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Tutejszy

January 01, 1970

Tutejszy (Polish: tutejszy, Polish pronunciation: [tuˈtɛjʂɨ]; Belarusian: тутэйшы, romanized: tutejšy; Ukrainian: тутешній, romanized: tuteshniy; Lithuanian: tuteišiai; Latvian: tuteiši; Russian: туземный, romanized: tuzemnyj) was a self-identification of Eastern European rural populations, who did not have a clear national identity. The term means "from here", "local" or "natives".[1][2] This was mostly in mixed-lingual Eastern European areas, including Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Latvia, in particular, in Polesia and Podlachia.[citation needed] As a self-identification, it persisted in Lithuania’s Vilnius Region into the late 20th century. For example, in 1989, a poll of persons whose passports recorded their ethnicity as Polish revealed that 4% of them regarded themselves as tuteišiai, 10% as Lithuanians, and 84% as Poles.[3]

In Poland edit

The term was first used in an official publication in 1922 [3] in the preliminary results of the Polish census of 1921 (Miesięcznik Statystyczny, vol. V). An indigenous nationality (French: Nationalité Indigène; Polish: Narodowość tutejsza) was declared by 38,943 persons, with the vast majority being Orthodox (38,135) and from rural areas (36,729). The Census stated that this category was for "population who could not describe their ethnicity in any other way".[4] This census did not include the Vilnius Region.[4]

There are mixed opinions about the reasons, meaning, and implications of this term.[5][6] In the Polish census of 1931 asked respondents to identify their mother tongue. “Tutejszy” was included and was chosen by 707,000 respondents.[7] Lithuanian researchers assert that within ethnographic Lithuania, the Tutejszy were mostly Slavicized Lithuanians.[8][9] Björn Wiemer [de] argues that a considerable contribution to Slavicization of the area was a significant influx of Ruthenian (Belarusian) peasantry in the area, especially after considerable depopulation due to plague.[10]

In Latvia edit

Report on the Latvian census of 1930 describes tuteiši as Catholics of Latgale, who spoke Polish, Latvian and Russian equally and lacked ethnic identity (the Latvian census did not recognize these people as having a separate ethnic identity). The report notes that they could easily change their identity on a whim or after being persuaded by nationalist organizations, producing sharp changes in the ethnic composition of some areas, the most noticeable changes being a decrease in the number of Belarusians in ten years since 1920 from 75,630 to 36,029 and number of Poles increasing more than could be explained with natural growth and immigration, suggesting that some 5,000 Tutejszy had chosen to identify as Poles. In addition, uncertain number of them presumably chose to identify as Russians or Latvians.[11]

Language edit

The group's speech (język tutejszy, "local language") was described by Björn Wiemer [de] as “an uncodified and largely undescribed Belarusian vernacular”.[10]

According to Polish professor Jan Otrębski's article published in 1931, the Polish dialect in the Vilnius Region and in the northeastern areas in general are very interesting variant of Polishness as this dialect developed in a foreign territory which was mostly inhabited by the Lithuanians who were Belarusized (mostly) or Polonized, and to prove this Otrębski provided examples of Lithuanianisms in the Tutejszy language.[12][13]

In 2015, Polish linguist Mirosław Jankowiak [pl] attested that many of the Vilnius Region's inhabitants who declare Polish nationality speak a Belarusian dialect which they call mowa prosta ('simple speech').[14]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Richmond 1995, p. 309.
  2. ^ Lieven 1994, p. 160.
  3. ^ a b Zinkevičius 1994, p. 82.
  4. ^ a b Central Statistical Office of the Polish Republic (1927). Population of Poland according to religious denominations and nationality [Ludność według wyznania religijnego i narodowości] (PDF). Warszawa: GUS. page 80/109 in PDF, page 56 in census results: Table XI. Retrieved 14 October 2015. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Majecki 2012.
  6. ^ Korniluk 2007.
  7. ^ Tadeusz Piotrowski (1998). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-7864-0371-4.
  8. ^ Šapoka 2013, p. 216.
  9. ^ Budreckis 1967.
  10. ^ a b Björn Wiemer [de], "Dialect and language contacts on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th century until 1939", In: Kurt Braunmüller; Gisella Ferraresi (2003). Aspects of multilingualism in European language history. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 107. ISBN 978-90-272-1922-0. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  11. ^ Skujenieks, M. (1930). Trešā tautas skaitīšana Latvijā 1930. gadā (PDF) (in Latvian). Rīga: Valsts statistikas pārvalde.
  12. ^ Nitsch, Kazimierz; Otrębski, Jan (1931). "Język Polski. 1931, nr 3 (maj/czerwiec)" (in Polish). Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Komisja Języka Polskiego: 80–85. Retrieved 3 November 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ Martinkėnas, Vincas (19 December 2016). "Vilniaus ir jo apylinkių čiabuviai". Alkas.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  14. ^ Jankowiak, Miroslaw (26 August 2015). ""Mowa prosta" jest dla mnie synonimem gwary białoruskiej" (in Polish).

Bibliography edit

  • Budreckis, Algirdas (1967). "ETNOGRAFINĖS LIETUVOS RYTINĖS IR PIETINĖS SIENOS". Karys.
  • Korniluk, Marcin (2007). "Ja tutejszy..." Stowarzyszenie "Olszówka" (in Polish). from the original on 2007-09-27.
  • Lieven, Anatol (1994). The Baltic revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the path to independence. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-06078-2.
  • Lipscomb, Glenard P. (29 May 1958). "Extension of Remarks". Congressional Record. 104–Appendix.
  • Majecki, Henryk (2012). "Problem samookreślenia narodowego Poleszuków w Polsce okresu międzywojennego" [The problem of national self-determination of Poleshuks in Poland in the interwar period]. МОВЫ CВЕТУ [World's Languages] (in Polish).
  • Richmond, Yale (1995). From Da to Yes: understanding the East Europeans. United States of America: Intercultural Press. ISBN 9781877864308.
  • Stakauskas, Juozapas (2003). Naujieji nacionalizmai ir Katalikų Bažnyčia Lietuvoje (in Lithuanian). Aidai. ISBN 9955445688.
  • Šapoka, Adolfas (2013). Raštai (in Lithuanian). Vol. I - Vilniaus Istorija. Vilnius: Edukologija.
  • Zinkevičius, Zigmas (1994). Lietuvių kalbos istorija (in Lithuanian). Vol. VI – Lietuvių kalba naujaisiais laikais. Vilnius.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

January 01, 1970
tutejszy, polish, tutejszy, polish, pronunciation, tuˈtɛjʂɨ, belarusian, тутэйшы, romanized, tutejšy, ukrainian, тутешній, romanized, tuteshniy, lithuanian, tuteišiai, latvian, tuteiši, russian, туземный, romanized, tuzemnyj, self, identification, eastern, eur. Tutejszy Polish tutejszy Polish pronunciation tuˈtɛjʂɨ Belarusian tutejshy romanized tutejsy Ukrainian tuteshnij romanized tuteshniy Lithuanian tuteisiai Latvian tuteisi Russian tuzemnyj romanized tuzemnyj was a self identification of Eastern European rural populations who did not have a clear national identity The term means from here local or natives 1 2 This was mostly in mixed lingual Eastern European areas including Poland Ukraine Belarus Lithuania and Latvia in particular in Polesia and Podlachia citation needed As a self identification it persisted in Lithuania s Vilnius Region into the late 20th century For example in 1989 a poll of persons whose passports recorded their ethnicity as Polish revealed that 4 of them regarded themselves as tuteisiai 10 as Lithuanians and 84 as Poles 3 Contents 1 In Poland 2 In Latvia 3 Language 4 See also 5 References 6 BibliographyIn Poland editThe term was first used in an official publication in 1922 3 in the preliminary results of the Polish census of 1921 Miesiecznik Statystyczny vol V An indigenous nationality French Nationalite Indigene Polish Narodowosc tutejsza was declared by 38 943 persons with the vast majority being Orthodox 38 135 and from rural areas 36 729 The Census stated that this category was for population who could not describe their ethnicity in any other way 4 This census did not include the Vilnius Region 4 There are mixed opinions about the reasons meaning and implications of this term 5 6 In the Polish census of 1931 asked respondents to identify their mother tongue Tutejszy was included and was chosen by 707 000 respondents 7 Lithuanian researchers assert that within ethnographic Lithuania the Tutejszy were mostly Slavicized Lithuanians 8 9 Bjorn Wiemer de argues that a considerable contribution to Slavicization of the area was a significant influx of Ruthenian Belarusian peasantry in the area especially after considerable depopulation due to plague 10 In Latvia editReport on the Latvian census of 1930 describes tuteisi as Catholics of Latgale who spoke Polish Latvian and Russian equally and lacked ethnic identity the Latvian census did not recognize these people as having a separate ethnic identity The report notes that they could easily change their identity on a whim or after being persuaded by nationalist organizations producing sharp changes in the ethnic composition of some areas the most noticeable changes being a decrease in the number of Belarusians in ten years since 1920 from 75 630 to 36 029 and number of Poles increasing more than could be explained with natural growth and immigration suggesting that some 5 000 Tutejszy had chosen to identify as Poles In addition uncertain number of them presumably chose to identify as Russians or Latvians 11 Language editThe group s speech jezyk tutejszy local language was described by Bjorn Wiemer de as an uncodified and largely undescribed Belarusian vernacular 10 According to Polish professor Jan Otrebski s article published in 1931 the Polish dialect in the Vilnius Region and in the northeastern areas in general are very interesting variant of Polishness as this dialect developed in a foreign territory which was mostly inhabited by the Lithuanians who were Belarusized mostly or Polonized and to prove this Otrebski provided examples of Lithuanianisms in the Tutejszy language 12 13 In 2015 Polish linguist Miroslaw Jankowiak pl attested that many of the Vilnius Region s inhabitants who declare Polish nationality speak a Belarusian dialect which they call mowa prosta simple speech 14 See also editPoleshuks Podlashuks Kresy Krajowcy Simple speechReferences edit Richmond 1995 p 309 Lieven 1994 p 160 a b Zinkevicius 1994 p 82 a b Central Statistical Office of the Polish Republic 1927 Population of Poland according to religious denominations and nationality Ludnosc wedlug wyznania religijnego i narodowosci PDF Warszawa GUS page 80 109 in PDF page 56 in census results Table XI Retrieved 14 October 2015 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Majecki 2012 Korniluk 2007 Tadeusz Piotrowski 1998 Poland s Holocaust Ethnic Strife Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic 1918 1947 McFarland p 294 ISBN 978 0 7864 0371 4 Sapoka 2013 p 216 Budreckis 1967 a b Bjorn Wiemer de Dialect and language contacts on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 15th century until 1939 In Kurt Braunmuller Gisella Ferraresi 2003 Aspects of multilingualism in European language history John Benjamins Publishing Company p 107 ISBN 978 90 272 1922 0 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Skujenieks M 1930 Tresa tautas skaitisana Latvija 1930 gada PDF in Latvian Riga Valsts statistikas parvalde Nitsch Kazimierz Otrebski Jan 1931 Jezyk Polski 1931 nr 3 maj czerwiec in Polish Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci Komisja Jezyka Polskiego 80 85 Retrieved 3 November 2023 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Martinkenas Vincas 19 December 2016 Vilniaus ir jo apylinkiu ciabuviai Alkas lt in Lithuanian Retrieved 3 November 2023 Jankowiak Miroslaw 26 August 2015 Mowa prosta jest dla mnie synonimem gwary bialoruskiej in Polish Bibliography editBudreckis Algirdas 1967 ETNOGRAFINĖS LIETUVOS RYTINĖS IR PIETINĖS SIENOS Karys Korniluk Marcin 2007 Ja tutejszy Stowarzyszenie Olszowka in Polish Archived from the original on 2007 09 27 Lieven Anatol 1994 The Baltic revolution Estonia Latvia Lithuania and the path to independence Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 06078 2 Lipscomb Glenard P 29 May 1958 Extension of Remarks Congressional Record 104 Appendix Majecki Henryk 2012 Problem samookreslenia narodowego Poleszukow w Polsce okresu miedzywojennego The problem of national self determination of Poleshuks in Poland in the interwar period MOVY CVETU World s Languages in Polish Richmond Yale 1995 From Da to Yes understanding the East Europeans United States of America Intercultural Press ISBN 9781877864308 Stakauskas Juozapas 2003 Naujieji nacionalizmai ir Kataliku Baznycia Lietuvoje in Lithuanian Aidai ISBN 9955445688 Sapoka Adolfas 2013 Rastai in Lithuanian Vol I Vilniaus Istorija Vilnius Edukologija Zinkevicius Zigmas 1994 Lietuviu kalbos istorija in Lithuanian Vol VI Lietuviu kalba naujaisiais laikais Vilnius a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tutejszy amp oldid 1212599085, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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