...a sealed source of radioactive material contained in a small volume—but not radioactively contaminated soils and bulk metals—in any one or more of the following conditions
In an uncontrolled condition that requires removal to protect public health and safety from a radiological threat
Controlled or uncontrolled, but for which a responsible party cannot be readily identified
Controlled, but the material's continued security cannot be assured. If held by a licensee, the licensee has few or no options for, or is incapable of providing for, the safe disposition of the material
In the possession of a person, not licensed to possess the material, who did not seek to possess the material
In the possession of a State radiological protection program for the sole purpose of mitigating a radiological threat because the orphan source is in one of the conditions described in one of the first four bullets and for which the State does not have a means to provide for the material's appropriate disposition
Most known orphan sources were, generally, small radioactive sources produced legitimately under governmental regulation and put into service for radiography, generating electricity in radioisotope thermoelectric generators, medical radiotherapy or irradiation.[citation needed] These sources were then "abandoned, lost, misplaced or stolen" and so no longer subject to proper regulation.[2]
1984 - Casablanca, Morocco - A source was lost during radiography and taken home by other people who initially failed to recognize the source.[5]
1987 Goiânia accident - Praça Cívica, Brazil - A caesium-137 based teletherapy unit left behind at Goiânia’s Instituto Goiano de Radioterapia. This event was rated as a 5 on the INES scale, making it one of the worst nuclear accidents to have occurred to date.
1996 - Jilin, Xinzhou, China
1996 - Gilan, Iran - A source was temporarily lost during radiography at a power plant and found by an unsuspecting worker who put the source in his chest pocket for about 90 minutes. One person was severely injured.[6]
1997 - Tbilisi, Georgia - The Lilo Training Center had multiple sources dating back to Soviet-era military activity; 11 were injured.[7]
1999 - Kingisepp, Leningrad Oblast, Russia - Stolen from an RTG in a Russian lighthouse and then recovered 50 kilometres away at a bus station [8]
1999 - Istanbul, Turkey - A source was sold to a junkyard for its lead container in the district of İkitelli. [9]
2001 - Lia radiological accident: Three woodcutters in northern Georgia found two Soviet-era RTG elements near the Inguri River containing strontium-90 and became sick from the high levels of radiation.[12] As many as 300 orphan sources had been discovered in the country by 2006,[13] when a team from the IAEA and Georgian government found two containing caesium-137 in the Racha region. One of the sources had been kept in a home, and another in an abandoned factory used as storage by farmers.
2008 - Karachi, Pakistan - An orphan source was discovered within the vicinity of the Oil & Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL). Two containers were found buried which were suspected to be left over from Soviet oil drilling operations before the OGDCL took over in late 1960s.[14]
2010 Mayapuri radiological accident - Mayapuri, India. - An orphan source caused the death of one worker and irradiated seven others in a scrap yard. This event was rated as a 4 on the INES Scale.
2011 - Prague, Czech Republic - A brachytherapy source was found buried in a Prague playground, radiating 500 µSv/h from one metre away.[15][16][17]
2013 - Hueypoxtla, Mexico - A defunct cobalt therapy machine en route to proper disposal was stolen, apparently inadvertently, when the heavy truck transporting it was hijacked.[18]
^"The Hunt for Hot Stuff". Smithsonianmag.com. March 2003. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
^"Radioactive Sources Recovered in Georgia". IAEA.org. 2006-07-27. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
^Baqir Sajjad Syed (2008-07-11). "Containers found with radioactive material". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
^""Radioactive" little cylinder found underground in a park in Podolí". iDNES.cz. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
^Motl, Luboš. "Why a small cylinder buried in Prague radiates 500 μSv/h?". Retrieved 12 November 2012.
^Falvey, Christian (29 September 2011). "Passerby stumbles upon radioactive playground thanks to wristwatch". Radio Prague. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
^Will Grant (2013-12-05). "BBC News - Mexico radioactive material found, thieves' lives 'in danger'". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-05.
December 30, 2022
orphan, source, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Orphan source news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message An orphan source is a self contained radioactive source that is no longer under proper regulatory control The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines an orphan source more exactly as 1 a sealed source of radioactive material contained in a small volume but not radioactively contaminated soils and bulk metals in any one or more of the following conditionsIn an uncontrolled condition that requires removal to protect public health and safety from a radiological threat Controlled or uncontrolled but for which a responsible party cannot be readily identified Controlled but the material s continued security cannot be assured If held by a licensee the licensee has few or no options for or is incapable of providing for the safe disposition of the material In the possession of a person not licensed to possess the material who did not seek to possess the material In the possession of a State radiological protection program for the sole purpose of mitigating a radiological threat because the orphan source is in one of the conditions described in one of the first four bullets and for which the State does not have a means to provide for the material s appropriate disposition Most known orphan sources were generally small radioactive sources produced legitimately under governmental regulation and put into service for radiography generating electricity in radioisotope thermoelectric generators medical radiotherapy or irradiation citation needed These sources were then abandoned lost misplaced or stolen and so no longer subject to proper regulation 2 Notable orphan source incidents EditMain article List of orphan source incidents 1962 Mexico City radiation accident Mexico City Mexico A boy found and took home an industrial radiography source he and three relatives died 1963 Sanlian China 3 1982 Baku Azerbaijan 4 1983 Ciudad Juarez Mexico1984 Casablanca Morocco A source was lost during radiography and taken home by other people who initially failed to recognize the source 5 1987 Goiania accident Praca Civica Brazil A caesium 137 based teletherapy unit left behind at Goiania s Instituto Goiano de Radioterapia This event was rated as a 5 on the INES scale making it one of the worst nuclear accidents to have occurred to date 1996 Jilin Xinzhou China1996 Gilan Iran A source was temporarily lost during radiography at a power plant and found by an unsuspecting worker who put the source in his chest pocket for about 90 minutes One person was severely injured 6 1997 Tbilisi Georgia The Lilo Training Center had multiple sources dating back to Soviet era military activity 11 were injured 7 1999 Kingisepp Leningrad Oblast Russia Stolen from an RTG in a Russian lighthouse and then recovered 50 kilometres away at a bus station 8 1999 Istanbul Turkey A source was sold to a junkyard for its lead container in the district of Ikitelli 9 2000 Samut Prakan radiation accident Samut Prakan Thailand A defunct cobalt therapy machine was sold to a metal junkyard in Samut Prakan leading to three deaths 10 2000 Meet Half village in Qaluobiya Egypt 11 2001 Lia radiological accident Three woodcutters in northern Georgia found two Soviet era RTG elements near the Inguri River containing strontium 90 and became sick from the high levels of radiation 12 As many as 300 orphan sources had been discovered in the country by 2006 13 when a team from the IAEA and Georgian government found two containing caesium 137 in the Racha region One of the sources had been kept in a home and another in an abandoned factory used as storage by farmers 2008 Karachi Pakistan An orphan source was discovered within the vicinity of the Oil amp Gas Development Company Limited OGDCL Two containers were found buried which were suspected to be left over from Soviet oil drilling operations before the OGDCL took over in late 1960s 14 2010 Mayapuri radiological accident Mayapuri India An orphan source caused the death of one worker and irradiated seven others in a scrap yard This event was rated as a 4 on the INES Scale 2011 Prague Czech Republic A brachytherapy source was found buried in a Prague playground radiating 500 µSv h from one metre away 15 16 17 2013 Hueypoxtla Mexico A defunct cobalt therapy machine en route to proper disposal was stolen apparently inadvertently when the heavy truck transporting it was hijacked 18 References Edit NRC Orphan Sources Nrc gov Retrieved 2014 03 05 1 Archived October 1 2004 at the Wayback Machine CSanlian orphaned source 1963 Johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 2020 12 10 Johnston Wm Robert Baku orphaned source 1982 johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 10 December 2020 Casablanca orphaned source 1984 Johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 2014 03 05 Gilan orphaned source 1996 Johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 2014 03 05 Lilo orphaned sources 1996 1997 Johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 2014 03 05 Kingisepp orphaned source 1999 Johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 2014 03 05 Nukleer ihmal Milliyet com tr Retrieved 2014 03 05 IAEA Bulletin Volume 47 No 2 Reducing the Risk from Radioactive Sources PDF Iaea org Retrieved 2015 01 14 Meet Halfa orphaned source 2000 Johnstonsarchive net Retrieved 2014 03 05 The Hunt for Hot Stuff Smithsonianmag com March 2003 Retrieved 2014 12 06 Radioactive Sources Recovered in Georgia IAEA org 2006 07 27 Retrieved 2014 12 06 Baqir Sajjad Syed 2008 07 11 Containers found with radioactive material Dawn Com Retrieved 2014 03 05 Radioactive little cylinder found underground in a park in Podoli iDNES cz 29 September 2011 Retrieved 12 November 2012 Motl Lubos Why a small cylinder buried in Prague radiates 500 mSv h Retrieved 12 November 2012 Falvey Christian 29 September 2011 Passerby stumbles upon radioactive playground thanks to wristwatch Radio Prague Retrieved 21 November 2012 Will Grant 2013 12 05 BBC News Mexico radioactive material found thieves lives in danger Bbc co uk Retrieved 2014 03 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orphan source amp oldid 1059748085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
