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Wikipedia

Vocaloid

February 16, 2024

Not to be confused with Focaloid.
This article is about the software as a whole. For the first edition, see Vocaloid (software).

Vocaloid (ボーカロイド, Bōkaroido) is a singing voice synthesizer software product. Its signal processing part was developed through a joint research project between Yamaha Corporation and the Music Technology Group in Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona.[1] The software was ultimately developed into the commercial product "Vocaloid" that was released in 2004.[2][3]

Vocaloid
Interface of Vocaloid 5
Developer(s)Yamaha Corporation
Initial releaseJanuary 15, 2004; 20 years ago (2004-01-15)
Stable release
Vocaloid 6 / October 13, 2022; 16 months ago (2022-10-13)
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
macOS
iOS (Mobile Vocaloid Editor, Japan only)
Available inJapanese, English, Korean, Spanish, Chinese, Catalan
TypeVoice Synthesizer Software
LicenseProprietary
Websitewww.vocaloid.com/en/

The software enables users to synthesize "singing" by typing in lyrics and melody and also "speech" by typing in the script of the required words. It uses synthesizing technology with specially recorded vocals of voice actors or singers. To create a song, the user must input the melody and lyrics. A piano roll type interface is used to input the melody and the lyrics can be entered on each note. The software can change the stress of the pronunciations, add effects such as vibrato, or change the dynamics and tone of the voice.

Various voice banks have been released for use with the Vocaloid synthesizer technology.[4] Each is sold as "a singer in a box" designed to act as a replacement for an actual singer.[5] As such, they are released under a moe anthropomorphism. These avatars are also referred to as Vocaloids, and are often marketed as virtual idols; some have gone on to perform at live concerts as an on-stage projection.[6]

The software was originally only available in English starting with the first Vocaloids Leon, Lola and Miriam by Zero-G, and Japanese with Meiko and Kaito made by Yamaha and sold by Crypton Future Media. Vocaloid 3 has added support for Spanish for the Vocaloids Bruno, Clara and Maika; Chinese for Luo Tianyi, Yuezheng Ling, Xin Hua and Yanhe; and Korean for SeeU.

The software is intended for professional musicians as well as casual computer music users.[7] Japanese musical groups such as Livetune of Toy's Factory and Supercell of Sony Music Entertainment Japan have released their songs featuring Vocaloid as vocals. Japanese record label Exit Tunes of Quake Inc. also have released compilation albums featuring Vocaloids.[8][9]

Technology edit

 
Voice model developed before the Vocaloid, Excitation plus Resonances (EpR) model,[10] is a combination of: The model was developed in 2001 as a source-filter model for voice synthesis,[11] but was only implemented on top of the concatenative synthesis model in the final product[citation needed] as a method of avoiding spectral shape discontinuities at the segment boundaries of concatenation.[12]
(based on Fig.1 on Bonada et al. 2001)

Vocaloid's singing synthesis [ja] technology is generally categorized into the concatenative synthesis[13][14] in the frequency domain, which splices and processes the vocal fragments extracted from human singing voices, in the forms of time-frequency representation. The Vocaloid system can produce the realistic voices by adding vocal expressions like the vibrato on the score information.[15] Initially, Vocaloid's synthesis technology was called "Frequency-domain Singing Articulation Splicing and Shaping" (周波数ドメイン歌唱アーティキュレーション接続法, Shūhasū-domein kashō ātikyurēshon setsuzoku-hō) on the release of Vocaloid in 2004,[16] although this name is no longer used since the release of Vocaloid 2 in 2007.[17] "Singing Articulation" is explained as "vocal expressions" such as vibrato and vocal fragments necessary for singing. The Vocaloid and Vocaloid 2 synthesis engines are designed for singing, not reading text aloud,[18] though software such as Vocaloid-flex and Voiceroid have been developed for that. They cannot naturally replicate singing expressions like hoarse voices or shouts.[19]

System architecture edit

 
Vocaloid system diagram
(based on Fig.1 on Kenmochi, Ohshima & , Interspeech 2007)

The main parts of the Vocaloid 2 system are the Score Editor (Vocaloid 2 Editor), the Singer Library, and the Synthesis Engine. The Synthesis Engine receives score information from the Score Editor, selects appropriate samples from the Singer Library, and concatenates them to output synthesized voices.[3] There is basically no difference in the Score Editor and the Synthesis Engine provided by Yamaha among different Vocaloid 2 products. If a Vocaloid 2 product is already installed, the user can enable another Vocaloid 2 product by adding its library. The system supports three languages, Japanese, Korean, and English, although other languages may be optional in the future.[2] It works standalone (playback and export to WAV) and as a ReWire application or a Virtual Studio Technology instrument (VSTi) accessible from a digital audio workstation (DAW).

Score Editor edit

 
Score Editor (example)
Song example: "Sakura Sakura"

The Score Editor is a piano roll style editor to input notes, lyrics, and some expressions. When entering lyrics, the editor automatically converts them into Vocaloid phonetic symbols using the built-in pronunciation dictionary.[3] The user can directly edit the phonetic symbols of unregistered words.[14] The Score Editor offers various parameters to add expressions to singing voices. The user is supposed to optimize these parameters that best fit the synthesized tune when creating voices.[13] This editor supports ReWire and can be synchronized with DAW. Real-time "playback" of songs with predefined lyrics using a MIDI keyboard is also supported.[3]

Singer Library edit

Each Vocaloid license develops the Singer Library, or a database of vocal fragments sampled from real people. The database must have all possible combinations of phonemes of the target language, including diphones (a chain of two different phonemes) and sustained vowels, as well as polyphones with more than two phonemes if necessary.[3] For example, the voice corresponding to the word "sing" ([sIN]) can be synthesized by concatenating the sequence of diphones "#-s, s-I, I-N, N-#" (# indicating a voiceless phoneme) with the sustained vowel ī.[18] The Vocaloid system changes the pitch of these fragments so that it fits the melody. In order to get more natural sounds, three or four different pitch ranges are required to be stored into the library.[20][21] Japanese requires 500 diphones per pitch, whereas English requires 2,500.[18] Japanese has fewer diphones because it has fewer phonemes and most syllabic sounds are open syllables ending in a vowel. In Japanese, there are basically three patterns of diphones containing a consonant: voiceless-consonant, vowel-consonant, and consonant-vowel. On the other hand, English has many closed syllables ending in a consonant, and consonant-consonant and consonant-voiceless diphones as well. Thus, more diphones need to be recorded into an English library than into a Japanese one. Due to this linguistic difference, a Japanese library is not suitable for singing in eloquent English.[citation needed]

Synthesis Engine edit

 
Vocaloid Synthesis Engine[22]

The Synthesis Engine receives score information contained in dedicated MIDI messages called Vocaloid MIDI sent by the Score Editor, adjusts pitch and timbre of the selected samples in frequency domain, and splices them to synthesize singing voices.[3] When Vocaloid runs as VSTi accessible from DAW, the bundled VST plug-in bypasses the Score Editor and directly sends these messages to the Synthesis Engine.[14]

Pitch conversion
Since the samples are recorded in different pitches, pitch conversion is required when concatenating the samples.[3] The engine calculates a desired pitch from the notes, attack time, and vibrato parameters, and then selects the necessary samples from the library.[14]
Timing adjustment
In singing voices, the consonant onset of a syllable is uttered before the vowel onset is uttered. The starting position of a note ("Note-On") must be the same as that of the vowel onset, not the start of the syllable. Vocaloid keeps the "synthesized score" in memory to adjust sample timing so that the vowel onset should be strictly on the "Note-On" position.[14] No timing adjustment would result in delay.
Sample Concatenation
 
Spectral envelope interpolation between samples
 
Spectral Peak Processing (SPP) for timbre manipulation (based on Fig.3 on Bonada & Loscos 2003)
When concatenating the processed samples, discontinuities are reduced by spreading the phase between samples via phase correction and estimating spectral shape using a source-filter model called the Excitation plus Resonances (EpR) model.[3]
Timbre manipulation
The engine smooths the timbre around the junction of the samples. The timbre of a sustained vowel is generated by interpolating spectral envelopes of the surrounding samples. For example, when concatenating a sequence of diphones "s-e, e, e-t" of the English word "set", the spectral envelope of a sustained ē at each frame is generated by interpolating ē in the end of "s-e" and ē in the beginning of "e-t".[3]
Transforms
After pitch conversion and timbre manipulation, the engine does transforms such as Inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to output synthesized voices.[3]

Software history edit

See also: List of Vocaloid products
 
Screenshot of the software interface for Vocaloid
"Freely Tomorrow" by Mitchie M
A song with vocals provided by the Vocaloid character Hatsune Miku.

Vocaloid edit

Main article: Vocaloid (software)

Yamaha started development of Vocaloid in March 2000[18] and announced it for the first time at the German fair Musikmesse on March 5–9, 2003.[23] It was created under the name "Daisy", in reference to the song "Daisy Bell", but for copyright reasons this name was dropped in favor of "Vocaloid".[24]

Vocaloid 2 edit

Main article: Vocaloid 2

Vocaloid 2 was announced in 2007. Unlike the first engine, Vocaloid 2 based its results on vocal samples, rather than analysis of the human voice.[25] The synthesis engine and the user interface were completely revamped, with Japanese Vocaloids possessing a Japanese interface.[13]

Vocaloid 3 edit

Main article: Vocaloid 3

Vocaloid 3 launched on October 21, 2011, along with several products in Japanese, the first of its kind. Several studios updated their Vocaloid 2 products for use with the new engine with improved voice samples.[26]

Vocaloid 4 edit

Main article: Vocaloid 4

In October 2014, the first product confirmed for the Vocaloid 4 engine was the English vocal Ruby, whose release was delayed so she could be released on the newer engine. In 2015, several V4 versions of Vocaloids were released.[27] The Vocaloid 5 engine was then announced soon afterwards.

Vocaloid 5 edit

Main article: Vocaloid 5

Vocaloid 5 was released on July 12, 2018,[28] with an overhauled user interface and substantial engine improvements. The product is only available as a bundle; the standard version includes four voices and the premium version includes eight.[29] This is the first time since Vocaloid 2 that a Vocaloid engine has been sold with vocals, as they were previously sold separately starting with Vocaloid 3.

Vocaloid 6 edit

Vocaloid 6 was released on October 13, 2022, with support for previous voices from Vocaloid 3 and later, and a new line of Vocaloid voices on their own engine within Vocaloid 6 known as Vocaloid:AI. The product is only sold as a bundle, and the standard version includes the 4 voices included with Vocaloid 5, as well as 4 new voices from the Vocaloid:AI line. Vocaloid 6's AI voicebanks support English and Japanese by default, though Yamaha announced they intended to add support for Chinese. Vocaloid 6 also includes a feature where a user can import audio of themselves singing and have Vocaloid:AI recreate that audio with one of its vocals.[30]

Derivative products edit

Software edit

 
HRP-4C cosplaying as Gumi, a mascot of Megpoid, at CEATEC JAPAN 2009
Vocaloid-flex
Yamaha developed Vocaloid-flex, a singing software application based on the Vocaloid engine, which contains a speech synthesizer. According to the official announcement, users can edit its phonological system more delicately than those of other Vocaloid series to get closer to the actual speech language; for example, it enables final devoicing, unvoicing vowel sounds or weakening/strengthening consonant sounds.[31] It was used in a video game Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker released on April 28, 2010. It is still a corporate product and a consumer version has not been announced.[32] This software was also used for the robot model HRP-4C at CEATEC Japan 2009.[33] Gachapoid has access to this engine and it is used through the software V-Talk.[34]
VocaListener
Another Vocaloid tool that was developed was VocaListener, a software package that allows for realistic Vocaloid songs to be produced by analyzing an audio recording of a singing performance (a cappella) and imitating it to generate Vocaloid singing parameters automatically.[35]
MikuMikuDance
See also: MikuMikuDance
To aid in the production of 3D Vocaloid animations, the program MikuMikuDance was developed. This freeware allowed a boom in the birth of fan-made and derivative characters, as well as a boost in the promotions of Vocaloid songs.[36] MikuMikuDance's developer went on a hiatus in May 2011 (initially announced as a retirement from development),[37] but started updating the software again in June 2013.
NetVocaloid
NetVocaloid was an online vocal synthesis service. Users could synthesize singing voices on a device connected to the Internet by executing the Vocaloid engine on the server. This service could be used even if the user did not own the Vocaloid software. The service was available in both English and Japanese.[38] However, as of April 2012, the service was no longer being offered on Yamaha's website.
MMDAgent
MMDAgent is a software developed by the International Voice Engineering Institute in the Nagoya Institute of Technology,[39] and the Alpha version was released on December 25, 2010.[40] This particular software allows users to interact with 3D models of the Vocaloid mascots. The software is made from 3D models and sound files that have already been made available on the internet and will be disputed as freeware for that reason.[41]
Vocaloid Editor for Cubase
See also: Vocaloid Editor for Cubase
This particular version of Vocaloid is built solely for Cubase. It features no additional voices but will use any voice from Vocaloid 2 and Vocaloid 3 and acts as a plugin for the Cubase software. The result is that this version is compatible with most functions of Cubase 6.5 and can use its tools such as buses, filters and mixers without worrying about complications.[42]
Vocaloid β-STUDIO
β-STUDIO is described by Yamaha as an open-beta to encourage producers to seek the future of singing voice synthesis. It is a limited service software, with service planned to end March 31st, 2024.[43] The software uses AI capability to enhance the quality and ease of use of software for users. The first voicebanks announced were ports of the UTAU voicebanks Gekiyaku and Kazehiki.
VocaloWitter
VocaloWitter
 
screenshot of Aoki Lapis vers.
Developer(s)Yamaha Corporation
Available inJapanese
TypeVoice Synthesizer Software
LicenseProprietary
Websitewww.vocaloid.com  
Originally introduced as "i-Vocaloid", this is a mobile app version of the Vocaloid software with Vocaloid2 technology and was released for the iPhone. Yamaha announced a version of the Vocaloid software for the iPhone and iPad, which exhibited at the Y2 Autumn 2010 Digital Content Expo in Japan.[44][45]
VocaloWitter products
  • VY1, a Japanese feminine vocal. This was first announced in December 2010, VY1 was released in an adapted version of the Vocaloid software "iVOCALOID" for the iPad and iPhone as "VY1t".[46]
  • VY2, a Japanese masculine vocal, was due for release. VY2's version would have adjusted the VY1 version for compatibility and performance reasons. However, it has never been released.[47]
  • Aoki Lapis was added to this software in December 2012. This is a Japanese female vocal.[48] This particular version of the VocaloWitter app took first place out of all paid-for apps on the iTunes store on 11 September 2013.[49]
iVocaloid
iVocaloid
 
iPhone and iPad vers. with VY1t loaded
Available inJapanese
TypeVoice synthesizer Apps
LicenseProprietary
Websitehttps://www.vocaloid.com/mveditor/
This was a more advanced version of the VocaloWitter app and was for the iPhone and iPad, it was based on the Vocaloid2 and Vocaloid3 engine. It was originally released alongside the iOS version of Vocaloid called "i-Vocaloid" (later renamed VocaloWitter) and was released using a version of the Vocaloid 2 software. It contains many of the same functions as Vocaloid 2 software although some functions are absent. It was released at a much lower price than the full Vocaloid 2 software, offering a cheap alternative to buying the PC version. However, it is only available in Japanese and requires a Japanese chip to install. In August 2014, it was upgraded, enabling users to download the update. The update allowed access to the Vocaloid Net Cloud storage service. For the first time, users could exchange VSQX files with Vocaloid 3 or the Vocaloid 3 Neo version. Using Vocaloid Net gave users free access to a standard song writing service for the first time.[50]
iVocaloid products
  • VY1: A feminine vocal released for the software. This was the first vocal sold.[51]
  • VY2: In October 2011, VY2 was made available, this is a masculine vocal.[52]
  • Aoki Lapis: Lapis was added in November 2012, she is a female vocal.[53]
  • Merli: Merli was added August 2014, she is a female vocal.[54]
Unity with Vocaloid
Originally introduced under the name "Vocaloid for Unity", this is a version of the Vocaloid engine for the Unity game engine.
Mobile Vocaloid Editor
Mobile Vocaloid Editor
 
iPad and iPhone versions of the software
Developer(s)Yamaha Corporation
Available inJapanese, English
TypeVocal Synthesizer Apps
LicenseProprietary
Websitehttps://www.vocaloid.com/mveditor/
Mobile Vocaloid Editor is an iPad and iPhone version of the Vocaloid 4 engine. It comes with VY1 "Lite" as standard and demo songs are bundled with the app. The app offers "DYN", "PIT" and "VIB" and handles 16 tracks of data. It can do 999 bars of music, but, in comparison to the full Vocaloid 4 editor, cannot do "growl" or "cross-synthesis".[55][56] The input entries of the app differ from the normal Vocaloid 4 method of importing data. Most functions can be used with one or two fingers and it is possible to draw parameter lines with a single finger. Compared also to iVocaloid, it can achieve the full C2~G8 range of notes. Despite the inclusion of English vocals, it currently has no English interface and is sold only in Japan.
Mobile Vocaloid Editor products

The following products are able to be purchased;

  • VY1: The full version of the Japanese feminine VY1 vocal.
  • ZOLA Project: Yuu, Wil and Kyo are 3 male vocals, each are sold separately.
  • Aoki Lapis: Japanese female vocal.
  • Merli: Japanese female vocal.
  • Mew: Japanese female vocal.
  • Galaco: Japanese female vocal, she comes with two versions "red" and "blue" both are sold separately.
  • Cyber Diva: English female vocal.
  • Yuzuki Yukari:[57] Japanese female vocal, has 3 versions "Jun", "Onn" and "Lin" which are each sold separately.
  • Sachiko: Japanese female vocal.
  • Megpoid:[58] Female vocal, has two vocals "Native" which is a Japanese vocal and "English" both are sold separately.
  • Unity-Chan: Japanese female vocal.[59]

Hardware edit

Vocaloid-Board
Vocaloid is set to become a hardware version called Vocaloid-Board.[60]
eVocaloid
See also: List of Vocaloid products § eVocaloid
This is a LSI sound generator that uses the voice of "VY1" (version dubbed "eVY1") and can be used for mobile devices and unlike the software version of Vocaloid, works in real-time computing.[61] One such device confirmed to contain an eVocaloid chip is the Pocket Miku device.[62]
Vocaloid Keyboard
Main article: Vocaloid Keyboard
This is a keytar which has Vocaloid voices loaded into it.
Anizon VOCALOOP
Main article: Anizon VOCALOOP

Marketing edit

Though developed by Yamaha, the marketing of each Vocaloid is left to the respective studios. Yamaha themselves do maintain a degree of promotional efforts in the actual Vocaloid software, as seen when the humanoid robot model HRP-4C of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) was set up to react to three Vocaloids—Hatsune Miku, Megpoid and Crypton's noncommercial Vocaloid software "CV-4Cβ"—as part of promotions for both Yamaha and AIST at CEATEC in 2009.[63][64] The prototype voice CV-4Cβ was created by sampling a Japanese voice actress, Eriko Nakamura.[65]

Japanese magazines such as DTM magazine are responsible for the promotion and introduction for many of the Japanese Vocaloids to Japanese Vocaloid fans. It has featured Vocaloids such as Hatsune Miku, Kagamine Rin and Len, and Megurine Luka, printing some sketches by artist Kei Garou and reporting the latest Vocaloid news. Thirty-day trial versions of Miriam, Lily and Iroha have also contributed to the marketing success of those particular voices. After the success of SF-A2 Miki's CD album, other Vocaloids such as VY1 and Iroha have also used promotional CDs as a marketing approach to selling their software. When Amazon MP3 in Japan opened on November 9, 2010, Vocaloid albums were featured as its free-of-charge contents.[66][67]

Crypton has been involved with the marketing of their Character Vocal Series, particularly Hatsune Miku, has been actively involved in the GT300 class of the Super GT since 2008 with the support of Good Smile Racing (a branch of Good Smile Company, mainly in charge of car-related products, especially itasha (cars featuring illustrations of anime-styled characters) stickers). Although Good Smile Company was not the first to bring the anime and manga culture to Super GT, it departs from others by featuring itasha directly rather than colorings onto vehicles.

Since the 2008 season, three different teams received their sponsorship under Good Smile Racing, and turned their cars to Vocaloid-related artwork:

As well as involvements with the GT series, Crypton also established the website Piapro.[73] A number of games starting from Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA were produced by Sega under license using Hatsune Miku and other Crypton Vocaloids, as well as "fan made" Vocaloids. Later, a mobile phone game called Hatsune Miku Vocalo x Live was produced by Japanese mobile social gaming website Gree.[74] TinierMe Gacha also made attire that looks like Miku for their services, allowing users to make their avatar resemble the Crypton Vocaloids.[75][76]

Two unofficial manga were also produced for the series, Maker Unofficial: Hatsune Mix being the most well known of the two, which was released by Jive in their Comic Rush magazine; this series is drawn by Vocaloid artist Kei Garou. The series features the Crypton Vocaloids in various scenarios, a different one each week. The series focuses on the Crypton Vocaloids, although Internet Co., Ltd.'s Gackpoid Vocaloid makes a guest appearance in two chapters. The series also saw guest cameos of Vocaloid variants such as Hachune Miku, Yowane Haku, Akita Neru and the Utauloid Kasane Teto. The series comprises the original 28 chapters serialized in Comic Rush and a collection of the first 10 chapters in a single tankōbon volume.[77] A manga was produced for Lily by Kei Garou, who also drew the mascot.[78][79] An anime music video titled "Schwarzgazer", which shows the world where Lily is,[80] was produced and it was released with the album anim.o.v.e 02, however the song is sung by Move, not by Vocaloids. A yonkoma manga based on Hatsune Miku and drawn by Kentaro Hayashi, Shūkan Hajimete no Hatsune Miku!, began serialization in Weekly Young Jump on September 2, 2010.[81] Hatsune Miku appeared in Weekly Playboy magazine.[82] However, Crypton Future Media confirmed they will not be producing an anime based on their Vocaloids as it would limit the creativity of their user base, preferring to let their user base to have freedom to create PV's without restrictions.[83]

Initially, Crypton Future Media were the only studio that was allowed the license of figurines to be produced for their Vocaloids. A number of figurines and plush dolls were also released under license to Max Factory and the Good Smile Company of Crypton's Vocaloids. Among these figures were also Figma models of the entire "Character Vocal Series" mascots as well as Nendoroid figures of various Crypton Vocaloids and variants. Pullip versions of Hatsune Miku, Kagamine Len and Rin have also been produced for release in April 2011; other Vocaloid dolls have since been announced from the Pullip doll line.[84][85] As part of promotions for Vocaloid Lily, license for a figurine was given to Phat Company and Lily became the first non-Crypton Vocaloid to receive a figurine.[86]

With regard to the English Vocaloid studios, Power FX's Sweet Ann was given her own MySpace page and Sonika her own Twitter account. In comparison to Japanese studios, Zero-G and PowerFX maintain a high level of contact with their fans. Zero-G in particular encourages fan feed back and, after adopting Sonika as a mascot for their studio, has run two competitions related to her.[87][88] There was also talk from PowerFX of redoing their Sweet Ann box art and a competition would be included as part of the redesign.[89] The Vocaloid Lily also had a competition held during her trial period.[90] English Vocaloids have not sold enough to warrant extras, such as seen with Crypton's Miku Append. However, it has been confirmed if the English Vocaloids become more popular, then Appends would be an option in the future. Crypton plans to start an electronic magazine for English readers at the end of 2010 in order to encourage the growth of the English Vocaloid fanbase. Extracts of PowerFX's Sweet Ann and Big Al were included in Soundation Studio in their Christmas loops and sound release with a competition included.[91]

Crypton and Toyota began working together to promote the launch of the 2011 Toyota Corolla using Hatsune Miku to promote the car. The launch of the car also marked the start of Miku's debut in the US alongside it.[92] Crypton had always sold Hatsune Miku as a virtual instrument, but they decided to ask their own fanbase in Japan if it was okay with them to market her to the United States as a virtual singer instead.[93]

Promotional events edit

The largest promotional event for Vocaloids is "The Voc@loid M@ster" (Vom@s) convention held four times a year in Tokyo or the neighboring Kanagawa Prefecture. The event brings producers and illustrators involved with the production of Vocaloid art and music together so they can sell their work to others. The original event was held in 2007 with 48 groups, or "circles", given permission to host stalls at the event for the selling of their goods. The event soon gained popularity and at the 14th event, nearly 500 groups had been chosen to have stalls. Additionally, Japanese companies involved with production of the software also have stalls at the events.[94][95] The very first live concert related to Vocaloid was held in 2004 with the Vocaloid Miriam in Russia.[96]

Vocaloids have also been promoted at events such as the NAMM show and the Musikmesse fair. In fact, it was the promotion of Zero-G's Lola and Leon at the NAMM trade show that would later introduce PowerFX to the Vocaloid program.[89] These events have also become an opportunity for announcing new Vocaloids with Prima being announced at the NAMM event in 2007 and Tonio having been announced at the NAMM event in 2009.[97] A customized, Chinese version of Sonika was released at the Fancy Frontier Develop Animation Festival, as well as with promotional versions with stickers and posters. Sanrio held a booth at Comiket 78 featuring the voice of an unreleased Vocaloid. AH-Software in cooperation with Sanrio shared a booth and the event was used to advertise both the Hello Kitty game and AH-Software's new Vocaloid.[98] At the Nico Nico Douga Daikaigi 2010 Summer: Egao no Chikara event, Internet Co., Ltd. announced their latest Vocaloid "Gachapoid" based on popular children's character Gachapin.

Originally, Hiroyuki Ito—President of Crypton Future Media—claimed that Hatsune Miku was not a virtual idol but a kind of the Virtual Studio Technology instrument.[99] However, Hatsune Miku performed her first "live" concert like a virtual idol on a projection screen during Animelo Summer Live at the Saitama Super Arena on August 22, 2009.[100][101] At the "MikuFes '09 (Summer)" event on August 31, 2009, her image was screened by rear projection on a mostly-transparent screen.[102] Miku also performed her first overseas live concert on November 21, 2009, during Anime Festival Asia (AFA) in Singapore.[103][104] On March 9, 2010, Miku's first solo live performance titled "Miku no Hi Kanshasai 39's Giving Day" was opened at the Zepp Tokyo in Odaiba, Tokyo.[105][106] The tour was run as part of promotions for Sega's Hatsune Miku: Project Diva video game in March 2010.[107] The success and possibility of these tours is owed to the popularity of Hatsune Miku and so far Crypton is the only studio to have established a world tour of their Vocaloids.

Later, the CEO of Crypton Future Media appeared in San Francisco at the start of the San Francisco tour where the first Hatsune Miku concert was hosted in North America on September 18, 2010, featuring songs provided by the Miku software voice.[108][109] A second screening of the concert was on October 11, 2010, in the San Francisco Viz Cinema. A screening of the concert was also shown in New York City in the city's anime festival.[110] Hiroyuki Ito, and planner/producer, Wataru Sasaki, who were responsible for Miku's creation, attended an event on October 8, 2010, at the festival.[111][112] Videos of her performance are due to be released worldwide.[113] Megpoid and Gackpoid were also featured in the 2010 King Run Anison Red and White concert. This event also used the same projector method to display Megpoid and Gackpoid on a large screen. Their appearance at the concert was done as a one-time event and both Vocaloids were featured singing a song originally sung by their respective voice provider.[114]

The next live concert was set for Tokyo on March 9, 2011.[115] Other events included the Vocarock Festival 2011 on January 11, 2011, and the Vocaloid Festa which was held on February 12, 2011.[116][117][118] The Vocaloid Festa had also hosted a competition officially endorsed by Pixiv, with the winner seeing their creation unveiled at Vocafes2 on May 29, 2011.[119] The first Vocaloid concert in North America was held in Los Angeles on July 2, 2011, at the Nokia Theater during Anime Expo; the concert was identical to the March 9, 2010 event except for a few improvements and new songs.[120] Another concert was held in Sapporo on August 16 and 17, 2011. Hatsune Miku also had a concert in Singapore on November 11, 2011. Since then, there have been multiple concerts every year featuring Miku in various concert series, such as Magical Mirai, and Miku Expo.

Cultural impact edit

 
Hatsune Miku is partly responsible for Vocaloid's success.

The software became very popular in Japan upon the release of Crypton Future Media's Hatsune Miku Vocaloid 2 software and her success has led to the popularity of the Vocaloid software in general.[121] Japanese video sharing website Niconico played a fundamental role in the recognition and popularity of the software. A user of Hatsune Miku and an illustrator released a much-viewed video, in which "Hachune Miku", a super deformed Miku, held a Welsh onion (Negi in Japanese), which resembles a leek, and sang the Finnish song "Ievan Polkka" like the flash animation "Loituma Girl", on Nico Nico Douga.[122] According to Crypton, they knew that users of Nico Nico Douga had started posting videos with songs created by the software before Hatsune Miku, but the video presented multifarious possibilities of applying the software in multimedia content creation—notably the dōjin culture.[123]

As the recognition and popularity of the software grew, Nico Nico Douga became a place for collaborative content creation. Popular original songs written by a user would generate illustrations, animation in 2D and 3D, and remixes by other users. Other creators would show their unfinished work and ask for ideas.[124] The software has also been used to tell stories using song and verse and the Story of Evil series has become so popular that a manga, six books, and two theatre works were produced by the series creator.[125][126] Another theater production based on "Cantarella", a song sung by Kaito and produced by Kurousa-P, was also set to hit the stage and will run Shibuya's Space Zero theater in Tokyo from August 3 to August 7, 2011.[127] The website has become so influential that studios often post demos on Nico Nico Douga, as well as other websites such as YouTube, as part of the promotional effort of their Vocaloid products. The important role Nico Nico Douga has played in promoting the Vocaloids also sparked interest in the software and Kentaro Miura, the artist of Gakupo's mascot design, had offered his services for free because of his love for the website.[128]

In September 2009, three figurines based on the derivative character "Hachune Miku" were launched in a rocket from the United States state of Nevada's Black Rock Desert, though it did not reach outer space.[129][130] In late November 2009, a petition was launched in order to get a custom made Hatsune Miku aluminum plate (8 cm x 12 cm, 3.1" x 4.7") made that would be used as a balancing weight for the Japanese Venus space probe Akatsuki.[131] Started by Hatsune Miku fan Sumio Morioka that goes by chodenzi-P, this project received the backing of Dr. Seiichi Sakamoto of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).[132] The website of the petition written in Japanese was translated into other languages such as English, Russian, Chinese and Korean, and, the petition exceeded the needed 10,000 signatures necessary to have the plates made on December 22, 2009.[133] On May 21, 2010, at 06:58:22 (JST), Akatsuki was launched on the rocket H-IIA 202 Flight 17 from the Japanese spaceport Tanegashima Space Center, having three plates depicting Hatsune Miku.[134][135]

The Vocaloid software has also had a great influence on the character Black Rock Shooter, which looks like Hatsune Miku but is not linked to her by design. The character was made famous by the song "Black Rock Shooter",[136] and a number of figurines have been made. An original video animation made by Ordet was streamed for free as part of a promotional campaign running from June 25 to August 31, 2010.[137] The virtual idols "Meaw" have also been released aimed at the Vocaloid culture. The twin Thai virtual idols released two singles, "Meaw Left ver." and "Meaw Right ver.", sung in Japanese.[138][139]

A cafe for one day only was opened in Tokyo based on Hatsune Miku on August 31, 2010.[140] A second event was arranged for all Japanese Vocaloids.[141] "Snow Miku" was also featured on an event as a part of the 62nd Sapporo Snow Festival in February 2011.[142] A Vocaloid-themed TV show on the Japanese Vocaloids called Vocalo Revolution began airing on Kyoto Broadcasting System on January 3, 2011.[143][144] The show is part of a bid to make the Vocaloid culture more widely accepted and features a mascot known as "Cul", also mascot of the "Cul Project".[145] The show's first success story is a joint collaboration between Vocalo Revolution and the school fashion line "Cecil McBee" Music x Fashion x Dance.[146][147] Piapro also held a competition with famous fashion brands with the winners seeing their Lolita-based designs reproduced for sale by the company Putumayo.[148] A radio station set up a 1-hour program containing nothing but Vocaloid-based music.[149]

The Vocaloid software had a great influence on the development of the freeware UTAU.[150] Several products were produced for the Macne series (Mac音シリーズ) for intended use for the programs Reason 4 and GarageBand. These products were sold by Act2 and by converting their file format, were able to also work with the UTAU program.[151] The program Maidloid, developed for the character Acme Iku (阿久女イク), was also developed, which works in a similar way to Vocaloid, except produces erotic sounds rather than an actual singing voice.[152] Other than Vocaloid, AH-Software also developed Tsukuyomi Ai and Shouta for the software Voiceroid, and the sale of their Vocaloids gave AH-Software the chance to promote Voiceroid at the same time. The software is aimed for speaking rather than singing. Both AH-Software's Vocaloids and Voiceroids went on sale on December 4, 2009.[153] Crypton Future Media has been reported to openly welcome these additional software developments as it expands the market for synthesized voices.

During the events of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, a number of Vocaloid related donation drives were produced. Crypton Future Media joined several other companies in a donation drive, with money spent on the sales of music from Crypton Future Media's KarenT label being donated to the Japanese Red Cross.[154] In addition, a special Nendoroid of Hatsune Miku, Nendoroid Hatsune Miku: Support ver., was announced with a donation of 1,000 yen per sale to the Japanese Red Cross.[155] In addition to the donation drives held by Crypton Future Media, AH-Software created the Voiceroid voicebank Tohoku Zunko to promote the recovery of the Tōhoku region and its culture.[156]

In 2012, Vocaloid was quoted as one of the contributors to a 10% increase in cosplay related services.[157] In 2013, the Vocaloid 3 software Oliver was used as the voice of Cartoon Hangover character PuppyCat from their web series Bee and PuppyCat.[158][159]

In 2023, a Pokémon collaboration was announced and released. Named Project VOLTAGE, it consists of art of Hatsune Miku as different Pokémon type trainers. The art was drawn by 6 different artists, some of which are prominent artists for the Pokémon Trading Card Game. After the release of all 18 Pokémon type artworks, songs by 4 different producers were released.[160]

Music edit

 
Vocaloid Miriam Stockley
Thingymajigtus

The earliest use of Vocaloid-related software used prototypes of Kaito and Meiko and were featured on the album History of Logic System by Hideki Matsutake released on July 24, 2003, and sang the song "Ano Subarashii Ai o Mō Ichido". The first album to be released using a full commercial Vocaloid was A Place in the Sun, which used Leon's voice for the vocals singing in both Russian and English.[161] Miriam has also been featured in two albums, Light + Shade[162] and Continua.[163] Japanese progressive-electronic artist Susumu Hirasawa used the Lola Vocaloid in the original soundtrack of Paprika by Satoshi Kon.[164][165] The software's biggest asset is its ability to see continued usage even long after its initial release date. Leon was featured in the album 32bit Love by Muzehack and Lola in Operator's Manual by anaROBIK; both were featured in these albums six years after they were released.[166] Even early on in the software's history, the music making progress proved to be a valuable asset to the Vocaloid development as it not only opened up the possibilities of how the software may be applied in practice, but led to the creation of further Vocaloids to fill in the missing roles the software had yet to cover. The album A Place in the Sun was noted to have songs that were designed for a male voice with a rougher timbre than the Vocaloid Leon could provide; this later led to the development of Big Al to fulfill this particular role.[167]

Some of the most popular albums are on the Exit Tunes label, featuring the works of Vocaloid producers in Japan. One of the Vocaloid compilations, Exit Tunes Presents Vocalogenesis feat. Hatsune Miku, debuted at No. 1 on the Japanese weekly Oricon albums chart in May 2010, becoming the first Vocaloid album ever to top the charts.[168] The album sold 23,000 copies in its first week and eventually sold 86,000 copies. The following released album, Exit Tunes Presents Vocalonexus feat. Hatsune Miku, became the second Vocaloid album to top the weekly charts in January 2011.[169] Another album, Supercell, by the group Supercell[170] also features a number of songs using Vocaloids. Upon its release in North America, it became ranked as the second highest album on Amazon's bestselling MP3 album in the international category in the United States and topped the store's bestselling chart for world music on iTunes.[171]

Other albums, such as 19's Sound Factory's First Sound Story[172] and Livetune's Re:Repackage, and Re:Mikus[173][174] also feature Miku's voice. Other uses of Miku include the albums Sakura no Ame (桜ノ雨) by Absorb and Miku no Kanzume (みくのかんづめ) by OSTER-project. Kagamine Len and Rin's songs were covered by Asami Shimoda in the album Prism credited to "Kagamine Rin/Len feat. Asami Shimoda".[175] The compilation album Vocarock Collection 2 feat. Hatsune Miku was released by Farm Records on December 15, 2010,[176] and was later featured on the Cool Japan Music iPhone app in February 2011.[177] The record label Balloom became the first label to focus solely on Vocaloid-related works and their first release was Unhappy Refrain by the Vocaloid producer Wowaka.[178][179] Hatsune Miku's North American debut song "World is Mine" ranked at No. 7 in the iTunes world singles ranking in the week of its release.[180] Singer Gackt also challenged Gackpoid users to create a song, with the prize being 10 million yen, stating if the song was to his liking he would sing and include it in his next album.[181] The winning song "Episode 0" and runner up song "Paranoid Doll" were later released by Gackt on July 13, 2011.[182] In relation to the Good Smiling racing promotions that Crypton Future Media Vocaloids had played part in, the album Hatsune Miku GT Project Theme Song Collection was released in August 2011 as part of a collaboration.[183]

In the month prior to her release, SF-A2 Miki was featured in the album Vocaloids X'mas: Shiroi Yoru wa Seijaku o Mamotteru as part of her promotion. The album featured the Vocaloid singing Christmas songs.[184] Miki was also featured singing the introduction of the game Hello Kitty to Issho! Block Crash 123!!. A young female prototype used for the "project if..." series was used in Sound Horizon's musical work "Ido e Itaru Mori e Itaru Ido", labeled as the "prologue maxi". The prototype sang alongside Miku for their music and is known only by the name "Junger März_Prototype β".[185][186] For Yamaha's VY1 Vocaloid, an album featuring VY1 was created. The album was released with the deluxe version of the program. It includes various well-known producers from Nico Nico Douga and YouTube and includes covers of various popular and well-known Vocaloid songs using the VY1 product.[187] The first press edition of Nekomura Iroha was released with a CD containing her two sample songs "Tsubasa" and "Abbey Fly", and the install disc also contained VSQ files of the two songs for use with her program.[188] A number of Vocaloid related music, including songs starring Hatsune Miku, were featured in the arcade game Music Gun Gun! 2.[189] One of the rare singles with the English speaking Sonika, "Suburban Taxi", was released by Alexander Stein and the German label Volume0dB on March 11, 2010.[190]

To celebrate the release of the Vocaloid 3 software, a compilation album titled The Vocaloids was released. The CD contains 18 songs sung by Vocaloids released in Japan and contains a booklet with information about the Vocaloid characters.[191] Porter Robinson used the Vocaloid Avanna for his studio album Worlds.

Yamaha utilized Vocaloid technology to mimic the voice of deceased rock musician hide, who died in 1998, to complete and release his song "Co Gal" in 2014. The musician's actual voice, breathing sounds and other cues were extracted from previously released songs and a demo and combined with the synthesized voice.[192] Kenji Arakawa, a spokesman for Yamaha, said he believes this to be the first time a work by a deceased artist is commercially available and includes the dead person singing lyrics completed after their death.[193]

Legal implications edit

For illustrations of the characters, Crypton Future Media licensed "original illustrations of Hatsune Miku, Kagamine Rin, Kagamine Len, Megurine Luka, Meiko and Kaito" under Creative Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported ("CC BY-NC"), allowing for artists to use the characters in noncommercial adaptations and derivations with attribution.[194][195]

According to Crypton, because professional female singers refused to provide voice samples, in fear that the software might create clones of their singing voices, Crypton changed their focus from imitating certain singers to creating characteristic vocals. This change of focus led to sampling vocals of voice actors and the Japanese voice actor agency Arts Vision supported the development.[196] Similar concerns are expressed throughout the other studios using Vocaloid, with Zero-G refusing to release the names of several of their providers.[197] PowerFX only hinted at Sweet Ann's voice provider, and Oliver's voice provider is still unknown. AH-Software named the voice providers for Miki, Kiyoteru, Yukari, Zunko and Iroha, but for legal reasons cannot name Kaai Yuki's voice provider as a minor was the subject of the recordings.

Any rights or obligations arising from the vocals created by the software belong to the software user. Just like any music synthesizer, the software is treated as a musical instrument and the vocals as sound. Under the term of license, the mascots for the software can be used to create vocals for commercial or non-commercial use as long as the vocals do not offend public policy. In other words, the user is bound under the term of license of the software not to synthesize derogatory or disturbing lyrics. On the other hand, copyrights to the mascot image and name belong to their respective studios. Under the term of license, a user cannot commercially distribute a vocal as a song sung by the character, nor use the mascot image on commercial products, without the consent of the studio who owns them.[198]

Employees working within the studios are bound by legal implications not to repeat any details given to them from Yamaha on Vocaloid development without Yamaha's permission. They are also not allowed to disclose details of upcoming Vocaloids without permission of the Vocaloid studio nor reveal the identity of the singer if the studio does not make it public.

On November 29, 2010, Crypton started an independent music publication for seeking copyright royalties if songs are used for commercial purposes such as karaoke, because Vocaloid users hardly used the copyright collective Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC).[199] Due to the fact songs using the software are made by independent users, the act of plagiarism has remained a highly controversial issue among Vocaloid users and their published works. This has been a heated issue on both illustrative and musical levels with songs and their publishers being targeted by allegations of stealing the works of others.[200] In January 2011, Japanese boyband KAT-TUN were forced to admit plagiarism against their song "Never×Over~「-」Is Your Part~", after the producer of the song admitted it was influenced by the Vocaloid song "DYE" produced by AVTechNO!, fans having expressed their outrage over the similarities of the two songs.[201] However, AVTechNO! also released a statement explaining that the members of the band were not to blame for this incident.[202]

Political use edit

One of the most controversial uses of the legal agreements of any Vocaloid producing studio was from the Democratic Party of Japan, whose running candidate, Kenzo Fujisue, attempted to secure the use of Miku's image in the Japanese House of Councillors election of July 11, 2010. The hope was that the party could use her image to appeal to younger voters. Although Crypton Future Media rejected the party's use of her image or name for political purposes, Fujisue released the song "We Are the One" using her voice but not credited to her on YouTube, by replacing her image with the party's character in the music video.[203]

Reception edit

Despite the success of the software in Japan, overseas customers have been largely reluctant to embrace it. When interviewed by the Vocaloid producing company Zero-G, music producer Robert Hedin described how the software offered creative freedom. He compared it to auto-tuning software, stating the Vocaloid software itself has enough imperfections to present itself as a singer who does not sound human. However, he states that Vocaloid also does not "snap into tune" like auto-tuning software, which the music industry seems to favor these days.[204] Giuseppe, who had produced demo songs for both Zero-G and PowerFX Vocaloids, and is aided in the production of Spanish-based Vocaloids, had noted that each Vocaloid package worked the same way. However, each vocal has its own unique personality to it, so choosing one vocal over another is not easy. He hoped that the Vocaloid software will continue to progress forward so long as its userbase continues to push it forward. He also noted that the software's slow start and its early bad reputation was the hardest part for the software to overcome regarding its success, and like any commercial product, a decrease in sales would result in a decrease in development. However, focus had switched from focusing on the vocals to focusing on the boxart character mascot itself at this point.[205]

The CEO of Crypton Future Media noted the lack of interest in Vocaloids overall was put down to the lack of response in the initial Vocaloid software. With regard to the development of the English version of the software specifically, many studios when approached by Crypton Future Media for recommendations towards developing the English Vocaloids had no interest in the software initially, with one particular company representative calling it a "toy". A level of failure was put on Leon and Lola for lack of sales in the United States, putting the blame on their British accents.[196] Crypton praised the value of the English Vocaloids and what they offered to the Japanese users for their capability of offering the English language to them, when it would otherwise be off limits. As Hatsune Miku was responsible for making the software famous, her voice has become the most commonly associated with the Vocaloid software and divides opinions of critics both overseas and within Japan on their opinions towards her and the software.[206][207] Crypton blamed a fear of robots on part of the lack of response on the sale of the software overseas and expressed that there was also a general "anti-Vocaloid" point of view amongst some cultures and communities, although he also noted that he hoped in the future this would change as the software continued to be developed.[208] Prior to the release of the Hatsune Miku product, Crypton Future Media had also noted there was some criticism at choosing to release the original Vocaloid engine as a commercial licensing product, although felt that the choice was for the better of the engine. Furthermore, it was noted that the original Vocaloid engine felt more like a prototype for future engine versions.[209]

Even with the lack of success for the English version of the software in the United States, Crypton Future Media reported that about half of music downloads at the iTunes Store for songs of Crypton's label KarenT, published by Japanese producers, have been from overseas purchases, with sales from American consumers making up the majority of percentages of overseas sales.[210] Despite experiencing good sales in Europe, it was reported the software is failing to attract a satisfactory level of attention, and software developers are now setting their sights on trying to overturn the lack of interest in the software in Europe.[211]

Hatsune Miku picked up second place in a 2010 Japanese Yahoo! poll on Japanese gamers' favorite characters, owed to her starring role in Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA 2nd.[212] CNN's website CNNGo declared Hatsune Miku as one of Japan's best in their "Tokyo best and worst of 2010", listing her as the "Best new virtual singer for the otaku generation".[213] Clash magazine labeled Hatsune Miku and the Vocaloid software as the future of music.[214]

Vocaloid was sold as a product for professional musicians, and although there were many producers using the software within Japan by 2011, a report was released detailing the true reflections of the Vocaloid craze. It was conducted independently by fans of the Vocaloid software and detailed the popularity of certain Vocaloids over others. Most Vocaloid related videos struggled to get over 5,000 views and the most popular producers gaining the most interest over lesser popular producers. In order of the most video uploads were Hatsune Miku (first), Kagamine Rin (second), Gumi (third), Megurine Luka (fourth), Kagamine Len (fifth) and Kaito (sixth) had the most videos uploaded related to them, while all other Vocaloids had less than 1,000 uploads related to them. This was not true for all the calculations they ran to determine the popularity, including average and mean views and mylists. In the end, only Gumi and the Kagamine software packages managed to stay on the top six lists of all their calculations, with popular Vocaloid Hatsune Miku failing to make it on the mean average top six list calculations for the study period.[215] In 2013, it was estimated that about 30% of all videos updated each month on Niconico were Vocaloid related.[216]

Despite its growing popularity as a franchise, by December 2015, Vocaloid was still struggling to make an impact in the west; Hatsune Miku also did not make as much of an impact. Concerns were mostly focused on Vocaloid itself at this point. It was also reported that more Japanese companies were growing protective of their properties, with Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA X, which was released at the time, being the center of one such conflict of copyright interest. The market for such games was described as a "niche audience in the west".[217]

See also edit

References edit

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Bibliography edit

Technologies
  • Bonada, Jordi; et al. (2001). "Singing voice synthesis combining Excitation plus Resonance and Sinusoidal plus Residual Models" (PDF). Proc. Of ICMC. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.18.6258.
  • Bonada, Jordi; Loscos, Alex (2003). "Sample-based singing voice synthesizer by spectral concatenation". Proc. of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference (SMAC) 03: 439–442.
  • Kenmochi, Hideki; Ohshima, Hayato. (PDF). Interspeech 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  • "Interview of Hideki Kenmochi". DTM magazine (January 2008 Special ed. The Vocaloid CV01 Hatsune Miku) (in Japanese). Vol. 15, no. 2. Terajima Joho Kikaku. January 2008. pp. 36–39. ASIN B000YKXQTI.
  • Kenmochi, Hideki; Ohshima, Hayato (February 8, 2008). "Singing synthesis system "Vocaloid" Current situation and todo lists" (PDF). IPSJ SIG Notes (in Japanese). SIG Music and Computer (SIGMUS), Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ). 2008 (12): 51–56. ISSN 0919-6072. 2008-MUS-74-(9).[permanent dead link]
  • Kenmochi, Hideki (March 2008). "第III章 歌唱合成システムVOCALOIDと初音ミク [Part 3. Singing Synthesis System VOCALOID and Hatsune MIKU]" (PDF). デジタルコンテンツの知的財産権に関する調査研究：進化するコンテンツビジネスモデルとその収益性・合法性—VOCALOID2、初音ミク、ユーザ、UGMサイト、権利者—報告書 [The Research and Study about the Intellectual Property Rights of the Digital Contents: Developing Content Business Models and these Profitabilities and Legalities—Vocaloid 2, Hatsune Miku, Users, UGM Sites and Rightful Claimants—The Report] (in Japanese). Digital Content Association of Japan (DCAJ). pp. 33–50. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
  • Kenmochi, Hideki (May 25, 2008). "Singing Synthesis: VOCALOID and its Technologies". Journal of the Human Interface Society (in Japanese). 10 (2): 161–164. ISSN 1344-7254.
  • Kenmochi, Hideki; Fujimoto, Ken (2014). ボーカロイド技術論: 歌声合成の基礎とその仕組み [Vocaloid Technological Theory - Foundation and mechanism of singing voice synthesis]. Tokyo: Yamaha Music Media. ISBN 978-4-636-89996-2.
  • Michel, Patrick St. (November 11, 2014). "The Making of Vocaloid". Red Bull Music Academy. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
Derivative products
  • Ameya/Ayame (2008). "歌声合成ツールUTAU" [Vocal Synthesis Tool UTAU] (in Japanese). Vocal Synthesis Tool UTAU. Retrieved 2010-07-09.
  • Higuchi, Masaru (Yu) (February 24, 2008). "MikuMikuDance". Vocaloid Promotion Video Project (powered by GeoCities). Retrieved 2010-07-09.
  • Nakano, Tomoyasu; Goto, Masataka (July 6, 2009). "VocaListener: A Singing-to-Singing Synthesis System Based on Iterative Parameter Estimation". Retrieved 2011-07-27.
    • Nakano, Tomoyasu; Goto, Masataka (2008). "VocaListener（ぼかりす）: ユーザ歌唱の歌い方を真似る歌声合成パラメータを自動推定するシステム" [VocaListener (Bokarisu): A system for automatic parameter estimation of the singing voice synthesis, for imitating the user's singing style] (in Japanese). Retrieved 2010-07-09.

Further reading edit

  • Kenmochi, Hideki (August 2009). "Singing Synthesis and its Application (<Special Feature>Frontiers of Music Information Processing Technologies)". IPSJ Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 50, no. 8. Japan: Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ). pp. 723–728. ISSN 0447-8053.
  • "DTM MAGAZINE 音楽情報処理最前線!" [Frontiers of Music Information Processing! on DTM magazine] (archive) (in Japanese). Terajima Joho Kikaku / IPSJ SIG Music and Computer (SIGMUS).
  • Nakano, Tomoyasu; Goto, Masataka (August 2008). "音楽情報処理最前線!VOCALOIDに歌を真似させるVocaListener" [Frontiers of Music Information Processing! VocaListener to make the Vocaloid imitate a given song] (PDF). DTM magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 15, no. 9. Terajima Joho Kikaku. pp. 72–73. ASIN B001B7MJR8.
Feature article
  • Santos, Carlo (July 15, 2011). "The World Is Hers: How Hatsune Miku Is Changing Everything". feature article. Anime News Network.
  • Whiteley, Sheila; Rambarran, Shara, eds. (February 11, 2016). "Vocaloids, Holograms, and Virtual Pop Stars". The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality. Oxford University Press. pp. 97–166. ISBN 978-0-19-932128-5.
Review
  • Santos, Carlo (May 14, 2013). "Mikunopolis in Los Angeles Blu-Ray" (review). Anime News Network.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vocaloids.
  • Official website
  • Vocaloid Wiki
  • Y2 Project (in Japanese)

February 16, 2024
vocaloid, confused, with, focaloid, this, article, about, software, whole, first, edition, software, ボーカロイド, bōkaroido, singing, voice, synthesizer, software, product, signal, processing, part, developed, through, joint, research, project, between, yamaha, cor. Not to be confused with Focaloid This article is about the software as a whole For the first edition see Vocaloid software Vocaloid ボーカロイド Bōkaroido is a singing voice synthesizer software product Its signal processing part was developed through a joint research project between Yamaha Corporation and the Music Technology Group in Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona 1 The software was ultimately developed into the commercial product Vocaloid that was released in 2004 2 3 VocaloidInterface of Vocaloid 5Developer s Yamaha CorporationInitial releaseJanuary 15 2004 20 years ago 2004 01 15 Stable releaseVocaloid 6 October 13 2022 16 months ago 2022 10 13 Operating systemMicrosoft WindowsmacOSiOS Mobile Vocaloid Editor Japan only Available inJapanese English Korean Spanish Chinese CatalanTypeVoice Synthesizer SoftwareLicenseProprietaryWebsitewww wbr vocaloid wbr com wbr en wbr The software enables users to synthesize singing by typing in lyrics and melody and also speech by typing in the script of the required words It uses synthesizing technology with specially recorded vocals of voice actors or singers To create a song the user must input the melody and lyrics A piano roll type interface is used to input the melody and the lyrics can be entered on each note The software can change the stress of the pronunciations add effects such as vibrato or change the dynamics and tone of the voice Various voice banks have been released for use with the Vocaloid synthesizer technology 4 Each is sold as a singer in a box designed to act as a replacement for an actual singer 5 As such they are released under a moe anthropomorphism These avatars are also referred to as Vocaloids and are often marketed as virtual idols some have gone on to perform at live concerts as an on stage projection 6 The software was originally only available in English starting with the first Vocaloids Leon Lola and Miriam by Zero G and Japanese with Meiko and Kaito made by Yamaha and sold by Crypton Future Media Vocaloid 3 has added support for Spanish for the Vocaloids Bruno Clara and Maika Chinese for Luo Tianyi Yuezheng Ling Xin Hua and Yanhe and Korean for SeeU The software is intended for professional musicians as well as casual computer music users 7 Japanese musical groups such as Livetune of Toy s Factory and Supercell of Sony Music Entertainment Japan have released their songs featuring Vocaloid as vocals Japanese record label Exit Tunes of Quake Inc also have released compilation albums featuring Vocaloids 8 9 Contents 1 Technology 1 1 System architecture 1 1 1 Score Editor 1 1 2 Singer Library 1 1 3 Synthesis Engine 2 Software history 2 1 Vocaloid 2 2 Vocaloid 2 2 3 Vocaloid 3 2 4 Vocaloid 4 2 5 Vocaloid 5 2 6 Vocaloid 6 3 Derivative products 3 1 Software 3 2 Hardware 4 Marketing 4 1 Promotional events 5 Cultural impact 5 1 Music 6 Legal implications 6 1 Political use 7 Reception 8 See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 Further reading 12 External linksTechnology edit nbsp Voice model developed before the Vocaloid Excitation plus Resonances EpR model 10 is a combination of Spectral Modeling Synthesis SMS Source Filter model The model was developed in 2001 as a source filter model for voice synthesis 11 but was only implemented on top of the concatenative synthesis model in the final product citation needed as a method of avoiding spectral shape discontinuities at the segment boundaries of concatenation 12 based on Fig 1 on Bonada et al 2001 Vocaloid s singing synthesis ja technology is generally categorized into the concatenative synthesis 13 14 in the frequency domain which splices and processes the vocal fragments extracted from human singing voices in the forms of time frequency representation The Vocaloid system can produce the realistic voices by adding vocal expressions like the vibrato on the score information 15 Initially Vocaloid s synthesis technology was called Frequency domain Singing Articulation Splicing and Shaping 周波数ドメイン歌唱アーティキュレーション接続法 Shuhasu domein kashō atikyureshon setsuzoku hō on the release of Vocaloid in 2004 16 although this name is no longer used since the release of Vocaloid 2 in 2007 17 Singing Articulation is explained as vocal expressions such as vibrato and vocal fragments necessary for singing The Vocaloid and Vocaloid 2 synthesis engines are designed for singing not reading text aloud 18 though software such as Vocaloid flex and Voiceroid have been developed for that They cannot naturally replicate singing expressions like hoarse voices or shouts 19 System architecture edit nbsp Vocaloid system diagram based on Fig 1 on Kenmochi Ohshima amp Interspeech 2007 The main parts of the Vocaloid 2 system are the Score Editor Vocaloid 2 Editor the Singer Library and the Synthesis Engine The Synthesis Engine receives score information from the Score Editor selects appropriate samples from the Singer Library and concatenates them to output synthesized voices 3 There is basically no difference in the Score Editor and the Synthesis Engine provided by Yamaha among different Vocaloid 2 products If a Vocaloid 2 product is already installed the user can enable another Vocaloid 2 product by adding its library The system supports three languages Japanese Korean and English although other languages may be optional in the future 2 It works standalone playback and export to WAV and as a ReWire application or a Virtual Studio Technology instrument VSTi accessible from a digital audio workstation DAW Score Editor edit nbsp Score Editor example source source track track track Song example Sakura Sakura The Score Editor is a piano roll style editor to input notes lyrics and some expressions When entering lyrics the editor automatically converts them into Vocaloid phonetic symbols using the built in pronunciation dictionary 3 The user can directly edit the phonetic symbols of unregistered words 14 The Score Editor offers various parameters to add expressions to singing voices The user is supposed to optimize these parameters that best fit the synthesized tune when creating voices 13 This editor supports ReWire and can be synchronized with DAW Real time playback of songs with predefined lyrics using a MIDI keyboard is also supported 3 Singer Library edit Each Vocaloid license develops the Singer Library or a database of vocal fragments sampled from real people The database must have all possible combinations of phonemes of the target language including diphones a chain of two different phonemes and sustained vowels as well as polyphones with more than two phonemes if necessary 3 For example the voice corresponding to the word sing sIN can be synthesized by concatenating the sequence of diphones s s I I N N indicating a voiceless phoneme with the sustained vowel i 18 The Vocaloid system changes the pitch of these fragments so that it fits the melody In order to get more natural sounds three or four different pitch ranges are required to be stored into the library 20 21 Japanese requires 500 diphones per pitch whereas English requires 2 500 18 Japanese has fewer diphones because it has fewer phonemes and most syllabic sounds are open syllables ending in a vowel In Japanese there are basically three patterns of diphones containing a consonant voiceless consonant vowel consonant and consonant vowel On the other hand English has many closed syllables ending in a consonant and consonant consonant and consonant voiceless diphones as well Thus more diphones need to be recorded into an English library than into a Japanese one Due to this linguistic difference a Japanese library is not suitable for singing in eloquent English citation needed Synthesis Engine edit nbsp Vocaloid Synthesis Engine 22 The Synthesis Engine receives score information contained in dedicated MIDI messages called Vocaloid MIDI sent by the Score Editor adjusts pitch and timbre of the selected samples in frequency domain and splices them to synthesize singing voices 3 When Vocaloid runs as VSTi accessible from DAW the bundled VST plug in bypasses the Score Editor and directly sends these messages to the Synthesis Engine 14 Pitch conversion Since the samples are recorded in different pitches pitch conversion is required when concatenating the samples 3 The engine calculates a desired pitch from the notes attack time and vibrato parameters and then selects the necessary samples from the library 14 Timing adjustment In singing voices the consonant onset of a syllable is uttered before the vowel onset is uttered The starting position of a note Note On must be the same as that of the vowel onset not the start of the syllable Vocaloid keeps the synthesized score in memory to adjust sample timing so that the vowel onset should be strictly on the Note On position 14 No timing adjustment would result in delay Sample Concatenation nbsp Spectral envelope interpolation between samples nbsp Spectral Peak Processing SPP for timbre manipulation based on Fig 3 on Bonada amp Loscos 2003 When concatenating the processed samples discontinuities are reduced by spreading the phase between samples via phase correction and estimating spectral shape using a source filter model called the Excitation plus Resonances EpR model 3 Timbre manipulation The engine smooths the timbre around the junction of the samples The timbre of a sustained vowel is generated by interpolating spectral envelopes of the surrounding samples For example when concatenating a sequence of diphones s e e e t of the English word set the spectral envelope of a sustained e at each frame is generated by interpolating e in the end of s e and e in the beginning of e t 3 Transforms After pitch conversion and timbre manipulation the engine does transforms such as Inverse Fast Fourier transform IFFT to output synthesized voices 3 Software history editSee also List of Vocaloid products nbsp Screenshot of the software interface for Vocaloid source source track track track Freely Tomorrow by Mitchie MA song with vocals provided by the Vocaloid character Hatsune Miku Vocaloid edit Main article Vocaloid software Yamaha started development of Vocaloid in March 2000 18 and announced it for the first time at the German fair Musikmesse on March 5 9 2003 23 It was created under the name Daisy in reference to the song Daisy Bell but for copyright reasons this name was dropped in favor of Vocaloid 24 Vocaloid 2 edit Main article Vocaloid 2 Vocaloid 2 was announced in 2007 Unlike the first engine Vocaloid 2 based its results on vocal samples rather than analysis of the human voice 25 The synthesis engine and the user interface were completely revamped with Japanese Vocaloids possessing a Japanese interface 13 Vocaloid 3 edit Main article Vocaloid 3 Vocaloid 3 launched on October 21 2011 along with several products in Japanese the first of its kind Several studios updated their Vocaloid 2 products for use with the new engine with improved voice samples 26 Vocaloid 4 edit Main article Vocaloid 4 In October 2014 the first product confirmed for the Vocaloid 4 engine was the English vocal Ruby whose release was delayed so she could be released on the newer engine In 2015 several V4 versions of Vocaloids were released 27 The Vocaloid 5 engine was then announced soon afterwards Vocaloid 5 edit Main article Vocaloid 5 Vocaloid 5 was released on July 12 2018 28 with an overhauled user interface and substantial engine improvements The product is only available as a bundle the standard version includes four voices and the premium version includes eight 29 This is the first time since Vocaloid 2 that a Vocaloid engine has been sold with vocals as they were previously sold separately starting with Vocaloid 3 Vocaloid 6 edit Vocaloid 6 was released on October 13 2022 with support for previous voices from Vocaloid 3 and later and a new line of Vocaloid voices on their own engine within Vocaloid 6 known as Vocaloid AI The product is only sold as a bundle and the standard version includes the 4 voices included with Vocaloid 5 as well as 4 new voices from the Vocaloid AI line Vocaloid 6 s AI voicebanks support English and Japanese by default though Yamaha announced they intended to add support for Chinese Vocaloid 6 also includes a feature where a user can import audio of themselves singing and have Vocaloid AI recreate that audio with one of its vocals 30 Derivative products editSoftware edit nbsp HRP 4C cosplaying as Gumi a mascot of Megpoid at CEATEC JAPAN 2009Vocaloid flex Yamaha developed Vocaloid flex a singing software application based on the Vocaloid engine which contains a speech synthesizer According to the official announcement users can edit its phonological system more delicately than those of other Vocaloid series to get closer to the actual speech language for example it enables final devoicing unvoicing vowel sounds or weakening strengthening consonant sounds 31 It was used in a video game Metal Gear Solid Peace Walker released on April 28 2010 It is still a corporate product and a consumer version has not been announced 32 This software was also used for the robot model HRP 4C at CEATEC Japan 2009 33 Gachapoid has access to this engine and it is used through the software V Talk 34 VocaListener Another Vocaloid tool that was developed was VocaListener a software package that allows for realistic Vocaloid songs to be produced by analyzing an audio recording of a singing performance a cappella and imitating it to generate Vocaloid singing parameters automatically 35 MikuMikuDanceSee also MikuMikuDance To aid in the production of 3D Vocaloid animations the program MikuMikuDance was developed This freeware allowed a boom in the birth of fan made and derivative characters as well as a boost in the promotions of Vocaloid songs 36 MikuMikuDance s developer went on a hiatus in May 2011 initially announced as a retirement from development 37 but started updating the software again in June 2013 NetVocaloid NetVocaloid was an online vocal synthesis service Users could synthesize singing voices on a device connected to the Internet by executing the Vocaloid engine on the server This service could be used even if the user did not own the Vocaloid software The service was available in both English and Japanese 38 However as of April 2012 the service was no longer being offered on Yamaha s website MMDAgent MMDAgent is a software developed by the International Voice Engineering Institute in the Nagoya Institute of Technology 39 and the Alpha version was released on December 25 2010 40 This particular software allows users to interact with 3D models of the Vocaloid mascots The software is made from 3D models and sound files that have already been made available on the internet and will be disputed as freeware for that reason 41 Vocaloid Editor for CubaseSee also Vocaloid Editor for Cubase This particular version of Vocaloid is built solely for Cubase It features no additional voices but will use any voice from Vocaloid 2 and Vocaloid 3 and acts as a plugin for the Cubase software The result is that this version is compatible with most functions of Cubase 6 5 and can use its tools such as buses filters and mixers without worrying about complications 42 Vocaloid b STUDIO b STUDIO is described by Yamaha as an open beta to encourage producers to seek the future of singing voice synthesis It is a limited service software with service planned to end March 31st 2024 43 The software uses AI capability to enhance the quality and ease of use of software for users The first voicebanks announced were ports of the UTAU voicebanks Gekiyaku and Kazehiki VocaloWitterVocaloWitter nbsp screenshot of Aoki Lapis vers Developer s Yamaha CorporationAvailable inJapaneseTypeVoice Synthesizer SoftwareLicenseProprietaryWebsitewww wbr vocaloid wbr com nbsp Originally introduced as i Vocaloid this is a mobile app version of the Vocaloid software with Vocaloid2 technology and was released for the iPhone Yamaha announced a version of the Vocaloid software for the iPhone and iPad which exhibited at the Y2 Autumn 2010 Digital Content Expo in Japan 44 45 VocaloWitter productsVY1 a Japanese feminine vocal This was first announced in December 2010 VY1 was released in an adapted version of the Vocaloid software iVOCALOID for the iPad and iPhone as VY1t 46 VY2 a Japanese masculine vocal was due for release VY2 s version would have adjusted the VY1 version for compatibility and performance reasons However it has never been released 47 Aoki Lapis was added to this software in December 2012 This is a Japanese female vocal 48 This particular version of the VocaloWitter app took first place out of all paid for apps on the iTunes store on 11 September 2013 49 iVocaloidiVocaloid nbsp iPhone and iPad vers with VY1t loadedAvailable inJapaneseTypeVoice synthesizer AppsLicenseProprietaryWebsitehttps www vocaloid com mveditor This was a more advanced version of the VocaloWitter app and was for the iPhone and iPad it was based on the Vocaloid2 and Vocaloid3 engine It was originally released alongside the iOS version of Vocaloid called i Vocaloid later renamed VocaloWitter and was released using a version of the Vocaloid 2 software It contains many of the same functions as Vocaloid 2 software although some functions are absent It was released at a much lower price than the full Vocaloid 2 software offering a cheap alternative to buying the PC version However it is only available in Japanese and requires a Japanese chip to install In August 2014 it was upgraded enabling users to download the update The update allowed access to the Vocaloid Net Cloud storage service For the first time users could exchange VSQX files with Vocaloid 3 or the Vocaloid 3 Neo version Using Vocaloid Net gave users free access to a standard song writing service for the first time 50 iVocaloid productsVY1 A feminine vocal released for the software This was the first vocal sold 51 VY2 In October 2011 VY2 was made available this is a masculine vocal 52 Aoki Lapis Lapis was added in November 2012 she is a female vocal 53 Merli Merli was added August 2014 she is a female vocal 54 Unity with Vocaloid Originally introduced under the name Vocaloid for Unity this is a version of the Vocaloid engine for the Unity game engine Mobile Vocaloid EditorMobile Vocaloid Editor nbsp iPad and iPhone versions of the softwareDeveloper s Yamaha CorporationAvailable inJapanese EnglishTypeVocal Synthesizer AppsLicenseProprietaryWebsitehttps www vocaloid com mveditor Mobile Vocaloid Editor is an iPad and iPhone version of the Vocaloid 4 engine It comes with VY1 Lite as standard and demo songs are bundled with the app The app offers DYN PIT and VIB and handles 16 tracks of data It can do 999 bars of music but in comparison to the full Vocaloid 4 editor cannot do growl or cross synthesis 55 56 The input entries of the app differ from the normal Vocaloid 4 method of importing data Most functions can be used with one or two fingers and it is possible to draw parameter lines with a single finger Compared also to iVocaloid it can achieve the full C2 G8 range of notes Despite the inclusion of English vocals it currently has no English interface and is sold only in Japan Mobile Vocaloid Editor productsThe following products are able to be purchased VY1 The full version of the Japanese feminine VY1 vocal ZOLA Project Yuu Wil and Kyo are 3 male vocals each are sold separately Aoki Lapis Japanese female vocal Merli Japanese female vocal Mew Japanese female vocal Galaco Japanese female vocal she comes with two versions red and blue both are sold separately Cyber Diva English female vocal Yuzuki Yukari 57 Japanese female vocal has 3 versions Jun Onn and Lin which are each sold separately Sachiko Japanese female vocal Megpoid 58 Female vocal has two vocals Native which is a Japanese vocal and English both are sold separately Unity Chan Japanese female vocal 59 Hardware edit Vocaloid Board Vocaloid is set to become a hardware version called Vocaloid Board 60 eVocaloidSee also List of Vocaloid products eVocaloid This is a LSI sound generator that uses the voice of VY1 version dubbed eVY1 and can be used for mobile devices and unlike the software version of Vocaloid works in real time computing 61 One such device confirmed to contain an eVocaloid chip is the Pocket Miku device 62 Vocaloid KeyboardMain article Vocaloid Keyboard This is a keytar which has Vocaloid voices loaded into it Anizon VOCALOOPMain article Anizon VOCALOOPMarketing editThough developed by Yamaha the marketing of each Vocaloid is left to the respective studios Yamaha themselves do maintain a degree of promotional efforts in the actual Vocaloid software as seen when the humanoid robot model HRP 4C of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST was set up to react to three Vocaloids Hatsune Miku Megpoid and Crypton s noncommercial Vocaloid software CV 4Cb as part of promotions for both Yamaha and AIST at CEATEC in 2009 63 64 The prototype voice CV 4Cb was created by sampling a Japanese voice actress Eriko Nakamura 65 Japanese magazines such as DTM magazine are responsible for the promotion and introduction for many of the Japanese Vocaloids to Japanese Vocaloid fans It has featured Vocaloids such as Hatsune Miku Kagamine Rin and Len and Megurine Luka printing some sketches by artist Kei Garou and reporting the latest Vocaloid news Thirty day trial versions of Miriam Lily and Iroha have also contributed to the marketing success of those particular voices After the success of SF A2 Miki s CD album other Vocaloids such as VY1 and Iroha have also used promotional CDs as a marketing approach to selling their software When Amazon MP3 in Japan opened on November 9 2010 Vocaloid albums were featured as its free of charge contents 66 67 Crypton has been involved with the marketing of their Character Vocal Series particularly Hatsune Miku has been actively involved in the GT300 class of the Super GT since 2008 with the support of Good Smile Racing a branch of Good Smile Company mainly in charge of car related products especially itasha cars featuring illustrations of anime styled characters stickers Although Good Smile Company was not the first to bring the anime and manga culture to Super GT it departs from others by featuring itasha directly rather than colorings onto vehicles Since the 2008 season three different teams received their sponsorship under Good Smile Racing and turned their cars to Vocaloid related artwork Studie which participated in the 2008 and 2009 seasons with BMW Z4 E86 and BMW Z4 GT3 in the 2011 season 68 Their car was painted in official Hatsune Miku art in 2008 season but started using fan derivative versions of Hatsune Miku in some races since the 2009 season 69 70 The team was crowned as 2011 Super GT season GT300 Champion by winning in three out of eight rounds Sepang Fuji 250km as well as Motegi which are all from pole to checkered flag Team MOLA using a Nissan Fairlady Z and they received sponsors on the final race in Fuji in the 2008 season Images of Kagamine Rin and Len was added on their original colorings The Fuji round in fact is the first FIA race to feature two unique itasha cars competing in a single race 71 72 Team COX participating in the 2010 season which used a Porsche 996 GT3 RSR and a Porsche 997 GT3 R Their car used Racing Miku an official Hatsune Miku derivative wearing an orange race queen suit as their image As well as involvements with the GT series Crypton also established the website Piapro 73 A number of games starting from Hatsune Miku Project DIVA were produced by Sega under license using Hatsune Miku and other Crypton Vocaloids as well as fan made Vocaloids Later a mobile phone game called Hatsune Miku Vocalo x Live was produced by Japanese mobile social gaming website Gree 74 TinierMe Gacha also made attire that looks like Miku for their services allowing users to make their avatar resemble the Crypton Vocaloids 75 76 Two unofficial manga were also produced for the series Maker Unofficial Hatsune Mix being the most well known of the two which was released by Jive in their Comic Rush magazine this series is drawn by Vocaloid artist Kei Garou The series features the Crypton Vocaloids in various scenarios a different one each week The series focuses on the Crypton Vocaloids although Internet Co Ltd s Gackpoid Vocaloid makes a guest appearance in two chapters The series also saw guest cameos of Vocaloid variants such as Hachune Miku Yowane Haku Akita Neru and the Utauloid Kasane Teto The series comprises the original 28 chapters serialized in Comic Rush and a collection of the first 10 chapters in a single tankōbon volume 77 A manga was produced for Lily by Kei Garou who also drew the mascot 78 79 An anime music video titled Schwarzgazer which shows the world where Lily is 80 was produced and it was released with the album anim o v e 02 however the song is sung by Move not by Vocaloids A yonkoma manga based on Hatsune Miku and drawn by Kentaro Hayashi Shukan Hajimete no Hatsune Miku began serialization in Weekly Young Jump on September 2 2010 81 Hatsune Miku appeared in Weekly Playboy magazine 82 However Crypton Future Media confirmed they will not be producing an anime based on their Vocaloids as it would limit the creativity of their user base preferring to let their user base to have freedom to create PV s without restrictions 83 Initially Crypton Future Media were the only studio that was allowed the license of figurines to be produced for their Vocaloids A number of figurines and plush dolls were also released under license to Max Factory and the Good Smile Company of Crypton s Vocaloids Among these figures were also Figma models of the entire Character Vocal Series mascots as well as Nendoroid figures of various Crypton Vocaloids and variants Pullip versions of Hatsune Miku Kagamine Len and Rin have also been produced for release in April 2011 other Vocaloid dolls have since been announced from the Pullip doll line 84 85 As part of promotions for Vocaloid Lily license for a figurine was given to Phat Company and Lily became the first non Crypton Vocaloid to receive a figurine 86 With regard to the English Vocaloid studios Power FX s Sweet Ann was given her own MySpace page and Sonika her own Twitter account In comparison to Japanese studios Zero G and PowerFX maintain a high level of contact with their fans Zero G in particular encourages fan feed back and after adopting Sonika as a mascot for their studio has run two competitions related to her 87 88 There was also talk from PowerFX of redoing their Sweet Ann box art and a competition would be included as part of the redesign 89 The Vocaloid Lily also had a competition held during her trial period 90 English Vocaloids have not sold enough to warrant extras such as seen with Crypton s Miku Append However it has been confirmed if the English Vocaloids become more popular then Appends would be an option in the future Crypton plans to start an electronic magazine for English readers at the end of 2010 in order to encourage the growth of the English Vocaloid fanbase Extracts of PowerFX s Sweet Ann and Big Al were included in Soundation Studio in their Christmas loops and sound release with a competition included 91 Crypton and Toyota began working together to promote the launch of the 2011 Toyota Corolla using Hatsune Miku to promote the car The launch of the car also marked the start of Miku s debut in the US alongside it 92 Crypton had always sold Hatsune Miku as a virtual instrument but they decided to ask their own fanbase in Japan if it was okay with them to market her to the United States as a virtual singer instead 93 Promotional events edit The largest promotional event for Vocaloids is The Voc loid M ster Vom s convention held four times a year in Tokyo or the neighboring Kanagawa Prefecture The event brings producers and illustrators involved with the production of Vocaloid art and music together so they can sell their work to others The original event was held in 2007 with 48 groups or circles given permission to host stalls at the event for the selling of their goods The event soon gained popularity and at the 14th event nearly 500 groups had been chosen to have stalls Additionally Japanese companies involved with production of the software also have stalls at the events 94 95 The very first live concert related to Vocaloid was held in 2004 with the Vocaloid Miriam in Russia 96 Vocaloids have also been promoted at events such as the NAMM show and the Musikmesse fair In fact it was the promotion of Zero G s Lola and Leon at the NAMM trade show that would later introduce PowerFX to the Vocaloid program 89 These events have also become an opportunity for announcing new Vocaloids with Prima being announced at the NAMM event in 2007 and Tonio having been announced at the NAMM event in 2009 97 A customized Chinese version of Sonika was released at the Fancy Frontier Develop Animation Festival as well as with promotional versions with stickers and posters Sanrio held a booth at Comiket 78 featuring the voice of an unreleased Vocaloid AH Software in cooperation with Sanrio shared a booth and the event was used to advertise both the Hello Kitty game and AH Software s new Vocaloid 98 At the Nico Nico Douga Daikaigi 2010 Summer Egao no Chikara event Internet Co Ltd announced their latest Vocaloid Gachapoid based on popular children s character Gachapin Originally Hiroyuki Ito President of Crypton Future Media claimed that Hatsune Miku was not a virtual idol but a kind of the Virtual Studio Technology instrument 99 However Hatsune Miku performed her first live concert like a virtual idol on a projection screen during Animelo Summer Live at the Saitama Super Arena on August 22 2009 100 101 At the MikuFes 09 Summer event on August 31 2009 her image was screened by rear projection on a mostly transparent screen 102 Miku also performed her first overseas live concert on November 21 2009 during Anime Festival Asia AFA in Singapore 103 104 On March 9 2010 Miku s first solo live performance titled Miku no Hi Kanshasai 39 s Giving Day was opened at the Zepp Tokyo in Odaiba Tokyo 105 106 The tour was run as part of promotions for Sega s Hatsune Miku Project Diva video game in March 2010 107 The success and possibility of these tours is owed to the popularity of Hatsune Miku and so far Crypton is the only studio to have established a world tour of their Vocaloids Later the CEO of Crypton Future Media appeared in San Francisco at the start of the San Francisco tour where the first Hatsune Miku concert was hosted in North America on September 18 2010 featuring songs provided by the Miku software voice 108 109 A second screening of the concert was on October 11 2010 in the San Francisco Viz Cinema A screening of the concert was also shown in New York City in the city s anime festival 110 Hiroyuki Ito and planner producer Wataru Sasaki who were responsible for Miku s creation attended an event on October 8 2010 at the festival 111 112 Videos of her performance are due to be released worldwide 113 Megpoid and Gackpoid were also featured in the 2010 King Run Anison Red and White concert This event also used the same projector method to display Megpoid and Gackpoid on a large screen Their appearance at the concert was done as a one time event and both Vocaloids were featured singing a song originally sung by their respective voice provider 114 The next live concert was set for Tokyo on March 9 2011 115 Other events included the Vocarock Festival 2011 on January 11 2011 and the Vocaloid Festa which was held on February 12 2011 116 117 118 The Vocaloid Festa had also hosted a competition officially endorsed by Pixiv with the winner seeing their creation unveiled at Vocafes2 on May 29 2011 119 The first Vocaloid concert in North America was held in Los Angeles on July 2 2011 at the Nokia Theater during Anime Expo the concert was identical to the March 9 2010 event except for a few improvements and new songs 120 Another concert was held in Sapporo on August 16 and 17 2011 Hatsune Miku also had a concert in Singapore on November 11 2011 Since then there have been multiple concerts every year featuring Miku in various concert series such as Magical Mirai and Miku Expo Cultural impact edit nbsp Hatsune Miku is partly responsible for Vocaloid s success The software became very popular in Japan upon the release of Crypton Future Media s Hatsune Miku Vocaloid 2 software and her success has led to the popularity of the Vocaloid software in general 121 Japanese video sharing website Niconico played a fundamental role in the recognition and popularity of the software A user of Hatsune Miku and an illustrator released a much viewed video in which Hachune Miku a super deformed Miku held a Welsh onion Negi in Japanese which resembles a leek and sang the Finnish song Ievan Polkka like the flash animation Loituma Girl on Nico Nico Douga 122 According to Crypton they knew that users of Nico Nico Douga had started posting videos with songs created by the software before Hatsune Miku but the video presented multifarious possibilities of applying the software in multimedia content creation notably the dōjin culture 123 As the recognition and popularity of the software grew Nico Nico Douga became a place for collaborative content creation Popular original songs written by a user would generate illustrations animation in 2D and 3D and remixes by other users Other creators would show their unfinished work and ask for ideas 124 The software has also been used to tell stories using song and verse and the Story of Evil series has become so popular that a manga six books and two theatre works were produced by the series creator 125 126 Another theater production based on Cantarella a song sung by Kaito and produced by Kurousa P was also set to hit the stage and will run Shibuya s Space Zero theater in Tokyo from August 3 to August 7 2011 127 The website has become so influential that studios often post demos on Nico Nico Douga as well as other websites such as YouTube as part of the promotional effort of their Vocaloid products The important role Nico Nico Douga has played in promoting the Vocaloids also sparked interest in the software and Kentaro Miura the artist of Gakupo s mascot design had offered his services for free because of his love for the website 128 In September 2009 three figurines based on the derivative character Hachune Miku were launched in a rocket from the United States state of Nevada s Black Rock Desert though it did not reach outer space 129 130 In late November 2009 a petition was launched in order to get a custom made Hatsune Miku aluminum plate 8 cm x 12 cm 3 1 x 4 7 made that would be used as a balancing weight for the Japanese Venus space probe Akatsuki 131 Started by Hatsune Miku fan Sumio Morioka that goes by chodenzi P this project received the backing of Dr Seiichi Sakamoto of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA 132 The website of the petition written in Japanese was translated into other languages such as English Russian Chinese and Korean and the petition exceeded the needed 10 000 signatures necessary to have the plates made on December 22 2009 133 On May 21 2010 at 06 58 22 JST Akatsuki was launched on the rocket H IIA 202 Flight 17 from the Japanese spaceport Tanegashima Space Center having three plates depicting Hatsune Miku 134 135 The Vocaloid software has also had a great influence on the character Black Rock Shooter which looks like Hatsune Miku but is not linked to her by design The character was made famous by the song Black Rock Shooter 136 and a number of figurines have been made An original video animation made by Ordet was streamed for free as part of a promotional campaign running from June 25 to August 31 2010 137 The virtual idols Meaw have also been released aimed at the Vocaloid culture The twin Thai virtual idols released two singles Meaw Left ver and Meaw Right ver sung in Japanese 138 139 A cafe for one day only was opened in Tokyo based on Hatsune Miku on August 31 2010 140 A second event was arranged for all Japanese Vocaloids 141 Snow Miku was also featured on an event as a part of the 62nd Sapporo Snow Festival in February 2011 142 A Vocaloid themed TV show on the Japanese Vocaloids called Vocalo Revolution began airing on Kyoto Broadcasting System on January 3 2011 143 144 The show is part of a bid to make the Vocaloid culture more widely accepted and features a mascot known as Cul also mascot of the Cul Project 145 The show s first success story is a joint collaboration between Vocalo Revolution and the school fashion line Cecil McBee Music x Fashion x Dance 146 147 Piapro also held a competition with famous fashion brands with the winners seeing their Lolita based designs reproduced for sale by the company Putumayo 148 A radio station set up a 1 hour program containing nothing but Vocaloid based music 149 The Vocaloid software had a great influence on the development of the freeware UTAU 150 Several products were produced for the Macne series Mac音シリーズ for intended use for the programs Reason 4 and GarageBand These products were sold by Act2 and by converting their file format were able to also work with the UTAU program 151 The program Maidloid developed for the character Acme Iku 阿久女イク was also developed which works in a similar way to Vocaloid except produces erotic sounds rather than an actual singing voice 152 Other than Vocaloid AH Software also developed Tsukuyomi Ai and Shouta for the software Voiceroid and the sale of their Vocaloids gave AH Software the chance to promote Voiceroid at the same time The software is aimed for speaking rather than singing Both AH Software s Vocaloids and Voiceroids went on sale on December 4 2009 153 Crypton Future Media has been reported to openly welcome these additional software developments as it expands the market for synthesized voices During the events of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami a number of Vocaloid related donation drives were produced Crypton Future Media joined several other companies in a donation drive with money spent on the sales of music from Crypton Future Media s KarenT label being donated to the Japanese Red Cross 154 In addition a special Nendoroid of Hatsune Miku Nendoroid Hatsune Miku Support ver was announced with a donation of 1 000 yen per sale to the Japanese Red Cross 155 In addition to the donation drives held by Crypton Future Media AH Software created the Voiceroid voicebank Tohoku Zunko to promote the recovery of the Tōhoku region and its culture 156 In 2012 Vocaloid was quoted as one of the contributors to a 10 increase in cosplay related services 157 In 2013 the Vocaloid 3 software Oliver was used as the voice of Cartoon Hangover character PuppyCat from their web series Bee and PuppyCat 158 159 In 2023 a Pokemon collaboration was announced and released Named Project VOLTAGE it consists of art of Hatsune Miku as different Pokemon type trainers The art was drawn by 6 different artists some of which are prominent artists for the Pokemon Trading Card Game After the release of all 18 Pokemon type artworks songs by 4 different producers were released 160 Music edit nbsp Vocaloid Miriam Stockley source source Thingymajigtus The earliest use of Vocaloid related software used prototypes of Kaito and Meiko and were featured on the album History of Logic System by Hideki Matsutake released on July 24 2003 and sang the song Ano Subarashii Ai o Mō Ichido The first album to be released using a full commercial Vocaloid was A Place in the Sun which used Leon s voice for the vocals singing in both Russian and English 161 Miriam has also been featured in two albums Light Shade 162 and Continua 163 Japanese progressive electronic artist Susumu Hirasawa used the Lola Vocaloid in the original soundtrack of Paprika by Satoshi Kon 164 165 The software s biggest asset is its ability to see continued usage even long after its initial release date Leon was featured in the album 32bit Love by Muzehack and Lola in Operator s Manual by anaROBIK both were featured in these albums six years after they were released 166 Even early on in the software s history the music making progress proved to be a valuable asset to the Vocaloid development as it not only opened up the possibilities of how the software may be applied in practice but led to the creation of further Vocaloids to fill in the missing roles the software had yet to cover The album A Place in the Sun was noted to have songs that were designed for a male voice with a rougher timbre than the Vocaloid Leon could provide this later led to the development of Big Al to fulfill this particular role 167 Some of the most popular albums are on the Exit Tunes label featuring the works of Vocaloid producers in Japan One of the Vocaloid compilations Exit Tunes Presents Vocalogenesis feat Hatsune Miku debuted at No 1 on the Japanese weekly Oricon albums chart in May 2010 becoming the first Vocaloid album ever to top the charts 168 The album sold 23 000 copies in its first week and eventually sold 86 000 copies The following released album Exit Tunes Presents Vocalonexus feat Hatsune Miku became the second Vocaloid album to top the weekly charts in January 2011 169 Another album Supercell by the group Supercell 170 also features a number of songs using Vocaloids Upon its release in North America it became ranked as the second highest album on Amazon s bestselling MP3 album in the international category in the United States and topped the store s bestselling chart for world music on iTunes 171 Other albums such as 19 s Sound Factory s First Sound Story 172 and Livetune s Re Repackage and Re Mikus 173 174 also feature Miku s voice Other uses of Miku include the albums Sakura no Ame 桜ノ雨 by Absorb and Miku no Kanzume みくのかんづめ by OSTER project Kagamine Len and Rin s songs were covered by Asami Shimoda in the album Prism credited to Kagamine Rin Len feat Asami Shimoda 175 The compilation album Vocarock Collection 2 feat Hatsune Miku was released by Farm Records on December 15 2010 176 and was later featured on the Cool Japan Music iPhone app in February 2011 177 The record label Balloom became the first label to focus solely on Vocaloid related works and their first release was Unhappy Refrain by the Vocaloid producer Wowaka 178 179 Hatsune Miku s North American debut song World is Mine ranked at No 7 in the iTunes world singles ranking in the week of its release 180 Singer Gackt also challenged Gackpoid users to create a song with the prize being 10 million yen stating if the song was to his liking he would sing and include it in his next album 181 The winning song Episode 0 and runner up song Paranoid Doll were later released by Gackt on July 13 2011 182 In relation to the Good Smiling racing promotions that Crypton Future Media Vocaloids had played part in the album Hatsune Miku GT Project Theme Song Collection was released in August 2011 as part of a collaboration 183 In the month prior to her release SF A2 Miki was featured in the album Vocaloids X mas Shiroi Yoru wa Seijaku o Mamotteru as part of her promotion The album featured the Vocaloid singing Christmas songs 184 Miki was also featured singing the introduction of the game Hello Kitty to Issho Block Crash 123 A young female prototype used for the project if series was used in Sound Horizon s musical work Ido e Itaru Mori e Itaru Ido labeled as the prologue maxi The prototype sang alongside Miku for their music and is known only by the name Junger Marz Prototype b 185 186 For Yamaha s VY1 Vocaloid an album featuring VY1 was created The album was released with the deluxe version of the program It includes various well known producers from Nico Nico Douga and YouTube and includes covers of various popular and well known Vocaloid songs using the VY1 product 187 The first press edition of Nekomura Iroha was released with a CD containing her two sample songs Tsubasa and Abbey Fly and the install disc also contained VSQ files of the two songs for use with her program 188 A number of Vocaloid related music including songs starring Hatsune Miku were featured in the arcade game Music Gun Gun 2 189 One of the rare singles with the English speaking Sonika Suburban Taxi was released by Alexander Stein and the German label Volume0dB on March 11 2010 190 To celebrate the release of the Vocaloid 3 software a compilation album titled The Vocaloids was released The CD contains 18 songs sung by Vocaloids released in Japan and contains a booklet with information about the Vocaloid characters 191 Porter Robinson used the Vocaloid Avanna for his studio album Worlds Yamaha utilized Vocaloid technology to mimic the voice of deceased rock musician hide who died in 1998 to complete and release his song Co Gal in 2014 The musician s actual voice breathing sounds and other cues were extracted from previously released songs and a demo and combined with the synthesized voice 192 Kenji Arakawa a spokesman for Yamaha said he believes this to be the first time a work by a deceased artist is commercially available and includes the dead person singing lyrics completed after their death 193 Legal implications editFor illustrations of the characters Crypton Future Media licensed original illustrations of Hatsune Miku Kagamine Rin Kagamine Len Megurine Luka Meiko and Kaito under Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3 0 Unported CC BY NC allowing for artists to use the characters in noncommercial adaptations and derivations with attribution 194 195 According to Crypton because professional female singers refused to provide voice samples in fear that the software might create clones of their singing voices Crypton changed their focus from imitating certain singers to creating characteristic vocals This change of focus led to sampling vocals of voice actors and the Japanese voice actor agency Arts Vision supported the development 196 Similar concerns are expressed throughout the other studios using Vocaloid with Zero G refusing to release the names of several of their providers 197 PowerFX only hinted at Sweet Ann s voice provider and Oliver s voice provider is still unknown AH Software named the voice providers for Miki Kiyoteru Yukari Zunko and Iroha but for legal reasons cannot name Kaai Yuki s voice provider as a minor was the subject of the recordings Any rights or obligations arising from the vocals created by the software belong to the software user Just like any music synthesizer the software is treated as a musical instrument and the vocals as sound Under the term of license the mascots for the software can be used to create vocals for commercial or non commercial use as long as the vocals do not offend public policy In other words the user is bound under the term of license of the software not to synthesize derogatory or disturbing lyrics On the other hand copyrights to the mascot image and name belong to their respective studios Under the term of license a user cannot commercially distribute a vocal as a song sung by the character nor use the mascot image on commercial products without the consent of the studio who owns them 198 Employees working within the studios are bound by legal implications not to repeat any details given to them from Yamaha on Vocaloid development without Yamaha s permission They are also not allowed to disclose details of upcoming Vocaloids without permission of the Vocaloid studio nor reveal the identity of the singer if the studio does not make it public On November 29 2010 Crypton started an independent music publication for seeking copyright royalties if songs are used for commercial purposes such as karaoke because Vocaloid users hardly used the copyright collective Japanese Society for Rights of Authors Composers and Publishers JASRAC 199 Due to the fact songs using the software are made by independent users the act of plagiarism has remained a highly controversial issue among Vocaloid users and their published works This has been a heated issue on both illustrative and musical levels with songs and their publishers being targeted by allegations of stealing the works of others 200 In January 2011 Japanese boyband KAT TUN were forced to admit plagiarism against their song Never Over Is Your Part after the producer of the song admitted it was influenced by the Vocaloid song DYE produced by AVTechNO fans having expressed their outrage over the similarities of the two songs 201 However AVTechNO also released a statement explaining that the members of the band were not to blame for this incident 202 Political use edit One of the most controversial uses of the legal agreements of any Vocaloid producing studio was from the Democratic Party of Japan whose running candidate Kenzo Fujisue attempted to secure the use of Miku s image in the Japanese House of Councillors election of July 11 2010 The hope was that the party could use her image to appeal to younger voters Although Crypton Future Media rejected the party s use of her image or name for political purposes Fujisue released the song We Are the One using her voice but not credited to her on YouTube by replacing her image with the party s character in the music video 203 Reception editDespite the success of the software in Japan overseas customers have been largely reluctant to embrace it When interviewed by the Vocaloid producing company Zero G music producer Robert Hedin described how the software offered creative freedom He compared it to auto tuning software stating the Vocaloid software itself has enough imperfections to present itself as a singer who does not sound human However he states that Vocaloid also does not snap into tune like auto tuning software which the music industry seems to favor these days 204 Giuseppe who had produced demo songs for both Zero G and PowerFX Vocaloids and is aided in the production of Spanish based Vocaloids had noted that each Vocaloid package worked the same way However each vocal has its own unique personality to it so choosing one vocal over another is not easy He hoped that the Vocaloid software will continue to progress forward so long as its userbase continues to push it forward He also noted that the software s slow start and its early bad reputation was the hardest part for the software to overcome regarding its success and like any commercial product a decrease in sales would result in a decrease in development However focus had switched from focusing on the vocals to focusing on the boxart character mascot itself at this point 205 The CEO of Crypton Future Media noted the lack of interest in Vocaloids overall was put down to the lack of response in the initial Vocaloid software With regard to the development of the English version of the software specifically many studios when approached by Crypton Future Media for recommendations towards developing the English Vocaloids had no interest in the software initially with one particular company representative calling it a toy A level of failure was put on Leon and Lola for lack of sales in the United States putting the blame on their British accents 196 Crypton praised the value of the English Vocaloids and what they offered to the Japanese users for their capability of offering the English language to them when it would otherwise be off limits As Hatsune Miku was responsible for making the software famous her voice has become the most commonly associated with the Vocaloid software and divides opinions of critics both overseas and within Japan on their opinions towards her and the software 206 207 Crypton blamed a fear of robots on part of the lack of response on the sale of the software overseas and expressed that there was also a general anti Vocaloid point of view amongst some cultures and communities although he also noted that he hoped in the future this would change as the software continued to be developed 208 Prior to the release of the Hatsune Miku product Crypton Future Media had also noted there was some criticism at choosing to release the original Vocaloid engine as a commercial licensing product although felt that the choice was for the better of the engine Furthermore it was noted that the original Vocaloid engine felt more like a prototype for future engine versions 209 Even with the lack of success for the English version of the software in the United States Crypton Future Media reported that about half of music downloads at the iTunes Store for songs of Crypton s label KarenT published by Japanese producers have been from overseas purchases with sales from American consumers making up the majority of percentages of overseas sales 210 Despite experiencing good sales in Europe it was reported the software is failing to attract a satisfactory level of attention and software developers are now setting their sights on trying to overturn the lack of interest in the software in Europe 211 Hatsune Miku picked up second place in a 2010 Japanese Yahoo poll on Japanese gamers favorite characters owed to her starring role in Hatsune Miku Project DIVA 2nd 212 CNN s website CNNGo declared Hatsune Miku as one of Japan s best in their Tokyo best and worst of 2010 listing her as the Best new virtual singer for the otaku generation 213 Clash magazine labeled Hatsune Miku and the Vocaloid software as the future of music 214 Vocaloid was sold as a product for professional musicians and although there were many producers using the software within Japan by 2011 a report was released detailing the true reflections of the Vocaloid craze It was conducted independently by fans of the Vocaloid software and detailed the popularity of certain Vocaloids over others Most Vocaloid related videos struggled to get over 5 000 views and the most popular producers gaining the most interest over lesser popular producers In order of the most video uploads were Hatsune Miku first Kagamine Rin second Gumi third Megurine Luka fourth Kagamine Len fifth and Kaito sixth had the most videos uploaded related to them while all other Vocaloids had less than 1 000 uploads related to them This was not true for all the calculations they ran to determine the popularity including average and mean views and mylists In the end only Gumi and the Kagamine software packages managed to stay on the top six lists of all their calculations with popular Vocaloid Hatsune Miku failing to make it on the mean average top six list calculations for the study period 215 In 2013 it was estimated that about 30 of all videos updated each month on Niconico were Vocaloid related 216 Despite its growing popularity as a franchise by December 2015 Vocaloid was still struggling to make an impact in the west Hatsune Miku also did not make as much of an impact Concerns were mostly focused on Vocaloid itself at this point It was also reported that more Japanese companies were growing protective of their properties with Hatsune Miku Project DIVA X which was released at the time being the center of one such conflict of copyright interest The market for such games was described as a niche audience in the west 217 See also edit nbsp Music portalAuto Tune Cantor CeVIO Computer music Dōjin music Hatsune Miku List of Vocaloid products Macne series Kagerou Project Nyan Cat Reol Software synthesizer Speech synthesis UTAU Virtual idol VoiceroidReferences edit Bonada Jordi 2008 Voice Processing and Synthesis by Performance Sampling and Spectral Models PhD thesis Universitat Pompeu Fabra p 225 doi 10 5281 zenodo 3662127 a b Werde Bill November 23 2003 MUSIC Could I Get That Song in Elvis Please The New York Times Retrieved 2010 10 23 a b c d e f g h i j Kenmochi Ohshima amp Interspeech 2007 Voice Bank product list Yamaha Corporation Retrieved 2018 04 08 Hatsune Miku and the Vocaloid Idol Revolution Nerdist Retrieved 2018 04 08 Who or What is Hatsune Miku The Making of a Virtual Pop Star The Shutterstock Blog October 16 2014 Retrieved 2018 04 08 Wilkinson Scott Humanoid or Vocaloid Electronic Musician August 1 2003 Archived from the original on 2004 07 10 Retrieved 2010 07 01 初音ミクなどの人気曲だけを集めた高音質コンピCDが登場 A High Sound Quality Compilation CD Collecting Only Popular Songs such as Hatsune Miku s Appears Dengeki Online in Japanese ASCII Media Works June 12 2009 Retrieved 2011 01 22 初音ミクCD 週間ランキングでも初のオリコン1位に Hatsune Miku CD Scores the First Oricon Number One on the Weekly Ranking in Japanese ITmedia Inc May 25 2010 Retrieved 2011 01 22 Kenmochi amp Fujimoto 2014 On the later version of Vocaloid engine the unvoiced block of EpR model were merged to the voiced blocks to equalize the inter phonemes difference of sound quality Bonada et al 2001 Bonada amp Loscos 2003 In order to avoid spectral shape discontinuities at the segment boundaries we make use of the EpR model a b c DTM magazine amp January 2008 Special ed p 39 a b c d e Kenmochi Ohshima amp SIGMUS 2008 VOCALOIDについて Concerning Vocaloid in Japanese Yamaha Corporation Archived from the original on 2011 08 26 Retrieved 2011 01 09 VOCALOID歌唱合成の流れ さらに楽譜情報に歌声に必要な表情情報 ビブラートなど を入れることにより よりリアルな歌声を作ることができます 歌詞とメロディを入力すると歌い出す ヤマハが歌声合成ソフト開発 Input Lyrics and Melody and Singing is Produced Yamaha Develops Singing Synthesis Software in Japanese ITmedia Inc February 26 2003 Retrieved 2011 01 09 Vocaloid in Japanese Yamaha Corporation Retrieved 2011 01 09 a b c d Kenmochi amp DCAJ 2008 pp 33 50 第III章 歌唱合成システムVOCALOIDと初音ミク Part 3 Singing Synthesis System VOCALOID and Hatsune MIKU Kenmochi amp HIS 2008 クリプトン社佐々木氏インタビュー Interview to Wataru Sasaki Wat of Crypton DTM magazine in Japanese Vol 17 no 2 Terajima Joho Kikaku February 2010 p 106 ASIN B002ZHYKL6 Inoue Satoru January 14 2008 技術フロンティア 肉声に近づいた音声合成 ヤマハ クリプトン フューチャー メディア アニモ Technology Frontier Singing Synthesizer Gets Closer to a Natural Voice Yamaha Crypton Future Media Animo Nikkei Business in Japanese 1424 78 80 ISSN 0029 0491 Kenmochi Ohshima amp Interspeech 2007 Fig 4 New Yamaha VOCALOID Singing Synthesis Software Generates Superb Vocals on a PC Business Wire AllBusiness com March 4 2003 Retrieved 2010 10 25 初音ミク 6th Anniversaryニコ生で 初音ミク誕生までと これから 特集 Hatsune Miku 6th Anniversary Nico Nama live streaming featured Hatsune Miku before the birth and from now Hatsune Miku Miku in Japanese September 4 2013 Retrieved 2014 07 26 Red Bull Music Academy 2014 VOCALOID3 Release Date New Features and Voicebanks Vocaloidism June 14 2011 Retrieved 2011 06 14 permanent dead link Wataru Sasaki crypton wat vocaloid cv cfm October 28 2014 やっと 新型ルカの名前が決まった 新機能の名前も 公開まで もう少々お待ち下さい Finally it was decided the title of new Luka and also the name of new feature please wait a little until publication Twitter in Japanese Crypton Future Media Retrieved 2014 11 01 Yamaha releases Vocaloid 5 Drag and drop to create a singing voice set any lyrics and singing style you like KVR Audio July 12 2018 VOCALOID 5 Confirmed 4 New Banks and 4 Upgrades From YAMAHA Vocaloid News Network July 12 2018 Retrieved 2018 07 12 Yamaha New Comprehensive Vocal Synthesis Software VOCALOID 6 www yamaha com October 13 2022 Retrieved 2022 10 13 ヤマハが歌声合成ソフトVOCALOID ヴォーカロイド の新バージョン 表現豊かにしゃべる機能を付加したVOCALOID flexの提供を開始 The Start of the New Version of Yamaha s Singing Synthesizer Vocaloid Presents an Additional Rich Speaking Function called Vocaloid flex in Japanese Yamaha Corporation February 25 2010 Archived from the original on 2015 06 03 Retrieved 2010 07 27 ヤマハ しゃべる 機能を追加した VOCALOID flex を開発 Yamaha s Added Speaking Function Vocaloid flex s Development Internet Watch in Japanese Impress Corporation February 25 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 27 Matsuo Kōya October 6 2010 CEATEC JAPAN 2010 美少女ロボ HRP 4C未夢 と ぼかりす を結ぶ産総研内コラボ ぼかうお とは CEATEC Japan 2010 What is the AIST National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology s internal collaboration VocaWatcher BokaUo which combines the beautiful girl robot HRP 4C Mimu with VocaListener in Japanese ITmedia Inc Retrieved 2010 10 24 V Talkサービス V Talk Service in Japanese Internet Co Ltd Retrieved 2011 04 29 VocaListener 2009 MikuMikuDance 2008 MikuMikuDance v7 39 is the final release Vocaloidism May 29 2011 Archived from the original on 2012 03 18 Retrieved 2011 05 29 NetVocaloid Yamaha Corporation Archived from the original on 2009 06 15 Retrieved 2010 10 07 Matsuo Kōya October 7 2010 初音ミクとも簡単に対話できる MMDAgent その詳細を聞いてきた I Heard about The Details of MMDAgent Which Allows You to Easily Talk with Hatsune Miku Too in Japanese ITmedia Inc Retrieved 2010 10 15 MMDAgent Toolkit for Building Voice Interaction Systems MMDAgent Retrieved 2011 01 21 MMDAgent Talk to any 3D model you want interactively Vocaloidism September 25 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 06 Vocaloid Editor for Cubase in Japanese Yamaha Corporation Retrieved 2012 09 05 VOCALOID b STUDIO について VOCALOID b STUDIO in Japanese Retrieved 2023 11 13 デジタルコンテンツEXPO VOCALOIDがiPad iPhoneアプリに ヤマハが開発 ITmedia ニュース Retrieved 2016 04 27 Link 2 Archived from the original on 2010 10 07 Retrieved 2010 10 17 VocaloWitter App Store Yamaha Corporation December 1 2010 Retrieved 2016 04 27 コードネームは 勇馬 ヤマハ純正のイケメンボカロ VY2 の話を聞いてきた ITmedia ニュース Retrieved 2016 04 27 i style Project VOCALOID3 i style Project Retrieved 2016 04 27 初音ミクみく Retrieved 2016 04 27 クラウドでボカロをより便利に ヤマハが ボカロネット 発表 歌詞入力だけでOKの自動作曲機能も ねとらぼ Retrieved 2016 04 27 iVOCALOID VY1 Retrieved 2016 04 27 ヤマハ株式会社 VOCALOID Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2016 04 27 iVOCALOID 蒼姫ラピス Retrieved 2016 04 27 iVOCALOID メルリ App Store Yamaha Corporation April 8 2014 Retrieved 2016 04 27 株式会社インプレス April 3 2015 iPad iPhoneで本格ボカロ制作できる Mobile VOCALOID Editor PC版とほぼ同等 AV Watch Retrieved 2016 04 27 iOS版VOCALOIDが刷新 ボカロ曲制作はiOSで完結可能に 藤本健の DTMステーション April 3 2015 Retrieved 2016 04 27 ヤマハ株式会社 クリエイター集団 VOCALOMAKETS 発信のバーチャル シンガー 結月ゆかり 特集 Retrieved 2016 04 27 ヤマハ株式会社 Mobile VOCALOID Editor にMegpoid登場 Retrieved 2016 04 27 ヤマハ株式会社 iPhone iPadでunity chan を歌わせよう Retrieved 2016 04 27 歌声合成ソフト VOCALOID と同等な機能を持つ 各種機器に組み込み可能なハードウェア VOCALOID board を開発 The development of a Vocaloid Board an embeddable hardware version of Vocaloid singing synthesis software including Equivalent Functionality and the Every Kind of Tool in Japanese Yamaha Corporation Archived from the original on 2016 05 05 Retrieved 2010 10 21 出た eVocaloid 対応のヤマハ音源LSI NSX 1 が量産出荷開始 It s out eVocaloid compatible Yamaha s sound LSI NSX 1 have been started the mass production amp shipping Hatsune Miku Miku in Japanese October 23 2013 Retrieved 2013 10 24 お知らせ 4月3日に 歌うキーボード ポケット ミク が発売決定 全国の書店で買えちゃうよ Notice Singing keyboard Pocket Miku have been determined to be released in upcoming April 3 It can be bought on the book shops across Japan in Japanese Crypton Future Media February 18 2014 Retrieved 2014 02 28 Diginfoビデオレポート 歌声合成ソフト VOCALOID を使った 歌を歌うロボット Diginfo Video Report The Singing Robot Which Uses the Singing Synthesis Soft Vocaloid in Japanese Japan Corporate News Network October 18 2009 Archived from the original on 2013 05 30 Retrieved 2010 07 24 新VOCALOID CV 4Cb CEATECで歌う 声は中村繪里子さん The New Vocaloid CV 4Cb Sings at CEATEC The Vocal Comes from Eriko Nakamura in Japanese ITmedia Inc October 8 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 24 Matsuo Kōya October 9 2009 CEATEC JAPAN 2009 ミク めぐぽ 春香 3つの歌声を持つヒューマノイドに会ってきた CEATEC Japan 2009 I Met a Humanoid Which Has Three Singing Voicals Miku Megupo And Haruka in Japanese ITmedia Inc Retrieved 2010 10 24 Amazon MP3 日本版スタート DRMフリーで音楽配信 Japanese Version of Amazon MP3 Starts Music Downloads with DRM Free in Japanese ITmedia Inc November 9 2010 Retrieved 2010 11 15 AmazonがMP3ダウンロードサービス開始 しかもDRMフリーで0円の曲まで Amazon Begins the Service of MP3 Downloads Furthermore There Are 0 Yen Songs with DRM Free Gadget Tsushin in Japanese Livedoor November 9 2010 Retrieved 2010 11 15 4代目 ミク号はZ4 GT3 谷口 右京SDが新加入 4th Car of Hatsune Miku Is Z4 GT3 Taniguchi and Ukyō SD Newly Join the Team Autosport in Japanese February 6 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 07 The Rumored No 808 Hatsune Miku Studie Glad BMW Z4 Latest News in Japanese Super GT net August 18 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 08 23 Retrieved 2008 08 21 Itasha storm in Super GT Report of Final Race at Mt Fuji Page 3 in Japanese ASCII November 11 2008 Retrieved 2008 11 16 Itasha storm in Super GT Report of Final Race at Mt Fuji page 2 in Japanese ASCII November 11 2008 Retrieved 2008 11 16 2008 Super GT Champions Super GT November 11 2008 Archived from the original on 2008 12 16 Retrieved 2008 11 16 PIAPRO ピアプロ CGM型コンテンツ投稿サイト Piapro CGM Style Contents Submission Site in Japanese Crypton Future Media Retrieved 2010 07 11 Hatsune Miku on TV ad Vocaloid Creativity Community October 26 2010 Archived from the original on 2010 12 13 Retrieved 2010 10 28 Hatsune Miku x TineirMe Gacha Gcrest Entertainment Retrieved 2010 07 23 Hatsune Miku to Appear in American MMO TinierMe Anime News Network July 21 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 23 メーカー非公式初音みっくす 1 Maker Unofficial Hatsune Mix 1 in Japanese ASIN 4861765897 anim o v e 02 情報更新 anim o v e 02 News Update in Japanese Avex Group June 22 2010 Archived from the original on 2013 10 29 Retrieved 2010 10 05 Schwarzgazer digicomic movie 動画サイトアップ Schwarzgazer Digicomic Movie on Video Sites in Japanese Avex Group July 28 2010 Archived from the original on 2013 10 29 Retrieved 2010 10 05 Lily 情報 Lily News in Japanese Internet Co Ltd Retrieved 2010 10 05 ヤンジャンで 辛口 初音ミクの4コマギャグがスタート A Yonkoma Gag of Outspoken Hatsune Miku Starts on Yanjan Comic Natalie in Japanese Livedoor August 26 2010 Archived from the original on 2012 10 06 Retrieved 2010 10 10 Virtual Idol Hatsune Miku to Appear in Japan s Weekly Playboy Anime News Network March 22 2011 Retrieved 2011 03 24 Macias Patrick July 21 2011 CRN Interview The Creators of Hatsune Miku Crunchyroll Archived from the original on 2011 07 24 Retrieved 2011 08 03 New Groove Pullip Dolls Vocaloidism January 11 2011 Retrieved 2011 01 14 かわいい研究家さまご一行 来社 A Group of Cute Researchers Visit Our Company in Japanese Groove Inc January 23 2011 Archived from the original on 2012 03 17 Retrieved 2011 01 28 Magazine scans July 2010 Neko Magic July 22 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 25 Sonika s New Look Competition Zero G Archived from the original on 2010 01 26 Retrieved 2010 07 08 Sonika Song Competition Zero G Archived from the original on 2010 09 16 Retrieved 2010 07 08 a b Interview Bil Bryant Production and CEO of PowerFX Engloids powered by WordPress January 4 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 04 Drawing Contest to win a copy of Vocaloid Lily Vocaloid Creativity Community August 10 2010 Archived from the original on 2011 07 17 Retrieved 2010 10 25 Soundation Studio Includes Vocaloid Christmas Song Excerpts Vocaloidism December 15 2010 Retrieved 2010 12 15 The 2011 Toyota Corolla Marks Miku s US Debut Vocaloidism May 6 2011 Archived from the original on 2013 07 31 Retrieved 2011 05 06 Wataru Sasaki crypton wat vocaloid cv cfm May 10 2011 ブレスト小休止中 アメリカと日本で お国柄が違う事を確認しながら 前提として cmではじめてミクを知った人達と web上のファンの心象にもっと配慮する事 軸として バーチャル シンガー としての初音ミク という意見を強調しています さてはて A break in brainstorming while confirming the difference of the national characteristics between the United States and Japan as a major premise more consideration should be given to both the people who first knew Miku in commercial advertisements and the mentality of fans on the Web And as a fundamental we emphasize an opinion Hatsune Miku as a virtual SINGER Well and then Twitter in Japanese Crypton Future Media Retrieved 2011 05 14 ボーカロイドonly event THE VOC LOiD M STER Vocaloid Only Event The Voc loid M ster in Japanese Ketto Retrieved 2010 11 03 Upcoming Vom s to be the largest ever Vocaloid Creativity Community November 2 2010 Archived from the original on 2010 12 13 Retrieved 2010 11 03 Vocaloid s FIRST public performance Jasmine Music Technology December 6 2004 Retrieved 2012 01 03 Vocaloid TONIO announced at NAMM 2010 Brand new male classical virtual singer Zero G Retrieved 2010 07 11 Fujimoto Ken August 16 2010 ハローキティといっしょ VOCALOID2って何だ Hello Kitty Together with Vocaloid 2 What the Ken Fujimoto s DTM Station powered by Livedoor News in Japanese Livedoor Archived from the original on 2010 08 20 Retrieved 2010 08 20 Okada Yuka March 18 2008 初音ミクは 権利者 か Is Hatsune Miku a Right Holder in Japanese ITmedia Inc Retrieved 2010 12 03 Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol Performs Live Before 25 000 Anime News Network August 23 2009 Retrieved 2009 08 26 影山 堀江 初音ミクも アニサマ 出演者追加 Also Kageyama Horie and Hatsune Miku Performers for Anisama Are Added Oricon Style in Japanese Oricon August 6 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 15 Hirota Minoru September 1 2009 初音ミクが歌って踊る ミクフェス 09 夏 レポート Hatsune Miku Sings and Dances Report on MikuFes 09 Summer in Japanese ASCII Media Works p 2 Retrieved 2010 10 29 Virtual Idol Hatsune Miku to perform overseas at I LOVE anisong stage Anime Festival Asia Retrieved 2009 11 24 電子の歌姫 初音ミクが海外初公演 Electronic Diva Hatsune Miku s First Oversea Concert Is Held Nikkan Sports in Japanese November 21 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 15 Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol to Hold 1st Solo Concert Anime News Network December 10 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 15 初音ミクによるソロコンサートが開催 39個の秘密も明らかに Hatsune Miku Performs A Solo Concert And 39 Secrets Are Revealed in Japanese Famitsu March 10 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 15 Online Movement Hatsune Miku World Tour Vocaloidism July 18 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 06 Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol Film Concert New People September 18 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 06 San Francisco to Host Hatsune Miku s 1st U S Concert Anime News Network September 7 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 06 Hatsune Miku Concert Creator Add Dates in SF NY Anime News Network October 1 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 06 NY Anime Fest Hosts Hatsune Miku Makers An Cafe Bassist Anime News Network September 9 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 08 Hatsune Miku Shamisen Pop Culture Diplomacy All at NYAF through Japan Foundation Medium At Large September 8 2010 Archived from the original on 2010 09 11 Retrieved 2010 10 08 Hatsune Miku is pop s biggest draw as Japanese 3D cartoon stage sensation Metro October 21 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 23 キングラン アニソン紅白2010 に がくぽ と GUMI が出演を果たした件 At King Run Anison Red and White 2010 Gakupo and Gumi Appeared Hatsune Miku Miku in Japanese January 2 2011 Retrieved 2011 01 04 Hatsune Miku 2011 Live Concert in Tokyo Announced Moetron December 8 2010 Retrieved 2010 12 08 VOCAROCK collection feat 初音ミク presents VOCAROCK festival 2011 Vocarock Collection feat Hatsune Miku presents Vocarock Festival 2011 in Japanese Farm Records Retrieved 2010 12 22 VOCALOID FESTA 公式サイト Vocaloid Festa Official Website in Japanese Vocaloid Fest Archived from the original on 2011 03 23 Retrieved 2010 12 22 Vocaloid Festa in Japanese Yamaha Corporation Archived from the original on 2011 01 03 Retrieved 2010 12 22 ボカロプロジェクト VOCALOID FESTA 公式サイト Vocalo Project Vocaloid Festa Official Website in Japanese Vocafes Archived from the original on 2011 02 23 Retrieved 2011 02 18 Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol to Perform at Anime Expo Anime News Network May 12 2011 Retrieved 2011 05 13 Virtual star to be unleashed on US The Independent June 1 2011 Archived from the original on 2011 06 11 Retrieved 2011 06 08 Takahashi Akiko January 15 2008 なぜ 初音ミクがネギ で 鏡音リンがロードローラー なのか Why Hatsune Miku Has a Negi And Kagamine Rin Rides on a Road Roller in Japanese ASCII Media Works Retrieved 2010 10 23 Okada Yuka February 25 2008 クリプトン フューチャー メディアに聞く 3 初音ミクが開く 創造の扉 Interview with Crypton Future Media 3 Hatsune Miku Opens the Creative Mind in Japanese ITmedia Inc p 1 Retrieved 2008 02 29 Okada Yuka September 28 2007 DTMブーム再来 初音ミク が掘り起こす 名なしの才能 DTM in the Boom Again Hatsune Miku Discovers Anonymous Creators in Japanese ITmedia Inc p 1 Retrieved 2008 02 29 200万回再生の超人気ボカロ楽曲 悪ノ召使 コミック化 Super Popular Vocaloid Song with 2 Million Views Aku no Meshitsukai Gets a Comic in Japanese Jive August 27 2010 Archived from the original on 2010 09 18 Retrieved 2010 10 05 悪ノ娘 黄のクロアテュール Aku no Musume Ki no Cloiture in Japanese Books Kinokuniya Retrieved 2010 11 20 Vocaloid Kaito s Song Adapted into Stage Musical Anime News Network May 30 2011 Retrieved 2011 05 31 がくっぽいど 7月末発売 ニコ厨 漫画家 三浦建太郎さんのイラストで Gackpoid to be Sold in July with Nicochu Manga Author Kentaro Miura s Illustration in Japanese ITmedia Inc June 20 2008 Retrieved 2010 07 11 Hachune Miku Figure to Ride Rocket from Nevada This Month Anime News Network September 8 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 14 Okada Yuka October 8 2009 あなたも宇宙開発を 初音ミク衛星 打ち上げ目指す SOMESAT You Too Will Explore Space Aiming to Launch the Hachune Miku Satellite SOMESAT in Japanese ITmedia Inc p 1 Retrieved 2010 07 14 金星探査機 あかつき に初音ミク絵を搭載する署名 Sign to Get Hatsune Miku Image on Board Venus Explorer Akatsuki Google Spreadsheets for collecting signatures in Japanese Retrieved 2009 12 18 Morioka Sumio February 23 2010 金星へ飛び立つ あかつき と初音ミクパネルを見てきた I See Akatsuki And the Hatsune Miku Panels that Will Fly to Venus in Japanese ITmedia Inc pp 1 2 Retrieved 2010 11 15 初音ミクを金星へ 世界に広がる 署名1万超え イラスト募集中 Send Hatsune Miku to Venus Spreading Worldwide The Number of Petitions Exceeds 10 000 And Illustrations Are Now Wanted in Japanese ITmedia Inc December 25 2009 Retrieved 2010 11 15 Morioka Sumio May 20 2010 初音ミク搭乗の あかつき 打ち上げに再チャレンジ Akatsuki Ridden by Hatsune Miku Challenges to Be Launched Again in Japanese ITmedia Inc Retrieved 2010 05 28 Morioka Sumio May 21 2010 初音ミクついに宇宙へ あかつき 打ち上げ成功 Hatsune Miku Eventually Goes to the Space Akatsuki Was Successfully Launched in Japanese ITmedia Inc Retrieved 2010 05 28 ブラック ロックシューター supercell Black Rock Shooter supercell in Japanese Supercell Retrieved 2010 07 08 Black Rock Shooter Anime to Be Streamed for Free Anime News Network March 23 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 08 出た 新人ヴァーチャル アイドルユニット メーウ meaw 発進 It s Out The New Virtual Idol Unite Meaw Takes Off Hatsune Miku Miku in Japanese October 16 2010 Retrieved 2010 12 15 メーウ Meaw in Japanese StarChild Retrieved 2010 12 15 8月31日限定 渋谷シアターTSUTAYAに ミクカフェ オープン ミクの日感謝祭 On Only August 31 Miku Cafe Will Open at the Shibuya Theater Tsutaya The Thanksgiving Day of Miku in Japanese Sega August 24 2010 Retrieved 2010 10 09 Y2 Vocaloid Cafe in Japanese Bplats Archived from the original on 2011 02 17 Retrieved 2011 02 21 SNOW MIKU for SAPPORO2011で語られる創造の未来 The Future of Creation Spoken on Snow Miku for Sapporo 2011 in Japanese ASCII Media Works February 4 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 25 VOCALO Revolution 地上波初 ボーカロイド番組 VOCALO Revolution First Ever Vocaloid Show as a broadcasting program on digital terrestrial TV in Japanese Vocalo Revolution Archived from the original on 2010 12 11 Retrieved 2010 12 26 VOCALO Revolution Original Character CUL Revealed Moetron December 23 2010 Archived from the original on 2016 04 19 Retrieved 2010 12 26 CUL project official in Japanese Vocalo Revolution Retrieved 2011 01 07 オフィシャルグッズ Official Goods in Japanese Vocalo Revolution Archived from the original on 2010 12 10 Retrieved 2011 01 07 Lineup in Japanese Vocalo Revolution Retrieved 2011 01 07 乙女衣装図鑑 ピアプロ Maiden costume picture book Piapro in Japanese Piapro Retrieved 2011 03 09 NHKの本気 ボカロラジオ エレうた の高き志 NHK s Determination High Aspirations with Vocaloid Radio Ere Uta in Japanese ASCII Media Works February 5 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 25 UTAU 2008 Mac音ナナ シリーズ Macne Nana Series in Japanese Act2 Archived from the original on 2011 05 11 Retrieved 2010 07 09 阿久女イク Acme Iku in Japanese StudioS Retrieved 2010 07 09 New VOICEROID Software From AH Software Vocaloidism November 14 2009 Retrieved 2010 07 09 東北地方太平洋沖地震による被災地に対する支援について Regarding Support for the Affected Areas of the Tōhoku Region Pacific Ocean Offshore Earthquake in Japanese Crypton Future Media March 16 2011 Retrieved 2011 03 24 Nendoroid Miku Hatsune Support ver is Here to Cheer on the Recovery of Eastern Japan Mikatan s Blog powered by WordPress Good Smile Company March 24 2011 Retrieved 2011 03 24 Tohoku Zunko VOICEROID Software Gets Release Date Vocaloidism August 30 2012 Retrieved 2016 04 27 恋愛シミュレーションゲームの市場規模は前年度比30 4 増 調査データランキング in Japanese ITmedia October 22 2012 Retrieved 2015 12 15 What about an Oliver Vocaloid 3 Editor Cartoon Hangover November 20 2012 Retrieved 2013 08 08 Webアニメ Bee and PuppyCat の音声にOliverが使用されているらしい件 On the Web animation Bee and PuppyCat s voice Oliver seems to be used Hatsune Miku Miku in Japanese July 15 2013 Retrieved 2013 08 08 Pokemon feat Hatsune Miku Project Voltage Pokemon Music Serebii net www serebii net Retrieved 2023 11 20 A Place In The Sun A CD Album By Fully Virtual Vocalist Virartech 2006 Archived from the original on 2008 05 13 Retrieved 2010 07 08 Mike Oldfield 2005 Light amp Shade 2 Audio CD full album Mercury Records Retrieved 2014 12 04 See also release list at Discogs Kellplanet Continua Retrieved 2010 07 08 Last fm Hirasawa Susumu August 23 2008 お姉さんを磨け Refining the Young Lady NO ROOM HIRASAWA三行log Hirasawa Three Line log in Japanese Chaos Union Archived from the original on 2010 03 29 Retrieved 2010 07 15 Tomita Akihiro December 12 2008 バーチャルな 女性 への欲望とは何か What is the Desire for a Virtual Woman Eureka Comprehensive Special Issue Hatsune Miku an angel that landed on the net in Japanese Vol 40 no 15 Seidosha p 60 ISBN 978 4 7917 0187 2 anaROBIK the official anaROBIK anaROBIK Retrieved 2011 05 17 New musical project with Big Al and Miriam Viratech 2007 Archived from the original on 2008 08 04 Retrieved 2011 01 02 初音ミク ボーカロイドアルバム が徳永を押さえ 初首位 Hatsune Miku Vocaloid Album Reaches 1 for the First Time Overtaking Tokunaga Oricon Style in Japanese Oricon May 25 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 01 Vocalonexus is 2nd Vocaloid Album to Top Weekly Chart Anime News Network January 24 2011 Retrieved 2011 01 27 supercell feat 初音ミク 1st Album supercell Special WEB Supercell feat Hatsune Miku 1st Album Supercell Special WEB in Japanese Supercell March 2009 Retrieved 2010 03 24 Supercell Album with Miku Tops U S iTunes World Music Chart Anime News Network June 22 2011 Retrieved 2011 06 22 19 s Sound Factory August 20 2008 First Sound Story Audio CD in Japanese MOER EAN 4571192980761 ASIN B001CRGV4E Retrieved 2010 07 08 livetune feat 初音ミク specialsite livetune feat Hatsune Miku specialsite in Japanese Victor Entertainment August 2008 Retrieved 2010 07 08 album data Livetune August 27 2008 Re Package Audio CD Victor Entertainment limited deluxe edition EAN 4988002552764 ASIN B001BOBYO0 Re Mikus in Japanese Livetune March 2009 Retrieved 2014 12 04 album data Livetune March 25 2009 Re Mikus Audio CD Victor Entertainment EAN 4988002567492 ASIN B001Q6IHLG 下田麻美 Prism 鏡音リン レン feat 下田麻美 の収録曲が明らかに The Songs on Asami Shimoda s Prism Kagamine Rin Len feat Asami Shimoda Are Revealed Mycom Journal in Japanese Mainichi Communications May 22 2009 Archived from the original on 2010 07 18 Retrieved 2010 07 23 ミクたちボカロのロック曲を集めたアルバム VOCAROCK collection 2 が発売 Vocarock Collection 2 an Album Collecting Rock Songs by Vocalo such as Miku Is Released Dengeki Online in Japanese ASCII Media Works November 6 2010 Retrieved 2011 02 18 Vocarock II on Cool Japan Music App Vocaloidism February 17 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 17 News in Japanese Balloom Archived from the original on 2013 05 27 Retrieved 2011 03 05 Wowaka May 18 2011 アンハッピーリフレイン Unhappy Refrain 2 Audio CD best album remix by v a in Japanese Balloom EAN 4571192982475 Retrieved 2011 03 05 Supercell Miku Song in U S iTunes World Top 10 Anime News Network May 15 2011 Retrieved 2011 05 17 がくっぽいどコンテスト Gackpoid Contest in Japanese Niwango Retrieved 2011 05 01 Gackt Sings 2 Vocaloid Songs for July CD Single Anime News Network May 22 2011 Retrieved 2011 05 23 Hatsune Miku GT Project Theme Song Collection Vocaloidism August 4 2011 Retrieved 2011 08 14 コザキユースケ画 フルカワミキのボーカロイド誕生 The Birth of the Vocaloid Sampled from Miki Furukawa and Illustrated by Yusuke Kozaki Comic Natalie in Japanese Livedoor November 13 2009 Archived from the original on 2012 10 06 Retrieved 2010 08 20 イドへ至る森へ至るイド Vocals amp Voices の発表 Ido e Itaru Mori e Itaru Ido Vocals amp Voices Announcement in Japanese Sound Horizon June 7 2010 Archived from the original on 2006 12 02 Retrieved 2010 07 28 Project if Crypton project if cfm June 7 2010 確認取れましたので発表を Sound Horizonさんの イドへ至る森へ至るイド に project if で制作中のプロトタイプが客演させて頂く事になりました Confirmed so announce On the Sound Horizon s The ido reaching to the woods leading to the ido a prototype under production by the project if have been allowed to guest appearance Twitter in Japanese Crypton Future Media Retrieved 2010 07 28 特典コンピCD feat VY1 Special Combination CD feat VY1 in Japanese Yamaha Corporation Retrieved 2010 08 14 VOCALOID2 猫村いろは Vocaloid 2 Nekomura Iroha in Japanese AH Software Retrieved 2010 09 16 Daily Video Music Gun Gun 2 Game with Touhou Music Anime News Network February 25 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 27 Alexander Stein March 11 2010 Suburban Taxi MP3 File Volume0dB UPC3661585326557 Retrieved 2011 09 11 Eri Kitamura Lia Turned Into Vocaloid Idol Characters Anime News Network June 8 2011 Retrieved 2011 06 10 X Japan s hide Releases Last Song With Vocaloid 16 Years After Passing Away Anime News Network Retrieved 2018 04 14 Hongo Jun October 23 2014 Yamaha Creates New Song with Voice of Deceased Musician The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 2018 04 14 For Creators Crypton Future Media Retrieved 2012 12 18 Chiaki Hayashi December 14 2012 Hatsune Miku Joins the CC Community Creative Commons Retrieved 2012 12 18 a b Okada Yuka February 22 2008 クリプトン フューチャー メディアに聞く 2 初音ミク ができるまで Interview with Crypton Future Media 2 How Hatsune Miku Was Born in Japanese ITmedia Inc p 1 Retrieved 2008 02 28 Zero G Interview Dom Keefe Vocaloid Production Engloids powered by WordPress January 28 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 08 Vocaloid FAQ Yamaha Corporation Archived from the original on 2011 08 26 Retrieved 2010 07 13 クリプトン VOCALOIDクリエイター向け音楽出版事業を開始 自由な利用と対価の両立目指す Crypton Starts a Music Publication for Vocaloid Creators They Aim To Achieve A Balance Between Free Uses and Royalties in Japanese ITmedia Inc November 29 2010 Retrieved 2010 12 02 Artist Yunomi accused of Plagiarism Vocaloid Creativity Community August 6 2010 Archived from the original on 2011 06 18 Retrieved 2010 12 01 KAT TUNの新曲がボカロ人気曲にそっくり 作者 ショックすぎる KAT TUN s New Song is Just Like a Popular Vocaloid Song Author is Very Shocked in Japanese ITmedia Inc November 30 2010 Retrieved 2010 12 01 Sheren January 20 2011 杰尼斯承认KAT TUN新曲抄袭 原作者安抚歌迷 Johnny s Admits KAT TUN s New Song Is Plagiarized Original Creator Calms Fans Angry in Chinese Sohu Retrieved 2011 01 25 初音ミク で選挙活動計画 政治利用ダメ で民主議員頓挫 Hatsune Miku Election Activity Plan Standstill of a Democratic Diet member with Don t Use Politics J Cast in Japanese Livedoor June 30 2010 Retrieved 2010 07 03 When Lola became Ana how Zero G s Vocaloid created a lead singer Time Space blog July 15 2011 Retrieved 2011 07 16 Interview MasterVocaloid Giuseppe Engloids Retrieved 2011 08 07 French TV show insults Miku Vocaloid Creativity Community October 28 2010 Archived from the original on 2010 11 06 Retrieved 2010 10 28 The GazettE s Aoi stirs up debate about Vocaloid artists through controversial tweets Tokyo Hive November 29 2010 Retrieved 2010 12 01 Utaenai August 13 2010 It s a toy Vocaloid Creativity Community Archived from the original on 2011 05 15 Retrieved 2010 09 05 Vocaloid2情報 今日が最後の夜 Vocaloid 2 News This is the Last Night in Japanese Crypton Future Media July 12 2007 Archived from the original on 2014 01 07 Retrieved 2012 05 13 海外でのVOCALOID楽曲の人気について Concerning the Popularity of Vocaloid Music Overseas in Japanese Crypton Future Media July 23 2010 Retrieved 2010 09 05 Europe doesn t like Vocaloid Vocaloid Creativity Community October 18 2010 Archived from the original on 2011 05 15 Retrieved 2010 10 21 あなたが好きなゲームキャラクターは What Are the Game Characters You Like in Japanese Yahoo Japan Retrieved 2011 01 04 Robson Daniel December 27 2010 Tokyo s best and worst of 2010 CNN Retrieved 2011 01 20 Clash Fashion Issue Out Now With our virtual cover star Hatsune Miku Clash February 2 2011 Retrieved 2011 02 25 an issuance notification of The Fashion Issue The Future of Music Hatsune Miku and the synthetic pop phenomenon Clash No 59 March 2011 See also excerpt of cover story by Karley Sciortino Pixel Perfect Meet Hatsune Miku Japan s Pop megastar The Harsh Realities of VOCALOID on Nico Vocaloidism January 4 2012 Archived from the original on 2012 01 11 Retrieved 2012 01 10 ボカロ2013年投稿数と投稿者数 2013 Vocaloid post count and contributor count in Japanese Niconico Retrieved 2014 01 13 YouTube Copyright Nonsense Hitting Yet Another Community Hatsune Miku Fans Kotaku November 30 2015 Retrieved 2015 12 02 Bibliography editTechnologiesBonada Jordi et al 2001 Singing voice synthesis combining Excitation plus Resonance and Sinusoidal plus Residual Models PDF Proc Of ICMC CiteSeerX 10 1 1 18 6258 Bonada Jordi Loscos Alex 2003 Sample based singing voice synthesizer by spectral concatenation Proc of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference SMAC 03 439 442 Kenmochi Hideki Ohshima Hayato VOCALOID Commercial singing synthesizer based on sample concatenation PDF Interspeech 2007 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 03 15 Retrieved 2011 01 09 Interview of Hideki Kenmochi DTM magazine January 2008 Special ed The Vocaloid CV01 Hatsune Miku in Japanese Vol 15 no 2 Terajima Joho Kikaku January 2008 pp 36 39 ASIN B000YKXQTI Kenmochi Hideki Ohshima Hayato February 8 2008 Singing synthesis system Vocaloid Current situation and todo lists PDF IPSJ SIG Notes in Japanese SIG Music and Computer SIGMUS Information Processing Society of Japan IPSJ 2008 12 51 56 ISSN 0919 6072 2008 MUS 74 9 permanent dead link Kenmochi Hideki March 2008 第III章 歌唱合成システムVOCALOIDと初音ミク Part 3 Singing Synthesis System VOCALOID and Hatsune MIKU PDF デジタルコンテンツの知的財産権に関する調査研究 進化するコンテンツビジネスモデルとその収益性 合法性 VOCALOID2 初音ミク ユーザ UGMサイト 権利者 報告書 The Research and Study about the Intellectual Property Rights of the Digital Contents Developing Content Business Models and these Profitabilities and Legalities Vocaloid 2 Hatsune Miku Users UGM Sites and Rightful Claimants The Report in Japanese Digital Content Association of Japan DCAJ pp 33 50 Retrieved 2011 01 16 Kenmochi Hideki May 25 2008 Singing Synthesis VOCALOID and its Technologies Journal of the Human Interface Society in Japanese 10 2 161 164 ISSN 1344 7254 Kenmochi Hideki Fujimoto Ken 2014 ボーカロイド技術論 歌声合成の基礎とその仕組み Vocaloid Technological Theory Foundation and mechanism of singing voice synthesis Tokyo Yamaha Music Media ISBN 978 4 636 89996 2 Michel Patrick St November 11 2014 The Making of Vocaloid Red Bull Music Academy Retrieved 2022 11 27 Derivative productsAmeya Ayame 2008 歌声合成ツールUTAU Vocal Synthesis Tool UTAU in Japanese Vocal Synthesis Tool UTAU Retrieved 2010 07 09 Higuchi Masaru Yu February 24 2008 MikuMikuDance Vocaloid Promotion Video Project powered by GeoCities Retrieved 2010 07 09 Nakano Tomoyasu Goto Masataka July 6 2009 VocaListener A Singing to Singing Synthesis System Based on Iterative Parameter Estimation Retrieved 2011 07 27 Nakano Tomoyasu Goto Masataka 2008 VocaListener ぼかりす ユーザ歌唱の歌い方を真似る歌声合成パラメータを自動推定するシステム VocaListener Bokarisu A system for automatic parameter estimation of the singing voice synthesis for imitating the user s singing style in Japanese Retrieved 2010 07 09 Further reading editKenmochi Hideki August 2009 Singing Synthesis and its Application lt Special Feature gt Frontiers of Music Information Processing Technologies IPSJ Magazine in Japanese Vol 50 no 8 Japan Information Processing Society of Japan IPSJ pp 723 728 ISSN 0447 8053 DTM MAGAZINE 音楽情報処理最前線 Frontiers of Music Information Processing on DTM magazine archive in Japanese Terajima Joho Kikaku IPSJ SIG Music and Computer SIGMUS Nakano Tomoyasu Goto Masataka August 2008 音楽情報処理最前線 VOCALOIDに歌を真似させるVocaListener Frontiers of Music Information Processing VocaListener to make the Vocaloid imitate a given song PDF DTM magazine in Japanese Vol 15 no 9 Terajima Joho Kikaku pp 72 73 ASIN B001B7MJR8 Feature articleSantos Carlo July 15 2011 The World Is Hers How Hatsune Miku Is Changing Everything feature article Anime News Network Whiteley Sheila Rambarran Shara eds February 11 2016 Vocaloids Holograms and Virtual Pop Stars The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality Oxford University Press pp 97 166 ISBN 978 0 19 932128 5 ReviewSantos Carlo May 14 2013 Mikunopolis in Los Angeles Blu Ray review Anime News Network External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vocaloids Official website Vocaloid Wiki Y2 Project in Japanese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vocaloid amp oldid 1205087092, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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