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Emory National Primate Research Center

April 12, 2024

The Emory National Primate Research Center (formerly known as Yerkes National Primate Research Center)[1] located in Atlanta, Georgia, owned by Emory University,[2] is a center of biomedical and behavioral research, is dedicated to improving human and animal health, and is the oldest of seven National Primate Research Centers partially funded by the National Institutes of Health. It is known for its nationally and internationally recognized biomedical and behavioral studies with nonhuman primates by Emory University.

Its 25-acre (10 ha) Main Station contains most of the center's biomedical research laboratories. The center also includes the Living Links Center and the 117-acre (47 ha) Field Station near Lawrenceville, Georgia.

History edit

The center was established in 1930 by Robert Yerkes, in Orange Park, Florida, associated then with Yale University. Yerkes was a pioneering primatologist who specialized in comparative psychology.

In 1965, it relocated to its location on the campus of Emory University.[3]

In April 2022, Emory University removed Yerkes’ name from the center, after a review by Emory's Committee on Naming Honors recommended that the name be changed due to Yerkes' past support for eugenics.[4] The Yerkes National Primate Research Center is now known as the Emory National Primate Research Center, effective June 1, 2022.[5][6]

Satellite locations edit

The Field Station is a part of the Emory National Primate Research Center, houses 3,400 animals, specializes in behavioral studies of primate social groups, and is located 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Atlanta[7] on 117 acres (47 ha) of wooded land.

The Living Links Center is a part of the Emory National Primate Research Center and is run by primatologist Frans De Waal.[8] Located at the center's Main Station on the Emory campus, work is also carried out at the Field Station.

Research edit

Multidisciplinary medical research at the research center is primarily aimed at development of medical treatments and vaccines. Research programs include cognitive development and decline, childhood visual defects, organ transplantation, the behavioral effects of hormone replacement therapy and social behaviors of primates.[9] Researchers are also leading programs to better understand the aging process, pioneer organ transplant procedures and provide safer drugs to organ transplant recipients, determine the behavioral effects of hormone replacement therapy, prevent early onset vision disorders and shed light on human behavioral evolution.[9][10] Researchers have had success creating transgenic rhesus macaque monkeys with Huntington's disease and hope to breed a second generation of macaques with the genetic disorder.[11]

Controversy and incidents edit

The center has long been the target of protest for its treatment of animals. This was especially true after the release of Frederick Wiseman's 1974 film Primate,[12][13] which was shot at the research center and depicted primates undergoing surgical procedures, as well as a transcardial perfusion and brain extraction.

The center's proposal to do AIDS-related research on endangered sooty mangabey monkeys drew opposition from numerous primatologists, including Jane Goodall.[14]

Emory National Primate Research Center research assistant Elizabeth Griffin[15][16] became the first work-related death in the center's history on December 10, 1997, due to herpes B virus.[17] Griffin apparently became infected after a fluid exposure to the eye which occurred while helping to move a caged rhesus macaque at the Field Station. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ultimately fined the center $105,300 in 1998 after a 19-week investigation.[18] The event led to reforms in safety protocols for handling research primates.

On June 15, 2011, at the Field Station, personnel determined that Ep13, a non-infected female rhesus macaque, was missing.[19][20] On August 16, 2011, the search for Ep13 ended.

In December 2014, a macaque was found dead in an enclosure adjacent to the one in which she was supposed to be housed. Staff at the facility failed to notice that the macaque was not in the correct enclosure.[21]

In January 2015, a macaque was euthanized after being in distress for at least two weeks. A necropsy revealed that the macaque was in distress because staff had applied a rubber band to the animal during application of an identification tattoo, but had failed to remove the rubber band.[22]

In December 2015, a male macaque was euthanized after being sick from surgery a week prior. A necropsy revealed that the macaque was sick as a result of a piece of gauze being left in his abdomen during surgery, which caused adhesions and intestinal obstruction.[23]

In July 2017, a primate was mistakenly euthanized after a technician mistakenly entered the wrong code into the euthanization schedule.[24]

In August 2017, a primate had to be given surgery after a gauze sponge was left in its abdomen from a different surgery a week prior.[24]

In August 2021, a female macaque died after her leg got caught in a gap in the wall of her housing facility. An investigation determined that the housing facility was not constructed properly.[25]

In October 2021, the USDA reported that the center had not properly cleaned food waste from several macaque housing enclosures. It was reported that food waste had not been cleaned up for three to four weeks. In some cases, the accumulation of food waste prevented drainage of rainwater, attracted flies, and started to accumulate mold.[25]

Directors edit

Name From To
Robert Yerkes
(Founder of Yerkes Center; PhD Harvard;
known for work in comparative psychology) 		1930 1941
Karl Lashley
(PhD Johns Hopkins University in genetics;
psychologist and behaviorist;
remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory) 		1941 1955
Henry Wieghorst Nissen[26][27]
(Professor of Psychobiology at Yale & Emory;
leading authority on the biology and psychology of primates) 		1955 1958
Arthur J. Riopelle[28]
(doctorate in experimental psychology, primatologist) 		1959 1962
Geoffrey H. Bourne
(University of Oxford DSc and PhD;
histochemistry and cell biology, primatology) 		1962 1978
Frederick (Fred) A. King[29][30]
(main focus was the interaction between cognitive and limbic functions) 		1978 1994
Thomas R. Insel[31]
(now director of National Institute of Mental Health) 		1994 1999
Thomas P Gordon[32]
(became Head, Neuroscience Center) 		1999 2002
Stuart Zola[33][34]
(one of the nation's leading neuroscientists) 		2002 2014
R. Paul Johnson, M.D.[35]
(former chairman of Division of Immunology and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School;
Board Certified in Internal Medicine with a Certification in Infectious Diseases;
research interests include identification of immune responses) 		2014 present

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Emory naming honors" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  2. ^ . yerkes.emory.edu. Emory University. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  3. ^ "Yerkes -- Home". www.yerkes.emory.edu. from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2005-03-09.
  4. ^ "Naming Decisions". from the original on 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  5. ^ Diamond, Laura (April 21, 2022). "Emory to rename campus spaces and professorships honoring Robert Yerkes and L.Q.C. Lamar". Emory University (Press release). Atlanta GA. from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  6. ^ Moody, Josh (April 25, 2022). "Emory Drops Names of Eugenicist and Slavery Defender". Inside Higher Ed. from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  7. ^ Google. "2409 Collins Hill Rd, Lawrenceville, GA" (Map). Google Maps. Google.
  8. ^ "Living Links | Home". www.emory.edu. from the original on 2022-05-17. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  9. ^ a b "Research". yerkes.emory.edu. Emory University. from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  10. ^ "Human Nature and Evolution". yerkes.emory.edu. Emory University. from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  11. ^ Palmer, Jason (27 May 2009). "Glowing monkeys 'to aid research". BBC News. from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  12. ^ Primate (1974) at IMDb  
  13. ^ "Zipporah Films Primate". zipporah.com. from the original on 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
  14. ^ "Goodall opposes AIDS research on monkeys: Primate expert urges government to reject use of endangered animals". Associated Press. 22 June 2006. from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  15. ^ "Welcome ergriffinresearch.org - BlueHost.com". www.ergriffinresearch.org. from the original on 2012-11-01. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
  16. ^ Bragg, Rick (14 December 1997). "A Drop of Virus From a Monkey Kills a Researcher in 6 Weeks". The New York Times. from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  17. ^ "Yerkes 'family' pulled together after death of young researcher from rare Herpes B infection". www.emory.edu. from the original on 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
  18. ^ "Emory Report". from the original on 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2011-12-22. 1998/May/ermay.4/5_4_98Yerkes.html
  19. ^ "Yerkes -- Yerkes Statements Regarding the Missing Monkey". www.yerkes.emory.edu. from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
  20. ^ http://www.ajc[permanent dead link]. com/news/calls-come-in-about-985776.html
  21. ^ Williams, Michelle (22 September 2015). "USDA Inspection Report 267151340550842". USDA. from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  22. ^ Williams, Michelle (22 September 2015). "USDA Inspection Report 271152147510798". USDA. from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  23. ^ Williams, Michelle (10 May 2016). "USDA Inspection Report 2016082567939755". USDA. from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  24. ^ a b Navarro, Luis (6 September 2017). "USDA Inspection Report 2016082568772619". USDA. from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  25. ^ a b Mayard, Stephanie (20 September 2021). "USDA Inspection Report 2016090000731031". USDA. from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  26. ^ "Portraits of Pioneer in Psychology Volume III" by Donald A. Dewsbury
  27. ^ "HENRY WIEGHORST NISSEN" (PDF). nasonline.org. National Academy of Sciences. (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  28. ^ Mason, W. A. (2013). "Arthur J. Riopelle (1920-2012)". The American Psychologist. 68 (5): 399. doi:10.1037/a0033064. PMID 23895611.
  29. ^ "A Plea For the Chimps". The New York Times. 1987-06-21. from the original on 2023-03-01. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  30. ^ "Frederick King, PhD" (PDF). whsc.emory.edu. Emory University. (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  31. ^ "Thomas R. Insel reflects on his first year as director of the primate research center". Emory Magazine. 1995. from the original on 2007-12-28. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  32. ^ "Insel leaves his post to head neuroscience center". www.emory.edu. from the original on 2016-10-15. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  33. ^ "Stuart Zola Brings Passion and Candor to his Role as Director of the Emory National Primate Research Center". Emory Magazine. 1995. from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  34. ^ "Stuart Zola, PhD". yerkes.emory.edu. Emory University. from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  35. ^ "R. Paul Johnson, MD, Director". yerkes.emory.edu. Emory University. from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.

External links edit

  • Emory.edu - Yerkes National Primate Research Center (official homepage)
  • All-Creatures.org - 'World Laboratory Animal Liberation Week (around April 24)...a national week of protests, media events, etc. at laboratories to stop testing and research on animals'
  • IDAusa.org (pdf) 2005-02-20 at the Wayback Machine - 'Experiments Conducted on Macaque Monkeys: Psychological Torment, Behavioral Research, Effects of Nonmaternal restraint on vocalizations of infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca Mulata)', T. Jovanovich, H. Gouzoues, In Defence of Animals Report: Yerkes Institute
  • PrimateFreedom.com - 'Life in a Laboratory', Primate Freedom Project
  • EmoryLies.com - 'Supporting Excellence in Research', Primate Freedom Project
 
Scholia has a profile for Emory National Primate Research Center (Q2600140).

April 12, 2024
emory, national, primate, research, center, formerly, known, yerkes, national, primate, research, center, located, atlanta, georgia, owned, emory, university, center, biomedical, behavioral, research, dedicated, improving, human, animal, health, oldest, seven,. The Emory National Primate Research Center formerly known as Yerkes National Primate Research Center 1 located in Atlanta Georgia owned by Emory University 2 is a center of biomedical and behavioral research is dedicated to improving human and animal health and is the oldest of seven National Primate Research Centers partially funded by the National Institutes of Health It is known for its nationally and internationally recognized biomedical and behavioral studies with nonhuman primates by Emory University Its 25 acre 10 ha Main Station contains most of the center s biomedical research laboratories The center also includes the Living Links Center and the 117 acre 47 ha Field Station near Lawrenceville Georgia Contents 1 History 2 Satellite locations 3 Research 4 Controversy and incidents 5 Directors 6 See also 7 Notes 8 External linksHistory editThe center was established in 1930 by Robert Yerkes in Orange Park Florida associated then with Yale University Yerkes was a pioneering primatologist who specialized in comparative psychology In 1965 it relocated to its location on the campus of Emory University 3 In April 2022 Emory University removed Yerkes name from the center after a review by Emory s Committee on Naming Honors recommended that the name be changed due to Yerkes past support for eugenics 4 The Yerkes National Primate Research Center is now known as the Emory National Primate Research Center effective June 1 2022 5 6 Satellite locations editThe Field Station is a part of the Emory National Primate Research Center houses 3 400 animals specializes in behavioral studies of primate social groups and is located 30 miles 48 km northeast of Atlanta 7 on 117 acres 47 ha of wooded land The Living Links Center is a part of the Emory National Primate Research Center and is run by primatologist Frans De Waal 8 Located at the center s Main Station on the Emory campus work is also carried out at the Field Station Research editMultidisciplinary medical research at the research center is primarily aimed at development of medical treatments and vaccines Research programs include cognitive development and decline childhood visual defects organ transplantation the behavioral effects of hormone replacement therapy and social behaviors of primates 9 Researchers are also leading programs to better understand the aging process pioneer organ transplant procedures and provide safer drugs to organ transplant recipients determine the behavioral effects of hormone replacement therapy prevent early onset vision disorders and shed light on human behavioral evolution 9 10 Researchers have had success creating transgenic rhesus macaque monkeys with Huntington s disease and hope to breed a second generation of macaques with the genetic disorder 11 Controversy and incidents editThe center has long been the target of protest for its treatment of animals This was especially true after the release of Frederick Wiseman s 1974 film Primate 12 13 which was shot at the research center and depicted primates undergoing surgical procedures as well as a transcardial perfusion and brain extraction The center s proposal to do AIDS related research on endangered sooty mangabey monkeys drew opposition from numerous primatologists including Jane Goodall 14 Emory National Primate Research Center research assistant Elizabeth Griffin 15 16 became the first work related death in the center s history on December 10 1997 due to herpes B virus 17 Griffin apparently became infected after a fluid exposure to the eye which occurred while helping to move a caged rhesus macaque at the Field Station The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ultimately fined the center 105 300 in 1998 after a 19 week investigation 18 The event led to reforms in safety protocols for handling research primates On June 15 2011 at the Field Station personnel determined that Ep13 a non infected female rhesus macaque was missing 19 20 On August 16 2011 the search for Ep13 ended In December 2014 a macaque was found dead in an enclosure adjacent to the one in which she was supposed to be housed Staff at the facility failed to notice that the macaque was not in the correct enclosure 21 In January 2015 a macaque was euthanized after being in distress for at least two weeks A necropsy revealed that the macaque was in distress because staff had applied a rubber band to the animal during application of an identification tattoo but had failed to remove the rubber band 22 In December 2015 a male macaque was euthanized after being sick from surgery a week prior A necropsy revealed that the macaque was sick as a result of a piece of gauze being left in his abdomen during surgery which caused adhesions and intestinal obstruction 23 In July 2017 a primate was mistakenly euthanized after a technician mistakenly entered the wrong code into the euthanization schedule 24 In August 2017 a primate had to be given surgery after a gauze sponge was left in its abdomen from a different surgery a week prior 24 In August 2021 a female macaque died after her leg got caught in a gap in the wall of her housing facility An investigation determined that the housing facility was not constructed properly 25 In October 2021 the USDA reported that the center had not properly cleaned food waste from several macaque housing enclosures It was reported that food waste had not been cleaned up for three to four weeks In some cases the accumulation of food waste prevented drainage of rainwater attracted flies and started to accumulate mold 25 Directors editName From ToRobert Yerkes Founder of Yerkes Center PhD Harvard known for work in comparative psychology 1930 1941Karl Lashley PhD Johns Hopkins University in genetics psychologist and behaviorist remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory 1941 1955Henry Wieghorst Nissen 26 27 Professor of Psychobiology at Yale amp Emory leading authority on the biology and psychology of primates 1955 1958Arthur J Riopelle 28 doctorate in experimental psychology primatologist 1959 1962Geoffrey H Bourne University of Oxford DSc and PhD histochemistry and cell biology primatology 1962 1978Frederick Fred A King 29 30 main focus was the interaction between cognitive and limbic functions 1978 1994Thomas R Insel 31 now director of National Institute of Mental Health 1994 1999Thomas P Gordon 32 became Head Neuroscience Center 1999 2002Stuart Zola 33 34 one of the nation s leading neuroscientists 2002 2014R Paul Johnson M D 35 former chairman of Division of Immunology and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School Board Certified in Internal Medicine with a Certification in Infectious Diseases research interests include identification of immune responses 2014 presentSee also editCalifornia National Primate Research Center Oregon National Primate Research Center The Mind of an Ape Herpes B Virus Yerkish Ozzie gorilla Notes edit Emory naming honors PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2022 04 21 Retrieved 2022 04 21 History Emory National Primate Research Center yerkes emory edu Emory University Archived from the original on 11 July 2018 Retrieved 25 April 2019 Yerkes Home www yerkes emory edu Archived from the original on 2021 05 07 Retrieved 2005 03 09 Naming Decisions Archived from the original on 2022 04 21 Retrieved 2022 05 07 Diamond Laura April 21 2022 Emory to rename campus spaces and professorships honoring Robert Yerkes and L Q C Lamar Emory University Press release Atlanta GA Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 7 May 2022 Moody Josh April 25 2022 Emory Drops Names of Eugenicist and Slavery Defender Inside Higher Ed Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 7 May 2022 Google 2409 Collins Hill Rd Lawrenceville GA Map Google Maps Google Living Links Home www emory edu Archived from the original on 2022 05 17 Retrieved 2022 05 07 a b Research yerkes emory edu Emory University Archived from the original on 25 April 2019 Retrieved 25 April 2019 Human Nature and Evolution yerkes emory edu Emory University Archived from the original on 25 April 2019 Retrieved 25 April 2019 Palmer Jason 27 May 2009 Glowing monkeys to aid research BBC News Archived from the original on 28 November 2010 Retrieved 2 April 2011 Primate 1974 at IMDb nbsp Zipporah Films Primate zipporah com Archived from the original on 2011 01 01 Retrieved 2010 12 29 Goodall opposes AIDS research on monkeys Primate expert urges government to reject use of endangered animals Associated Press 22 June 2006 Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 18 November 2019 Welcome ergriffinresearch org BlueHost com www ergriffinresearch org Archived from the original on 2012 11 01 Retrieved 2012 10 09 Bragg Rick 14 December 1997 A Drop of Virus From a Monkey Kills a Researcher in 6 Weeks The New York Times Archived from the original on 30 March 2019 Retrieved 26 February 2017 Yerkes family pulled together after death of young researcher from rare Herpes B infection www emory edu Archived from the original on 2010 05 29 Retrieved 2011 12 22 Emory Report Archived from the original on 2010 07 16 Retrieved 2011 12 22 1998 May ermay 4 5 4 98Yerkes html Yerkes Yerkes Statements Regarding the Missing Monkey www yerkes emory edu Archived from the original on 2012 01 06 Retrieved 2011 12 22 http www ajc permanent dead link com news calls come in about 985776 html Williams Michelle 22 September 2015 USDA Inspection Report 267151340550842 USDA Archived from the original on 1 March 2023 Retrieved 20 March 2022 Williams Michelle 22 September 2015 USDA Inspection Report 271152147510798 USDA Archived from the original on 20 March 2022 Retrieved 20 March 2022 Williams Michelle 10 May 2016 USDA Inspection Report 2016082567939755 USDA Archived from the original on 20 March 2022 Retrieved 20 March 2022 a b Navarro Luis 6 September 2017 USDA Inspection Report 2016082568772619 USDA Archived from the original on 20 March 2022 Retrieved 20 March 2022 a b Mayard Stephanie 20 September 2021 USDA Inspection Report 2016090000731031 USDA Archived from the original on 20 March 2022 Retrieved 20 March 2022 Portraits of Pioneer in Psychology Volume III by Donald A Dewsbury HENRY WIEGHORST NISSEN PDF nasonline org National Academy of Sciences Archived PDF from the original on 21 September 2021 Retrieved 26 April 2019 Mason W A 2013 Arthur J Riopelle 1920 2012 The American Psychologist 68 5 399 doi 10 1037 a0033064 PMID 23895611 A Plea For the Chimps The New York Times 1987 06 21 Archived from the original on 2023 03 01 Retrieved 2008 02 29 Frederick King PhD PDF whsc emory edu Emory University Archived PDF from the original on 31 January 2017 Retrieved 26 April 2019 Thomas R Insel reflects on his first year as director of the primate research center Emory Magazine 1995 Archived from the original on 2007 12 28 Retrieved 2008 02 29 Insel leaves his post to head neuroscience center www emory edu Archived from the original on 2016 10 15 Retrieved 2021 12 25 Stuart Zola Brings Passion and Candor to his Role as Director of the Emory National Primate Research Center Emory Magazine 1995 Archived from the original on 2008 09 05 Retrieved 2008 02 29 Stuart Zola PhD yerkes emory edu Emory University Archived from the original on 5 December 2019 Retrieved 26 April 2019 R Paul Johnson MD Director yerkes emory edu Emory University Archived from the original on 25 April 2019 Retrieved 26 April 2019 External links editEmory edu Yerkes National Primate Research Center official homepage Emory edu Archived 2005 12 06 at the Wayback Machine The Capuchin Library All Creatures org World Laboratory Animal Liberation Week around April 24 a national week of protests media events etc at laboratories to stop testing and research on animals IDAusa org pdf Archived 2005 02 20 at the Wayback Machine Experiments Conducted on Macaque Monkeys Psychological Torment Behavioral Research Effects of Nonmaternal restraint on vocalizations of infant rhesus monkeys Macaca Mulata T Jovanovich H Gouzoues In Defence of Animals Report Yerkes Institute PrimateFreedom com Life in a Laboratory Primate Freedom ProjectEmoryLies com Supporting Excellence in Research Primate Freedom Project nbsp Scholia has a profile for Emory National Primate Research Center Q2600140 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Emory National Primate Research Center amp oldid 1208888832, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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