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The Republic of Acre (Portuguese: República do Acre, Spanish: República del Acre) or the Independent State of Acre (Portuguese: Estado Independente do Acre, Spanish: Estado Independiente del Acre) were the names of a series of separatist governments in then Bolivia's Acre region between 1899 and 1903. The region was eventually annexed by Brazil in 1903 and is now the State of Acre.
For forty years, after around 1860, Acre had been overrun by Brazilians, who made up the vast majority of the population.[1] The territory of Acre was assigned to Bolivia in 1867 by the Treaty of Ayacucho with Brazil. The rubber boom of the late 19th century attracted many Brazilian migrants to the region. In 1899–1900, the Spanish journalist and former diplomat Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias led an expedition that sought to seize control of what is now Acre from Bolivia. The expedition was secretly financed by the Amazonas state government and aimed to incorporate Acre into Brazil after its independence from Bolivia. Gálvez declared himself president of the First Republic of Acre on July 14, 1899, and set up his capital at Puerto Alonso, which he renamed Cidade do Acre. That first republic lasted until March 1900, when the Brazilian government sent troops to arrest Gálvez and give Acre back to Bolivia. Gálvez was deported to Spain and the inhabitants of Acre found themselves up against both Bolivia and Brazil.
In November 1900 an attempt was made at creating a Second Acre Republic with Rodrigo de Carvalho as president. Again the movement was suppressed, and Acre remained part of Bolivia until 1903.
José Plácido de Castro
After the failure of the second attempt of Acre to secede from Bolivia, a veteran soldier from Rio Grande do Sul who had fought in the Federalist Revolution of 1893, José Plácido de Castro, was approached by the Acrean Revolution leaders and offered the opportunity to lead the independence movement against the Bolivians. Plácido, who had been working in Acre since 1899 as a chief surveyor of a surveying expedition and was about to go back to Rio de Janeiro, accepted the offer. He imposed strict military discipline and reorganized the revolutionary army, which reached 30,000 men. The Acrean army won battle after battle and on January 27, 1903, José Plácido de Castro declared the Third Republic of Acre. President Rodrigues Alves of Brazil ordered Brazilian troops into Northern Acre in order to replace Plácido as the president of Acre. Through Barão do Rio Branco's most able ministerial diplomacy, the question was settled. After negotiations, a treaty was signed. The Treaty of Petrópolis, which was signed on November 11, 1903, gave Brazil Acre (191.000 km2) in exchange for lands in Mato Grosso, payment of two million pounds sterling and an undertaking to construct the Madeira-Mamoré Railroad that would allow Bolivia access to the outside world. On February 25, 1904, it was officially made a federal territory of Brazil.
1899 stamp of the Independent State of Acre
Map of the Republic of Acre, it is kept in the national archive
republic, acre, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, portuguese, april, 2021, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translatio. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese April 2021 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 445 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Republica do Acre see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pt Republica do Acre to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Republic of Acre Portuguese Republica do Acre Spanish Republica del Acre or the Independent State of Acre Portuguese Estado Independente do Acre Spanish Estado Independiente del Acre were the names of a series of separatist governments in then Bolivia s Acre region between 1899 and 1903 The region was eventually annexed by Brazil in 1903 and is now the State of Acre Republic of AcrePortuguese Republica do Acre Spanish Republica del Acre1899 19001900 19011902 1903Top 1899 1900 bottom 1903Flag EmblemMotto Patria e Liberdade Location of Acre in present day BrazilStatusUnrecognized stateCapitalCidade do AcreCommon languagesPortugueseOther languagesSpanish for native Peruvians and Bolivians ReligionRoman CatholicismGovernmentPresidential republicPresident 1899 1900Galvez Rodriguez 1903Placido de CastroHistory First Republic declared14 July 1899 Restored to Bolivia15 March 1900 Second Republic declaredNovember 1900 Second Republic suppressed24 December 1900 Third Republic declared27 January 1903 Treaty of Petropolis11 November 1903CurrencyReisPreceded by Succeeded byBolivia PeruBrazilToday part ofBrazil Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksHistory Edit Luis Galvez Rodriguez de Arias For forty years after around 1860 Acre had been overrun by Brazilians who made up the vast majority of the population 1 The territory of Acre was assigned to Bolivia in 1867 by the Treaty of Ayacucho with Brazil The rubber boom of the late 19th century attracted many Brazilian migrants to the region In 1899 1900 the Spanish journalist and former diplomat Luis Galvez Rodriguez de Arias led an expedition that sought to seize control of what is now Acre from Bolivia The expedition was secretly financed by the Amazonas state government and aimed to incorporate Acre into Brazil after its independence from Bolivia Galvez declared himself president of the First Republic of Acre on July 14 1899 and set up his capital at Puerto Alonso which he renamed Cidade do Acre That first republic lasted until March 1900 when the Brazilian government sent troops to arrest Galvez and give Acre back to Bolivia Galvez was deported to Spain and the inhabitants of Acre found themselves up against both Bolivia and Brazil In November 1900 an attempt was made at creating a Second Acre Republic with Rodrigo de Carvalho as president Again the movement was suppressed and Acre remained part of Bolivia until 1903 Jose Placido de Castro After the failure of the second attempt of Acre to secede from Bolivia a veteran soldier from Rio Grande do Sul who had fought in the Federalist Revolution of 1893 Jose Placido de Castro was approached by the Acrean Revolution leaders and offered the opportunity to lead the independence movement against the Bolivians Placido who had been working in Acre since 1899 as a chief surveyor of a surveying expedition and was about to go back to Rio de Janeiro accepted the offer He imposed strict military discipline and reorganized the revolutionary army which reached 30 000 men The Acrean army won battle after battle and on January 27 1903 Jose Placido de Castro declared the Third Republic of Acre President Rodrigues Alves of Brazil ordered Brazilian troops into Northern Acre in order to replace Placido as the president of Acre Through Barao do Rio Branco s most able ministerial diplomacy the question was settled After negotiations a treaty was signed The Treaty of Petropolis which was signed on November 11 1903 gave Brazil Acre 191 000 km2 in exchange for lands in Mato Grosso payment of two million pounds sterling and an undertaking to construct the Madeira Mamore Railroad that would allow Bolivia access to the outside world On February 25 1904 it was officially made a federal territory of Brazil 1899 stamp of the Independent State of Acre Map of the Republic of Acre it is kept in the national archiveSee also EditAcre state References Edit Weinstein Barbara 1983 The Amazon Rubber Boom 1850 1920 Stanford CA Stanford University Press p 205 ISBN 0 8047 1168 2 Scheina Robert L 2003 Latin America s Wars The Age of the Caudillo 1791 1899 Brassey s pp 7 9 ISBN 1 57488 452 2 New Republic Founded The Evolution of a South American No Man s Land The Philadelphia Inquirer Nov 12 1899 p 7 Acre Seeks Recognition New South American Republic Sends a Minister to This Country The New York Times Nov 24 1900 p 1 Acre and Its Rubber Cause of the Establishment of the New Republic The New York Times Nov 25 1900 p 12 A Short Lived Republic Acre the Land of Rubber No Longer a Separate Country The New York Times Nov 30 1900 p 1 Acre Belongs to Brazil A Settlement of the Rubber Republic Dispute The Kansas City Star Aug 12 1903 p 4External links EditEvolution of the Acrean FlagCoordinates 9 58 S 67 48 W 9 967 S 67 800 W 9 967 67 800 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Republic of Acre amp oldid 1132665237, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
