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Vivian Beaumont Theater

January 01, 1970

The Vivian Beaumont Theater is a Broadway theater in the Lincoln Center complex at 150 West 65th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Operated by the nonprofit Lincoln Center Theater (LCT), the Beaumont is the only Broadway theater outside the Theater District near Times Square. Named after heiress and actress Vivian Beaumont Allen, the theater was one of the last structures designed by modernist architect Eero Saarinen. The theater shares a building with the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts and contains two off-Broadway venues, the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater and the Claire Tow Theater.

Vivian Beaumont Theater
Address150 West 65th Street
Manhattan, New York City
United States
Coordinates40°46′25″N 73°59′03″W / 40.77361°N 73.98417°W / 40.77361; -73.98417
Public transitSubway 1 train at 66th Street–Lincoln Center
NYC Bus: M5, M7, M11, M20, M66, M104
OwnerLincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. (LCPA)
OperatorLincoln Center Theater (LCT)
TypeBroadway
Capacity1,080
ProductionUncle Vanya
Construction
OpenedOctober 21, 1965
ArchitectEero Saarinen and Jo Mielziner
Website
www.lct.org

The Beaumont occupies the southern and western sides of its building's first and second floors, while the library wraps above and on top of it. The main facade faces Lincoln Center's plaza and is made of glass and steel, with a travertine attic above. The main auditorium has approximately 1,080 seats across two levels, arranged in a steeply sloped semicircular layout. The Beaumont differs from traditional Broadway theaters because of its use of a flexible stage, which could be extended with a thrust stage of varying length. The layout led to complaints about inferior sightlines and acoustics in the theater's early years. The 299-seat Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater is in the basement and the 112-seat Claire Tow Theater is on the roof.

Allen donated $3 million for the theater's construction in 1958 but died before its completion. The Beaumont opened on October 21, 1965, and was originally operated by Jules Irving and Herbert Blau of the Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center, generally presenting four shows a season. The Beaumont was managed by the New York Shakespeare Festival, under the direction of Joseph Papp, from 1973 to 1977. Richmond Crinkley took over the theater for the next eight years, with the Beaumont only operating for two seasons during that time. Controversies over the Beaumont's operation, a proposed renovation, and financial difficulties led to LCT being reorganized in 1985, with Gregory Mosher and Bernard Gersten taking over as the new Director and Executive Producer. The Beaumont became much more successful and was renovated in 1996. The theater has hosted several popular productions since the late 1980s, including Anything Goes, Contact, The Light in the Piazza, South Pacific, The King and I, and My Fair Lady.

Description edit

The Vivian Beaumont Theater was designed by Finnish American architect Eero Saarinen, with Broadway scenic designer Jo Mielziner overseeing the design of the interior.[1][2] It is part of Lincoln Center, a performing arts complex on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.[3] The Beaumont is in the same building as the New York Public Library (NYPL)'s Performing Arts Library, designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM).[2][4][5] Various contractors were also involved in the Beaumont's construction, including general contractor Turner Construction,[6] acoustical engineer Bolt Beranek & Newman,[7] structural engineer Ammann & Whitney and mechanical engineer Syska Hennessy.[6][7][8]

The library–theater building is on the western side of Paul Milstein Pool and Terrace, the elevated plaza at the middle of Lincoln Center, just south of 65th Street.[2][3][9] The plaza contains a reflecting pool at its center, measuring around 80 ft (24 m) wide and 120 or 125 ft (37 or 38 m) long.[5][10][a] Inside the plaza, just outside the theater's entrance, is a blackened-steel sculpture by Alexander Calder entitled Le Guichet. Named after the French word for "ticket window", the sculpture measures 14 ft (4.3 m) wide by 22 ft (6.7 m) high.[10][11] Another sculpture by Henry Moore, entitled Reclining Figure, is in the pool.[12] The structure faces the Metropolitan Opera House to the south; David Geffen Hall to the east; and the Juilliard School to the north, via a pedestrian bridge across 65th Street.[9][10]

Form and facade edit

The library–theater building was the third to open at Lincoln Center.[13] Original plans conceived the library and theater as separate buildings, but the structures were combined in the final plan.[4][14] The theater forms the building's core and occupies the southern and western sides of the building's first and second floors.[4][15][16] The library runs along the building's northern and eastern sides, as well as much of the third floor. The theater's stage house protrudes through the third floor, with the library running around it in a "doughnut" shape. Another entrance to the library, facing west toward Amsterdam Avenue, is below the theater.[15][16] The attic houses the library's stacks.[15][17]

SOM and Saarinen collaborated on the design of the exteriors.[4] The main facade, along Lincoln Center's plaza, is two stories high and made of glass and steel.[15] The facade consists of a glass curtain wall and two recessed square concrete columns, which create a peristyle flanking the curtain wall.[18][19] Unlike the travertine surface of the plaza, the columns are finished in exposed aggregate.[18] The columns are attached to the attic via steel pins with large bronze pyramidal covers. The other wall surfaces are clad in travertine.[10][18][19]

The exterior of the library–theater building contains a heavy roof that protrudes over the main facade, which is covered in travertine.[10][19] The roof was designed to screen the library and its performing-arts museum behind it. The top of the roof originally had an exposed-aggregate finish, but this was subsequently covered with stone pavement. On the underside of the roof are coffers containing recessed downlights as well as fluorescent uplights. Similar lighting fixtures are used in the theater's lobby as well as throughout the library's interior.[19] The roof is carried by two Vierendeel trusses measuring 20 ft (6.1 m) high and 153 ft (47 m) long.[8][19][18][b] Part of the library, housing the Vincent Astor Gallery,[20] is placed between the trusses.[21][16]

Interior edit

The Beaumont contains three theaters operated by Lincoln Center Theater (LCT): the main auditorium, which is classified as a Broadway theater, as well as two off-Broadway venues, the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater and the Claire Tow Theater.[22] The main auditorium is the only Broadway theater outside Manhattan's Theater District,[23] and productions there are eligible for Tony Awards.[24] The off-Broadway houses' productions are not eligible for Tony Awards unless they move to the Beaumont or another Broadway theater.[25]

The Beaumont has two main access points. Vehicular traffic enters through a ramp beneath the theater, where patrons take elevators to the orchestra. Pedestrians enter through the main plaza facing David Geffen Hall and the Metropolitan Opera House.[10][26] The plaza-level lobby is midway between the orchestra and balcony levels of the primary auditorium.[10][16][19] The plaza-level lobby is plain in design[10] and was originally decorated in travertine and bronze, with white wall panels and red carpets.[16] Rather than a traditional coat room, the theater had lockers along its public corridors.[16][19][27] Broad, curving double staircases lead to from the lobby to both levels of seating. Below the orchestra, another flight of stairs leads down to the Newhouse Theater.[19] An elevator also connected all the stories.[16]

Primary auditorium edit

The Beaumont uses steeply sloped stadium seating.[8][19] Unlike other Broadway theaters, the stage could be configured as a traditional proscenium stage or extended with a thrust stage of varying length.[10][26][28] Backstage, there is 10,000 sq ft (930 m2) for set storage.[29][30] The stage and its backstage facilities take up about 75 percent of the theater's area.[16][30]

Seating areas edit
 
View of auditorium from balcony level. The auditorium has steeply sloped stadium seating, arranged in a semicircle with its ends cut back. Here, the front rows at orchestra level are arranged in a proscenium configuration. These front rows are placed on a turntable; they can be removed whenever a thrust stage is used.

The Broadway League cites the main auditorium as having 1,080 seats,[31] while Playbill gives a figure of 1,069 seats.[23] The main auditorium originally had approximately 1,100 seats,[28][29] with about 770 in the orchestra level and 330 in the balcony level.[8][10][26][30][c] The actual capacity depended on the configuration of the stage.[32] Thirty seats at the front of the orchestra can be stored in the basement when thrust stage is used.[26][30] Additional seats can be removed to make way for vomitories.[16][27] Consequently, the theater could have 1,146 seats if a proscenium stage were used, or 1,102 seats if there was an orchestra pit in front of the stage. In a thrust-stage configuration, the theater could have 1,113 seats, which was reduced to 1,083 if actors were allowed to pass through the orchestra seating to get to the stage.[32]

The seating is arranged in a semicircle with its ends cut back, allowing adequate sightlines when a traditional proscenium stage is used.[33] A cantilevered walkway leads to the balcony level,[8] which only has five rows of seats, two of which cantilever over the orchestra.[16][26][30] In all configurations, every seat is at most 65 ft (20 m) from the stage.[8][10][29] The American Seating Company installed the seats, which were originally upholstered in red fabric. Plaques were mounted onto the backs of each seat, indicating the seat number and the name of a donor.[34] The seats were covered with deep burgundy fabric in 1990.[35][36]

The auditorium had a minimalist decorative scheme.[10] The original decorations comprised dark brown wood and metal, as well as red and gray carpets.[7][33] The design includes curving oval motifs, which visually connect the two levels of seating with the stage and ceiling.[28] The aisle lights were recessed into the ends of the aisles. Typical theaters had lights embedded within the risers of the stairs in each aisle, but the theater's semicircular arrangement meant that such lights could be distracting to patrons on the opposite side of the auditorium.[33]

Other design features edit

There are seven removable panels placed across the proscenium opening.[8][15][16] When all the panels are removed, the proscenium is 58 ft (18 m) wide; the panels can also be used to seal the proscenium completely. The two outermost panels must be manually removed, while the other five panels can be lifted mechanically using a counterweight system. Because of the presence of the removable panels, the stage curtain is placed in front of the proscenium opening, contrary to in most theaters. The stage curtain is mounted on a curving steel frame, which runs parallel to the 14 ft-deep (4.3 m) stage apron.[16] The entire stage was illuminated with 565 spotlights, hung from four semicircular catwalks and hidden behind "fins" on the ceiling.[16] The Beaumont was the first Broadway theater with an electronic lighting system because, as Mielziner said, "Economically, we can't afford to use old switchboards and old methods".[37] Speakers were installed during the mid-1990s because, as designed, the auditorium had poor acoustics.[38]

The stage covers 11,000 sq ft (1,000 m2).[28][29][30][d] This was far larger than any other Broadway theater's stage at the time; the next largest stage covered 2,914 sq ft (270.7 m2).[16][26] The Beaumont's thrust stage, when fully extended, is 28 ft (8.5 m) deep and 25 ft (7.6 m) wide and is placed on a lift that can descend to the basement.[16] Lincoln Center's drama consultant Robert Whitehead had wanted the thrust stage, saying: "There is something exciting in the way the action spills out into the audience and the audience embraces it."[39] For productions that use only the thrust stage, performers enter from underneath the stage, and the proscenium is closed off.[26] Various tunnels were provided under the seating areas for this purpose.[19] Since the semicircular seating precluded good views of the rear of the proscenium stage, many of the theater's productions were forced to use the front of the apron.[40] The unconventional mixture of stage designs prompted many designers and directors to avoid the theater entirely.[38]

Beneath the stage is a turntable measuring 46 ft (14 m) across, which allows the thrust stage to be expanded.[8][16][26] When the thrust stage was used, the first seven rows of the orchestra could be lowered into the basement.[8][26] The turntable carries a semicircular floor panel with rows of orchestra seating (for when the theater is configured as a proscenium stage), as well as another semicircular panel with the thrust stage and three rows of seating. Whenever the stage is reconfigured, the lifts beneath the front orchestra rows and the thrust stage are lowered. The semicircular floor panels are then unlocked from the lift and connected to each other before being rotated, disconnected, and raised.[16] A second platform, measuring 5 ft (1.5 m) wide,[16] surrounds the turntable and can move independently.[8][16]

Off-Broadway spaces edit

Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater edit

In the lower level of the building is the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater, originally known as the Forum when it opened on November 10, 1967.[41] The theater was renamed in 1972 for Mrs. Samuel I. Newhouse, a prominent patron of the theater.[42] Designed by Saarinen and Mielziner, the Newhouse is a 299-seat venue in which Lincoln Center Theater presents its off-Broadway plays and musicals.[15][7] The Newhouse Theater originally was accessible only through the Beaumont's parking garage.[15] Unlike the larger Broadway theater above, the Newhouse only contains a thrust stage. Its existence came about because, during planning, Lincoln Center's board could not agree on what types of productions the Forum should present.[32]

Claire Tow Theater edit

In June 2012, LCT opened the Claire Tow Theater on the Beaumont's roof,[43] which features work by emerging playwrights, directors, and designers. The auditorium is named for Claire Tow, whose husband Leonard Tow, an LCT board member, donated $7.5 million.[22] Located on the Beaumont's planted green roof, the Claire Tow Theater seats 112 people and cost about $41 million to construct. The space was designed by Hugh Hardy, who had assisted Mielziner in the Vivian Beaumont Theater's original design.[44][45] The two-story, 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) glass enclosure has the same width as the Beaumont's base.[44] The theater is accessed by elevators within the NYPL section of the building. In addition to the auditorium, the Claire Tow houses rehearsal space, dressing quarters, offices, and a pocket lobby with a bar. The structure is wrapped inside a grille of aluminum louvers that help screen out the sun.[17] Hardy used simple materials for the interior, including stained oak for the lobby floors and walnut for the theater’s sloping walls.[22] The bar features Overture, a 2012 sculpture by Kiki Smith.[17][44]

History edit

Development edit

Buildings of Lincoln Center
 
 
 
 
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110yds
 
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Buildings and structures in Lincoln Center:
1
Samuel B. and David Rose Building (includes Walter Reade Theater)
2
Juilliard School
3
Alice Tully Hall
4
Vivian Beaumont Theater (includes Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater and Claire Tow Theater)
5
Elinor Bunin Monroe Film Center
6
David Geffen Hall
7
New York Public Library for the Performing Arts (includes Bruno Walter Auditorium)
8
Metropolitan Opera House
9
Josie Robertson Plaza with Revson Fountain
10
Damrosch Park
11
David H. Koch Theater
12
David Rubenstein Atrium
13
Jazz at Lincoln Center

The Lincoln Square Renewal Project had been proposed in 1955 as part of urban planner Robert Moses's urban renewal program.[46][47] The Lincoln Center performing-arts complex became a key part of the urban renewal, though it was not part of Moses's initial intentions for the site.[47][48] John D. Rockefeller III led Lincoln Center's development, which from the start included venues for the New York Philharmonic, Metropolitan Opera, and New York City Ballet.[48][49] The first plans for the complex, announced in May 1956, included plans for five commercial theaters.[50][51][52] Lincoln Center Inc. was founded in June 1956 to oversee the development,[50] and the company acquired the land in February 1958.[53][54][55] Vivian Beaumont Allen, a former actress and heiress to the May Department Stores fortune, donated $3 million in May 1958 for the construction of the repertory theater at Lincoln Center.[56][57] Lincoln Center's board of directors then pledged to name the theater after Allen,[57] and Rockefeller named Robert Whitehead as the consultant on the repertory theater.[58][59]

Planning edit

Wallace Harrison, the architect of the Philharmonic Hall, had declined an offer to design the other buildings in the complex but helped select the other architects.[49][53][60] Various prominent architects and engineers were invited as consultants for the development,[53][61] but Lincoln Center Inc. recommended that only American architects be selected for the final designs.[5][53] The repertory theater and library were the last two buildings at Lincoln Center for which architects were selected. In November 1958, Eero Saarinen was selected as the architect for the Beaumont Theater, while Gordon Bunshaft was picked to design the performing-arts library.[62][63] Even though Saarinen was not as well-connected as some of Lincoln Center's other architects, he was both an experienced auditorium designer and a prominent architect in the middle of his career.[60] Whitehead and Harrison had chosen Saarinen for this reason.[19] Shortly afterward, Jo Mielziner was hired to collaborate on the theater's interior design.[64][65] The complex's general contractors were selected in January 1959.[66]

Originally, the repertory theater and the library were to be separate buildings.[2] Allen expressed concerns that the site allotted to the repertory theater was too small, in part because Robert Moses was intractable in his refusal to reduce the size of the nearby Damrosch Park.[67] After the New York Public Library (NYPL) joined the project in June 1959,[68] the library building and repertory theater were combined by that October, saving both money and space.[69][70] Saarinen and Bunshaft had decided that "one building could house the two facilities better than two".[14][71] During late 1959, Elia Kazan was also hired as a consultant for the repertory theater, helping Whitehead select the productions.[72][73] Whitehead and Kazan established the nonprofit Lincoln Center Repertory Company in February 1960 to oversee the Beaumont's programming.[74][75]

Only two conflicts between Saarinen and Bunshaft arose during the three-year planning process. Saarinen wanted to use three columns at each of the building's corners, while Bunshaft wanted to use one column; in addition, both architects sought to create the building's technical drawings. In the end, the architects used Bunshaft's column arrangement and Saarinen created the technical drawings.[7][8][10] The architects considered and rejected 15 plans for the theater;[15][26] one such plan envisioned the Beaumont Theater with a concave roof in the center, supported by piers on either side.[10] The final scheme was tested in an unused movie theater in Pontiac, Michigan, where Mielziner drew up plans for theatrical sets he had designed in the past.[15][27] By August 1960, Saarinen and Mielziner had reportedly finalized their plans for the repertory theater and the basement Forum,[76] but they made minor modifications to these plans before the end of the year.[77]

Construction edit

In January 1961, the New York state and city governments agreed to fund several buildings in Lincoln Center. The city would provide $12 million in total, including $8.2 million to the library–theater building, but none of the state's funding would go toward the library–theater.[78] The design details were nearly finished when the New York City Council voted that March to withhold its funding for Lincoln Center.[79][80] This move might have forced a redesign of the theater and library.[81] However, the Rockefeller family (including state governor Nelson Rockefeller) agreed to cover the city's $12 million commitment so the theater could be completed by the 1964 New York World's Fair.[82]

Following Saarinen's sudden death on September 1, 1961, his firm continued to work on the theater's development.[83] The next month, excavation started on the library–theater building's site.[84] That November, Saarinen's firm announced final plans for the repertory theater. Site excavation was more than half finished, and the repertory theater was renamed after Allen at this time.[84] Lincoln Center's directors reported in March 1962 that the Beaumont's completion had been delayed to at least 1964. The delay was caused by the relocation of the repertory group's offices from the Juilliard School building into the library–theater building.[85] Allen never saw her namesake theater completed, as she died in late 1962.[86]

The Lincoln Center Repertory Company intended to premiere productions in 1963, regardless of whether the Beaumont Theater was completed.[87][88] The theatre company began training in October 1962[89][90] and moved into the ANTA Washington Square Theatre, a temporary venue in Greenwich Village, in January 1964.[91] Due to conflicts with Lincoln Center president William Schuman, Whitehead and Kazan resigned and were replaced by Herbert Blau and Jules Irving.[92][93] By April 1965, Schuman and the repertory company's new president Robert L. Hoguet Jr. promised that the theater would open that June.[94] The next month, a revival of Georg Büchner's play Danton's Death was booked as the Beaumont's inaugural production, and the opening date was pushed to October 21.[95][96] The library–theater building ultimately cost $17 million, partly funded by $3 million from Allen and $7.5 million from the NYPL.[19] Allen's philanthropic foundation also gave $2.1 million for training the repertory company's members.[27]

Lincoln Center Repertory Company operation edit

First two seasons edit

 
Seen from the elevated plaza

The Beaumont opened to the public on October 12, 1965, with previews of Danton's Death.[27] The Beaumont was dedicated on October 14[97] and hosted a fundraising gala on October 20, which raised more than $100,000.[98] The theater officially opened on October 21,[99][e] when regular performances of Danton's Death began.[101][102] The Beaumont's opening was not as widely reported in the media as some of Lincoln Center's other buildings, but it did receive mostly positive commentary.[7] Progressive Architecture wrote that the theater was "one of the most innovational theater facilities in this country".[6] John Chapman of the New York Daily News called the Beaumont's opening "the most important theatrical event of the 1965–66 season in this city", despite the mediocrity of Danton's Death.[103] Wolf Von Eckardt wrote for The Washington Post that the Beaumont had a "classic" architectural appearance "without sweat or striving".[104] The New York Concrete Board gave the Beaumont an award for the quality of its construction.[105]

The Beaumont frequently starred Philip Bosco, Aline MacMahon, Nancy Marchand, and Robert Symonds in its early productions.[93] The Lincoln Center Repertory Company offered subscriptions to each season of plays at the Beaumont. When the first preview of Danton's Death commenced, there were already 41,500 subscribers for the Beaumont's first season, representing over 90 percent of all available subscriptions.[27] The other productions of the season were revivals of The Country Wife in December 1965,[106] The Condemned of Altona in January 1966,[107] and The Caucasian Chalk Circle in March 1966.[108] While the first season had high grosses, there was much criticism of the plays themselves.[93][109] Richard P. Cooke of The Wall Street Journal said the Lincoln Center Repertory Company "is still struggling for popular and critical acclaim", despite having both ample funding and up-to-date equipment at the Beaumont.[109] Furthermore, the theater itself ran a deficit of several hundred thousand dollars each season, as the expenses outweighed the profits.[41]

The theater had 31,400 subscribers before the first play of the Beaumont's second season opened in late 1966.[110] The season's first two plays were The Alchemist[111] and Yerma.[112] Blau left at the beginning of 1967, saying: "The climate is no longer right for me to do what I came to do in the form I had in mind."[113] Afterward, the Beaumont produced Galileo in April 1967.[114][115][116] Galileo was the first play by an American playwright at the Beaumont, placating critics who objected to the number of plays by foreign authors.[117] Next, Alexander H. Cohen leased the theater[117] for the opening of The Unknown Soldier and His Wife that July.[118] The repertory program was still not successful; The New York Times reported in late 1967 that Lincoln Center's "inability to build a successful repertory theater" was the complex's "greatest shortcoming" creatively.[119] The experimental Forum in the Beaumont's basement opened on November 10, 1967.[41]

Jules Irving management edit

The third season featured the plays The Little Foxes, Saint Joan, Tiger at the Gates, and Cyrano de Bergerac. As part of the 1968 Lincoln Center Festival, French theatre company Théâtre de la Cité performed The Three Musketeers, George Dandin, and Tartuffe at the Beaumont.[120] This was followed by the play Lovers, also performed as part of the festival.[120][121] The plays King Lear and A Cry of Players opened at the Beaumont in late 1968, running as a double bill.[120] At the beginning of 1969, Robert Montgomery became the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater's president.[122][123] The Beaumont hosted the play In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer during much of the remainder of the season,[120] interrupted by a short run of The Miser that May.[124] The Beaumont's fifth season in 1969–1970 featured four American plays:[120][125] The Time of Your Life, Camino Real, Operation Sidewinder, and Beggar on Horseback.[120] Montgomery resigned in April 1970, a year after his appointment.[126] The sixth season in 1970–1971 was composed entirely of revivals[127] and included The Good Woman of Setzuan, The Playboy of the Western World, An Enemy of the People, and Antigone.[120]

The Beaumont still ran at a deficit, despite near-capacity attendance.[122] Amyas Ames, who had become Lincoln Center's chairman in 1970, found the Beaumont Theater was losing $750,000 a year.[128] Lincoln Center's directors forgave $200,000 of the repertory company's debts and agreed to provide another $125,000 a year to cover high overhead costs.[129] In January 1971, City Center proposed taking over the Beaumont and conducting renovations. The plans included relocating the Forum behind the Beaumont's stage and adding three film screens in the Forum space.[128] Mielziner opposed the plans, saying it would compromise the quality of the Beaumont's design,[130][131] but supporters said the main auditorium would not be touched and that the Forum would only be relocated to a better location.[132] That September, the New York City Board of Estimate approved $5.2 million for the renovations.[130] After Irving testified against the plans the next month, the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater was given the chance to submit an alternate plan for the theater.[133][134] The theatre company proposed selling 500 annual subscriptions of $1,000 to cover the remaining debt.[135][136] City Center formally withdrew its plan in December 1971, citing the opposition.[137]

Throughout the dispute over the planned renovation, the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater had scheduled four shows for the Beaumont's seventh season in 1971–1972.[138] Mary Stuart opened in late 1971, followed the next year by Narrow Road to the Deep North, Twelfth Night, and The Crucible.[120] The musical Man of La Mancha, which was not part of the regular season,[139] was revived in mid-1972 to large success.[140] The Beaumont's 1972–1973 season featured Enemies, The Plough and the Stars, The Merchant of Venice, and A Streetcar Named Desire. By then, the Forum was mostly screening films.[120] The Forum's season was canceled in October 1972 due to a lack of funds, and Irving resigned as the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater's artistic director as a direct result.[141][142] Lincoln Center had granted $150,000 to fund the Beaumont's eighth season but was unwilling to repeat the grant.[142][143] With Irving gone, Lincoln Center's board decided that, for the 1973–1974 season, they would book a "guest season" of shows from regional theaters. The guest season would run for one year, allowing the Lincoln Center Theater to search for a new artistic leader and give them time to transition into the job.[144][145]

Papp operation edit

 
Side view of theater entrance

In March 1973, Joseph Papp of the New York Shakespeare Festival agreed to take over the Beaumont as long as he were able to raise $5 million.[146][147] Papp used the Beaumont to present new productions and continued to stage experimental shows at The Public Theater.[139][148] The Forum in the basement would be used for classical plays, a reversal of Irving's policy.[148] Mitzi Newhouse gave Papp a grant of $1 million that May, the largest individual grant ever made for the Shakespeare Festival,[149][150] and the Forum was named for Newhouse.[151] The Shakespeare Festival's first production at the Beaumont, David Rabe's play In the Boom Boom Room, opened in November 1973[152] and was followed the next year by Hugh Miller's The Au Pair Man, Ron Milner's What the Wine Sellers Buy, and Miguel Piñero's Short Eyes. Of these, only Short Eyes was successful.[139][153] During the 1974–1975 season, the Shakespeare Festival presented Anne Burr's Mert & Phil, Bill Gunn's Black Picture Show, Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, and Anthony Scully's Little Black Sheep. As with the previous season, these plays generally had only lukewarm reception.[139]

Papp announced in early 1975 that he would change the Beaumont's programming to revivals of traditional plays and dramas with established performers, citing "hostility" from the audiences. The previous season had only 22,000 subscribers, compared with 27,000 during the 1973–1974 season. He also wanted to raise $3–4 million to renovate the Beaumont with a permanent proscenium stage.[154][155] In accordance with his new policy, Papp scheduled four revivals for the 1975–1976 season: Trelawny of the "Wells", Hamlet, Mrs. Warren's Profession, and The Threepenny Opera.[156] These plays were generally much more successful,[139] and The Threepenny Opera was extended through the end of 1976.[157] The lengthy run of The Threepenny Opera, as well as financial shortfalls, prompted Papp to delay the beginning of the following season to February 1977, canceling two of the four shows scheduled for the season.[158] Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard and Aeschylus's classic Agamemnon were the only plays featured during that season.[139] Papp presented plans for a $6.5 million renovation of the Beaumont to Lincoln Center's directors in April 1977. Giorgio Cavaglieri designed a new flexible auditorium, which if approved would be built during the 1978–1979 season.[159]

Papp announced in June 1977 that he would no longer operate the Beaumont, citing increasing operating costs.[160][161] As a result, The Cherry Orchard was forced to close prematurely in August 1977, with Lincoln Center's directors warning that the theater might be closed for two years.[162] At the time, even a successful season could incur a deficit of $2 million; the previous season had seen operating debts of $6.2 million and ticket sales of only $3.9 million.[160] This was despite the fact that Papp had been able to reach 97 percent of audience capacity for many shows.[148] The theater stayed closed even though there was an ongoing shortage of available theaters for new productions. Lincoln Center's directors said the Beaumont's operating expenses were twice as high as traditional Broadway theaters; it cost $1.55 million to mount a typical production at the Beaumont, compared to $930,000 at a typical Broadway theater.[163]

Attempted revival edit

Crinkley operation edit

After Papp's sudden departure, Lincoln Center's directors hurried to make arrangements with other producers and theatrical companies to keep the Beaumont open.[164] During its closure, the Beaumont held a benefit party for Paul Robeson in August 1977.[165] American National Theater and Academy director Richmond Crinkley was named as the Beaumont's director in early 1978.[166] At the end of the year, Woody Allen, Sarah Caldwell, Liviu Ciulei, Robin Phillips, and Ellis Rabb were appointed as the theater's new directors, and Edward Albee was hired as the in-house playwright.[167][168] The Beaumont's directors leased the theater from Lincoln Center.[169] The following May, the theater signed new contracts with Actors' Equity Association and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees that allowed the Beaumont to operate as a League of Resident Theatres' venue, thereby decreasing operating costs.[170]

The theater's directors wished to raise $2 million in reserves before reopening the theater, and they wanted to operate for at least one full season. Consequently, the planned reopening in 1979 was pushed back by one year.[171] Crinkley's team wanted to present classics alongside the occasional new production.[172] The directors spent $2 million on improvements, including adding a rehearsal room below the stage and renovating the lobby.[173] In July 1980, the directors announced the lineup for the 1980–1981 season,[173][174] which began in October with a rehearsal of Philip Barry's comedy The Philadelphia Story.[175] The two other plays that season were a revival of Macbeth and Woody Allen's The Floating Light Bulb.[173][176] The poor reception to the three plays prompted Crinkley to keep the theater closed after the 1980–1981 season, which put him in conflict with Lincoln Center chairman Martin E. Segal.[177]

Canceled renovation and disputes edit

Crinkley wanted to convert the Beaumont into a proscenium theater, resolving not only poor sightlines but also inferior acoustics that required some of the more recent plays to use amplification.[40] In May 1981, the Fan Fox and Leslie R. Samuels Foundation granted Lincoln Center $4 million each for the renovations of the Beaumont and State (now Koch) theaters.[178][179] Frederick R. Koch had pledged $1 million to match the Fox/Samuels grant, and another board member of the Lincoln Center Theater had pledged $500,000.[180] Acoustics expert Cyril Harris and architect I. M. Pei were hired to renovate the Beaumont. In addition to changes to the stage and proscenium opening, the theater would be rebuilt with a shallower raked floor, and the seating capacity would be increased to 1,200.[178][181] The Beaumont's renovation was planned to cost $6.5 million and begin in November 1981, but the renovation soon encountered delays, as Harris and Pei could not reconcile their disagreement over the proscenium opening's acoustic and esthetic features.[182]

Pei resigned from the project in February 1982 after he was unable to propose a design with which Harris agreed.[183][184] As a result, Koch withdrew his $1 million grant.[180] Though a new restoration architect was not appointed for several months afterward, Philip Johnson was reportedly working with Harris.[181][185] Due to increasing renovation costs, Lincoln Center's board considered delaying the renovation indefinitely by mid-1982.[185] The Fan Fox and Leslie R. Samuels Foundation withdrew its $4 million grant in November 1982.[186][187] Leslie R. Samuels said the theater's directors had not raised enough money to cover the rest of the renovation, which had increased to $8 million.[187] By then, Harris was no longer affiliated with the renovation.[186]

Conflicts over the Beaumont's operation persisted through 1983. Lincoln Center's board prioritized reopening the Beaumont for shows, while the theater's directors wanted to renovate the auditorium first. Lincoln Center had requested that the Beaumont's board raise $3 million for a renovation before the end of 1983. Another point of contention was responsibility over maintenance; the NYPL was paying all maintenance expenses for the library–theater building while the Beaumont stood dark, which cost the library an additional $150,000 from 1981 to 1983.[188] Crinkley even objected to the Lincoln Center board's decision in mid-1983 to book the musical La Tragedie de Carmen for the theater, because he had wanted the sole rights to book shows there.[169] In August 1983, Lincoln Center's directors voted to prohibit the Beaumont's board from using either the "Lincoln Center Theater Company" name or $500,000 in annual funds.[189][190] The Beaumont reopened that November with La Tragedie de Carmen.[191][192] At the end of Carmen's run, Lincoln Center's restrictions against the Beaumont board were still in effect, prompting renewed discussions.[193] The Greek National Troupe performed Oedipus Rex in 1984.[194]

Lincoln Center Theater operation edit

The directors of Lincoln Center and the Beaumont reached an agreement in June 1984 in which the Beaumont's management would be reorganized in exchange for the lifting of restrictions. Ten board members and a new chairman would be hired, the Beaumont's board had to publish a detailed report about their goals, missions, and operations.[195][196] Accordingly, former New York City mayor John Lindsay was appointed as the Beaumont's chairman in September 1984,[197][198] and Crinkley stepped down the next month.[199][200] Lindsay submitted a report at the end of that November, promising an "artistic purpose" and proposing a partnership with Juilliard.[201] Gregory Mosher was hired as the director of the Lincoln Center Theater in April 1985,[202][203] and Bernard Gersten was appointed as the Beaumont's executive producer that June.[204] Unlike his predecessors, Mosher believed the Beaumont could operate viably without being renovated.[205]

1980s and 1990s edit

 
Seen in 2003

The Beaumont's leadership hosted a party at the theater in December 1985 to celebrate its upcoming reopening.[206] The Flying Karamazov Brothers performed a live show at the Beaumont in April 1986, the first at the main auditorium under the new leadership.[207][f] It was followed the same month by a revival of John Guare's play The House of Blue Leaves,[209] which transferred upstairs from the Newhouse.[210] The 1986–1987 season was the first full season since 1980–1981.[211] The season's offerings consisted of Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur's comedy The Front Page; Wole Soyinka's drama Death and the King’s Horseman; Bill Irwin's mime show The Regard of Flight and The Clown Bagatelles; and Robert Woodruff and The Flying Karamazov Brothers' version of The Comedy of Errors.[192]

LCT made relatively minor changes to the theater in the late 1980s, spending $25,000 on handrails and having productions use the thrust stage.[212] The next production, a revision of Cole Porter's musical Anything Goes, opened in October 1987[213][214] and ran for 804 performances over the next two years.[215][216] LCT's 1988–1989 season was hosted at the Lyceum Theatre as a result of the extended run of Anything Goes.[217] LCT also planned to raise $900,000 for further improvements to the Newhouse and Beaumont.[218] The 1989–1990 season at the Beaumont consisted of two shows: a revival of Paddy Chayefsky's play The Tenth Man[219] and a transfer of Richard Nelson's play Some Americans Abroad.[220] The Beaumont was renovated between these engagements.[35][36] The renovation cost $1.6 million and included repairing the roof and travertine surfaces, reupholstering the seats, and adding carpets and handrails.[36]

The Guare play Six Degrees of Separation opened at the Beaumont in November 1990,[221][222] running for 485 performances.[223] LCT started booking solo engagements during nights when shows did not run,[224] starting with Spalding Gray's Monster in a Box monologue in 1991.[225] After André Bishop replaced Mosher in early 1992,[226] Guare's play Four Baboons Adoring the Sun opened at the Beaumont.[192][227] The musical version of My Favorite Year opened that December,[228] but it was not a success, and neither was a revival of Jane Bowles's In the Summer House in August 1993.[192] Gray returned in November 1993 for his monologue series Gray's Anatomy,[229] shortly before the play Abe Lincoln in Illinois opened;[230] the engagements ran simultaneously.[224] The theatre next produced a recreation of the Royal National Theatre production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical Carousel, which opened in March 1994,[231][232][233] followed later the same year by another engagement of Gray's Anatomy.[234] The theater hosted Tom Stoppard's play Arcadia[235] and David Hare's play Racing Demon in 1995.[236] Following complaints over poor acoustics, System for Improved Acoustic Performance installed 88 speakers and some microphones after Arcadia closed.[237]

By the mid-1990s, the Beaumont was finally running a surplus. LCT had a $25 million annual budget and had sold all 41,000 subscriptions to the theater, with 12,000 people on a waiting list.[38] In December 1995, LCT announced it would close the Beaumont for an extensive renovation lasting six to eight months, relocating Broadway shows to the Plymouth Theatre. The project was originally estimated to cost $4.7 million.[238] The renovation, led by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates,[239] involved modifying mechanical systems, improving acoustics, and adding accessible restrooms and seating areas.[238][239] The work ultimately cost $6.2 million.[38] The Beaumont reopened in November 1996 with the musical Juan Darién: A Carnival Mass.[240] This was followed in 1997 by another revival of The Little Foxes[241] as well as Ivanov.[242] The next year, the theater hosted Eugene O'Neill's comedy Ah, Wilderness!;[243] a revival of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night;[244] and a short-lived musical version of Parade.[245] The last productions of the decade were the revue It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues[246] and the musical Marie Christine in 1999.[247] In addition to these Broadway shows, Spalding Gray returned for two monologues: It's a Slippery Slope in 1996[248] and Morning, Noon and Night in 1999.[249]

2000s to present edit

Further modifications to the Beaumont were proposed in the early 2000s, when Lincoln Center planned to renovate the Beaumont's and Newhouse's lobbies for $58 million as part of a larger renovation of the complex.[250] Susan Stroman's musical Contact opened in 2000 and ran for 1,010 performances.[251] The Beaumont continued to host special productions, including concert series and one-time concerts.[224] Two specials ran during Contact's engagement: Patti LuPone's concert series Matters of the Heart in 2000[252] and the play QED in 2001.[253] Barbara Cook performed the concert series Mostly Sondheim in 2002,[254] followed later that year by the play Dinner at Eight.[255] The Beaumont's 2003–2004 season saw the opening of two Shakespeare revivals (Part 1 and Part 2 of Henry IV[256] and King Lear[257]), succeeded by another Barbara Cook concert.[258] During late 2004, the Beaumont hosted the musical The Frogs[259] and the play The Rivals.[260] A new entrance was added from 65th Street to the Beaumont Theater's plaza level as part of a mid-2000s renovation.[261]

The musical The Light in the Piazza opened at the Beaumont in April 2005,[262] followed by Stoppard's three-part play The Coast of Utopia in 2006[263] and a revival of Shakespeare's Cymbeline in 2007.[264] The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific was revived in 2008,[265] running for 1,000 performances.[266] Guare's play A Free Man of Color had a brief run at the Beaumont in 2010.[267] The next year, the play War Horse opened,[268] running for 718 performances.[269] The Claire Tow Theater on the Beaumont's roof was approved in 2010,[270] and the new venue opened in June 2012.[43] The Beaumont then hosted Holland Taylor's solo show Ann,[271] as well as a revival of Macbeth, during 2013.[272] James Lapine's play Act One premiered the following year.[273] Next, a revival of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I opened in April 2015[274] and ran for 499 performances.[275]

J. T. Rogers's play Oslo[276] and Ayad Akhtar's play Junk were then performed during 2017.[277] The next year, Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner's musical My Fair Lady was revived for 509 performances.[278] Robert Schenkkan's comedy The Great Society had a limited run in late 2019,[279] and the theater was dark when the Broadway industry was shut down in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[280] The Beaumont reopened on November 11, 2021, with previews of the musical Flying Over Sunset, which had a limited run;[281] a limited revival of Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth then opened at the Beaumont in April 2022.[282] The theater hosted Mike Birbiglia's solo show Mike Birbiglia: The Old Man and the Pool from November 2022[283] to January 2023.[284] It was followed in April 2023 by the musical Camelot,[285][286] which ran for two months;[287] the play Uncle Vanya then opened in April 2024.[288][289]

Management edit

 
Lincoln Center Theater Logo

The Lincoln Center Theater (LCT) is the nonprofit organization that has operated the Beaumont since 1985, after the Beaumont's management was reorganized.[31] LCT operates the Beaumont, Newhouse, and Claire Tow theaters.[290] André Bishop has served as LCT's director since the beginning of 1992, replacing Gregory Mosher.[291] LCT has not had an executive producer since 2013,[292] when Bernard Gersten resigned from the position.[293][294]

LCT is one of four nonprofit theater companies to own and operate Broadway theaters, along with the Manhattan Theatre Club, the Roundabout Theatre Company, and Second Stage Theater.[295][296] Consequently, none of the theatre company's employees personally profit from LCT's shows at the Beaumont. Bishop said in 2011 that all profits from shows are used to fund more shows. Particularly successful shows such as South Pacific are used to finance further productions.[297] LCT mostly hosts its Broadway productions at the Beaumont but uses other theaters when the Beaumont is unavailable, starting in the 1988–1989 season.[217] LCT's Broadway productions were also relocated during the Beaumont's 1996 renovation,[238] as well as in the 21st century, such as during the runs of Contact, The Light in the Piazza, and South Pacific.[224] LCT publishes the Lincoln Center Theater Review, where writers comment on LCT shows.[298]

Notable productions edit

The following productions are Broadway shows at the Vivian Beaumont Theater's main auditorium. This list does not include shows produced in the off-Broadway venues nor the Lincoln Center Theater's other productions. Productions are listed by the year of their first performance.[31][23]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Pelkonen & Albrecht 2006, p. 214, cites the pool as being 125 feet long, while Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 697, gives a length of 120 feet.
  2. ^ Architectural Record 1962, p. 143, gives a different depth of 18 ft (5.5 m). Progressive Architecture 1965, p. 191 gives a slightly differing length of 152 ft (46 m).
  3. ^ Progressive Architecture 1965, p. 192, gave a figure of 1,140 seats, with 779 on orchestra level and 361 in the balcony.
  4. ^ Progressive Architecture 1965, p. 192, cited the stage as occupying 10,000 sq ft (930 m2).
  5. ^ The theater building was still technically not complete; the museum and library around the theater opened in December 1965.[100]
  6. ^ However, the first LCT production was at the Newhouse in December 1985.[208]

Citations edit

  1. ^ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  2. ^ a b c d Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 695.
  3. ^ a b Merkel 2005, p. 176.
  4. ^ a b c d Hughes, Allen (October 21, 1965). "Library and Museum of the Arts At Lincoln Center Ready Soon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Pelkonen & Albrecht 2006, p. 214.
  6. ^ a b c Progressive Architecture 1965, p. 189.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Merkel 2005, p. 178.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pelkonen & Albrecht 2006, p. 215.
  9. ^ a b "Lincoln Center Map" (PDF). Lincoln Center. September 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 697.
  11. ^ "Calder and Moore at Lincoln Center" (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 46. December 1965. p. 43.
  12. ^ Canaday, John (August 25, 1965). "Lincoln Center Pool Gets Huge Sculpture; Henry Moore to Supervise Installation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  13. ^ Esterow, Milton (October 13, 1965). "Beaumont Theater Opens at Lincoln Center; Repertory Company Begins Previews in New Playhouse". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  14. ^ a b Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, pp. 695–697.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 698.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Progressive Architecture 1965, p. 192.
  17. ^ a b c Kimmelman, Michael (July 15, 2012). "A Glass Box That Nests Snugly on the Roof". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d Progressive Architecture 1965, p. 191.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Merkel 2005, p. 177.
  20. ^ Hughes, Allen (October 21, 1965). "Library and Museum of the Arts At Lincoln Center Ready Soon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  21. ^ Architectural Record 1962, p. 143.
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  50. ^ a b Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995, p. 680.
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  96. ^ Davis, James (May 5, 1965). "Anne Bancroft is Set; Lincoln Rep Has Play". New York Daily News. p. 43. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  97. ^ Esterow, Milton (October 15, 1965). "700 At Ceremony for New Theater; City Cultural Leaders Attend Dedication of Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
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    "The Condemned of Altona (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1966)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  108. ^ a b The Broadway League (March 24, 1966). "The Caucasian Chalk Circle – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
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    "Yerma (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1966)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  113. ^ Funke, Lewis (January 22, 1967). "News of the Rialto; Crisis at Lincoln Center". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
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  117. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 306.
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    "The Unknown Soldier and His Wife (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1967)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
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  123. ^ Shepard, Richard F. (January 22, 1969). "Montgomery to Head Lincoln Repertory". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
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    "The Miser (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1969)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  125. ^ Funke, Lewis (August 27, 1969). "Four American Plays Planned By Troupe at Lincoln Center". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  126. ^ Calta, Louis (April 8, 1970). "Montsomery Resigns as Head Of the Lincoln Center Repertory". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
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  129. ^ Taubman, Howard (October 14, 1971). "Beaumont Takeover Now Seems Doomed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  130. ^ a b "City Takes Over the Beaumont; Plans $5.2‐Million Remodeling". The New York Times. September 3, 1971. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  131. ^ "Designer cries 'rape at Lincoln Center'". New York Daily News. August 24, 1971. p. 43. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  132. ^ "'Raping the Beaumont hell! We're saving it'". New York Daily News. August 30, 1971. p. 21. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  133. ^ Ranzal, Edward (October 8, 1971). "Beaumont Backers Get a New Chance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  134. ^ Wallach, Allan (October 8, 1971). "City Center loses Beaumont skirmish". Newsday. p. 131. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  135. ^ Segers, Frank (October 13, 1971). "Legitimate: $1,000 Yearly Gift From 500 'Friends' Looms As Deficit Cure For Beaumont". Variety. Vol. 264, no. 9. pp. 49, 52. ProQuest 1032452264.
  136. ^ Phillips, McCandlish (November 8, 1971). "Beaumont Troupe Fetes Benefactors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  137. ^ Taubman, Howard (December 3, 1971). "City Center Formally Withdraws Its Beaumont Plan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
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  139. ^ a b c d e f Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 308.
  140. ^ a b Morrison, Hobe (February 7, 1973). "Legitimate: 'La Mancha' Earned $103,514 Profit On 18-Week Run At Lincoln Center; Has Paid 1,333.4% Return Thus Far". Variety. Vol. 269, no. 13. p. 71. ProQuest 1032471526.
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  144. ^ Gussow, Mel (January 11, 1973). "Lincoln Repertory Plans Guest Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  145. ^ Morrison, Hobe (January 31, 1973). "Legitimate: Beaumont Theatre Crisis Tangled by Question of Foundation Grants". Variety. Vol. 269, no. 12. pp. 65, 68. ProQuest 1032466637.
  146. ^ Seligsohn, Lee (March 7, 1973). "Joseph Papp Off-Off-Broadway to Lincoln Center". Newsday. p. 95. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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  149. ^ Gussow, Mel (May 31, 1973). "Mrs. Newhouse Gives Papp $1‐Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  150. ^ Iachetta, Michael (May 31, 1973). "Cool Million to Stoke Bard Festival". New York Daily News. p. 475. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  151. ^ "Briefs on the Arts". The New York Times. September 11, 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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    "Boom Boom Room (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1973)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Barnes, Clive (November 9, 1973). "Stage: New Papp Home". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  153. ^ Gussow, Mel (July 9, 1974). "Papp, After Dull Year, Is Optimistic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  154. ^ Schumach, Murray (March 8, 1975). "Papp Will Go Traditional; Cites Audience 'Hostility'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  155. ^ Wallach, Allan (March 25, 1975). "Papp is putting the Beaumont on a traditional track". Newsday. p. 83. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  156. ^ Little, Stuart W. (July 13, 1975). "Can Shakespeare, Ibsen, Shaw and Pinero Save Joseph Papp?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  157. ^ a b The Broadway League (May 1, 1976). "Threepenny Opera – Broadway Musical – 1976 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Threepenny Opera (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1976)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  158. ^ Gussow, Mel (August 24, 1976). "Papp Halves New Season at Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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  160. ^ a b "Papp, Citing Fiscal‐Artistic Reasons, Leaves Beaumont". The New York Times. June 10, 1977. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  161. ^ Parker, Jerry (June 10, 1977). "Exit Papp, Stage Left; Festival Run Finished". Newsday. p. 19. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  162. ^ Pace, Eric (August 6, 1977). "Beaumont May Be Shut 2 Years". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  163. ^ Gussow, Mel (October 26, 1977). "Costs Keep the Beaumont Dark, Despite a Theater Booking Jam". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  164. ^ Ferretti, Fred (June 27, 1977). "Plans Flow In for the Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  165. ^ Powell, Veronica (August 13, 1977). "Robeson Archives Benefit At Vivian Beaumont". New York Amsterdam News. p. D-6. ProQuest 226469315.
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  167. ^ Gussow, Mel (December 13, 1978). "Beaumont Theater Will Reopen With a 5‐Member Directorate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  168. ^ Seligsohn, Leo (December 14, 1978). "New Plan for Beaumont". Newsday. p. 19. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  169. ^ a b Schonberg, Harold C. (July 15, 1983). "Troubled Beaumont; News Analysis". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  170. ^ Gussow, Mel (May 29, 1979). "Beaumont and 2 Unions Sign for Reopening in '80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  171. ^ Lawson, Carol (October 25, 1979). "Seeking a Full Season, Beaumont Theater Postpones Reopening". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  172. ^ Wallach, Allan (September 28, 1980). "Peddling the Beaumont Theater". Newsday. pp. 103, 104. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  173. ^ a b c Corry, John (July 17, 1980). "Vivian Beaumont Theater to Reopen Nov. 5 for a 3-Play Season; Five-Member Directorate $2 Million Is Available At Work on Second Season Art Show for the Blind At N.Y.U.'s Grey Gallery". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  174. ^ "Beaumont Sets Short Season". Back Stage. No. 1. July 25, 1980. pp. 50, 60. ProQuest 963137182.
  175. ^ Shepard, Richard F. (October 9, 1980). "Beaumont Abuzz for Opening; Just Finished Painting Former Triumph 'Play to Celebrate'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  176. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, pp. 308–309.
  177. ^ Honan, William H. (January 31, 1989). "Richard D. Crinkley Dies at 49; Former Beaumont Theater Chief". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  178. ^ a b Rockwell, John (May 15, 1981). "Redesign of Beaumont and State Theater Set With $8 Million Gift". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  179. ^ "Legitimate: $8-Mil Foundation Gift Revises Troubled N.Y. State, Beaumont". Variety. Vol. 303, no. 3. May 20, 1981. p. 113. ProQuest 1438316035.
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  181. ^ a b Goodman, Peter (July 4, 1982). "A building boom for the arts". Newsday. pp. 117, 118. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  182. ^ Lawson, Carol (January 29, 1982). "Design Dispute Holds Up Reopening of Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  183. ^ Blau, Eleanor (February 24, 1982). "Pei Quitting Project in Acoustic Dispute Over the Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  184. ^ Goodman, Peter (February 24, 1982). "A sound argument at the center". Newsday. p. 144. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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  187. ^ a b "Big setback for Beaumont plan". Newsday. November 20, 1982. p. 48. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  188. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (August 18, 1983). "Tensions Over Beaumont Theater Are Increasing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  189. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (August 25, 1983). "Lincoln Center Moves Against the Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  190. ^ Nelsen, Don (August 25, 1983). "Lincoln Center halts Beaumont funds". New York Daily News. p. 79. ISSN 2692-1251. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  191. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 17, 1983). "La Tragedie de Carmen – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
    "La Tragedie de Carmen (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1983)". Playbill. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
    Rich, Frank (November 18, 1983). "Theater: Peter Brook's 'Tragedie De Carmen'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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  193. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (April 11, 1984). "Debate Stirring Anew Over Beaumont Theater". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  194. ^ a b The Broadway League (July 17, 1984). "Oedipus Rex – Broadway Play – 1984 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Oedipus Rex (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1984)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Shepard, Richard F. (July 19, 1984). "Stage: 'Oedipus Rex,' Greek National Troupe". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  195. ^ Goodman, Peter (June 5, 1984). "For Lincoln Center and Beaumont, a truce". Newsday. p. 118. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
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  198. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (September 17, 1984). "Lindsay Named Beaumont Chairman". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  199. ^ Bennetts, Leslie (October 16, 1984). "Crinkley Out as Beaumont Director". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  200. ^ "Legitimate: Crinkley Ankles Viv Beaumont; Scouting For Artistic Director". Variety. Vol. 316, no. 12. October 17, 1984. pp. 155, 162. ProQuest 1438405061.
  201. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (November 30, 1984). "Beaumont Proposes a Juilliard Link". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  202. ^ Freedman, Samuel G. (April 30, 1985). "Gregory Mosher to Head Lincoln Center Theaters". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  203. ^ Koenenn, Joseph G. (April 30, 1985). "A new director for the Vivian Beaumont". Newsday. p. 135. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  204. ^ "Gersten Named to Post At Lincoln Center". The New York Times. June 14, 1985. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
  205. ^ Gussow, Mel (November 5, 1985). "Four Dark Years to End at Lincoln Center Stage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  206. ^ Anderson, Susan Heller; Dunlap, David W. (December 14, 1985). "New York Day by Day; Lighting Up the Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  207. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 1, 1986). "The Flying Karamazov Brothers "Juggling and Cheap Theatrics" – Broadway Special – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "The Flying Karamazov Brothers "Juggling and Cheap Theatrics" (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1986)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Gussow, Mel (April 2, 1986). "Stage: Flying Karamazov Brothers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  208. ^ Rich, Frank (December 24, 1985). "Stage: Lincoln Center Presents 2 One-acts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  209. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 29, 1986). "The House of Blue Leaves – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "The House of Blue Leaves (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1986)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  210. ^ Bennetts, Leslie (April 9, 1986). "The Duality in 'House of Blue Leaves'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  211. ^ Bennetts, Leslie (May 15, 1986). "Lincoln Center Sets Theater Season". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  212. ^ Gerard, Jeremy (October 28, 1987). "Making the Beaumont Work". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  213. ^ a b Rich, Frank (October 20, 1987). "The Stage: 'Anything Goes'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  214. ^ Wallach, Allan (October 20, 1987). "On the High Seas in Cole Porter Revival". Newsday. p. 127. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  215. ^ a b The Broadway League (October 19, 1987). "Anything Goes – Broadway Musical – 1987 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Anything Goes (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1987)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  216. ^ "Finale for 'Anything Goes'". The New York Times. August 30, 1989. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  217. ^ a b "Lincoln Center and Actors Reach Pact". The New York Times. October 4, 1988. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  218. ^ Rothstein, Mervyn (August 25, 1988). "A Theater Company Faces the Problems Of Its Own Success". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  219. ^ a b The Broadway League (December 10, 1989). "The Tenth Man – Broadway Play – 1989 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "The Tenth Man (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1989)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Mosel, Tad (December 10, 1989). "Theater; In Search of the Untouched Moments of Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  220. ^ a b The Broadway League (May 2, 1990). "Some Americans Abroad – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Some Americans Abroad (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1990)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Gussow, Mel (May 3, 1990). "Review/Theater; A Comedy From London Reopens With Changes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  221. ^ a b Rich, Frank (November 9, 1990). "Reviews/Theater; 'Six Degrees' Reopens, Larger but Still Intimate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  222. ^ leSourd, Jacques (November 9, 1990). "'Six Degrees' still the only 'must see' in New York". The Journal News. p. 24. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  223. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 8, 1990). "Six Degrees of Separation – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Six Degrees of Separation (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1990)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  224. ^ a b c d "At This Theatre: Vivian Beaumont Theater". Playbill. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  225. ^ a b The Broadway League (January 21, 1991). "Monster in a Box – Broadway Special – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Monster in a Box (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1991)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  226. ^ Witchel, Alex (January 22, 1992). "'Falsettos' Headed For Broadway, Not the Beaumont". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  227. ^ Wolf, Matt (March 15, 1992). "Theater; A Father Figure Leads Nine Children Into 'Four Baboons'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
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    "My Favorite Year (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1992)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Rich, Frank (December 11, 1992). "Review/Theater; A Rosy View of a Golden Age". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
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    "Gray's Anatomy (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1993)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Brantley, Ben (November 29, 1993). "Review/Theater: Gray's Anatomy; A Monologuist's Idiosyncratic Trip Through Disease and Healing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  230. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 29, 1993). "Abe Lincoln in Illinois – Broadway Play – 1993 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Abe Lincoln in Illinois (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1993)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Richards, David (November 30, 1993). "Review/Theater: Abe Lincoln in Illinois; Lincoln as Metaphor For a Big Job Ahead, In 1939 and Today". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  231. ^ Theater, Lincoln Center. "Rodgers & Hammerstein's Carousel". Lincoln Center Theater. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  232. ^ a b Richards, David (March 25, 1994). "Review/Theater; A 'Carousel' for the 90's Full of Grit and Passion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  233. ^ Winer, Linda (March 25, 1994). "Rebuilt 'Carousel' A Ride on Dark Side". Newsday. pp. 102, 103, 121. ISSN 2574-5298. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  234. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 310.
  235. ^ a b The Broadway League (March 30, 1995). "Arcadia – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Arcadia (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1995)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  236. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 20, 1995). "Racing Demon – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Racing Demon (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1995)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "3 Broadway Productions Are to Close". The New York Times. December 30, 1995. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  237. ^ Gussow, Mel (April 1, 1997). "The Theater As Patient, Clearing Its Throat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  238. ^ a b c Marks, Peter (December 13, 1995). "Beaumont Theater Plans Its Biggest Makeover". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  239. ^ a b Weathersby, William Jr. (February 1996). "Beaumont rebuilding". TCI. Vol. 30, no. 2. p. 24. ProQuest 209643205.
  240. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 24, 1996). "Juan Darien – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Juan Darien (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1996)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Brantley, Ben (November 25, 1996). "Child With Inner Jaguar In a 60's Dreamscape". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  241. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 27, 1997). "The Little Foxes – Broadway Play – 1997 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "The Little Foxes (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1997)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Brantley, Ben (April 28, 1997). "Freud Strays Into a Well-Furnished Foxes' Den Down South". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  242. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 20, 1997). "Ivanov – Broadway Play – 1997 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Ivanov (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1997)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Brantley, Ben (November 21, 1997). "Theater Review; Kline, in Chekhov, Finds Esprit in Ennui". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  243. ^ a b The Broadway League (March 18, 1998). "Ah, Wilderness! – Broadway Play – 1998 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Ah, Wilderness! (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1998)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Marks, Peter (March 19, 1998). "Theater Review; Ah, Wholesomeness! O'Neill With a Smile". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  244. ^ a b The Broadway League (July 16, 1998). "Twelfth Night – Broadway Play – 1998 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Twelfth Night (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1998)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  245. ^ a b The Broadway League (December 17, 1998). "Parade – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Parade (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1998)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    Brantley, Ben (December 18, 1998). "Theater Review; Martyr's Requiem Invokes Justice". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  246. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 26, 1999). "It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues (Broadway, Vivian Beaumont Theater, 1999)". Playbill. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
    "Theater Review; They Call It the Blues, but They Sure Look Like They're Having a Ball". The New York Times. April 27, 1999. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  247. ^ a b
January 01, 1970
vivian, beaumont, theater, broadway, theater, lincoln, center, complex, west, 65th, street, upper, west, side, manhattan, york, city, operated, nonprofit, lincoln, center, theater, beaumont, only, broadway, theater, outside, theater, district, near, times, squ. The Vivian Beaumont Theater is a Broadway theater in the Lincoln Center complex at 150 West 65th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City Operated by the nonprofit Lincoln Center Theater LCT the Beaumont is the only Broadway theater outside the Theater District near Times Square Named after heiress and actress Vivian Beaumont Allen the theater was one of the last structures designed by modernist architect Eero Saarinen The theater shares a building with the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts and contains two off Broadway venues the Mitzi E Newhouse Theater and the Claire Tow Theater Vivian Beaumont TheaterAddress150 West 65th StreetManhattan New York CityUnited StatesCoordinates40 46 25 N 73 59 03 W 40 77361 N 73 98417 W 40 77361 73 98417Public transitSubway 1 train at 66th Street Lincoln CenterNYC Bus M5 M7 M11 M20 M66 M104OwnerLincoln Center for the Performing Arts Inc LCPA OperatorLincoln Center Theater LCT TypeBroadwayCapacity1 080ProductionUncle VanyaConstructionOpenedOctober 21 1965ArchitectEero Saarinen and Jo MielzinerWebsitewww wbr lct wbr org The Beaumont occupies the southern and western sides of its building s first and second floors while the library wraps above and on top of it The main facade faces Lincoln Center s plaza and is made of glass and steel with a travertine attic above The main auditorium has approximately 1 080 seats across two levels arranged in a steeply sloped semicircular layout The Beaumont differs from traditional Broadway theaters because of its use of a flexible stage which could be extended with a thrust stage of varying length The layout led to complaints about inferior sightlines and acoustics in the theater s early years The 299 seat Mitzi E Newhouse Theater is in the basement and the 112 seat Claire Tow Theater is on the roof Allen donated 3 million for the theater s construction in 1958 but died before its completion The Beaumont opened on October 21 1965 and was originally operated by Jules Irving and Herbert Blau of the Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center generally presenting four shows a season The Beaumont was managed by the New York Shakespeare Festival under the direction of Joseph Papp from 1973 to 1977 Richmond Crinkley took over the theater for the next eight years with the Beaumont only operating for two seasons during that time Controversies over the Beaumont s operation a proposed renovation and financial difficulties led to LCT being reorganized in 1985 with Gregory Mosher and Bernard Gersten taking over as the new Director and Executive Producer The Beaumont became much more successful and was renovated in 1996 The theater has hosted several popular productions since the late 1980s including Anything Goes Contact The Light in the Piazza South Pacific The King and I and My Fair Lady Contents 1 Description 1 1 Form and facade 1 2 Interior 1 2 1 Primary auditorium 1 2 1 1 Seating areas 1 2 1 2 Other design features 1 2 2 Off Broadway spaces 1 2 2 1 Mitzi E Newhouse Theater 1 2 2 2 Claire Tow Theater 2 History 2 1 Development 2 1 1 Planning 2 1 2 Construction 2 2 Lincoln Center Repertory Company operation 2 2 1 First two seasons 2 2 2 Jules Irving management 2 3 Papp operation 2 4 Attempted revival 2 4 1 Crinkley operation 2 4 2 Canceled renovation and disputes 2 5 Lincoln Center Theater operation 2 5 1 1980s and 1990s 2 5 2 2000s to present 3 Management 4 Notable productions 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksDescription editThe Vivian Beaumont Theater was designed by Finnish American architect Eero Saarinen with Broadway scenic designer Jo Mielziner overseeing the design of the interior 1 2 It is part of Lincoln Center a performing arts complex on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City 3 The Beaumont is in the same building as the New York Public Library NYPL s Performing Arts Library designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore Owings amp Merrill SOM 2 4 5 Various contractors were also involved in the Beaumont s construction including general contractor Turner Construction 6 acoustical engineer Bolt Beranek amp Newman 7 structural engineer Ammann amp Whitney and mechanical engineer Syska Hennessy 6 7 8 The library theater building is on the western side of Paul Milstein Pool and Terrace the elevated plaza at the middle of Lincoln Center just south of 65th Street 2 3 9 The plaza contains a reflecting pool at its center measuring around 80 ft 24 m wide and 120 or 125 ft 37 or 38 m long 5 10 a Inside the plaza just outside the theater s entrance is a blackened steel sculpture by Alexander Calder entitled Le Guichet Named after the French word for ticket window the sculpture measures 14 ft 4 3 m wide by 22 ft 6 7 m high 10 11 Another sculpture by Henry Moore entitled Reclining Figure is in the pool 12 The structure faces the Metropolitan Opera House to the south David Geffen Hall to the east and the Juilliard School to the north via a pedestrian bridge across 65th Street 9 10 Form and facade edit The library theater building was the third to open at Lincoln Center 13 Original plans conceived the library and theater as separate buildings but the structures were combined in the final plan 4 14 The theater forms the building s core and occupies the southern and western sides of the building s first and second floors 4 15 16 The library runs along the building s northern and eastern sides as well as much of the third floor The theater s stage house protrudes through the third floor with the library running around it in a doughnut shape Another entrance to the library facing west toward Amsterdam Avenue is below the theater 15 16 The attic houses the library s stacks 15 17 SOM and Saarinen collaborated on the design of the exteriors 4 The main facade along Lincoln Center s plaza is two stories high and made of glass and steel 15 The facade consists of a glass curtain wall and two recessed square concrete columns which create a peristyle flanking the curtain wall 18 19 Unlike the travertine surface of the plaza the columns are finished in exposed aggregate 18 The columns are attached to the attic via steel pins with large bronze pyramidal covers The other wall surfaces are clad in travertine 10 18 19 The exterior of the library theater building contains a heavy roof that protrudes over the main facade which is covered in travertine 10 19 The roof was designed to screen the library and its performing arts museum behind it The top of the roof originally had an exposed aggregate finish but this was subsequently covered with stone pavement On the underside of the roof are coffers containing recessed downlights as well as fluorescent uplights Similar lighting fixtures are used in the theater s lobby as well as throughout the library s interior 19 The roof is carried by two Vierendeel trusses measuring 20 ft 6 1 m high and 153 ft 47 m long 8 19 18 b Part of the library housing the Vincent Astor Gallery 20 is placed between the trusses 21 16 Interior edit The Beaumont contains three theaters operated by Lincoln Center Theater LCT the main auditorium which is classified as a Broadway theater as well as two off Broadway venues the Mitzi E Newhouse Theater and the Claire Tow Theater 22 The main auditorium is the only Broadway theater outside Manhattan s Theater District 23 and productions there are eligible for Tony Awards 24 The off Broadway houses productions are not eligible for Tony Awards unless they move to the Beaumont or another Broadway theater 25 The Beaumont has two main access points Vehicular traffic enters through a ramp beneath the theater where patrons take elevators to the orchestra Pedestrians enter through the main plaza facing David Geffen Hall and the Metropolitan Opera House 10 26 The plaza level lobby is midway between the orchestra and balcony levels of the primary auditorium 10 16 19 The plaza level lobby is plain in design 10 and was originally decorated in travertine and bronze with white wall panels and red carpets 16 Rather than a traditional coat room the theater had lockers along its public corridors 16 19 27 Broad curving double staircases lead to from the lobby to both levels of seating Below the orchestra another flight of stairs leads down to the Newhouse Theater 19 An elevator also connected all the stories 16 Primary auditorium edit The Beaumont uses steeply sloped stadium seating 8 19 Unlike other Broadway theaters the stage could be configured as a traditional proscenium stage or extended with a thrust stage of varying length 10 26 28 Backstage there is 10 000 sq ft 930 m2 for set storage 29 30 The stage and its backstage facilities take up about 75 percent of the theater s area 16 30 Seating areas edit nbsp View of auditorium from balcony level The auditorium has steeply sloped stadium seating arranged in a semicircle with its ends cut back Here the front rows at orchestra level are arranged in a proscenium configuration These front rows are placed on a turntable they can be removed whenever a thrust stage is used The Broadway League cites the main auditorium as having 1 080 seats 31 while Playbill gives a figure of 1 069 seats 23 The main auditorium originally had approximately 1 100 seats 28 29 with about 770 in the orchestra level and 330 in the balcony level 8 10 26 30 c The actual capacity depended on the configuration of the stage 32 Thirty seats at the front of the orchestra can be stored in the basement when thrust stage is used 26 30 Additional seats can be removed to make way for vomitories 16 27 Consequently the theater could have 1 146 seats if a proscenium stage were used or 1 102 seats if there was an orchestra pit in front of the stage In a thrust stage configuration the theater could have 1 113 seats which was reduced to 1 083 if actors were allowed to pass through the orchestra seating to get to the stage 32 The seating is arranged in a semicircle with its ends cut back allowing adequate sightlines when a traditional proscenium stage is used 33 A cantilevered walkway leads to the balcony level 8 which only has five rows of seats two of which cantilever over the orchestra 16 26 30 In all configurations every seat is at most 65 ft 20 m from the stage 8 10 29 The American Seating Company installed the seats which were originally upholstered in red fabric Plaques were mounted onto the backs of each seat indicating the seat number and the name of a donor 34 The seats were covered with deep burgundy fabric in 1990 35 36 The auditorium had a minimalist decorative scheme 10 The original decorations comprised dark brown wood and metal as well as red and gray carpets 7 33 The design includes curving oval motifs which visually connect the two levels of seating with the stage and ceiling 28 The aisle lights were recessed into the ends of the aisles Typical theaters had lights embedded within the risers of the stairs in each aisle but the theater s semicircular arrangement meant that such lights could be distracting to patrons on the opposite side of the auditorium 33 Other design features edit There are seven removable panels placed across the proscenium opening 8 15 16 When all the panels are removed the proscenium is 58 ft 18 m wide the panels can also be used to seal the proscenium completely The two outermost panels must be manually removed while the other five panels can be lifted mechanically using a counterweight system Because of the presence of the removable panels the stage curtain is placed in front of the proscenium opening contrary to in most theaters The stage curtain is mounted on a curving steel frame which runs parallel to the 14 ft deep 4 3 m stage apron 16 The entire stage was illuminated with 565 spotlights hung from four semicircular catwalks and hidden behind fins on the ceiling 16 The Beaumont was the first Broadway theater with an electronic lighting system because as Mielziner said Economically we can t afford to use old switchboards and old methods 37 Speakers were installed during the mid 1990s because as designed the auditorium had poor acoustics 38 The stage covers 11 000 sq ft 1 000 m2 28 29 30 d This was far larger than any other Broadway theater s stage at the time the next largest stage covered 2 914 sq ft 270 7 m2 16 26 The Beaumont s thrust stage when fully extended is 28 ft 8 5 m deep and 25 ft 7 6 m wide and is placed on a lift that can descend to the basement 16 Lincoln Center s drama consultant Robert Whitehead had wanted the thrust stage saying There is something exciting in the way the action spills out into the audience and the audience embraces it 39 For productions that use only the thrust stage performers enter from underneath the stage and the proscenium is closed off 26 Various tunnels were provided under the seating areas for this purpose 19 Since the semicircular seating precluded good views of the rear of the proscenium stage many of the theater s productions were forced to use the front of the apron 40 The unconventional mixture of stage designs prompted many designers and directors to avoid the theater entirely 38 Beneath the stage is a turntable measuring 46 ft 14 m across which allows the thrust stage to be expanded 8 16 26 When the thrust stage was used the first seven rows of the orchestra could be lowered into the basement 8 26 The turntable carries a semicircular floor panel with rows of orchestra seating for when the theater is configured as a proscenium stage as well as another semicircular panel with the thrust stage and three rows of seating Whenever the stage is reconfigured the lifts beneath the front orchestra rows and the thrust stage are lowered The semicircular floor panels are then unlocked from the lift and connected to each other before being rotated disconnected and raised 16 A second platform measuring 5 ft 1 5 m wide 16 surrounds the turntable and can move independently 8 16 Off Broadway spaces edit Mitzi E Newhouse Theater edit In the lower level of the building is the Mitzi E Newhouse Theater originally known as the Forum when it opened on November 10 1967 41 The theater was renamed in 1972 for Mrs Samuel I Newhouse a prominent patron of the theater 42 Designed by Saarinen and Mielziner the Newhouse is a 299 seat venue in which Lincoln Center Theater presents its off Broadway plays and musicals 15 7 The Newhouse Theater originally was accessible only through the Beaumont s parking garage 15 Unlike the larger Broadway theater above the Newhouse only contains a thrust stage Its existence came about because during planning Lincoln Center s board could not agree on what types of productions the Forum should present 32 Claire Tow Theater edit In June 2012 LCT opened the Claire Tow Theater on the Beaumont s roof 43 which features work by emerging playwrights directors and designers The auditorium is named for Claire Tow whose husband Leonard Tow an LCT board member donated 7 5 million 22 Located on the Beaumont s planted green roof the Claire Tow Theater seats 112 people and cost about 41 million to construct The space was designed by Hugh Hardy who had assisted Mielziner in the Vivian Beaumont Theater s original design 44 45 The two story 23 000 sq ft 2 100 m2 glass enclosure has the same width as the Beaumont s base 44 The theater is accessed by elevators within the NYPL section of the building In addition to the auditorium the Claire Tow houses rehearsal space dressing quarters offices and a pocket lobby with a bar The structure is wrapped inside a grille of aluminum louvers that help screen out the sun 17 Hardy used simple materials for the interior including stained oak for the lobby floors and walnut for the theater s sloping walls 22 The bar features Overture a 2012 sculpture by Kiki Smith 17 44 History editDevelopment edit Buildings of Lincoln Center nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 100m110yds nbsp 13 nbsp 1211 nbsp 10 nbsp 9 nbsp 8 nbsp 7 nbsp 6 nbsp 5 nbsp 4 nbsp 3 nbsp 2 nbsp 1 nbsp viewtalkeditBuildings and structures in Lincoln Center 1 Samuel B and David Rose Building includes Walter Reade Theater 2 Juilliard School3 Alice Tully Hall4 Vivian Beaumont Theater includes Mitzi E Newhouse Theater and Claire Tow Theater 5 Elinor Bunin Monroe Film Center6 David Geffen Hall7 New York Public Library for the Performing Arts includes Bruno Walter Auditorium 8 Metropolitan Opera House9 Josie Robertson Plaza with Revson Fountain10 Damrosch Park11 David H Koch Theater12 David Rubenstein Atrium13 Jazz at Lincoln Center The Lincoln Square Renewal Project had been proposed in 1955 as part of urban planner Robert Moses s urban renewal program 46 47 The Lincoln Center performing arts complex became a key part of the urban renewal though it was not part of Moses s initial intentions for the site 47 48 John D Rockefeller III led Lincoln Center s development which from the start included venues for the New York Philharmonic Metropolitan Opera and New York City Ballet 48 49 The first plans for the complex announced in May 1956 included plans for five commercial theaters 50 51 52 Lincoln Center Inc was founded in June 1956 to oversee the development 50 and the company acquired the land in February 1958 53 54 55 Vivian Beaumont Allen a former actress and heiress to the May Department Stores fortune donated 3 million in May 1958 for the construction of the repertory theater at Lincoln Center 56 57 Lincoln Center s board of directors then pledged to name the theater after Allen 57 and Rockefeller named Robert Whitehead as the consultant on the repertory theater 58 59 Planning edit Wallace Harrison the architect of the Philharmonic Hall had declined an offer to design the other buildings in the complex but helped select the other architects 49 53 60 Various prominent architects and engineers were invited as consultants for the development 53 61 but Lincoln Center Inc recommended that only American architects be selected for the final designs 5 53 The repertory theater and library were the last two buildings at Lincoln Center for which architects were selected In November 1958 Eero Saarinen was selected as the architect for the Beaumont Theater while Gordon Bunshaft was picked to design the performing arts library 62 63 Even though Saarinen was not as well connected as some of Lincoln Center s other architects he was both an experienced auditorium designer and a prominent architect in the middle of his career 60 Whitehead and Harrison had chosen Saarinen for this reason 19 Shortly afterward Jo Mielziner was hired to collaborate on the theater s interior design 64 65 The complex s general contractors were selected in January 1959 66 Originally the repertory theater and the library were to be separate buildings 2 Allen expressed concerns that the site allotted to the repertory theater was too small in part because Robert Moses was intractable in his refusal to reduce the size of the nearby Damrosch Park 67 After the New York Public Library NYPL joined the project in June 1959 68 the library building and repertory theater were combined by that October saving both money and space 69 70 Saarinen and Bunshaft had decided that one building could house the two facilities better than two 14 71 During late 1959 Elia Kazan was also hired as a consultant for the repertory theater helping Whitehead select the productions 72 73 Whitehead and Kazan established the nonprofit Lincoln Center Repertory Company in February 1960 to oversee the Beaumont s programming 74 75 Only two conflicts between Saarinen and Bunshaft arose during the three year planning process Saarinen wanted to use three columns at each of the building s corners while Bunshaft wanted to use one column in addition both architects sought to create the building s technical drawings In the end the architects used Bunshaft s column arrangement and Saarinen created the technical drawings 7 8 10 The architects considered and rejected 15 plans for the theater 15 26 one such plan envisioned the Beaumont Theater with a concave roof in the center supported by piers on either side 10 The final scheme was tested in an unused movie theater in Pontiac Michigan where Mielziner drew up plans for theatrical sets he had designed in the past 15 27 By August 1960 Saarinen and Mielziner had reportedly finalized their plans for the repertory theater and the basement Forum 76 but they made minor modifications to these plans before the end of the year 77 Construction edit In January 1961 the New York state and city governments agreed to fund several buildings in Lincoln Center The city would provide 12 million in total including 8 2 million to the library theater building but none of the state s funding would go toward the library theater 78 The design details were nearly finished when the New York City Council voted that March to withhold its funding for Lincoln Center 79 80 This move might have forced a redesign of the theater and library 81 However the Rockefeller family including state governor Nelson Rockefeller agreed to cover the city s 12 million commitment so the theater could be completed by the 1964 New York World s Fair 82 Following Saarinen s sudden death on September 1 1961 his firm continued to work on the theater s development 83 The next month excavation started on the library theater building s site 84 That November Saarinen s firm announced final plans for the repertory theater Site excavation was more than half finished and the repertory theater was renamed after Allen at this time 84 Lincoln Center s directors reported in March 1962 that the Beaumont s completion had been delayed to at least 1964 The delay was caused by the relocation of the repertory group s offices from the Juilliard School building into the library theater building 85 Allen never saw her namesake theater completed as she died in late 1962 86 The Lincoln Center Repertory Company intended to premiere productions in 1963 regardless of whether the Beaumont Theater was completed 87 88 The theatre company began training in October 1962 89 90 and moved into the ANTA Washington Square Theatre a temporary venue in Greenwich Village in January 1964 91 Due to conflicts with Lincoln Center president William Schuman Whitehead and Kazan resigned and were replaced by Herbert Blau and Jules Irving 92 93 By April 1965 Schuman and the repertory company s new president Robert L Hoguet Jr promised that the theater would open that June 94 The next month a revival of Georg Buchner s play Danton s Death was booked as the Beaumont s inaugural production and the opening date was pushed to October 21 95 96 The library theater building ultimately cost 17 million partly funded by 3 million from Allen and 7 5 million from the NYPL 19 Allen s philanthropic foundation also gave 2 1 million for training the repertory company s members 27 Lincoln Center Repertory Company operation edit First two seasons edit nbsp Seen from the elevated plaza The Beaumont opened to the public on October 12 1965 with previews of Danton s Death 27 The Beaumont was dedicated on October 14 97 and hosted a fundraising gala on October 20 which raised more than 100 000 98 The theater officially opened on October 21 99 e when regular performances of Danton s Death began 101 102 The Beaumont s opening was not as widely reported in the media as some of Lincoln Center s other buildings but it did receive mostly positive commentary 7 Progressive Architecture wrote that the theater was one of the most innovational theater facilities in this country 6 John Chapman of the New York Daily News called the Beaumont s opening the most important theatrical event of the 1965 66 season in this city despite the mediocrity of Danton s Death 103 Wolf Von Eckardt wrote for The Washington Post that the Beaumont had a classic architectural appearance without sweat or striving 104 The New York Concrete Board gave the Beaumont an award for the quality of its construction 105 The Beaumont frequently starred Philip Bosco Aline MacMahon Nancy Marchand and Robert Symonds in its early productions 93 The Lincoln Center Repertory Company offered subscriptions to each season of plays at the Beaumont When the first preview of Danton s Death commenced there were already 41 500 subscribers for the Beaumont s first season representing over 90 percent of all available subscriptions 27 The other productions of the season were revivals of The Country Wife in December 1965 106 The Condemned of Altona in January 1966 107 and The Caucasian Chalk Circle in March 1966 108 While the first season had high grosses there was much criticism of the plays themselves 93 109 Richard P Cooke of The Wall Street Journal said the Lincoln Center Repertory Company is still struggling for popular and critical acclaim despite having both ample funding and up to date equipment at the Beaumont 109 Furthermore the theater itself ran a deficit of several hundred thousand dollars each season as the expenses outweighed the profits 41 The theater had 31 400 subscribers before the first play of the Beaumont s second season opened in late 1966 110 The season s first two plays were The Alchemist 111 and Yerma 112 Blau left at the beginning of 1967 saying The climate is no longer right for me to do what I came to do in the form I had in mind 113 Afterward the Beaumont produced Galileo in April 1967 114 115 116 Galileo was the first play by an American playwright at the Beaumont placating critics who objected to the number of plays by foreign authors 117 Next Alexander H Cohen leased the theater 117 for the opening of The Unknown Soldier and His Wife that July 118 The repertory program was still not successful The New York Times reported in late 1967 that Lincoln Center s inability to build a successful repertory theater was the complex s greatest shortcoming creatively 119 The experimental Forum in the Beaumont s basement opened on November 10 1967 41 Jules Irving management edit The third season featured the plays The Little Foxes Saint Joan Tiger at the Gates and Cyrano de Bergerac As part of the 1968 Lincoln Center Festival French theatre company Theatre de la Cite performed The Three Musketeers George Dandin and Tartuffe at the Beaumont 120 This was followed by the play Lovers also performed as part of the festival 120 121 The plays King Lear and A Cry of Players opened at the Beaumont in late 1968 running as a double bill 120 At the beginning of 1969 Robert Montgomery became the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater s president 122 123 The Beaumont hosted the play In the Matter of J Robert Oppenheimer during much of the remainder of the season 120 interrupted by a short run of The Miser that May 124 The Beaumont s fifth season in 1969 1970 featured four American plays 120 125 The Time of Your Life Camino Real Operation Sidewinder and Beggar on Horseback 120 Montgomery resigned in April 1970 a year after his appointment 126 The sixth season in 1970 1971 was composed entirely of revivals 127 and included The Good Woman of Setzuan The Playboy of the Western World An Enemy of the People and Antigone 120 The Beaumont still ran at a deficit despite near capacity attendance 122 Amyas Ames who had become Lincoln Center s chairman in 1970 found the Beaumont Theater was losing 750 000 a year 128 Lincoln Center s directors forgave 200 000 of the repertory company s debts and agreed to provide another 125 000 a year to cover high overhead costs 129 In January 1971 City Center proposed taking over the Beaumont and conducting renovations The plans included relocating the Forum behind the Beaumont s stage and adding three film screens in the Forum space 128 Mielziner opposed the plans saying it would compromise the quality of the Beaumont s design 130 131 but supporters said the main auditorium would not be touched and that the Forum would only be relocated to a better location 132 That September the New York City Board of Estimate approved 5 2 million for the renovations 130 After Irving testified against the plans the next month the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater was given the chance to submit an alternate plan for the theater 133 134 The theatre company proposed selling 500 annual subscriptions of 1 000 to cover the remaining debt 135 136 City Center formally withdrew its plan in December 1971 citing the opposition 137 Throughout the dispute over the planned renovation the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater had scheduled four shows for the Beaumont s seventh season in 1971 1972 138 Mary Stuart opened in late 1971 followed the next year by Narrow Road to the Deep North Twelfth Night and The Crucible 120 The musical Man of La Mancha which was not part of the regular season 139 was revived in mid 1972 to large success 140 The Beaumont s 1972 1973 season featured Enemies The Plough and the Stars The Merchant of Venice and A Streetcar Named Desire By then the Forum was mostly screening films 120 The Forum s season was canceled in October 1972 due to a lack of funds and Irving resigned as the Lincoln Center Repertory Theater s artistic director as a direct result 141 142 Lincoln Center had granted 150 000 to fund the Beaumont s eighth season but was unwilling to repeat the grant 142 143 With Irving gone Lincoln Center s board decided that for the 1973 1974 season they would book a guest season of shows from regional theaters The guest season would run for one year allowing the Lincoln Center Theater to search for a new artistic leader and give them time to transition into the job 144 145 Papp operation edit nbsp Side view of theater entrance In March 1973 Joseph Papp of the New York Shakespeare Festival agreed to take over the Beaumont as long as he were able to raise 5 million 146 147 Papp used the Beaumont to present new productions and continued to stage experimental shows at The Public Theater 139 148 The Forum in the basement would be used for classical plays a reversal of Irving s policy 148 Mitzi Newhouse gave Papp a grant of 1 million that May the largest individual grant ever made for the Shakespeare Festival 149 150 and the Forum was named for Newhouse 151 The Shakespeare Festival s first production at the Beaumont David Rabe s play In the Boom Boom Room opened in November 1973 152 and was followed the next year by Hugh Miller s The Au Pair Man Ron Milner s What the Wine Sellers Buy and Miguel Pinero s Short Eyes Of these only Short Eyes was successful 139 153 During the 1974 1975 season the Shakespeare Festival presented Anne Burr s Mert amp Phil Bill Gunn s Black Picture Show Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House and Anthony Scully s Little Black Sheep As with the previous season these plays generally had only lukewarm reception 139 Papp announced in early 1975 that he would change the Beaumont s programming to revivals of traditional plays and dramas with established performers citing hostility from the audiences The previous season had only 22 000 subscribers compared with 27 000 during the 1973 1974 season He also wanted to raise 3 4 million to renovate the Beaumont with a permanent proscenium stage 154 155 In accordance with his new policy Papp scheduled four revivals for the 1975 1976 season Trelawny of the Wells Hamlet Mrs Warren s Profession and The Threepenny Opera 156 These plays were generally much more successful 139 and The Threepenny Opera was extended through the end of 1976 157 The lengthy run of The Threepenny Opera as well as financial shortfalls prompted Papp to delay the beginning of the following season to February 1977 canceling two of the four shows scheduled for the season 158 Anton Chekhov s play The Cherry Orchard and Aeschylus s classic Agamemnon were the only plays featured during that season 139 Papp presented plans for a 6 5 million renovation of the Beaumont to Lincoln Center s directors in April 1977 Giorgio Cavaglieri designed a new flexible auditorium which if approved would be built during the 1978 1979 season 159 Papp announced in June 1977 that he would no longer operate the Beaumont citing increasing operating costs 160 161 As a result The Cherry Orchard was forced to close prematurely in August 1977 with Lincoln Center s directors warning that the theater might be closed for two years 162 At the time even a successful season could incur a deficit of 2 million the previous season had seen operating debts of 6 2 million and ticket sales of only 3 9 million 160 This was despite the fact that Papp had been able to reach 97 percent of audience capacity for many shows 148 The theater stayed closed even though there was an ongoing shortage of available theaters for new productions Lincoln Center s directors said the Beaumont s operating expenses were twice as high as traditional Broadway theaters it cost 1 55 million to mount a typical production at the Beaumont compared to 930 000 at a typical Broadway theater 163 Attempted revival edit Crinkley operation edit After Papp s sudden departure Lincoln Center s directors hurried to make arrangements with other producers and theatrical companies to keep the Beaumont open 164 During its closure the Beaumont held a benefit party for Paul Robeson in August 1977 165 American National Theater and Academy director Richmond Crinkley was named as the Beaumont s director in early 1978 166 At the end of the year Woody Allen Sarah Caldwell Liviu Ciulei Robin Phillips and Ellis Rabb were appointed as the theater s new directors and Edward Albee was hired as the in house playwright 167 168 The Beaumont s directors leased the theater from Lincoln Center 169 The following May the theater signed new contracts with Actors Equity Association and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees that allowed the Beaumont to operate as a League of Resident Theatres venue thereby decreasing operating costs 170 The theater s directors wished to raise 2 million in reserves before reopening the theater and they wanted to operate for at least one full season Consequently the planned reopening in 1979 was pushed back by one year 171 Crinkley s team wanted to present classics alongside the occasional new production 172 The directors spent 2 million on improvements including adding a rehearsal room below the stage and renovating the lobby 173 In July 1980 the directors announced the lineup for the 1980 1981 season 173 174 which began in October with a rehearsal of Philip Barry s comedy The Philadelphia Story 175 The two other plays that season were a revival of Macbeth and Woody Allen s The Floating Light Bulb 173 176 The poor reception to the three plays prompted Crinkley to keep the theater closed after the 1980 1981 season which put him in conflict with Lincoln Center chairman Martin E Segal 177 Canceled renovation and disputes edit Crinkley wanted to convert the Beaumont into a proscenium theater resolving not only poor sightlines but also inferior acoustics that required some of the more recent plays to use amplification 40 In May 1981 the Fan Fox and Leslie R Samuels Foundation granted Lincoln Center 4 million each for the renovations of the Beaumont and State now Koch theaters 178 179 Frederick R Koch had pledged 1 million to match the Fox Samuels grant and another board member of the Lincoln Center Theater had pledged 500 000 180 Acoustics expert Cyril Harris and architect I M Pei were hired to renovate the Beaumont In addition to changes to the stage and proscenium opening the theater would be rebuilt with a shallower raked floor and the seating capacity would be increased to 1 200 178 181 The Beaumont s renovation was planned to cost 6 5 million and begin in November 1981 but the renovation soon encountered delays as Harris and Pei could not reconcile their disagreement over the proscenium opening s acoustic and esthetic features 182 Pei resigned from the project in February 1982 after he was unable to propose a design with which Harris agreed 183 184 As a result Koch withdrew his 1 million grant 180 Though a new restoration architect was not appointed for several months afterward Philip Johnson was reportedly working with Harris 181 185 Due to increasing renovation costs Lincoln Center s board considered delaying the renovation indefinitely by mid 1982 185 The Fan Fox and Leslie R Samuels Foundation withdrew its 4 million grant in November 1982 186 187 Leslie R Samuels said the theater s directors had not raised enough money to cover the rest of the renovation which had increased to 8 million 187 By then Harris was no longer affiliated with the renovation 186 Conflicts over the Beaumont s operation persisted through 1983 Lincoln Center s board prioritized reopening the Beaumont for shows while the theater s directors wanted to renovate the auditorium first Lincoln Center had requested that the Beaumont s board raise 3 million for a renovation before the end of 1983 Another point of contention was responsibility over maintenance the NYPL was paying all maintenance expenses for the library theater building while the Beaumont stood dark which cost the library an additional 150 000 from 1981 to 1983 188 Crinkley even objected to the Lincoln Center board s decision in mid 1983 to book the musical La Tragedie de Carmen for the theater because he had wanted the sole rights to book shows there 169 In August 1983 Lincoln Center s directors voted to prohibit the Beaumont s board from using either the Lincoln Center Theater Company name or 500 000 in annual funds 189 190 The Beaumont reopened that November with La Tragedie de Carmen 191 192 At the end of Carmen s run Lincoln Center s restrictions against the Beaumont board were still in effect prompting renewed discussions 193 The Greek National Troupe performed Oedipus Rex in 1984 194 Lincoln Center Theater operation edit The directors of Lincoln Center and the Beaumont reached an agreement in June 1984 in which the Beaumont s management would be reorganized in exchange for the lifting of restrictions Ten board members and a new chairman would be hired the Beaumont s board had to publish a detailed report about their goals missions and operations 195 196 Accordingly former New York City mayor John Lindsay was appointed as the Beaumont s chairman in September 1984 197 198 and Crinkley stepped down the next month 199 200 Lindsay submitted a report at the end of that November promising an artistic purpose and proposing a partnership with Juilliard 201 Gregory Mosher was hired as the director of the Lincoln Center Theater in April 1985 202 203 and Bernard Gersten was appointed as the Beaumont s executive producer that June 204 Unlike his predecessors Mosher believed the Beaumont could operate viably without being renovated 205 1980s and 1990s edit nbsp Seen in 2003 The Beaumont s leadership hosted a party at the theater in December 1985 to celebrate its upcoming reopening 206 The Flying Karamazov Brothers performed a live show at the Beaumont in April 1986 the first at the main auditorium under the new leadership 207 f It was followed the same month by a revival of John Guare s play The House of Blue Leaves 209 which transferred upstairs from the Newhouse 210 The 1986 1987 season was the first full season since 1980 1981 211 The season s offerings consisted of Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur s comedy The Front Page Wole Soyinka s drama Death and the King s Horseman Bill Irwin s mime show The Regard of Flight and The Clown Bagatelles and Robert Woodruff and The Flying Karamazov Brothers version of The Comedy of Errors 192 LCT made relatively minor changes to the theater in the late 1980s spending 25 000 on handrails and having productions use the thrust stage 212 The next production a revision of Cole Porter s musical Anything Goes opened in October 1987 213 214 and ran for 804 performances over the next two years 215 216 LCT s 1988 1989 season was hosted at the Lyceum Theatre as a result of the extended run of Anything Goes 217 LCT also planned to raise 900 000 for further improvements to the Newhouse and Beaumont 218 The 1989 1990 season at the Beaumont consisted of two shows a revival of Paddy Chayefsky s play The Tenth Man 219 and a transfer of Richard Nelson s play Some Americans Abroad 220 The Beaumont was renovated between these engagements 35 36 The renovation cost 1 6 million and included repairing the roof and travertine surfaces reupholstering the seats and adding carpets and handrails 36 The Guare play Six Degrees of Separation opened at the Beaumont in November 1990 221 222 running for 485 performances 223 LCT started booking solo engagements during nights when shows did not run 224 starting with Spalding Gray s Monster in a Box monologue in 1991 225 After Andre Bishop replaced Mosher in early 1992 226 Guare s play Four Baboons Adoring the Sun opened at the Beaumont 192 227 The musical version of My Favorite Year opened that December 228 but it was not a success and neither was a revival of Jane Bowles s In the Summer House in August 1993 192 Gray returned in November 1993 for his monologue series Gray s Anatomy 229 shortly before the play Abe Lincoln in Illinois opened 230 the engagements ran simultaneously 224 The theatre next produced a recreation of the Royal National Theatre production of Rodgers and Hammerstein s musical Carousel which opened in March 1994 231 232 233 followed later the same year by another engagement of Gray s Anatomy 234 The theater hosted Tom Stoppard s play Arcadia 235 and David Hare s play Racing Demon in 1995 236 Following complaints over poor acoustics System for Improved Acoustic Performance installed 88 speakers and some microphones after Arcadia closed 237 By the mid 1990s the Beaumont was finally running a surplus LCT had a 25 million annual budget and had sold all 41 000 subscriptions to the theater with 12 000 people on a waiting list 38 In December 1995 LCT announced it would close the Beaumont for an extensive renovation lasting six to eight months relocating Broadway shows to the Plymouth Theatre The project was originally estimated to cost 4 7 million 238 The renovation led by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates 239 involved modifying mechanical systems improving acoustics and adding accessible restrooms and seating areas 238 239 The work ultimately cost 6 2 million 38 The Beaumont reopened in November 1996 with the musical Juan Darien A Carnival Mass 240 This was followed in 1997 by another revival of The Little Foxes 241 as well as Ivanov 242 The next year the theater hosted Eugene O Neill s comedy Ah Wilderness 243 a revival of Shakespeare s Twelfth Night 244 and a short lived musical version of Parade 245 The last productions of the decade were the revue It Ain t Nothin But the Blues 246 and the musical Marie Christine in 1999 247 In addition to these Broadway shows Spalding Gray returned for two monologues It s a Slippery Slope in 1996 248 and Morning Noon and Night in 1999 249 2000s to present edit Further modifications to the Beaumont were proposed in the early 2000s when Lincoln Center planned to renovate the Beaumont s and Newhouse s lobbies for 58 million as part of a larger renovation of the complex 250 Susan Stroman s musical Contact opened in 2000 and ran for 1 010 performances 251 The Beaumont continued to host special productions including concert series and one time concerts 224 Two specials ran during Contact s engagement Patti LuPone s concert series Matters of the Heart in 2000 252 and the play QED in 2001 253 Barbara Cook performed the concert series Mostly Sondheim in 2002 254 followed later that year by the play Dinner at Eight 255 The Beaumont s 2003 2004 season saw the opening of two Shakespeare revivals Part 1 and Part 2 of Henry IV 256 and King Lear 257 succeeded by another Barbara Cook concert 258 During late 2004 the Beaumont hosted the musical The Frogs 259 and the play The Rivals 260 A new entrance was added from 65th Street to the Beaumont Theater s plaza level as part of a mid 2000s renovation 261 The musical The Light in the Piazza opened at the Beaumont in April 2005 262 followed by Stoppard s three part play The Coast of Utopia in 2006 263 and a revival of Shakespeare s Cymbeline in 2007 264 The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific was revived in 2008 265 running for 1 000 performances 266 Guare s play A Free Man of Color had a brief run at the Beaumont in 2010 267 The next year the play War Horse opened 268 running for 718 performances 269 The Claire Tow Theater on the Beaumont s roof was approved in 2010 270 and the new venue opened in June 2012 43 The Beaumont then hosted Holland Taylor s solo show Ann 271 as well as a revival of Macbeth during 2013 272 James Lapine s play Act One premiered the following year 273 Next a revival of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I opened in April 2015 274 and ran for 499 performances 275 J T Rogers s play Oslo 276 and Ayad Akhtar s play Junk were then performed during 2017 277 The next year Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner s musical My Fair Lady was revived for 509 performances 278 Robert Schenkkan s comedy The Great Society had a limited run in late 2019 279 and the theater was dark when the Broadway industry was shut down in March 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City 280 The Beaumont reopened on November 11 2021 with previews of the musical Flying Over Sunset which had a limited run 281 a limited revival of Thornton Wilder s The Skin of Our Teeth then opened at the Beaumont in April 2022 282 The theater hosted Mike Birbiglia s solo show Mike Birbiglia The Old Man and the Pool from November 2022 283 to January 2023 284 It was followed in April 2023 by the musical Camelot 285 286 which ran for two months 287 the play Uncle Vanya then opened in April 2024 288 289 Management edit nbsp Lincoln Center Theater Logo The Lincoln Center Theater LCT is the nonprofit organization that has operated the Beaumont since 1985 after the Beaumont s management was reorganized 31 LCT operates the Beaumont Newhouse and Claire Tow theaters 290 Andre Bishop has served as LCT s director since the beginning of 1992 replacing Gregory Mosher 291 LCT has not had an executive producer since 2013 292 when Bernard Gersten resigned from the position 293 294 LCT is one of four nonprofit theater companies to own and operate Broadway theaters along with the Manhattan Theatre Club the Roundabout Theatre Company and Second Stage Theater 295 296 Consequently none of the theatre company s employees personally profit from LCT s shows at the Beaumont Bishop said in 2011 that all profits from shows are used to fund more shows Particularly successful shows such as South Pacific are used to finance further productions 297 LCT mostly hosts its Broadway productions at the Beaumont but uses other theaters when the Beaumont is unavailable starting in the 1988 1989 season 217 LCT s Broadway productions were also relocated during the Beaumont s 1996 renovation 238 as well as in the 21st century such as during the runs of Contact The Light in the Piazza and South Pacific 224 LCT publishes the Lincoln Center Theater Review where writers comment on LCT shows 298 Notable productions editThe following productions are Broadway shows at the Vivian Beaumont Theater s main auditorium This list does not include shows produced in the off Broadway venues nor the Lincoln Center Theater s other productions Productions are listed by the year of their first performance 31 23 1965 Danton s Death 299 101 1965 The Country Wife 106 300 1966 The Condemned of Altona 107 301 1966 The Caucasian Chalk Circle 108 302 1966 The Alchemist 111 303 1966 Yerma 112 304 1967 Galileo 114 115 1967 The Unknown Soldier and His Wife 118 305 1967 The Little Foxes 306 307 1968 Saint Joan 308 309 1968 Tiger at the Gates 310 311 1968 Cyrano de Bergerac 312 313 1968 The Three Musketeers 314 315 1968 George Dandin 316 317 1968 Tartuffe 318 319 1968 Lovers 320 121 1968 King Lear 321 322 1968 A Cry of Players 323 324 1969 The Miser 124 325 1969 The Time of Your Life 326 1970 Camino Real 327 1970 Operation Sidewinder 328 1970 Beggar on Horseback 329 1970 The Good Woman of Setzuan 330 1971 The Playboy of the Western World 331 1971 An Enemy of the People 332 1971 Antigone 333 1971 Mary Stuart 334 1972 Narrow Road to the Deep North 335 1972 Twelfth Night 336 1972 The Crucible 337 1972 Man of La Mancha 338 140 1972 Enemies 339 1973 The Plough and the Stars 340 1973 The Merchant of Venice 341 1973 A Streetcar Named Desire 342 1973 In the Boom Boom Room 152 1974 Short Eyes 343 1975 Black Picture Show 344 1975 A Doll s House 345 1975 Trelawny of the Wells 346 1975 Hamlet 347 1976 Mrs Warren s Profession 348 1976 The Threepenny Opera 157 1977 The Cherry Orchard 349 1977 Agamemnon 350 1980 The Philadelphia Story 351 1981 Macbeth 352 1981 The Floating Light Bulb 353 1983 La Tragedie de Carmen 191 1984 Oedipus Rex 194 1986 The Flying Karamazov Brothers 207 1986 The House of Blue Leaves 209 1986 The Front Page 354 1987 Death and the King s Horseman 355 1987 The Comedy of Errors 356 1987 Anything Goes 215 213 1989 The Tenth Man 219 1990 Some Americans Abroad 220 1990 Six Degrees of Separation 223 221 1991 Monster in a Box 225 1992 My Favorite Year 228 1993 Abe Lincoln in Illinois 230 1993 Gray s Anatomy 229 1994 Carousel 357 232 1995 Arcadia 235 358 1995 Racing Demon 236 1996 Juan Darien A Carnival Mass 240 1997 The Little Foxes 241 1997 Ivanov 242 1998 Ah Wilderness 243 1998 Twelfth Night 244 1998 Parade 245 1999 It Ain t Nothin But the Blues 246 1999 Marie Christine 247 2000 Contact 251 2001 QED 253 2002 Dinner at Eight 255 2003 Henry IV Part 1 and Part 2 256 2004 King Lear 257 2004 The Frogs 259 2004 The Rivals 260 2005 The Light in the Piazza 359 262 2006 The Coast of Utopia 263 2007 Cymbeline 264 2008 South Pacific 266 2010 A Free Man of Color 267 2011 War Horse 269 2013 Macbeth 272 2014 Act One 273 2015 The King and I 275 274 2017 Oslo 276 2017 Junk 277 2018 My Fair Lady 278 2021 Flying Over Sunset 281 2022 The Skin of Our Teeth 282 2022 Mike Birbiglia The Old Man and the Pool 283 2023 Camelot 285 286 2024 Uncle Vanya 288 289 See also editList of Broadway theatersReferences editNotes edit Pelkonen amp Albrecht 2006 p 214 cites the pool as being 125 feet long while Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 697 gives a length of 120 feet Architectural Record 1962 p 143 gives a different depth of 18 ft 5 5 m Progressive Architecture 1965 p 191 gives a slightly differing length of 152 ft 46 m Progressive Architecture 1965 p 192 gave a figure of 1 140 seats with 779 on orchestra level and 361 in the balcony Progressive Architecture 1965 p 192 cited the stage as occupying 10 000 sq ft 930 m2 The theater building was still technically not complete the museum and library around the theater opened in December 1965 100 However the first LCT production was at the Newhouse in December 1985 208 Citations edit White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b c d Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 695 a b Merkel 2005 p 176 a b c d Hughes Allen October 21 1965 Library and Museum of the Arts At Lincoln Center Ready Soon The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 4 2022 a b c Pelkonen amp Albrecht 2006 p 214 a b c Progressive Architecture 1965 p 189 a b c d e f Merkel 2005 p 178 a b c d e f g h i j k Pelkonen amp Albrecht 2006 p 215 a b Lincoln Center Map PDF Lincoln Center September 2015 Retrieved March 4 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 697 Calder and Moore at Lincoln Center PDF Progressive Architecture Vol 46 December 1965 p 43 Canaday John August 25 1965 Lincoln Center Pool Gets Huge Sculpture Henry Moore to Supervise Installation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Esterow Milton October 13 1965 Beaumont Theater Opens at Lincoln Center Repertory Company Begins Previews in New Playhouse The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 4 2022 a b Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 695 697 a b c d e f g h i Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 698 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Progressive Architecture 1965 p 192 a b c Kimmelman Michael July 15 2012 A Glass Box That Nests Snugly on the Roof The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 4 2022 a b c d Progressive Architecture 1965 p 191 a b c d e f g h i j k l Merkel 2005 p 177 Hughes Allen October 21 1965 Library and Museum of the Arts At Lincoln Center Ready Soon The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Architectural Record 1962 p 143 a b c Pogrebin Robin May 14 2012 Lincoln Center Theater to Open a New Stage The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 4 2022 a b c Vivian Beaumont Theater 1965 New York NY Playbill Retrieved March 10 2022 McKinley Jesse April 5 1999 Stalking Tony Award A Revue Is Moving The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Freedman Samuel G March 21 1984 Broadway Debates Tony Award Rules The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b c d e f g h i j Gelb Arthur November 14 1961 Vast Stage Can Be Transformed For Variety of Dramatic Action The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 a b c d e f Esterow Milton October 13 1965 Beaumont Theater Opens at Lincoln Center Repertory Company Begins Previews in New Playhouse The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 a b c d Saarinen Design for Lincoln Center Repertory Theater PDF Architectural Record Vol 149 December 1961 p 11 a b c d Architectural Record 1962 p 145 a b c d e f Lincoln Center Repertory Theatre Back Stage Vol 2 no 42 November 17 1961 p 3 ProQuest 1505775430 a b c The Broadway League Vivian Beaumont Theatre New York NY IBDB Retrieved March 10 2022 a b c Zolotow Sam September 14 1965 Mielziner Views Beaumont Design Intimacy Cited as Chief Aim in Repertory s Theater The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 a b c Progressive Architecture 1965 p 195 American Seating Given Vivian Beaumont Pact Boxoffice Vol 86 no 19 March 1 1965 p SE 6 ProQuest 1673755812 a b Koenenn Joseph C March 1 1990 Bringing the Beaumont Up to Speed Newsday p 145 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b c Shepard Richard F April 23 1990 At Lincoln Center It s Regilding Time The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Esterow Milton September 6 1963 Lincoln Center Theater to Utilize An Electronic Lighting System In Guthrie Theater No Permanent Lighting The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 a b c d Marks Peter October 27 1996 It s a Success but Is That Enough The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Ross Don August 30 1959 Whitehead on Lincoln Square New York Herald Tribune p D1 ProQuest 1324082000 a b Schonberg Harold C March 20 1981 A Physical and Acoustic Facelift Waits in the Beaumont s Wings The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b c Gilroy Harry November 11 1967 Lincoln Company Opens Its Forum First Program at 299 Seat House Financed by Grant The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Krebs Albin June 30 1989 Mitzi E Newhouse Who Donated 1 Million for Theaters Dies at 87 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 4 2022 a b Isherwood Charles June 19 2012 Filling the Silence With the Voice of Youth The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b c Goldberger Paul June 14 2012 Hugh Hardy s New Lincoln Center Space the Claire Tow Theater Is Pleasing Deferential and Barely Visible Vanity Fair Retrieved March 4 2022 Catton Pia February 1 2012 Slowgirl to Open New Venue Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved March 10 2022 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 677 a b Merkel 2005 p 173 a b Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 678 a b Merkel 2005 p 174 a b Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 680 Grutzner Charles May 28 1956 Moses Outlines City Within City for Lincoln Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 Poteete Robert A May 28 1956 Lincoln Sq Project Up For Action Moses to Submit Slum Plan Today New York Herald Tribune p 1 ProQuest 1327308804 a b c d Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 681 Grutzner Charles February 26 1958 Lincoln Sq Sale Cleared by Court Appeals Tribunal Refuses to Ban Deals Friday Sets Church State Hearing U S ACTION IS DEFERRED Judge Awaits State Rulings Before Taking Up Federal Constitution Question The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 Beckley Paul V February 16 1958 Title to Lincoln Square Passes to City Feb 28 New York Herald Tribune p 2 ProQuest 1327635103 Freeman Ira Henry May 5 1958 Woman Gives Lincoln Sq Center 3 Million for Repertory Theatre Arts Center Gets Gift of 3 Million The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 a b Franklin Peter D May 5 1958 3 Million Gift Assures Theater for Lincoln Sq New York Herald Tribune p 1 ProQuest 1326219323 Funke Lewis May 16 1958 Repertory Adviser and Council Named for Lincoln Sq Drama Whitehead and Other Stage Figures to Create Troupe and Help Design Theatre The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 Barrett Laurence May 16 1958 Whitehead is Adviser On Lincoln Sq Center New York Herald Tribune p 10 ProQuest 1325321106 a b Merkel 2005 p 175 Schonberg Harold C October 11 1956 Architects Join on Center Plans Noted Designers in 2 Week Parley on Lincoln Square Are Called Unified The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 Lincoln Center Names Its Last Two Architects New York Herald Tribune November 17 1958 p 7 ProQuest 1325251386 Arts Center Picks Last 2 Architects Saarinen and Bunshaft Will Round Out Design Team for Lincoln Sq Project The New York Times November 17 1958 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Gleason Gene November 21 1958 Mielziner to Help Create Lincoln Center Theater New York Herald Tribune p 13 ProQuest 1327319042 Calta Louis November 21 1958 Mielziner to Aid Lincoln Sq Plan Scenic Designer Will Assist Architect in Planning Repertory Theatre The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Franklin Peter D January 19 1959 Lincoln Center Names 4 Firms as Contractor New York Herald Tribune p 14 ProQuest 1327336771 Lincoln Center Theatre Donor Fears Site May Be Too Small The New York Times February 16 1959 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Parmenter Ross June 30 1959 Library Is Joining Lincoln Arts Center The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 New Lincoln Center Model At Rockefeller 3d Dinner New York Herald Tribune October 6 1959 p A7 ProQuest 1323993454 Phillips Wayne October 6 1959 Lincoln Center Revises Designs Met Tower Added Theatre and Library Combined Model Shows Changes The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Gueft Olga December 1965 Lincoln Center s Masterpiece or What Happens When Two Distinguished Architects Decide to Team Up Interiors p 84 Little Stuart W October 22 1959 Lincoln Center Appoints Elia Kazan as Consultant New York Herald Tribune p 21 ProQuest 1328042049 Kazan Named to Aid Lincoln Repertory The New York Times October 22 1959 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Lincoln Arts Center Establishes Repertory Drama Corporation George Woods Picked to Head Nonprofit Group Kazan and Whitehead in Posts The New York Times February 16 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Franklin Peter D February 16 1960 Repertory Drama Theater Set Up at Lincoln Center New York Herald Tribune p 9 ProQuest 1327178806 Gelb Arthur August 7 1960 News and Gossip of the Rialto Final Plan for Theatre At Lincoln Center New Hellman Play The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Lincoln Sq Plan on Theatre Aired Mielziner Discusses Move Toward Smaller House at ANTA Meeting Here The New York Times December 29 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Freeman Ira Henry January 29 1961 State and City Set to Finance 2 Units in Lincoln Center Governor and Mayor Reach Tentative Pact on Ballet Theatre and Library The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Molleson John March 27 1961 A Legislative Cloud Dims Lincoln Sq Two of Six Planned Structures in Doubt New York Herald Tribune p 10 ProQuest 1326879364 Porter Russell April 7 1961 Cultural Annex Kept for 64 Fair Lincoln Center Will Retain Most of Program With State Aid as City Balks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Little Stuart W April 21 1961 Designer May Revamp Plan Of Lincoln Center Theater New York Herald Tribune p 12 ProQuest 1326879364 Lincoln Center s Rep Theatre To Build Pronto Variety Vol 224 no 3 September 13 1961 pp 1 74 ProQuest 962744113 Eero Saarinen 51 Architect Is Dead Versatile Designer Created Terminal for T W A Here and Embassies for U S The New York Times September 2 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 12 2021 a b Funke Lewis November 14 1961 Flexible Theatre for Repertory Is Designed for Lincoln Center The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 6 2022 Zolotow Sam March 29 1962 Lincoln Center Delays One Unit Vivian Beaumont Theatre Will Not Be Ready Until 64 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 D Arlene October 12 1962 Mrs Vivian Beaumont Allen Gave 3 Million to Lincoln Center Philanthropist Who Donated Funds in 1958 to Assist in Building Theater Dies Inherited a Fortune The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Gelb Arthur May 29 1962 Repertory Group to Perform in 63 Lincoln Center Unit Seeks a Stage While Awaiting Beaumont Theatre The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Coe Richard L May 28 1962 Rep Group Spurts Ahead The Washington Post and Times Herald p A27 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 141707585 Little Stuart W September 23 1962 The Repertory Theater the Vivian Beaumont Theater Won t Be Completed Until 1964 New York Herald Tribune p F8 ProQuest 1325993014 Funke Lewis September 29 1962 Training Plans for Actors Begun Lincoln Repertory Company to Start Sessions Monday The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Zolotow Sam March 18 1968 ANTA Washington Sq Theater Closes Forever The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 4 2022 Esterow Milton January 26 1965 Lincoln Theater Names Directors San Francisco Workshop s Founders Will Replace Whitehead and Kazan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 305 Lincoln Center Denies Beaumont Theater Delay The New York Times April 1 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Zolotow Sam May 5 1965 Danton s Death to Open Theater Lincoln Center Repertory at the Beaumont Oct 21 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Davis James May 5 1965 Anne Bancroft is Set Lincoln Rep Has Play New York Daily News p 43 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 7 2022 Esterow Milton October 15 1965 700 At Ceremony for New Theater City Cultural Leaders Attend Dedication of Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Dougherty Philip H October 21 1965 Beaumont Theater Inaugural Gala Honors Directors More Than 100 000 Is Raised Toward Expected Deficit The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Calta Louis October 22 1965 Beaumont Makes Opening Official Repertory House Again Wins Approval of the Public The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Library Museum of the Arts Opens at Lincoln Center The New York Times December 1 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b Taubman Howard October 22 1965 Theater Danton s Death at Beaumont Buchner Play Written at 21 Opens Season The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 7 2022 Chapman John October 23 1965 Danton s Death a Spectacular Opener for Beaumont Theatre New York Daily News p 215 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 7 2022 Chapman John October 31 1965 Great New Theatre Opens New York Daily News p 64 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 7 2022 Von Eckardt Wolf October 31 1965 Saarinen s Beaumont Theater Is the Crown of Lincoln Center The Washington Post p G7 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 142386523 Vivian Beaumont Theater Is Honored Lincoln Center Unit to Receive Award of Concrete Board The New York Times November 14 1965 p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 116773326 a b The Broadway League December 9 1965 The Country Wife Broadway Play 1965 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Country Wife Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1965 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b The Broadway League February 3 1966 The Condemned of Altona Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Condemned of Altona Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1966 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b The Broadway League March 24 1966 The Caucasian Chalk Circle Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Caucasian Chalk Circle Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1966 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b Cooke Richard P March 16 1966 The Theater Repertory Mixes Successes And Failures in New York Wall Street Journal p 16 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 133149864 Zolotow Sam October 12 1966 31 100 Seats Sold by Irving Troupe The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b The Broadway League October 13 1966 The Alchemist Broadway Play 1966 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Alchemist Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1966 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b The Broadway League December 8 1966 Yerma Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Yerma Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1966 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Funke Lewis January 22 1967 News of the Rialto Crisis at Lincoln Center The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b The Broadway League April 13 1967 Galileo Broadway Play 1967 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Galileo Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1967 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b The Theater Lincoln Center s Best Wall Street Journal April 17 1967 p 18 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 133230920 Kerr Walter April 14 1967 Theater Lincoln Repertory s Galileo Anthony Quayle Plays the Title Role Brecht Drama Offered Hirsch Is Director The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved April 19 2022 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 306 a b The Broadway League July 6 1967 The Unknown Soldier and His Wife Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Unknown Soldier and His Wife Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1967 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Schumach Murray September 23 1967 Lincoln Center Hub of Arts Lincoln Center 5 Years Old Today Wields a Major Influence in Nation s Arts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b c d e f g h i Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 307 a b Sullivan Dan July 26 1968 The Theater Art Carney and Lovers Plays by Brian Friel Open at Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b Micklin Bob January 22 1969 Montgomery to Head Theater Newsday p 117 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 8 2022 Shepard Richard F January 22 1969 Montgomery to Head Lincoln Repertory The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b The Broadway League May 8 1969 The Miser Broadway Play 1969 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Miser Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1969 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Funke Lewis August 27 1969 Four American Plays Planned By Troupe at Lincoln Center The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Calta Louis April 8 1970 Montsomery Resigns as Head Of the Lincoln Center Repertory The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Repertory Group Plans 4 Revivals The New York Times August 26 1970 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b Taubman Howard January 19 1971 City Center to Remodel the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Taubman Howard October 14 1971 Beaumont Takeover Now Seems Doomed The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b City Takes Over the Beaumont Plans 5 2 Million Remodeling The New York Times September 3 1971 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Designer cries rape at Lincoln Center New York Daily News August 24 1971 p 43 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 8 2022 Raping the Beaumont hell We re saving it New York Daily News August 30 1971 p 21 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 8 2022 Ranzal Edward October 8 1971 Beaumont Backers Get a New Chance The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Wallach Allan October 8 1971 City Center loses Beaumont skirmish Newsday p 131 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 8 2022 Segers Frank October 13 1971 Legitimate 1 000 Yearly Gift From 500 Friends Looms As Deficit Cure For Beaumont Variety Vol 264 no 9 pp 49 52 ProQuest 1032452264 Phillips McCandlish November 8 1971 Beaumont Troupe Fetes Benefactors The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Taubman Howard December 3 1971 City Center Formally Withdraws Its Beaumont Plan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Repertory Theater Of Lincoln Center Slates Four Plays The New York Times August 18 1971 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b c d e f Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 308 a b Morrison Hobe February 7 1973 Legitimate La Mancha Earned 103 514 Profit On 18 Week Run At Lincoln Center Has Paid 1 333 4 Return Thus Far Variety Vol 269 no 13 p 71 ProQuest 1032471526 Gussow Mel October 27 1972 Lincoln Center Forum Curtailing Season and Jules Irving Resigns The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 a b Parker Jerry January 21 1973 Lincoln Center s Theater in the Red Newsday pp 63 82 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 8 2022 Gussow Mel November 22 1972 Repertory Theater Battles Deficit Woes The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Gussow Mel January 11 1973 Lincoln Repertory Plans Guest Year The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved April 21 2022 Morrison Hobe January 31 1973 Legitimate Beaumont Theatre Crisis Tangled by Question of Foundation Grants Variety Vol 269 no 12 pp 65 68 ProQuest 1032466637 Seligsohn Lee March 7 1973 Joseph Papp Off Off Broadway to Lincoln Center Newsday p 95 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel March 7 1973 Papp s Troupe to Replace Lincoln Repertory The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b c Wallach Allan May 13 1979 The darkened Beaumont looks for light Newsday pp 65 73 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel May 31 1973 Mrs Newhouse Gives Papp 1 Million The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Iachetta Michael May 31 1973 Cool Million to Stoke Bard Festival New York Daily News p 475 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 9 2022 Briefs on the Arts The New York Times September 11 1973 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b The Broadway League November 8 1973 Boom Boom Room Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Boom Boom Room Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1973 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Barnes Clive November 9 1973 Stage New Papp Home The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel July 9 1974 Papp After Dull Year Is Optimistic The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Schumach Murray March 8 1975 Papp Will Go Traditional Cites Audience Hostility The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Wallach Allan March 25 1975 Papp is putting the Beaumont on a traditional track Newsday p 83 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Little Stuart W July 13 1975 Can Shakespeare Ibsen Shaw and Pinero Save Joseph Papp The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b The Broadway League May 1 1976 Threepenny Opera Broadway Musical 1976 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Threepenny Opera Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1976 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Gussow Mel August 24 1976 Papp Halves New Season at Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel April 13 1977 Papp Plans New Look for Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b Papp Citing Fiscal Artistic Reasons Leaves Beaumont The New York Times June 10 1977 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Parker Jerry June 10 1977 Exit Papp Stage Left Festival Run Finished Newsday p 19 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Pace Eric August 6 1977 Beaumont May Be Shut 2 Years The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel October 26 1977 Costs Keep the Beaumont Dark Despite a Theater Booking Jam The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Ferretti Fred June 27 1977 Plans Flow In for the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Powell Veronica August 13 1977 Robeson Archives Benefit At Vivian Beaumont New York Amsterdam News p D 6 ProQuest 226469315 Shepard Richard F June 20 1978 Committee to Seek Beaumont Troupe The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 8 2022 Gussow Mel December 13 1978 Beaumont Theater Will Reopen With a 5 Member Directorate The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Seligsohn Leo December 14 1978 New Plan for Beaumont Newsday p 19 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b Schonberg Harold C July 15 1983 Troubled Beaumont News Analysis The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel May 29 1979 Beaumont and 2 Unions Sign for Reopening in 80 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Lawson Carol October 25 1979 Seeking a Full Season Beaumont Theater Postpones Reopening The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Wallach Allan September 28 1980 Peddling the Beaumont Theater Newsday pp 103 104 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b c Corry John July 17 1980 Vivian Beaumont Theater to Reopen Nov 5 for a 3 Play Season Five Member Directorate 2 Million Is Available At Work on Second Season Art Show for the Blind At N Y U s Grey Gallery The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Beaumont Sets Short Season Back Stage No 1 July 25 1980 pp 50 60 ProQuest 963137182 Shepard Richard F October 9 1980 Beaumont Abuzz for Opening Just Finished Painting Former Triumph Play to Celebrate The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 pp 308 309 Honan William H January 31 1989 Richard D Crinkley Dies at 49 Former Beaumont Theater Chief The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b Rockwell John May 15 1981 Redesign of Beaumont and State Theater Set With 8 Million Gift The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Legitimate 8 Mil Foundation Gift Revises Troubled N Y State Beaumont Variety Vol 303 no 3 May 20 1981 p 113 ProQuest 1438316035 a b Schonberg Harold C January 10 1983 Troubles Stalk the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b Goodman Peter July 4 1982 A building boom for the arts Newsday pp 117 118 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Lawson Carol January 29 1982 Design Dispute Holds Up Reopening of Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Blau Eleanor February 24 1982 Pei Quitting Project in Acoustic Dispute Over the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Goodman Peter February 24 1982 A sound argument at the center Newsday p 144 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b Lawson Carol July 19 1982 Renovation of Beaumont Is in Doubt The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b Lawson Carol November 20 1982 4 Million Grant Is Lost For Work at Beaumont The New York Times p 15 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 122079200 a b Big setback for Beaumont plan Newsday November 20 1982 p 48 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Schonberg Harold C August 18 1983 Tensions Over Beaumont Theater Are Increasing The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Schonberg Harold C August 25 1983 Lincoln Center Moves Against the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Nelsen Don August 25 1983 Lincoln Center halts Beaumont funds New York Daily News p 79 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b The Broadway League November 17 1983 La Tragedie de Carmen Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved March 9 2022 La Tragedie de Carmen Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1983 Playbill Retrieved March 9 2022 Rich Frank November 18 1983 Theater Peter Brook s Tragedie De Carmen The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b c d Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 309 Schonberg Harold C April 11 1984 Debate Stirring Anew Over Beaumont Theater The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 a b The Broadway League July 17 1984 Oedipus Rex Broadway Play 1984 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Oedipus Rex Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1984 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Shepard Richard F July 19 1984 Stage Oedipus Rex Greek National Troupe The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Goodman Peter June 5 1984 For Lincoln Center and Beaumont a truce Newsday p 118 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 9 2022 Schonberg Harold C June 5 1984 Beaumont Agreement Is Reached The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Berman Janice September 18 1984 Lindsay chairing Beaumont board Newsday p 132 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 10 2022 Schonberg Harold C September 17 1984 Lindsay Named Beaumont Chairman The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Bennetts Leslie October 16 1984 Crinkley Out as Beaumont Director The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Legitimate Crinkley Ankles Viv Beaumont Scouting For Artistic Director Variety Vol 316 no 12 October 17 1984 pp 155 162 ProQuest 1438405061 Schonberg Harold C November 30 1984 Beaumont Proposes a Juilliard Link The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Freedman Samuel G April 30 1985 Gregory Mosher to Head Lincoln Center Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Koenenn Joseph G April 30 1985 A new director for the Vivian Beaumont Newsday p 135 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 10 2022 Gersten Named to Post At Lincoln Center The New York Times June 14 1985 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 9 2022 Gussow Mel November 5 1985 Four Dark Years to End at Lincoln Center Stage The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Anderson Susan Heller Dunlap David W December 14 1985 New York Day by Day Lighting Up the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League April 1 1986 The Flying Karamazov Brothers Juggling and Cheap Theatrics Broadway Special Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Flying Karamazov Brothers Juggling and Cheap Theatrics Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1986 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Gussow Mel April 2 1986 Stage Flying Karamazov Brothers The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Rich Frank December 24 1985 Stage Lincoln Center Presents 2 One acts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League April 29 1986 The House of Blue Leaves Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The House of Blue Leaves Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1986 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Bennetts Leslie April 9 1986 The Duality in House of Blue Leaves The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Bennetts Leslie May 15 1986 Lincoln Center Sets Theater Season The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Gerard Jeremy October 28 1987 Making the Beaumont Work The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b Rich Frank October 20 1987 The Stage Anything Goes The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Wallach Allan October 20 1987 On the High Seas in Cole Porter Revival Newsday p 127 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League October 19 1987 Anything Goes Broadway Musical 1987 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Anything Goes Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1987 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Finale for Anything Goes The New York Times August 30 1989 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b Lincoln Center and Actors Reach Pact The New York Times October 4 1988 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Rothstein Mervyn August 25 1988 A Theater Company Faces the Problems Of Its Own Success The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League December 10 1989 The Tenth Man Broadway Play 1989 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Tenth Man Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1989 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Mosel Tad December 10 1989 Theater In Search of the Untouched Moments of Life The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League May 2 1990 Some Americans Abroad Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Some Americans Abroad Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1990 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Gussow Mel May 3 1990 Review Theater A Comedy From London Reopens With Changes The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b Rich Frank November 9 1990 Reviews Theater Six Degrees Reopens Larger but Still Intimate The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 leSourd Jacques November 9 1990 Six Degrees still the only must see in New York The Journal News p 24 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League November 8 1990 Six Degrees of Separation Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Six Degrees of Separation Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1990 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b c d At This Theatre Vivian Beaumont Theater Playbill Retrieved December 30 2021 a b The Broadway League January 21 1991 Monster in a Box Broadway Special Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Monster in a Box Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1991 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Witchel Alex January 22 1992 Falsettos Headed For Broadway Not the Beaumont The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Wolf Matt March 15 1992 Theater A Father Figure Leads Nine Children Into Four Baboons The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League December 10 1992 My Favorite Year Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 My Favorite Year Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1992 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Rich Frank December 11 1992 Review Theater A Rosy View of a Golden Age The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League November 28 1993 Gray s Anatomy Broadway Special Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Gray s Anatomy Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1993 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Brantley Ben November 29 1993 Review Theater Gray s Anatomy A Monologuist s Idiosyncratic Trip Through Disease and Healing The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League November 29 1993 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Broadway Play 1993 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1993 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Richards David November 30 1993 Review Theater Abe Lincoln in Illinois Lincoln as Metaphor For a Big Job Ahead In 1939 and Today The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Theater Lincoln Center Rodgers amp Hammerstein s Carousel Lincoln Center Theater Retrieved April 19 2022 a b Richards David March 25 1994 Review Theater A Carousel for the 90 s Full of Grit and Passion The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Winer Linda March 25 1994 Rebuilt Carousel A Ride on Dark Side Newsday pp 102 103 121 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved March 10 2022 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 310 a b The Broadway League March 30 1995 Arcadia Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Arcadia Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1995 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b The Broadway League November 20 1995 Racing Demon Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Racing Demon Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1995 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 3 Broadway Productions Are to Close The New York Times December 30 1995 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 Gussow Mel April 1 1997 The Theater As Patient Clearing Its Throat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b c Marks Peter December 13 1995 Beaumont Theater Plans Its Biggest Makeover The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b Weathersby William Jr February 1996 Beaumont rebuilding TCI Vol 30 no 2 p 24 ProQuest 209643205 a b The Broadway League November 24 1996 Juan Darien Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Juan Darien Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1996 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Brantley Ben November 25 1996 Child With Inner Jaguar In a 60 s Dreamscape The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League April 27 1997 The Little Foxes Broadway Play 1997 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 The Little Foxes Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1997 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Brantley Ben April 28 1997 Freud Strays Into a Well Furnished Foxes Den Down South The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League November 20 1997 Ivanov Broadway Play 1997 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Ivanov Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1997 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Brantley Ben November 21 1997 Theater Review Kline in Chekhov Finds Esprit in Ennui The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League March 18 1998 Ah Wilderness Broadway Play 1998 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Ah Wilderness Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1998 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Marks Peter March 19 1998 Theater Review Ah Wholesomeness O Neill With a Smile The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League July 16 1998 Twelfth Night Broadway Play 1998 Revival IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Twelfth Night Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1998 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 a b The Broadway League December 17 1998 Parade Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 Parade Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1998 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Brantley Ben December 18 1998 Theater Review Martyr s Requiem Invokes Justice The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b The Broadway League April 26 1999 It Ain t Nothin But the Blues Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved March 7 2022 It Ain t Nothin But the Blues Broadway Vivian Beaumont Theater 1999 Playbill Retrieved March 7 2022 Theater Review They Call It the Blues but They Sure Look Like They re Having a Ball The New York Times April 27 1999 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 10 2022 a b cite, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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