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Frans de Waal

January 01, 1970

In this Dutch name, the surname is de Waal, not Waal.

Franciscus Bernardus Maria de Waal (29 October 1948 – 14 March 2024) was a Dutch-American primatologist and ethologist. He was the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior in the Department of Psychology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory,[1] and author of numerous books including Chimpanzee Politics (1982) and Our Inner Ape (2005). His research centered on primate social behavior, including conflict resolution, cooperation, inequity aversion, and food-sharing. He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Frans de Waal
De Waal in 2006
Born
Franciscus Bernardus Maria de Waal

(1948-10-29)29 October 1948
's-Hertogenbosch, North Brabant, Netherlands
Died14 March 2024(2024-03-14) (aged 75)
Stone Mountain, Georgia, U.S.
Scientific career
FieldsPrimatology, ethology
InstitutionsEmory University
Doctoral advisorJan van Hooff
Doctoral studentsJessica Flack

Early life and education edit

De Waal was born in 's-Hertogenbosch on 29 October 1948,[2] to Jo and Cis de Waal. He grew up with five brothers in Waalwijk.[3]

He studied at Radboud University Nijmegen, University of Groningen, and Utrecht University in the Netherlands. In 1977, De Waal received his doctorate in biology from Utrecht University after training as a zoologist and ethologist with professor Jan van Hooff, a well-known expert of emotional facial expression in primates. His dissertation, titled "Agonistic interactions and relations among Java-monkeys", concerned aggressive behavior and alliance formation in macaques.[2][4] Fellow Dutch ethologist Niko Tinbergen was an inspiration to de Waal.[5]

Career edit

In 1975, De Waal began a six-year project on the world's largest captive colony of chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo. The study resulted in many scientific papers, and resulted in the publication of his first book, Chimpanzee Politics, in 1982. This book offered the first description of primate behavior explicitly in terms of planned social strategies. De Waal was the first to introduce the thinking of Machiavelli to primatology, leading to the label "Machiavellian intelligence" that later became associated with it.[6] In the mid 1990’s the book was put on a reading list for Republican House freshmen.[3] In his writings, De Waal never shied away from attributing emotions and intentions to his primates, and as such his work inspired the field of primate cognition.[7]

De Waal's early work drew attention to deception and conflict resolution among primates, both of which became major areas of research. At first, his research was highly controversial and the label "reconciliation", which De Waal introduced for reunions after fights, was initially questioned, but came to be fully accepted with respect to animal behavior. De Waal's later work emphasized non-human animal empathy and the origins of morality. His most widely cited paper, written with his former student Stephanie Preston, concerns the evolutionary origin and neuroscience of empathy, not just in primates, but in mammals in general.[8]

In the 1990s, there was resistance from editors against De Waal's desire to publish his work on bonobos, which included potentially controversial work about bonobo sex. However, he published an article in Scientific American in 1995 and the book Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape in 1997.[9] De Waal made bonobos popular and gave them a "make love – not war" reputation.[10]

De Waal's larger goal was understanding what binds primate societies together rather than how competition structures them. However, competition is not ignored in his work: the original focus of de Waal's research was aggressive behavior and social dominance. Whereas his research focused on the behavior of nonhuman primates (mostly chimpanzees, bonobos, macaques, and capuchin monkeys), his popular books gave de Waal worldwide visibility by relating the insights he has gained from monkey and ape behavior to human society. With his students, he also worked on elephants, which were increasingly featured in his writings.[11]

De Waal's research into the innate capacity for empathy among primates led him to the conclusion that non-human great apes and humans are simply different types of apes, and that empathic and cooperative tendencies are continuous between these species. His belief is illustrated in the following quote from The Age of Empathy: "We start out postulating sharp boundaries, such as between humans and apes, or between apes and monkeys, but are in fact dealing with sand castles that lose much of their structure when the sea of knowledge washes over them. They turn into hills, leveled ever more, until we are back to where evolutionary theory always leads us: a gently sloping beach."[12]

This is quite opposite to the view of some economists and anthropologists, who postulate the differences between humans and other animals. However, recent work on prosocial tendencies in apes and monkeys supports de Waal's position. See, for example, the research of Felix Warneken,[13] a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. In 2011, de Waal and his co-workers were the first to report that chimpanzees given a free choice between helping only themselves or helping themselves plus a partner, prefer the latter. In fact, de Waal does not believe these tendencies to be restricted to humans and apes, but views empathy and sympathy as universal mammalian characteristics, a view that over the past decade has gained support from studies on rodents and other mammals, such as dogs. He and his students have extensively worked on such cooperation and fairness in animals. In 2011 de Waal gave a TED Talk entitled "Moral behavior in animals".[14] Part of the talk dealt with inequity aversion among capuchin monkeys, and a video extract of this went viral. It showed the furious reaction of one monkey given a less desirable treat than another.[15] The most recent work in this area was the first demonstration that given a chance to play the ultimatum game, chimpanzees respond in the same way as children and human adults by preferring the equitable outcome.[16]

In 1981, de Waal moved to the United States for a position at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, and in 1991 took a position at Emory University, in Atlanta, Georgia. He was C.H. Candler Professor in the Psychology Department at Emory University and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory.[7] He became an American citizen in 2008.

In 2005 he coined the term Veneer theory.[17] His 2013 book The Bonobo and the Atheist examines human behavior through the eyes of a primatologist, and explores to what extent God and religion are needed for human morality. The main conclusion is that morality comes from within, and is part of human nature. The role of religion is secondary.[18]

De Waal also wrote a column for Psychologie Magazine, a popular Dutch monthly.[19]

From 1 September 2013, de Waal was a distinguished professor (universiteitshoogleraar) at Utrecht University. This was a part-time appointment whilst he remained in his position at Emory University, in Atlanta.[2][20]

In October 2016, de Waal was the guest on the BBC Radio Four program The Life Scientific.[21]

In June 2018, de Waal was awarded the NAT Award, established by the Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona. It was awarded to de Waal "for his vision regarding the evolution of animal behaviour in establishing a parallel between primate and human behaviour in aspects such as politics, empathy, morality and justice."[22]

Two of de Waal’s last books, “Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?” (2016) and “Mama’s Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us About Ourselves” (2019), were best sellers.[23]

De Waal died of stomach cancer on 14 March 2024 in Stone Mountain, Georgia. He was 75.[24]

Awards edit

Selected bibliography edit

Books edit

  • Different: Gender Through the Eyes of a Primatologist. New York: W. W. Norton. 2022. ISBN 978-1-324-00710-4.
  • Mama's Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves. New York: W. W. Norton. 2019. ISBN 978-0-393-63506-5.
  • Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?. New York: W. W. Norton. 2016. ISBN 978-0-393-24618-6.
  • The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism Among the Primates. New York: W. W. Norton. 2013. ISBN 978-0-393-07377-5.
  • The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Crown Publishing Group. 2009. ISBN 9780307407771.
  • Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved, 2006. ISBN 0-691-12447-7
  • Our Inner Ape. New York: Riverhead Books, 2005. ISBN 1-57322-312-3[44]
  • Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies, Edited with Peter L. Tyack. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-674-00929-0.
  • My Family Album, Thirty Years of Primate Photography 2003.
  • Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution, Harvard University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-674-00460-4.
  • The Ape and the Sushi Master, Cultural reflections by a primatologist. New York: Basic Books, 2001. ISBN 0-465-04175-2
  • Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among Apes (25th Anniversary ed.). Baltimore, MD: JHU Press; 2007. ISBN 978-0-8018-8656-0.
  • Natural Conflict Resolution. 2000 (with Filippo Aureli)
  • Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. ISBN 0-520-20535-9 (with Frans Lanting)
  • Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-674-35660-8
  • Chimpanzee Cultures, Edited with Richard Wrangham, W.C. McGrew, and Paul Heltne. Foreword by Jane Goodall. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-674-11662-3.
  • Peacemaking Among Primates. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-674-65920-1

Articles edit

  • 2022 de Waal, Frans B.M. and K. Andrews. "The question of animal emotions." Science 375 (6587): 1351–1352. 25 March 2022.
  • 2015 Opinion piece about the discovery of Homo naledi in The New York Times
  • 2013 Opinion piece about animal intelligence in The Wall Street Journal
  • 2010 Opinion piece about God and morality in The New York Times
  • 2010 de Waal, Frans B.M.; Ferrari, Pier Francesco (May 2010). "Towards a bottom-up perspective on animal and human cognition". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 14 (5): 201–207. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.03.003. PMID 20363178. S2CID 16459127.
  • 2009, de Waal, Frans B. M. (July 2009). "Darwin's last laugh". Nature. 460 (7252): 175. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..175D. doi:10.1038/460175a. PMID 19587747. S2CID 207787993.
  • 2008 de Waal, Frans B.M. (January 2008). "Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy". Annual Review of Psychology. 59 (1): 279–300. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625. PMID 17550343.
  • 2007, "Bonobos, Left & Right" Skeptic, (8 August 2007).
  • 2006, Plotnik, Joshua M.; de Waal, Frans B. M.; Reiss, Diana (7 November 2006). "Self-recognition in an Asian elephant". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (45): 17053–17057. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608062103. PMC 1636577. PMID 17075063.
  • 2005, "The empathic ape", New Scientist, 8 October 2005
  • 2001, "Do Humans Alone 'Feel Your Pain'?" (Chronicle.com, 26 October 2001)
  • 1999, de Waal, Frans B. M. (December 1999). "The End of Nature versus Nurture". Scientific American. 281 (6): 94–99. Bibcode:1999SciAm.281f..94D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1299-94. JSTOR 26058526. PMID 10614071.
  • 1995, de Waal, Frans B. M. (March 1995). "Bonobo Sex and Society The behavior of a close relative challenges assumptions about male supremacy in human evolution". Scientific American. 272 (3): 82–88. S2CID 14326127.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Andrea Thompson (9 August 2007). "How did we go from ape to airplane? Scientists turn to chimpanzees to solve the mystery of our cultural roots". NBC News. from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2007.
  2. ^ a b c (in Dutch). Utrecht University. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020.
  3. ^ a b Traub, Alex (20 March 2024). "Frans de Waal, Who Found the Origins of Morality in Apes, Dies at 75". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  4. ^ Living Links Bio Page 13 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Johnson, Eric Michael. "Frans de Waal on Political Apes, Science Communication, and Building a Cooperative Society". Scientific American. from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  6. ^ Jackson, Michael; Grace, Damian (December 2012). "Machiavellian intelligence in primates and Machiavelli | M. Jackson and D. Grace". The Montréal Review. from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  7. ^ a b Clark, Carol (16 March 2024). "Emory primatologist Frans de Waal remembered for bringing apes 'a little closer to humans'". Emory University. from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  8. ^ Preston, Stephanie D.; de Waal, Frans B. M. (February 2002). "Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 25 (1): 1–20. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.120.7176. doi:10.1017/S0140525X02000018. PMID 12625087. ProQuest 212324365.
  9. ^ Nuzzo, Regina (2005). "Profile of Frans B. M. de Waal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (32): 11137–11139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10211137N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0505686102. PMC 1183609. PMID 16061791.
  10. ^ Weinstein, Deborah (December 2016). "The "Make Love, Not War" Ape: Bonobos and Late Twentieth-Century Explanations for War and Peace". Endeavour. 40 (4). ScienceDirect: 256–267. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2016.10.005. from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  11. ^ Jabr, Ferris (26 February 2014). "The Science Is In: Elephants Are Even Smarter Than We Realized [Video]". Scientific American. from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  12. ^ Gibson, Lauren (2015). "Darwin and the Human-Nonhuman Divide". Intersect. 8 (3). from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  13. ^ "Chimps beat us to that human touch". The Times. from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  14. ^ "Moral behavior in animals". TED. 10 April 2012. from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  15. ^ "Two Monkeys Were Paid Unequally: Excerpt from Frans de Waal's TED Talk "Moral behavior in animals"". TED. from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022 – via YouTube.
  16. ^ Proctor, Darby; Williamson, Rebecca A.; de Waal, Frans B. M.; Brosnan, Sarah F. (2013). "Chimpanzees play the ultimatum game". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (6): 2070–2075. doi:10.1073/pnas.1220806110. JSTOR 41992181. PMC 3568338. PMID 23319633.
  17. ^ de Waal, Frans; Robert Wright; Christine M. Korsgaard; Philip Kitcher; Peter Singer (2009). Macedo, Stephen; Ober, Josiah (eds.). Primates and philosophers: How morality evolved. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-691-14129-9.
  18. ^ "Atheism In search of the ungodly". Economist. 6 April 2013. from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  19. ^ "Frans de Waal". Psychologie Magazine. from the original on 16 August 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  20. ^ (in Dutch). nos.nl. 30 August 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019.
  21. ^ "Frans de Waal, The Life Scientific – BBC Radio 4". bbc.co.uk. from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  22. ^ "NAT Award". museuciencies.cat. from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  23. ^ Traub, Alex (20 March 2024). "Frans de Waal, Who Found the Origins of Morality in Apes, Dies at 75". The New York Times.
  24. ^ "'Wereldberoemde Nederlandse primatoloog Frans de Waal overleden'". Het Parool. 16 March 2024. from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  25. ^ "Frans de Waal's "Mama's Last Hug" Receives the 2020 PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award". EO Wilson Biodiversity Foundation. 11 March 2020. from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  26. ^ . Yale University. 20 May 2018. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020.
  27. ^ "La primera edició del Premi Nat de divulgació de les ciències naturals distingeix el gran primatòleg, Frans de Waal". Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. 12 June 2018. from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  28. ^ "Distinguished Primatologist Award". American Society of Primatologists. 24 July 2023. from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  29. ^ "In Memoriam: Professor Frans de Waal". Eugène Dubois Foundation. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  30. ^ "È morto Frans de Waal, l'etologo che ha studiato le emozioni degli scimpanzé". La Repubblica (in Italian). 17 March 2024. from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  31. ^ Westry, Tiffany (5 February 2016). "Frans de Waal named recipient of 2016 Ireland Distinguished Visiting Scholar Award". UAB News. from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  32. ^ a b c d e "Prof. dr. F.B.M. (Frans) de Waal". Utrecht University. from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  33. ^ (in Dutch). Utrecht University. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2013.
  34. ^ . Improbable.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  35. ^ Skojec, Chelsea (3 May 2016). "Conversation: Frans de Waal". Earth Island Journal. from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  36. ^ "Leeuw voor apenonderzoeker" (in Dutch). Trouw. 29 April 2010. from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  37. ^ . American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020.
  38. ^ . Time. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020.
  39. ^ . American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Arthur W. Staats Lecture for Unifying Psychology". American Psychological Foundation. 14 March 2023. from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  41. ^ . National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019.
  42. ^ . Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020.
  43. ^ Kevles, Bettyann (5 November 1989). "1989 Book Prize Winner: Science and Technology : Peace: A Biological Imperative for Primates?". Los Angeles Times.
  44. ^ Grandin, T. (9 October 2005). "Review of Our Inner Ape by Frans de Waal". The New York Times. p. 23. from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.

Further reading edit

  • Nuzzo, R. (1 August 2005). "Profile of Frans B. M. de Waal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (32): 11137–11139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10211137N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0505686102. PMC 1183609. PMID 16061791.

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Frans de Waal.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frans de Waal.
 
Scholia has a profile for Frans de Waal (Q303350).
  • The surprising science of alpha males TED talk by Frans de Waal.
  • Do animals have morals? 17 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine TED talk by Frans de Waal.
  • Interview with Frans de Waal on the BBC Radio 4 programme The Life Scientific.
  • Frans de Waal on Big Think about God and morality on YouTube.
  • Frans de Waal An extended film interview with transcripts for the 'Why Are We Here?' documentary series.

January 01, 1970
frans, waal, this, dutch, name, surname, waal, waal, franciscus, bernardus, maria, waal, october, 1948, march, 2024, dutch, american, primatologist, ethologist, charles, howard, candler, professor, primate, behavior, department, psychology, emory, university, . In this Dutch name the surname is de Waal not Waal Franciscus Bernardus Maria de Waal 29 October 1948 14 March 2024 was a Dutch American primatologist and ethologist He was the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior in the Department of Psychology at Emory University in Atlanta Georgia director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory 1 and author of numerous books including Chimpanzee Politics 1982 and Our Inner Ape 2005 His research centered on primate social behavior including conflict resolution cooperation inequity aversion and food sharing He was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Frans de WaalDe Waal in 2006BornFranciscus Bernardus Maria de Waal 1948 10 29 29 October 1948 s Hertogenbosch North Brabant NetherlandsDied14 March 2024 2024 03 14 aged 75 Stone Mountain Georgia U S Scientific careerFieldsPrimatology ethologyInstitutionsEmory UniversityDoctoral advisorJan van HooffDoctoral studentsJessica Flack Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Awards 4 Selected bibliography 4 1 Books 4 2 Articles 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksEarly life and education editDe Waal was born in s Hertogenbosch on 29 October 1948 2 to Jo and Cis de Waal He grew up with five brothers in Waalwijk 3 He studied at Radboud University Nijmegen University of Groningen and Utrecht University in the Netherlands In 1977 De Waal received his doctorate in biology from Utrecht University after training as a zoologist and ethologist with professor Jan van Hooff a well known expert of emotional facial expression in primates His dissertation titled Agonistic interactions and relations among Java monkeys concerned aggressive behavior and alliance formation in macaques 2 4 Fellow Dutch ethologist Niko Tinbergen was an inspiration to de Waal 5 Career editIn 1975 De Waal began a six year project on the world s largest captive colony of chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo The study resulted in many scientific papers and resulted in the publication of his first book Chimpanzee Politics in 1982 This book offered the first description of primate behavior explicitly in terms of planned social strategies De Waal was the first to introduce the thinking of Machiavelli to primatology leading to the label Machiavellian intelligence that later became associated with it 6 In the mid 1990 s the book was put on a reading list for Republican House freshmen 3 In his writings De Waal never shied away from attributing emotions and intentions to his primates and as such his work inspired the field of primate cognition 7 De Waal s early work drew attention to deception and conflict resolution among primates both of which became major areas of research At first his research was highly controversial and the label reconciliation which De Waal introduced for reunions after fights was initially questioned but came to be fully accepted with respect to animal behavior De Waal s later work emphasized non human animal empathy and the origins of morality His most widely cited paper written with his former student Stephanie Preston concerns the evolutionary origin and neuroscience of empathy not just in primates but in mammals in general 8 In the 1990s there was resistance from editors against De Waal s desire to publish his work on bonobos which included potentially controversial work about bonobo sex However he published an article in Scientific American in 1995 and the book Bonobo The Forgotten Ape in 1997 9 De Waal made bonobos popular and gave them a make love not war reputation 10 De Waal s larger goal was understanding what binds primate societies together rather than how competition structures them However competition is not ignored in his work the original focus of de Waal s research was aggressive behavior and social dominance Whereas his research focused on the behavior of nonhuman primates mostly chimpanzees bonobos macaques and capuchin monkeys his popular books gave de Waal worldwide visibility by relating the insights he has gained from monkey and ape behavior to human society With his students he also worked on elephants which were increasingly featured in his writings 11 De Waal s research into the innate capacity for empathy among primates led him to the conclusion that non human great apes and humans are simply different types of apes and that empathic and cooperative tendencies are continuous between these species His belief is illustrated in the following quote from The Age of Empathy We start out postulating sharp boundaries such as between humans and apes or between apes and monkeys but are in fact dealing with sand castles that lose much of their structure when the sea of knowledge washes over them They turn into hills leveled ever more until we are back to where evolutionary theory always leads us a gently sloping beach 12 This is quite opposite to the view of some economists and anthropologists who postulate the differences between humans and other animals However recent work on prosocial tendencies in apes and monkeys supports de Waal s position See for example the research of Felix Warneken 13 a psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig Germany In 2011 de Waal and his co workers were the first to report that chimpanzees given a free choice between helping only themselves or helping themselves plus a partner prefer the latter In fact de Waal does not believe these tendencies to be restricted to humans and apes but views empathy and sympathy as universal mammalian characteristics a view that over the past decade has gained support from studies on rodents and other mammals such as dogs He and his students have extensively worked on such cooperation and fairness in animals In 2011 de Waal gave a TED Talk entitled Moral behavior in animals 14 Part of the talk dealt with inequity aversion among capuchin monkeys and a video extract of this went viral It showed the furious reaction of one monkey given a less desirable treat than another 15 The most recent work in this area was the first demonstration that given a chance to play the ultimatum game chimpanzees respond in the same way as children and human adults by preferring the equitable outcome 16 In 1981 de Waal moved to the United States for a position at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and in 1991 took a position at Emory University in Atlanta Georgia He was C H Candler Professor in the Psychology Department at Emory University and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory 7 He became an American citizen in 2008 In 2005 he coined the term Veneer theory 17 His 2013 book The Bonobo and the Atheist examines human behavior through the eyes of a primatologist and explores to what extent God and religion are needed for human morality The main conclusion is that morality comes from within and is part of human nature The role of religion is secondary 18 De Waal also wrote a column for Psychologie Magazine a popular Dutch monthly 19 From 1 September 2013 de Waal was a distinguished professor universiteitshoogleraar at Utrecht University This was a part time appointment whilst he remained in his position at Emory University in Atlanta 2 20 In October 2016 de Waal was the guest on the BBC Radio Four program The Life Scientific 21 In June 2018 de Waal was awarded the NAT Award established by the Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona It was awarded to de Waal for his vision regarding the evolution of animal behaviour in establishing a parallel between primate and human behaviour in aspects such as politics empathy morality and justice 22 Two of de Waal s last books Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are 2016 and Mama s Last Hug Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us About Ourselves 2019 were best sellers 23 De Waal died of stomach cancer on 14 March 2024 in Stone Mountain Georgia He was 75 24 Awards edit2021 Doctor Honoris Causa Universite Jean Monnet Saint Etienne France 2020 PEN EO Wilson Literary Science Writing Award US 25 2018 Doctor Honoris Causa Yale University US 26 2018 NAT Award for the Dissemination of Natural Science Barcelona Spain 27 2017 Doctor Honoris Causa Radboud University Netherlands 2015 ASP Distinguished Primatologist American Society of Primatologists 28 2015 Eugene Dubois Chair Maastricht University Netherlands 29 2014 Galileo Prize Premio Letterario Galileo Padua Italy 30 2013 Edward O Wilson Biodiversity Technology Pioneer Award 31 2013 Foreign Member Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities 32 2013 Doctor Honoris Causa Utrecht University Netherlands 33 2012 Ig Nobel Prize winner in the Anatomy category 34 2011Discover magazine s 47 all time Great Minds of Science 35 2011 Doctor Honoris Causa Colgate University US 32 2010 Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 36 2009Medal Societa di Medicina amp Scienze Naturali Parma Italy 32 2009Ariens Kappers Medal Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 32 2009Doctor Honoris Causa University for Humanistics Netherlands 32 2008Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences AAAS 37 2007 Time 100 world s most influential people 38 2005Member of the American Philosophical Society APS 39 2005Arthur W Staats Award American Psychological Foundation 40 2004Member of the US National Academy of Sciences NAS 41 1993 Corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences KNAW 42 1989 Los Angeles Times Book Award for Peacemaking among Primates 43 Selected bibliography editBooks edit Different Gender Through the Eyes of a Primatologist New York W W Norton 2022 ISBN 978 1 324 00710 4 Mama s Last Hug Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves New York W W Norton 2019 ISBN 978 0 393 63506 5 Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are New York W W Norton 2016 ISBN 978 0 393 24618 6 The Bonobo and the Atheist In Search of Humanism Among the Primates New York W W Norton 2013 ISBN 978 0 393 07377 5 The Age of Empathy Nature s Lessons for a Kinder Society New York Crown Publishing Group 2009 ISBN 9780307407771 Primates and Philosophers How Morality Evolved 2006 ISBN 0 691 12447 7 Our Inner Ape New York Riverhead Books 2005 ISBN 1 57322 312 3 44 Animal Social Complexity Intelligence Culture and Individualized Societies Edited with Peter L Tyack Cambridge Harvard University Press 2003 ISBN 0 674 00929 0 My Family Album Thirty Years of Primate Photography 2003 Tree of Origin What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution Harvard University Press 2001 ISBN 0 674 00460 4 The Ape and the Sushi Master Cultural reflections by a primatologist New York Basic Books 2001 ISBN 0 465 04175 2 Chimpanzee Politics Power and Sex Among Apes 25th Anniversary ed Baltimore MD JHU Press 2007 ISBN 978 0 8018 8656 0 Natural Conflict Resolution 2000 with Filippo Aureli Bonobo The Forgotten Ape Berkeley University of California Press 1997 ISBN 0 520 20535 9 with Frans Lanting Good Natured The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals Cambridge Harvard University Press 1996 ISBN 0 674 35660 8 Chimpanzee Cultures Edited with Richard Wrangham W C McGrew and Paul Heltne Foreword by Jane Goodall Cambridge Harvard University Press 1994 ISBN 0 674 11662 3 Peacemaking Among Primates Cambridge Harvard University Press 1989 ISBN 0 674 65920 1 Articles edit 2022 de Waal Frans B M and K Andrews The question of animal emotions Science 375 6587 1351 1352 25 March 2022 2015 Opinion piece about the discovery of Homo naledi in The New York Times 2013 Opinion piece about animal intelligence in The Wall Street Journal 2010 Opinion piece about God and morality in The New York Times 2010 de Waal Frans B M Ferrari Pier Francesco May 2010 Towards a bottom up perspective on animal and human cognition Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 5 201 207 doi 10 1016 j tics 2010 03 003 PMID 20363178 S2CID 16459127 2009 de Waal Frans B M July 2009 Darwin s last laugh Nature 460 7252 175 Bibcode 2009Natur 460 175D doi 10 1038 460175a PMID 19587747 S2CID 207787993 2008 de Waal Frans B M January 2008 Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism The Evolution of Empathy Annual Review of Psychology 59 1 279 300 doi 10 1146 annurev psych 59 103006 093625 PMID 17550343 2007 Bonobos Left amp Right Skeptic 8 August 2007 2006 Plotnik Joshua M de Waal Frans B M Reiss Diana 7 November 2006 Self recognition in an Asian elephant Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 45 17053 17057 doi 10 1073 pnas 0608062103 PMC 1636577 PMID 17075063 2005 The empathic ape New Scientist 8 October 2005 2001 Do Humans Alone Feel Your Pain Chronicle com 26 October 2001 1999 de Waal Frans B M December 1999 The End of Nature versus Nurture Scientific American 281 6 94 99 Bibcode 1999SciAm 281f 94D doi 10 1038 scientificamerican1299 94 JSTOR 26058526 PMID 10614071 1995 de Waal Frans B M March 1995 Bonobo Sex and Society The behavior of a close relative challenges assumptions about male supremacy in human evolution Scientific American 272 3 82 88 S2CID 14326127 See also editThe Genius of Charles Darwin Richard Dawkins interviews De Waal The Family of Chimps a Dutch documentary film based on de Waal s book Chimpanzee Politics and Our Inner ApeReferences edit Andrea Thompson 9 August 2007 How did we go from ape to airplane Scientists turn to chimpanzees to solve the mystery of our cultural roots NBC News Archived from the original on 10 November 2017 Retrieved 20 August 2007 a b c Prof dr F B M de Waal 1948 in Dutch Utrecht University Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 a b Traub Alex 20 March 2024 Frans de Waal Who Found the Origins of Morality in Apes Dies at 75 The New York Times Retrieved 21 March 2024 Living Links Bio Page Archived 13 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine Johnson Eric Michael Frans de Waal on Political Apes Science Communication and Building a Cooperative Society Scientific American Archived from the original on 27 December 2021 Retrieved 4 October 2016 Jackson Michael Grace Damian December 2012 Machiavellian intelligence in primates and Machiavelli M Jackson and D Grace The Montreal Review Archived from the original on 6 October 2022 Retrieved 21 March 2024 a b Clark Carol 16 March 2024 Emory primatologist Frans de Waal remembered for bringing apes a little closer to humans Emory University Archived from the original on 20 March 2024 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Preston Stephanie D de Waal Frans B M February 2002 Empathy Its ultimate and proximate bases Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 1 1 20 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 120 7176 doi 10 1017 S0140525X02000018 PMID 12625087 ProQuest 212324365 Nuzzo Regina 2005 Profile of Frans B M de Waal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 32 11137 11139 Bibcode 2005PNAS 10211137N doi 10 1073 pnas 0505686102 PMC 1183609 PMID 16061791 Weinstein Deborah December 2016 The Make Love Not War Ape Bonobos and Late Twentieth Century Explanations for War and Peace Endeavour 40 4 ScienceDirect 256 267 doi 10 1016 j endeavour 2016 10 005 Archived from the original on 26 March 2021 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Jabr Ferris 26 February 2014 The Science Is In Elephants Are Even Smarter Than We Realized Video Scientific American Archived from the original on 3 February 2024 Retrieved 18 March 2024 Gibson Lauren 2015 Darwin and the Human Nonhuman Divide Intersect 8 3 Archived from the original on 10 March 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Chimps beat us to that human touch The Times Archived from the original on 11 May 2008 Retrieved 4 October 2016 Moral behavior in animals TED 10 April 2012 Archived from the original on 9 May 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2022 Two Monkeys Were Paid Unequally Excerpt from Frans de Waal s TED Talk Moral behavior in animals TED Archived from the original on 4 February 2022 Retrieved 9 May 2022 via YouTube Proctor Darby Williamson Rebecca A de Waal Frans B M Brosnan Sarah F 2013 Chimpanzees play the ultimatum game Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 6 2070 2075 doi 10 1073 pnas 1220806110 JSTOR 41992181 PMC 3568338 PMID 23319633 de Waal Frans Robert Wright Christine M Korsgaard Philip Kitcher Peter Singer 2009 Macedo Stephen Ober Josiah eds Primates and philosophers How morality evolved Princeton Princeton University Press p 6 ISBN 978 0 691 14129 9 Atheism In search of the ungodly Economist 6 April 2013 Archived from the original on 6 April 2013 Retrieved 7 April 2013 Frans de Waal Psychologie Magazine Archived from the original on 16 August 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2013 Frans de Waal hoogleraar Utrecht in Dutch nos nl 30 August 2013 Archived from the original on 12 February 2019 Frans de Waal The Life Scientific BBC Radio 4 bbc co uk Archived from the original on 4 October 2016 Retrieved 4 October 2016 NAT Award museuciencies cat Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 12 June 2018 Traub Alex 20 March 2024 Frans de Waal Who Found the Origins of Morality in Apes Dies at 75 The New York Times Wereldberoemde Nederlandse primatoloog Frans de Waal overleden Het Parool 16 March 2024 Archived from the original on 16 March 2024 Retrieved 16 March 2024 Frans de Waal s Mama s Last Hug Receives the 2020 PEN E O Wilson Literary Science Writing Award EO Wilson Biodiversity Foundation 11 March 2020 Archived from the original on 16 August 2020 Retrieved 10 November 2020 Yale awards honorary degrees to 10 individuals for their achievements Yale University 20 May 2018 Archived from the original on 19 August 2020 La primera edicio del Premi Nat de divulgacio de les ciencies naturals distingeix el gran primatoleg Frans de Waal Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona 12 June 2018 Archived from the original on 17 March 2024 Retrieved 17 March 2024 Distinguished Primatologist Award American Society of Primatologists 24 July 2023 Archived from the original on 23 September 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2024 In Memoriam Professor Frans de Waal Eugene Dubois Foundation Retrieved 21 March 2024 E morto Frans de Waal l etologo che ha studiato le emozioni degli scimpanze La Repubblica in Italian 17 March 2024 Archived from the original on 20 March 2024 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Westry Tiffany 5 February 2016 Frans de Waal named recipient of 2016 Ireland Distinguished Visiting Scholar Award UAB News Archived from the original on 22 March 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2024 a b c d e Prof dr F B M Frans de Waal Utrecht University Archived from the original on 17 February 2024 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Eredoctoraat voor bioloog Frans de Waal en econoom Avner Greif in Dutch Utrecht University 20 February 2013 Archived from the original on 9 July 2013 The 2012 Ig Nobel Prize Winners Improbable com Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2013 Skojec Chelsea 3 May 2016 Conversation Frans de Waal Earth Island Journal Archived from the original on 7 December 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Leeuw voor apenonderzoeker in Dutch Trouw 29 April 2010 Archived from the original on 18 April 2021 Retrieved 7 November 2020 Frans B M de Waal American Academy of Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 The 2007 Time 100 Time Archived from the original on 1 November 2020 Dr Frans B M de Waal American Philosophical Society Archived from the original on 7 November 2020 Arthur W Staats Lecture for Unifying Psychology American Psychological Foundation 14 March 2023 Archived from the original on 22 May 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2024 Frans B M de Waal National Academy of Sciences Archived from the original on 24 March 2019 Frans de Waal Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on 24 September 2020 Kevles Bettyann 5 November 1989 1989 Book Prize Winner Science and Technology Peace A Biological Imperative for Primates Los Angeles Times Grandin T 9 October 2005 Review of Our Inner Ape by Frans de Waal The New York Times p 23 Archived from the original on 14 April 2018 Retrieved 13 April 2018 Further reading editNuzzo R 1 August 2005 Profile of Frans B M de Waal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 32 11137 11139 Bibcode 2005PNAS 10211137N doi 10 1073 pnas 0505686102 PMC 1183609 PMID 16061791 External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Frans de Waal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frans de Waal nbsp Scholia has a profile for Frans de Waal Q303350 The surprising science of alpha males TED talk by Frans de Waal Do animals have morals Archived 17 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine TED talk by Frans de Waal Interview with Frans de Waal on the BBC Radio 4 programme The Life Scientific Frans de Waal on Big Think about God and morality on YouTube Frans de Waal An extended film interview with transcripts for the Why Are We Here documentary series Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frans de Waal amp oldid 1220902911, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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