Obama s 63 is the fourth highest and the highest since President Jimmy Carter with a 69 President Ronald Reagan s first quarter had 60 approval in 1981 President George H W Bush with 57 in 1989 President Bill Clinton with 55 in 1993 and President George W Bush with 58 in 2001 11 Contents 1 Historical background 2 Media coverage 3 Inauguration 3 1 Oath of Office 4 Administration and Cabinet 4 1 Cabinet nominations 4 2 Notable non Cabinet positions 5 Policy 5 1 Policy review 6 Other notable events 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistorical background EditDuring the Great Depression Franklin D Roosevelt promised drastic initiatives within his first 100 days 12 The New Deal legislation he got passed set a standard of action that subsequent presidents have been measured against Although it has less significance some analysts even make comparisons of the performances of presidents during their first 100 days of the second term 12 Obama and previous presidents have made statements that downplayed the significance of their first 100 days John F Kennedy once said his mission might never be accomplished All this will not be finished in the first hundred days Nor will it be finished in the first thousand days nor in the life of this administration nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet But let us begin 13 Obama s first 100 days were highly anticipated after he became the apparent presumptive nominee 14 In his first 60 Minutes post election interview Obama said that he had been studying Roosevelt s first 100 days 15 Understanding the significance and symbolism of the first 100 days Hillary Clinton s campaign strategy included mapping out a first 100 days plan 16 While Obama began preparation for his first 100 days during the presidential transition following his election 17 he stated that America only has one president at a time especially for issues related to international affairs 17 During the first hundred days in office presidents are highly scrutinised and heading into the period Obama s intention was to attempt to execute several plans that are going to be watched closely 18 19 Media coverage EditDespite his attempt to downplay its significance Obama s first 100 days were highly anticipated ever since he became the presumptive nominee 14 Several news outlets such as Fox News and CBS News even created special portals dedicated to covering the subject 20 Commentators particularly weighed in on challenges and priorities within the fields of domestic and foreign policy on economic issues and on the environment 21 22 23 24 CNN listed a number of economic issues which Obama and his team would have to tackle in their first 100 days foremost among which was implementing a recovery package to deal with the then ongoing financial crisis 23 25 Even MSNBC com which didn t use portals acknowledged the notability of Obama s first 100 days by including it in the titles of its stories 26 27 28 On Obama s first day in office BBC World Service released the results of an opinion poll of more than 17 000 people in 17 countries it showed that 67 anticipated Obama would strengthen U S relations abroad and 80 of Italians and Germans believed U S relations with the rest of the world would improve under Obama 29 Clive Stafford Smith a British human rights lawyer expressed hopes that Obama would close Guantanamo Bay detention camp within the time period 22 In addition there were speculations in Jakarta that he might return to his former home city within the first 100 days 30 after presidential aides announced his intention to hold a major foreign policy speech in the capital of an Islamic country The New York Times devoted a five day series which was spread out over two weeks to anticipatory analysis of Obama s first hundred days Each day a political expert s analysis was followed by freely edited blog postings from readers The writers compared Obama s prospects with the situations of Franklin D Roosevelt January 16 and February 2 Jean Edward Smith 31 32 John F Kennedy January 19 and February 10 Richard Reeves 33 34 Lyndon B Johnson January 23 Robert Dallek 35 Ronald Reagan January 27 Lou Cannon 36 and Richard Nixon February 4 Roger Morris 37 Even political advocacy groups such as Amnesty International planned special strategies to leverage the strategic and political significance of the first 100 days the group organized a 100 Days Campaign for human rights 38 Inauguration EditMain article First inauguration of Barack Obama Barack Obama s Inauguration Barack Obama was inaugurated at the United States Capitol on January 20 2009 The first 100 days of the Presidency of Barack Obama began during the inauguration of Barack Obama with the conversion of Whitehouse gov from the Bush Administration version to the Obama Administration version at 12 00 pm on January 20 2009 39 This was only the second presidential online portal transition 40 At 12 01 White House Director of New Media Macon Phillips posted the website s first blog post with themes of communication transparency and participation 40 41 Oath of Office Edit Presidential Oath of Office Video of the Oath of Office 0 39 source source source Barack Obama takes the oath of office administered by Chief Justice John G Roberts Presidential Oath of Office audio source source Audio only version Problems playing these files See media help Obama retaking the oath of office on January 21 2009 Retaking the Presidential Oath of Office President Obama Re Takes Oath source source Re administering the Presidential Oath January 21 2009 Article 2 Section 1 Clause 8 of the Constitution states Before he enter on the Execution of his Office he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation 42 Then Article Two of the United States Constitution sets out the language that should be used in the oath of office of the president of the United States I do solemnly swear or affirm that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution of the United States The Vice President also has an oath of office but it is not mandated by the Constitution and is prescribed by statute 43 During the inauguration there were two matters of controversy First although Obama constitutionally assumed the Presidency at 12 00 pm on January 20 he did not complete the oath of office until 12 05 pm 44 45 Clinton also completed the oath about five minutes late during his first inauguration 44 Additionally Obama and the administering official Chief Justice of the United States John G Roberts did not execute the 35 word oath as prescribed by the United States Constitution First Obama jumped in before the do solemnly swear phrase which seemed to throw the Chief Justice off his stride Subsequently Roberts moved the word faithfully back nine spots and used to instead of of That threw the president off and he smiled and paused to collect his thoughts then decided to follow Roberts lead The flaw is recorded in the transcript of the oath as follows 44 46 47 Roberts I Barack Hussein Obama Obama I Barack Roberts do solemnly swear Obama I Barack Hussein Obama do solemnly swear Roberts that I will execute the office of president to the United States faithfully Obama that I will execute Roberts the off faithfully the pres the office of president of the United States Obama at the same time the office of president of the United States faithfully According to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution Section 1 The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January Thus Bush had relinquished the Presidency at 12 00 According to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution Section 3 If at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President if the President elect shall have failed to qualify then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified By Article Two Section 1 Clause 8 of the Constitution and Amendment 20 Some feel that Obama was not able to assume the Presidency until 12 05 48 In fact since Biden did not complete his oath until 12 01 there was further speculation as to who was President for the first minute after Bush relinquished control 48 Several political and constitutional law experts questioned whether Obama was officially the president since he had not correctly performed the constitutional duty of the Oath 45 The following day at about 7 35 pm the White House 49 Roberts re administered the oath in an act that White House Counsel Greg Craig described as stemming from an abundance of caution to quell any concerns that the President may not have been properly sworn in 42 Both Calvin Coolidge and Chester Arthur retook the oath under similar circumstances 42 Administration and Cabinet EditMain articles Cabinet of Barack Obama Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates and List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama The Obama cabinetOfficeNameTermPresidentBarack Obama2009 2017Vice PresidentJoe Biden2009 2017Secretary of StateHillary Clinton2009 2013John Kerry2013 2017Secretary of the TreasuryTimothy Geithner2009 2013Jack Lew2013 2017Secretary of DefenseRobert Gates 2006 2011Leon Panetta2011 2013Chuck Hagel2013 2015Ash Carter2015 2017Attorney GeneralEric Holder2009 2015Loretta Lynch2015 2017Secretary of the InteriorKen Salazar2009 2013Sally Jewell2013 2017Secretary of AgricultureTom Vilsack2009 2017Secretary of CommerceGary Locke2009 2011John Bryson2011 2012Penny Pritzker2013 2017Secretary of LaborHilda Solis2009 2013Tom Perez2013 2017Secretary of Health andHuman ServicesKathleen Sebelius2009 2014Sylvia Mathews Burwell2014 2017Secretary of Housing andUrban DevelopmentShaun Donovan2009 2014Julian Castro2014 2017Secretary of TransportationRay LaHood2009 2013Anthony Foxx2013 2017Secretary of EnergySteven Chu2009 2013Ernest Moniz2013 2017Secretary of EducationArne Duncan2009 2016John King Jr 2016 2017Secretary of Veterans AffairsEric Shinseki2009 2014Bob McDonald2014 2017Secretary of Homeland SecurityJanet Napolitano2009 2013Jeh Johnson2013 2017Administrator of theEnvironmental Protection AgencyLisa Jackson2009 2013Gina McCarthy2013 2017Director of the Office ofManagement and BudgetPeter Orszag2009 2010Jack Lew2010 2012Sylvia Mathews Burwell2013 2014Shaun Donovan2014 2017United States Trade RepresentativeRon Kirk2009 2013Michael Froman2013 2017Ambassador to the United NationsSusan Rice2009 2013Samantha Power2013 2017Chair of theCouncil of Economic AdvisersChristina Romer2009 2010Austan Goolsbee2010 2011Alan Krueger2011 2013Jason Furman2013 2017Administrator of theSmall Business AdministrationKaren Mills 2009 2013Maria Contreras Sweet2014 2017Chief of StaffRahm Emanuel2009 2010William M Daley2011 2012Jack Lew2012 2013Denis McDonough2013 2017 Retained from previous administration Elevated to cabinet level in January 2012Twenty two members of the Obama administration are either in the United States Cabinet 15 or are in positions considered to be Cabinet level 7 and must be confirmed by the current Senate The members of the Cabinet are the heads of the fifteen major departments State Defense Justice etc and the seven cabinet level positions are the Vice President White House Chief of Staff Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Director of the Office of Management and Budget U S Trade Representative Ambassador to the United Nations and Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy 50 Since Robert Gates was a member of the previous administration his letter of resignation a formality at the end of a President s term was simply not accepted and he did not need confirmation 51 On January 19 2009 Senate Democratic leaders requested fifteen of the twenty two positions to be ratified by unanimous consent 52 and seven gained unanimous confirmation by voice vote the next day Ken Salazar Steven Chu Arne Duncan Peter Orszag Eric Shinseki Tom Vilsack and Janet Napolitano 51 53 On January 21 Obama presided over the swearing in of the seven unanimous nominees 54 Later that day the Senate confirmed Hillary Clinton by a 94 2 vote 51 55 On January 22 several more confirmations were approved unanimously Susan E Rice Ray LaHood Lisa P Jackson and Shaun Donovan 51 56 On January 26 the Senate confirmed Timothy Geithner by a 60 34 margin 57 and Holder was confirmed on February 2 by a 75 21 margin 58 Of the 31 nominations that Obama has made to senior posts only 17 were approved in January 59 Unanimous Cabinet Confirmations Left to right Salazar Vilsack Duncan and Chu were unanimous Inauguration Day confirmations At the conclusion of Obama s first week as President Hilda Solis Tom Daschle Ron Kirk and Eric Holder had yet to be confirmed and there had been no second appointment for Secretary of Commerce 60 Republicans were also delaying Solis s confirmation due to a perceived lack of transparency 60 Holder was later confirmed by a vote of 75 21 on February 2 61 and on February 3 Obama announced Senator Judd Gregg as his second nomination for Secretary of Commerce since Bill Richardson had withdrawn amid a grand jury investigation into a state contract awarded to his political donors 62 Daschle withdrew later that day amid controversy over his failure to pay income taxes and potential conflicts of interest related to the speaking fees he accepted from health care interests 63 On February 12 Judd Gregg withdrew his nomination as Secretary of Commerce citing irresolvable conflicts with President Obama and his staff over how to conduct the 2010 census and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 64 65 On February 24 Solis was confirmed by an 80 17 vote 66 67 The same day rumours abounded that former Democratic two term Washington governor Gary Locke would be named as the third Obama Commerce Secretary nominee 68 69 70 Locke was formally nominated on February 26 71 and was confirmed on March 24 by voice vote 72 Left to right Shinseki and Napolitano were Inauguration Day unanimous confirmations LaHood and Donovan were confirmed unanimously two days later On March 2 Obama introduced Kansas governor Kathleen Sebelius as his second choice for Secretary of Health and Human Services He also introduced Nancy Ann DeParle as head of the new White House Office of Health Reform which he suggested would work closely with the Department of Health and Human Services 73 Ron Kirk was confirmed on March 18 by a 92 5 vote in the Senate 74 and by the end of March Sebelius was the only remaining Cabinet member yet to be confirmed 72 By comparison Bill Clinton only had one outstanding Cabinet confirmation at the end of his first day in office and George W Bush had all but one approved before February 1 2001 Ronald Reagan had twelve of thirteen Cabinet members confirmed before February 1 and Jimmy Carter had all eleven of his confirmed George H W Bush only had seven of thirteen confirmed by this time 60 Whereas his predecessors had to trade favours for contentious approvals such as Zoe Baird Clinton John Tower G H W Bush or John Ashcroft G W Bush Obama has largely focused on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 a proposed economic stimulus package totalling nearly 1 trillion 60 Cabinet nominations Edit During the presidential transition between the election and the inauguration Obama named Bill Richardson to be his Commerce Secretary Richardson withdrew his nomination on January 5 because of scrutiny regarding a pay to play scandal in which he was being investigated because his donors curiously received a lucrative transportation contract 75 On February 3 Obama announced the nomination of Republican Judd Gregg in his place 76 77 Cabinet Confirmations Left to right Clinton Geithner and Holder were controversial confirmations during the first two weeks Tom Daschle was Obama s original nominee for Health and Human Services Secretary However he owed over 128 000 in taxes over three years failed to report more than 83 000 in consulting fees in 2007 and owed 12 000 in interest and penalties He also provided insufficient documentation for 15 000 of the 276 000 in charitable contributions that he and his wife Linda gave during the three year period being studied by the panel Daschle also had some miscommunications with his accountant on the 255 000 use of a luxury car service that was used 80 for personal services Daschle paid his back taxes six days before his first confirmation hearings with the United States Senate Committee on Health Education Labor and Pensions 78 On February 3 The New York Times called the Daschle nomination into question both for his tax issues and for his extensive private sector work in the health services industry The editorial noted that although Daschle was aware of his tax problem in June 2008 he did not correct it until his cabinet nomination 79 Later that day Daschle withdrew his nomination 80 Though Hillary Clinton was ultimately confirmed on January 21 by a 95 2 vote with David Vitter R Louisiana and Jim DeMint R South Carolina in dissent 55 Senate Republicans slowed the process due to objections over the charitable activities of Clinton s husband former President Bill Clinton 55 John Cornyn R Texas held up proceedings for a day to discuss this matter Richard Lugar R Indiana the ranking Republican on the Foreign Relations Committee expressed an interest in President Bill Clinton s foundation reject foreign contributions to avoid possible conflict of interest Sen Clinton contended that the foundation s disclosure plans already exceeded legal requirements Cabinet Withdrawals Left to right Richardson Daschle and Gregg were original Obama appointees who withdrew their nominations Timothy Geithner who was nominated as Treasury Secretary also encountered tax issues 81 He apologised to the United States Senate Committee on Finance for having overlooked paying 34 000 in Social Security and Medicare taxes earlier this decade 82 The committee endorsed Geithner by an 18 5 margin with half of the ten Republicans opposing the nomination 83 He was confirmed despite failure to pay a total of 43 000 in taxes and penalties which troubled the Senate 84 Holder was endorsed by the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary by a 17 2 margin on January 28 Dissent on his confirmation centred on his support for some of Bill Clinton s controversial pardons and commutations of sentence 85 Republican Cornyn had sought a pledge from Holder that he would not prosecute intelligence agents who participated in harsh interrogations but Holder who if confirmed will have to review Justice Department officials who may have violated the law for possible prosecution refused to give such a pledge 86 Obama had nominated Nancy Killefer for the position of Chief Performance Officer but Killefer withdrew on February 3 after it was revealed that she had failed to pay the unemployment compensation tax for a household employee for a period of 18 months citation needed Late Cabinet Confirmations Left to right Solis was confirmed on February 24 and Gary Locke was confirmed as the Commerce Secretary on March 24 Kathleen Sebelius was confirmed as the Health and Human Services Secretary on April 28 Sebelius was the last Cabinet nominee to be confirmed by the Senate The vote on Hilda Solis for Secretary of Labor had originally been scheduled for February 5 but she faced delayed confirmation hearings due to her pro labor activities as a board member of American Rights at Work and because of 6 400 in unpaid tax liens against her husband s auto repair business 87 Both Solis who was uninvolved in the business and her husband claimed not to have had any knowledge of the 16 year old liens prior to their disclosure by a newspaper and they paid it when notified 88 Delays were however exacerbated due to Solis perceived unresponsiveness to questions 89 On February 11 the United States Senate Committee on Health Education Labor and Pensions voted by voice vote to endorse Hilda Solis as the Labor Secretary 88 89 with the only dissenting members of the 22 person committee Republicans Tom Coburn and Pat Roberts 90 Solis was later confirmed on February 24 91 On February 12 Senator Judd Gregg withdrew his name from consideration as United States Commerce Secretary Judd cited policy differences between himself and the Obama administration as his primary reasons and noted that unlike earlier withdrawals he was not having difficulties with the vetting process He had reservations about the stimulus package and about the changes being made in the United States Census Bureau as his primary concerns 64 92 93 Gregg has a track record of opposing funding for the Census that is highlighted by his tenure as the Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget The Congressional Black Caucus and National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials both expressed disappointment at Gregg s nomination because the United States Department of Commerce oversees the Census The White House subsequently said it take control of the 2010 United States Census but then backpedaled saying that they would work closely with the United States Census Director Republicans were alarmed by the foreshadowing of backroom deals by the White House and Rahm Emanuel 94 95 While pundits puzzled over U S Trade Representative designate Ron Kirk s failure to be confirmed by March 2009 it was reported on March 2 that Kirk owed over 10 000 in back taxes Kirk agreed to pay them in exchange for Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus s aid in speeding up the confirmation process 96 he was later confirmed on March 18 74 On March 31 Kathleen Sebelius Obama s nominee for Health and Human Services secretary revealed in a letter to the Senate Finance Committee that her Certified Public Accountant found errors in her tax returns for years 2005 2007 She along with her husband paid more than 7 000 in back taxes along with 878 in interest 97 Notable non Cabinet positions Edit Appointees serve at the pleasure of the President and were nominated by Barack Obama except as noted Sheila Bair Chair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation1 Retired Admiral Dennis C Blair Director of National Intelligence Richard Holbrooke special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan Retired General James L Jones Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs George J Mitchell special envoy to the Middle East Robert Mueller Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation2 Leon Panetta Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Christina Romer Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers Dennis Ross Special Advisor for the Gulf and Southwest Asia under the Secretary of State Mary Schapiro Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission Lawrence Summers Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of National Economic Council Paul Volcker Chairman of the Economic Recovery Advisory Board1Appointed by George W Bush in 2006 to a five year term2Appointed by George W Bush in 2001 to a ten year termPolicy Edit Obama addresses a joint session of Congress with Vice President Joe Biden and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi Obama addresses the 111th United States Congress Address Before a Joint Session of Congress February 24 2009 52 20 source source source Barack Obama s February 24 2009 Address Before a Joint Session of CongressAddress Before a Joint Session of Congress February 24 2009 audio source source Audio only version Problems playing these files See media help One of the first acts by the Obama administration after assuming control was an order signed by Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel that suspended all pending federal regulations proposed by outgoing President George W Bush so that they could be reviewed This was comparable to prior moves by the Bush Administration upon assuming control from Bill Clinton who in his final 20 days in office issued 12 executive orders 98 Due to the economic crisis the President enacted a pay freeze for senior White House staff making more than 100 000 per year 99 The action affected approximately 120 staffers and added up to about a 443 000 savings for the United States government 100 Obama also announced stricter guidelines regarding lobbyists in an effort to raise the ethical standards of the White House 101 The new policy bans aides from attempting to influence the administration for at least two years if they leave his staff It also bans aides on staff from working on matters they have previously lobbied on or to approach agencies that they targeted while on staff Their ban also included a gift giving ban 102 However one day later he nominated William J Lynn III a lobbyist for defence contractor Raytheon for the position of Deputy Secretary of Defense 103 104 Obama later nominated William Corr an anti tobacco lobbyist for Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services 105 In his first week in office President Obama signed an executive order suspending all the ongoing proceedings of Guantanamo military commission and ordering that the detention facility would be shut down within the year 106 107 108 He also signed an order requiring the Army Field Manual to be used as guide for terror interrogations banning torture and other illegal coercive techniques such as waterboarding 109 He also signed the Protocol III of United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons to restrict the usage of incendiary weapons 110 111 Obama also issued an executive order entitled Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel setting stricter limitations on incoming executive branch employees and placing tighter restrictions on lobbying in the White House 112 Obama signed two Presidential Memoranda concerning energy independence ordering the Department of Transportation to establish higher fuel efficiency standards before 2011 models are released and allowing states to raise their emissions standards above the national standard 113 He also ended the Mexico City Policy which banned funds to international groups that provide abortion services or counselling 114 115 Barack Obama preparing for his weekly address In his first week he also established a policy of producing a weekly Saturday morning video address available on Whitehouse gov and YouTube 116 117 118 much like those released during his transition period 119 120 The first address had been viewed by 600 000 YouTube viewers by the next afternoon 121 The policy is likened to Franklin Delano Roosevelt s fireside chats and George W Bush s weekly radio addresses 120 121 The first piece of legislation signed by Obama was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act on January 29 which promoted fair pay regardless of gender race or age Lilly Ledbetter joined Obama and his wife Michelle as he signed the bill fulfilling his campaign pledge to nullify Ledbetter v Goodyear 122 On February 18 2009 Obama announced that the U S military presence in Afghanistan would be bolstered by 17 000 new troops by summer 123 The announcement followed the recommendation of several experts including Defense Secretary Robert Gates that additional troops be deployed to the strife torn South Asian country 124 Nine days after his speech on Afghanistan Obama addressed Marines at Camp Lejeune North Carolina and outlined an exit strategy for the Iraq War Obama promised to withdraw all combat troops from Iraq by August 31 2010 and a transitional force of up to 50 000 counterterrorism advisory training and support personnel by the end of 2011 125 On March 10 2009 Barack Obama in a meeting with the New Democrat Coalition told them that he was a New Democrat pro growth Democrat supports free and fair trade and very concerned about a return to protectionism 126 On April 5 2009 Barack Obama promoted the goal of a nuclear free world 127 Policy review Edit The stimulus package passed in the House of Representatives on January 28 without a single Republican vote The Republicans developed opposition without developing consensus on an alternative plan 128 Conservatives who have been supportive of Obama have come out against the plan 26 The Wall Street Journal has questioned whether the 825 billion package is well designed 129 However Duncan notes that one of the largest components 140 billion earmarked for education is well spent 130 Christopher Dodd is credited with inserting the last minute pay limit into American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 The pay restrictions included prohibition of bonuses in excess of one third of total salary for any company receiving any money from the plan and was retroactive to companies that received funds under Troubled Assets Relief Program The limit was a significant alteration of the administration s plan and caught Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and National Economic Council Chairman Lawrence Summers by surprise 131 After Obama announced deadlines for the phased withdrawal of U S military forces from Iraq Congress broadly endorsed the president s plan and agreed to legislate the stated timetables though some in the Democratic Party balked at the 50 000 head figure for the transitional force and many in the Republican Party criticised the deadlines rigidity Arizona Senator John McCain the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 election voiced support for his former rival s plan 132 Other notable events EditOn March 19 Obama became the first sitting president to appear on a late night talk show when he was a guest on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno 133 On April 2 Obama attended the G 20 London Summit On April 17 19 he attended the 5th Summit of the Americas where he met Venezuela s President Hugo Chavez a longtime enemy of Washington who shook his hand and gave him the book Las venas abiertas de America Latina Open Veins of Latin America of Eduardo Galeano while media was present 134 On April 28 day 99 of Obama s presidency Senator Arlen Specter a former Democrat who switched to the Republican party in 1966 returned to the Democratic Party Specter increased the Democratic senators to 59 one short of a filibuster proof majority 135 At the conclusion of the first 100 days over 100 federal judgeships remained vacant 136 See also Edit United States portal Politics portal 2000s portalFirst 100 days of Franklin D Roosevelt s presidency First 100 days of Donald Trump s presidency First 100 days of Joe Biden s presidencyReferences Edit Reid Tim November 1 2008 Barack Obama lays plans to deaden expectation after election victory The Times London Retrieved January 18 2009 Jumping the gun The Economist The Economist Newspaper Limited December 4 2008 Retrieved January 17 2008 Obama Dramatic Action Needed Now to Fix Economy The New York Times Associated Press January 17 2009 Retrieved January 17 2009 dead link Calmes Jackie January 28 2009 House Passes Stimulus Plan Despite G O P Opposition The New York Times Retrieved February 12 2009 Phillips Kate February 10 2009 Senate Passes Stimulus Bill 61 37 The New York Times Retrieved February 12 2009 Ahrens Frank February 10 2009 Senate Passes Stimulus Bill 61 37 The Washington Post Retrieved February 12 2009 Obama Signs Equal Pay Legislation The New York Times January 30 2009 Retrieved June 15 2009 a b King Second 100 days will be bigger test for Obama CNN John King In First 100 Days Obama Flips Bush Admin s Policies ABC News Huma Khan April 29 2009 At 100 Days Obama Approval Broad as Well as Deep Gallup com April 29 2009 Retrieved August 10 2010 Obama Averages 63 Approval in His First quarter Gallup com April 17 2009 Retrieved August 10 2010 a b Schuster David May 2 2005 First 100 days of the second term President Bush has reached an important milestone NBC News Retrieved February 2 2009 Meacham Jon January 18 2009 How Will He Govern Watch the First Day The Washington Post Retrieved January 18 2009 a b Dorning Mike May 28 2008 Obama s priorities for first 100 days The Swamp Tribune Interactive Archived from the original on May 8 2012 Retrieved January 18 2009 Chernus Ira December 16 2008 The First Hundred Days or the Last Hundred Days The LA Progressive Archived from the original on February 10 2009 Retrieved January 18 2009 Clinton sketches her first 100 days agenda Says Bush Cheney era would be over in name and in practice on day one NBC News April 15 2008 Retrieved February 2 2009 a b Shear Michael D January 17 2009 Obama s one president gambit Washington Post Retrieved January 17 2009 Cilizza Chris January 9 2009 Wag the Blog Redux Obama s First 100 Days Chicago Tribune The Fix Retrieved January 17 2009 Greenberg David January 16 2009 Fearless Leader The New York Times Retrieved January 17 2009 Examples of 100 days portals Obama s First 100 Days Huffington Post Retrieved January 21 2009 The 1st 100 Days of the Presidency Fox News Archived from the original on July 22 2009 Retrieved January 21 2009 The 44th President 100 Days CBS News Retrieved January 21 2009 Hall Ashley January 21 2009 Domestic issues to dominate Obama s first 100 days in office ABC Online Australia Retrieved January 21 2009 a b Naughton Philippe January 21 2009 Barack Obama calls halt to Guantanamo trials The Times London Retrieved January 21 2009 a b Sahadi Jeanne January 20 2009 First 100 days Obama s burden CNN Retrieved January 21 2009 West Larry January 20 2009 Obama s First 100 Days An Environmental Agenda for Obama s First 100 Days About com Retrieved January 21 2009 The 44th President First 100 days CNNPolitics com Cable News Network Retrieved February 2 2009 a b Montanaro Domenico January 30 2009 First 100 days Selling the stimulus MSNBC Archived from the original on February 2 2009 Retrieved February 4 2009 Montanaro Domenico January 27 2009 First 100 days Heading to the Hill MSNBC Archived from the original on January 30 2009 Retrieved February 4 2009 First 100 days Obama vs Wall Street MSNBC January 30 2009 Archived from the original on February 2 2009 Retrieved February 3 2003 Thomas Archie January 20 2009 World watches Obama inauguration International audiences have mixed views Variety Retrieved March 9 2009 Murray Lisa January 22 2009 Jakarta schoolchildren cheer for the rise of a former student The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved January 21 2009 Smith Jean Edward January 16 2009 How F D R Made the Presidency Matter The New York Times Retrieved January 29 2009 Smith Jean Edward February 2 2009 Obama F D R and Taming the Press The New York Times Retrieved February 4 2009 Reeves Richard January 19 2009 Kennedy s Words Obama s Challenge The New York Times Retrieved January 29 2009 Reeves Richard February 10 2009 Missile Gaps and Other Broken Promises The New York Times Retrieved February 12 2009 Dallek Richard January 23 2009 L B J Obama and Reassuring a Worried Nation The New York Times Retrieved January 29 2009 Cannon Lou January 27 2009 Obama s Reagan Transformation The New York Times Retrieved January 29 2009 Morris Roger February 4 2009 The President Behind the Mask The New York Times Retrieved February 12 2009 100 Days Action Amnesty International USA Archived from the original on February 18 2009 Retrieved February 16 2009 Schonfeld Erick January 20 2009 Whitehouse gov Has A New Face And a Blog The Washington Post Retrieved January 28 2009 a b Vargas Jose Antonio Sarah Cohen January 21 2009 Democracy Online WhiteHouse gov Turns the Page The Washington Post Retrieved January 28 2009 Phillips Macon January 20 2009 Change has come to WhiteHouse gov whitehouse gov Retrieved January 28 2009 via National Archives a b c Obama retakes oath of office after flub NBC News 2009 Retrieved February 1 2009 Oath of office in the US Title 5 3331 Oath of office Law cornell edu Retrieved November 11 2008 a b c Mears Bill January 21 2009 Obama re takes oath of office at the White House Political Ticker Cable News Network LP LLLP Retrieved February 1 2009 a b Knowles David January 21 2009 Is Obama Really President After Oath Flub Political Machine AOL LLC Archived from the original on March 25 2009 Retrieved February 2 2009 Obama Chief Justice Roberts Stumble in Recitation of Presidential Oath Chief Justice John Roberts officiated over his first inauguration Tuesday by swearing in President elect Barack Obama as president of the United States Fox News Network LLC January 20 2009 Archived from the original on January 24 2009 Retrieved February 1 2009 Montanaro Domenico January 20 2009 About That Oath Flub MSNBC Archived from the original on January 21 2009 Retrieved February 1 2009 a b Beaujon Andrew January 20 2009 Remember When Biden Was President Washington City Paper Creative Loafing Media Retrieved February 2 2009 Obama retakes oath of office after Roberts mistake CNNPolitics com Cable News Network January 22 2009 Retrieved February 2 2009 Daniel Guarnera December 19 2008 Obama s Cabinet Full Except for Drug Czar Archived from the original on July 16 2012 Retrieved January 28 2009 a b c d The Obama Cabinet Confirmations amp Nominations National Public Radio January 22 2009 Retrieved January 28 2009 Rushing J Taylor January 19 2009 Senate considers unanimous consent on Obama Cabinet The Hill Capitol Hill Publishing Corp Retrieved January 28 2009 Senate confirms 7 Obama Cabinet nominees Vote on Clinton delayed a day after Cornyn s objection The Houston Chronicle January 20 2009 Archived from the original on June 28 2011 Retrieved January 29 2009 Knowlton Brian January 21 2009 On His First Full Day Obama Tackles Sobering Challenges The New York Times Retrieved January 28 2009 a b c Meyer Josh Paul Richter January 21 2009 Hillary Clinton confirmed for Cabinet but Eric Holder delayed Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on February 27 2009 Retrieved January 28 2009 Phillips January 22 2009 More Obama Cabinet Nominees Confirmed The New York Times Retrieved January 28 2009 Geithner confirmed sworn in at Treasury Obama cites urgency of acting quickly Boston Globe The New York Times Company January 27 2008 Retrieved January 28 2009 Holder confirmed as attorney general Cable News Network February 2 2009 Retrieved February 3 2009 Kamen Al February 2 2009 The Nomination Express Stuck in First Gear The Washington Post Retrieved February 2 2009 a b c d Weisman Jonathan January 24 2009 Delays in Cabinet Nominations Demonstrate GOP Resolve The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones amp Company Inc Retrieved January 28 2009 Senate confirms Holder as first black AG Zeleny Jeff February 2 2009 Obama Set to Add Republican to Cabinet The New York Times Retrieved February 3 2009 Daschle withdraws as nominee for HHS secretary a b Kady Martin II Jonathan Martin February 12 2009 W H blindsided by Gregg withdrawal The Politico Capitol News Company LLC Retrieved February 12 2009 Gregg withdraws nomination to become commerce secy Phillips Kate February 24 2009 Senate Confirms Solis as Labor Secretary The New York Times Retrieved February 24 2009 Fletcher Michael A February 24 2009 Solis Confirmed as Labor Secretary The Washington Post Retrieved February 24 2009 Baker Peter February 23 2009 Official Says Ex Governor Is New Commerce Choice The New York Times Retrieved February 24 2009 Bandyk Matthew February 24 2009 What You Should Know About Gary Locke Obama s Potential Commerce Secretary U S News amp World Report U S News amp World Report LP Archived from the original on February 27 2009 Retrieved February 24 2009 Cillizza Chris February 24 2009 Locke Called Commerce Pick Former Washington Governor Was a Clinton Supporter The Washington Post Retrieved February 24 2009 Former Gov Gary Locke nominated for Commerce secretary a b Wheaton Sarah March 24 2009 Locke Confirmed as Commerce Secretary The New York Times Retrieved March 30 2009 CQ Transcript President Obama Announces Nomination of Gov Kathleen Sebelius to Head HHS dead link a b Former Dallas Mayor Ron Kirk confirmed as US trade representative Mitchell Andrea January 6 2009 Richardson withdrawal leaves cabinet gap New Mexico governor insists he will be cleared in a grand jury probe NBC News Retrieved February 3 2009 Bandyk Matt February 3 2009 Judd Gregg To Be Commerce Secretary Stick Out Like Sore Thumb In Obama Cabinet U S News amp World Report U S News amp World Report LP Archived from the original on February 7 2009 Retrieved February 3 2009 Bandyk Matt February 3 2009 Judd Gregg The Anti Commerce Secretary U S News amp World Report U S News amp World Report LP Archived from the original on February 8 2009 Retrieved February 3 2009 Connolly Ceci Paul Kane and Joe Stephens January 31 2009 Daschle Owed Back Taxes That Exceeded 128 000 The Washington Post Retrieved February 2 2009 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Editorial The Travails of Tom Daschle The New York Times February 3 2009 Retrieved February 3 2009 Henry Ed and Kristi Keck February 3 2009 Daschle withdraws as HHS nominee The 44th President First 100 Days Cable News Network Retrieved February 3 2009 Obama s promise of ethics reform faces early test International Herald Tribune February 3 2009 Flaherty Anne January 22 2009 Senate confirms Clinton as secretary of state The Washington Post Retrieved February 2 2009 dead link Geithner Gets Senate Committee Approval For Treasury CNBC CNBC Inc January 29 2009 Archived from the original on November 15 2016 Retrieved February 2 2009 Cho David January 27 2009 Taking Office at Treasury Geithner Vows Swift Action The Washington Post Retrieved February 2 2009 Senate set to confirm Holder as AG on Monday The Washington Post January 29 2009 Retrieved February 2 2009 dead link Margasak Larry February 2 2009 Holder debate turns partisan The Washington Post Retrieved February 2 2009 dead link Tax problems delay vote on Hilda Solis UPI Online February 5 2009 a b Rhee Foon February 11 2009 Solis nomination clears committee The Boston Globe The New York Times Company Retrieved February 12 2009 a b Fletcher Michael A February 11 2009 Solis Nomination Sent to Full Senate The Washington Post Retrieved February 12 2009 Allen JoAnne February 11 2009 Obama s labor nominee advances despite tax problem Reuters Thomson Reuters Retrieved February 12 2009 political ticker Zeleny Jeff February 12 2009 Gregg Withdraws as Commerce Secretary Nominee The New York Times Retrieved February 12 2009 Murray Mark Ken Strickland February 12 2009 Judd Gregg withdraws nomination MSNBC Archived from the original on February 14 2009 Retrieved February 12 2009 Gregg Withdrawal Complicates Plans for 2010 Census The New York Times February 13 2009 Retrieved February 13 2009 dead link Political Fight Brewing Over Gregg Census WMUR TV Internet Broadcasting Systems Inc The Associated Press February 13 2009 Archived from the original on February 29 2012 Retrieved February 13 2009 Trade nominee Ron Kirk agrees to pay back taxes Archived March 6 2009 at the Wayback Machine Another Obama Nominee Has Tax Issues CBS News March 31 2009 Obama halts all regulations pending review Associated Press January 20 2009 Retrieved February 1 2009 Obama s first day Pay freeze lobbying rules NBC News January 21 2009 Retrieved February 1 2009 Kravitz Derek January 22 2009 Adding Up the White House Pay Freeze The Washington Post Retrieved February 1 2009 Memmott Mark January 21 2009 Obama freezing pay of top staff signs ethics rules USA Today Retrieved February 1 2009 Loven Jennifer January 21 2009 Obama freezes salaries of some White House aides Yahoo News Yahoo Inc The Associated Press Archived from the original on February 5 2009 Retrieved February 1 2009 Obama breaks his own rule CNN January 23 2009 Retrieved January 23 2009 Obama Nominee Runs Into New Lobby Rules Washington Post January 23 2009 Promises Promises No lobbyists at WH except Associated Press February 2 2009 Archived from the original on February 5 2009 Retrieved February 3 2009 Mazzetti Mark Glaberson William January 21 2009 Obama Issues Directive to Shut Down Guantanamo NY Times Retrieved May 2 2010 Closure Of Guantanamo Detention Facilities Whitehouse gov January 22 2009 Archived from the original on January 30 2009 Retrieved January 27 2009 Obama signs order to close Guantanamo in a year USA Today January 22 2009 Retrieved January 22 2009 dead link Obama Reverses Key Bush Security Policies The New York Times January 22 2009 U S Incendiary Weapons Policy Rebuffed Arms Control Association www armscontrol org Retrieved April 26 2022 CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS WITH PROTOCOLS I II AND III Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel Whitehouse gov White House Archived from the original on June 23 2013 Retrieved January 22 2009 From Peril to Progress whitehouse gov January 26 2009 Retrieved January 26 2009 via National Archives Obama ends funding ban for abortion groups abroad Reuters January 23 2009 Retrieved January 23 2009 Obama reverses Bush abortion funds policy January 23 2009 President Barack Obama s Weekly Video Address Whitehouse gov White House January 24 2009 Archived from the original on January 22 2009 Retrieved January 26 2009 Official White House YouTube Channel YouTube LLC January 24 2009 Retrieved January 26 2009 Baker Peter January 24 2009 In Effort to Build Support Obama Details Stimulus Plan The New York Times Retrieved January 26 2009 Bleeker Andrew November 15 2008 Your Weekly Address from the President elect Change gov The Office of the President elect Archived from the original on January 26 2009 Retrieved January 26 2009 a b Vargas Jose Antonio November 14 2008 The YouTube Presidency The Washington Post Retrieved January 26 2009 a b Rutenberg Jim Adam Nagourney January 25 2009 Melding Obama s Web to a YouTube Presidency The New York Times Retrieved January 26 2009 A Wonderful Day Whitehouse gov White House January 29 2009 Archived from the original on January 30 2009 Retrieved January 29 2009 Hodge Amanda February 19 2009 Obama launches Afghanistan surge The Australian Archived from the original on February 19 2009 Retrieved February 27 2009 If you receive a 403 forbidden error using the previous link try this one instead Gates More Troops For Afghanistan The New York Post January 27 2009 Obama outlines Iraq pullout plan BBC News February 27 2009 Retrieved January 4 2010 Obama I am a New Democrat Obama promotes nuclear free world April 5 2009 Barabak Mark Z Janet Hook January 30 2009 Republicans lack a party line on economy Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 4 2009 A 40 Year Wish List You won t believe what s in that stimulus bill The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones amp Company Inc January 28 2009 Retrieved February 4 2009 Quaid Libby January 29 2009 Education chief Schools crucial to recovery New York Post NYP Holdings Inc Retrieved February 4 2009 permanent dead link Solomon Deborah Mark Maremont February 14 2009 Bankers Face Strict New Pay Cap Stimulus Bill Puts Retroactive Curb on Bailout Recipients Wall Street Fumes The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones amp Company p A1 Flaherty Anne February 28 2009 Consensus emerges in Congress for Obama Iraq plan Associated Press The Associated Press Maria Shriver Obama Special Olympics joke hurts Story The StarPhoenix Retrieved August 10 2010 dead link Statement by Senator Arlen Specter Specter 2010 Election website Citizens for Arlen Specter April 28 2009 Archived from the original on May 1 2009 Retrieved April 28 2009 Cholke Sam DuSble Forum reflects on Obama s 100 days Hyde Park Herald p 12 External links EditFirst 100 days at CNN com First 100 days at Fox News First 100 days at CBS News First 100 days at The Huffington Post First 100 days Archive copy from the Wayback Machine at Sky News UK First 100 days at BBC News Best and Worst of Obama s First 100 Days at The Nation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title First 100 days of Barack Obama 27s presidency amp oldid 1137407835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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