Japan Standard Time (日本標準時, Nihon Hyōjunji, JST), or Japan Central Standard Time (中央標準時, Chūō Hyōjunji, JCST), is the standard time zone in Japan, 9 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+09:00).[1] Japan does not observe daylight saving time, though its introduction has been debated on several occasions. During World War II, the time zone was often referred to as Tokyo Standard Time.
Before the Meiji era (1868–1912), each local region had its own time zone in which noon was when the sun was exactly at its culmination. As modern transportation methods, such as trains, were adopted, this practice became a source of confusion. For example, there is a difference of about 5 degrees longitude between Tokyo and Osaka and because of this, a train that departed from Tokyo would arrive at Osaka 20 minutes behind the time in Tokyo. In 1886, Ordinance 51 was issued in response to this problem, which stated:
Ordinance 51 (on the precise calculation of time using the Prime Meridian) – July 13, 1886
Longitudes are calculated using the prime meridian, counting 180 degrees either east or west. Positive degrees are east, negative degrees are west.
On January 1, 1888, 135 degrees east longitude will be set as the standard meridian for all of Japan, allowing precise times to be fixed.[2]
Akashi Municipal Planetarium [ja], located exactly on 135°E longitude, and known as a symbol of Japan Standard Time.
According to this, the standard time (標準時, hyōjunji) was set 9 hours ahead of GMT (UTC had not been established yet). In the ordinance, the first clause mentions GMT, the second defines east longitude and west longitude and the third says the standard time zone would be in effect from 1888. The city of Akashi in Hyōgo Prefecture is located exactly on 135 degrees east longitude and subsequently became known as Toki no machi (Town of Time).
With the annexation of Taiwan in 1895, Ordinance 167 (pictured on the right) was issued to rename the previous Standard Time to Central Standard Time (中央標準時, Chūō Hyōjunji) and establish a new Western Standard Time (西部標準時, Seibu Hyōjunji) at 120° longitude as the time zone for the Japanese Miyako and Yaeyama Islands, as well as Taiwan and its Penghu Islands.[3] While Korea came under Japanese rule in 1910, Korea Standard Time of GMT+08:30 continued to be used until 1912, when it was changed to Central Standard Time.
Western Standard Time, which was used in Taiwan and some parts of Okinawa, was abolished by Ordinance 529 in 1937 and replaced by Central Standard Time in those areas.[4] Territories occupied by Japan during World War II, including Singapore and Malaya, adopted Japan Standard Time for the duration of their occupation, but reverted after Japan's surrender.
Between 1948 and 1951 occupied Japan observed daylight saving time (DST) from the first Saturday in May at 24:00 to the second Saturday in September at 24:00 (with the exception of 1949, when the spring forward transition was the first Saturday in April at 24:00).[5] More recently there have been efforts to restore daylight saving time in Japan but these have not succeeded.[6][7]
In May 2013, former Tokyo governor Naoki Inose proposed permanently moving the country’s time zone ahead by 2 hours to better align global markets and make Japan’s stock market to be the first to open in the world at any given time.[8]
Time zones of the Japanese Empire
The two-time-zone system was implemented in Japan between January 1896 and September 1937:
This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in Japan and its neighborhood. Eastern part of Hokkaido is over 30 minutes behind and western part of Ryukyu islands is over 30 minutes ahead of local solar time as a single standard time offset of UTC+09:00 is observed in whole country of Japan, even in its easternmost territory, Minamitorishima (153°59′E) and its westernmost territory, Yonaguni (122°56′E). It makes the sun rise before 04:00 at the summer solstice in much of the Hokkaido region and set shortly after 19:00 at the summer solstice in much of the eastern part of the country.
From 1948 to 1952, Japan observed daylight saving time (DST) between May and September every year. The United States imposed this policy as part of the Allied occupation of Japan. In 1952, three weeks before the occupation ended, the Japanese government, which had been granted increased powers, abolished daylight saving time, and the Allied occupation authorities did not interfere.[9] Since then, DST has never been officially implemented nationwide in Japan.[10]
Starting in the late 1990s, a movement to reinstate DST in Japan gained some popularity, aiming at saving energy and increasing recreational time. The Hokkaido region is particularly in favour of this movement because daylight starts as early as 03:30 (in standard time) there in summer due to its high latitude and its location near the eastern edge of the time zone, with much of the region's solar time actually closer to UTC+10:00. Because of this, the sun sets shortly after 19:00 in much of the eastern part of the country (in Tokyo, the latest sunset of the entire year is 19:01, from 26 June to 1 July, despite being at 35°41'N latitude). Since 2000, a few local governments and commerce departments have promoted unmandated hour-earlier work schedule experiments during the summer without officially resetting clocks.[11]
The Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy of the Cabinet Office is expected[when?](written October 2013) to propose that the Japanese government begin studying DST in an attempt to help combat global warming. Japanese Prime MinisterShinzō Abe made a significant effort to introduce daylight saving time, but was ultimately unsuccessful.[12] However, it is not clear that DST would conserve energy in Japan. A 2007 simulation estimated that introducing DST to Japan would increase energy use in Osaka residences by 0.13%, with a 0.02% saving due to lighting more than outweighed by a 0.15% increase due to cooling costs; the simulation did not examine non-residential buildings.[13]
^Time and Date (13 September 2020). "Current Local Time in Japan". Retrieved 12 September 2020. There is a difference between GMT and UTC which can be as much as 0.9 seconds. Japan now legally uses an atomic clock synchronized to UTC.
^"Panel to call for daylight saving time". Yomiuri Shimbun. 2007-06-02. Archived from the original on 2007-06-06. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
^Yoshiyuki Shimoda; Takahiro Asahia; Ayako Taniguchia; Minoru Mizuno (2007). "Evaluation of city-scale impact of residential energy conservation measures using the detailed end-use simulation model". Energy. 32 (9): 1617–1633. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.01.007.
External links
Japanese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 明治十九年勅令第五十一号
May 23, 2023
japan, standard, time, japan, time, redirects, here, series, japan, time, series, 日本標準時, nihon, hyōjunji, japan, central, standard, time, 中央標準時, chūō, hyōjunji, jcst, standard, time, zone, japan, hours, ahead, japan, does, observe, daylight, saving, time, thou. Japan Time redirects here For the TV series see Japan Time TV series Japan Standard Time 日本標準時 Nihon Hyōjunji JST or Japan Central Standard Time 中央標準時 Chuō Hyōjunji JCST is the standard time zone in Japan 9 hours ahead of UTC UTC 09 00 1 Japan does not observe daylight saving time though its introduction has been debated on several occasions During World War II the time zone was often referred to as Tokyo Standard Time Japan Standard TimeTime zoneUTC offsetJSTUTC 09 00Current time17 01 23 May 2023 JST refresh Observance of DSTDST is not observed in this time zone Imperial Ordinance 167 issued on December 27 Meiji 28 1895 Japan Standard Time is equivalent to Korean Standard Time Pyongyang Time North Korea Eastern Indonesia Standard Time East Timorese Standard Time and Yakutsk Time Russia Contents 1 History 2 Time zones of the Japanese Empire 3 IANA time zone database 4 Daylight saving time in Japan 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditBefore the Meiji era 1868 1912 each local region had its own time zone in which noon was when the sun was exactly at its culmination As modern transportation methods such as trains were adopted this practice became a source of confusion For example there is a difference of about 5 degrees longitude between Tokyo and Osaka and because of this a train that departed from Tokyo would arrive at Osaka 20 minutes behind the time in Tokyo In 1886 Ordinance 51 was issued in response to this problem which stated Ordinance 51 on the precise calculation of time using the Prime Meridian July 13 1886 The prime meridian passes through England s Greenwich Observatory Longitudes are calculated using the prime meridian counting 180 degrees either east or west Positive degrees are east negative degrees are west On January 1 1888 135 degrees east longitude will be set as the standard meridian for all of Japan allowing precise times to be fixed 2 Akashi Municipal Planetarium ja located exactly on 135 E longitude and known as a symbol of Japan Standard Time According to this the standard time 標準時 hyōjunji was set 9 hours ahead of GMT UTC had not been established yet In the ordinance the first clause mentions GMT the second defines east longitude and west longitude and the third says the standard time zone would be in effect from 1888 The city of Akashi in Hyōgo Prefecture is located exactly on 135 degrees east longitude and subsequently became known as Toki no machi Town of Time With the annexation of Taiwan in 1895 Ordinance 167 pictured on the right was issued to rename the previous Standard Time to Central Standard Time 中央標準時 Chuō Hyōjunji and establish a new Western Standard Time 西部標準時 Seibu Hyōjunji at 120 longitude as the time zone for the Japanese Miyako and Yaeyama Islands as well as Taiwan and its Penghu Islands 3 While Korea came under Japanese rule in 1910 Korea Standard Time of GMT 08 30 continued to be used until 1912 when it was changed to Central Standard Time Western Standard Time which was used in Taiwan and some parts of Okinawa was abolished by Ordinance 529 in 1937 and replaced by Central Standard Time in those areas 4 Territories occupied by Japan during World War II including Singapore and Malaya adopted Japan Standard Time for the duration of their occupation but reverted after Japan s surrender Between 1948 and 1951 occupied Japan observed daylight saving time DST from the first Saturday in May at 24 00 to the second Saturday in September at 24 00 with the exception of 1949 when the spring forward transition was the first Saturday in April at 24 00 5 More recently there have been efforts to restore daylight saving time in Japan but these have not succeeded 6 7 In May 2013 former Tokyo governor Naoki Inose proposed permanently moving the country s time zone ahead by 2 hours to better align global markets and make Japan s stock market to be the first to open in the world at any given time 8 Time zones of the Japanese Empire EditThe two time zone system was implemented in Japan between January 1896 and September 1937 Time offset Name Japanese Romanization RegionGMT 08 00 Western Standard Time 西部標準時 Seibu Hyōjunji Western Okinawa and Taiwan see also Time in Taiwan GMT 09 00 Central Standard Time 中央標準時 Chuō Hyōjunji Japan mainland and Korea see also Korea Standard Time From October 1937 Central Standard Time was also used in western Okinawa and Taiwan IANA time zone database EditThe IANA time zone database contains one zone for Japan in the file zone tab named Asia Tokyo Daylight saving time in Japan Edit This map shows the difference between legal time and local mean time in Japan and its neighborhood Eastern part of Hokkaido is over 30 minutes behind and western part of Ryukyu islands is over 30 minutes ahead of local solar time as a single standard time offset of UTC 09 00 is observed in whole country of Japan even in its easternmost territory Minamitorishima 153 59 E and its westernmost territory Yonaguni 122 56 E It makes the sun rise before 04 00 at the summer solstice in much of the Hokkaido region and set shortly after 19 00 at the summer solstice in much of the eastern part of the country From 1948 to 1952 Japan observed daylight saving time DST between May and September every year The United States imposed this policy as part of the Allied occupation of Japan In 1952 three weeks before the occupation ended the Japanese government which had been granted increased powers abolished daylight saving time and the Allied occupation authorities did not interfere 9 Since then DST has never been officially implemented nationwide in Japan 10 Starting in the late 1990s a movement to reinstate DST in Japan gained some popularity aiming at saving energy and increasing recreational time The Hokkaido region is particularly in favour of this movement because daylight starts as early as 03 30 in standard time there in summer due to its high latitude and its location near the eastern edge of the time zone with much of the region s solar time actually closer to UTC 10 00 Because of this the sun sets shortly after 19 00 in much of the eastern part of the country in Tokyo the latest sunset of the entire year is 19 01 from 26 June to 1 July despite being at 35 41 N latitude Since 2000 a few local governments and commerce departments have promoted unmandated hour earlier work schedule experiments during the summer without officially resetting clocks 11 The Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy of the Cabinet Office is expected when written October 2013 to propose that the Japanese government begin studying DST in an attempt to help combat global warming Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe made a significant effort to introduce daylight saving time but was ultimately unsuccessful 12 However it is not clear that DST would conserve energy in Japan A 2007 simulation estimated that introducing DST to Japan would increase energy use in Osaka residences by 0 13 with a 0 02 saving due to lighting more than outweighed by a 0 15 increase due to cooling costs the simulation did not examine non residential buildings 13 See also EditJapanese calendar Japanese clock JJY UTC 09 00References Edit Time and Date 13 September 2020 Current Local Time in Japan Retrieved 12 September 2020 There is a difference between GMT and UTC which can be as much as 0 9 seconds Japan now legally uses an atomic clock synchronized to UTC 明治十九年勅令第五十一号 本初子午線経度計算方及標準時ノ件 明治十九年七月十三日勅令第五十一号 英国グリニツチ天文台子午儀ノ中心ヲ経過スル子午線ヲ以テ経度ノ本初子午線トス 経度ハ本初子午線ヨリ起算シ東西各百八十度ニ至リ東経ヲ正トシ西経ヲ負トス 明治二十一年一月一日ヨリ東経百三十五度ノ子午線ノ時ヲ以テ本邦一般ノ標準時ト定ム 明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號 標準時ニ關スル件 Wikisource 昭和十二年勅令第五百二十九號 明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 Wikisource 昭和二十三年法律第二十九号 夏時刻法 Wikisource Outline of the report on the National Conference on the Global Environment and Summer Time The Energy Conservation Center Japan September 1998 Archived from the original on 2007 04 09 Retrieved 2007 04 14 Hongo Jun Daylight saving Is it finally time to convert Japan Times 28 June 2011 p 3 Preston Phro 24 May 2013 Gov t considers setting clock ahead by two hours Japan Today Retrieved 24 June 2020 Schreiber Mark 28 April 2002 Japan s long awaited spring Japan Times Tokyo Retrieved 13 September 2020 Hongo Jun Daylight saving Is it finally time to convert Japan Times 28 June 2011 p 3 Thousands in Japan Adopt Daylight Saving Plan Panel to call for daylight saving time Yomiuri Shimbun 2007 06 02 Archived from the original on 2007 06 06 Retrieved 2007 06 02 Yoshiyuki Shimoda Takahiro Asahia Ayako Taniguchia Minoru Mizuno 2007 Evaluation of city scale impact of residential energy conservation measures using the detailed end use simulation model Energy 32 9 1617 1633 doi 10 1016 j energy 2007 01 007 External links Edit Japanese Wikisource has original text related to this article 明治十九年勅令第五十一号 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Japan Standard Time amp oldid 1152384381, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
