Zanthoxylum asiaticum is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. Under its synonym Toddalia asiatica, it was the only species in the monotypic genus Toddalia, now included in Zanthoxylum.[1][2] It is known by the English name orange climber.[citation needed]
This is a liana with woody, corky, thorny stems that climb on trees, reaching up to 10 m in length. It has shiny green citrus-scented leaves, yellow-green flowers, and orange fruits about half a cm wide that taste like orange peel.[3] The seeds are dispersed by birds and monkeys that eat the fruits.[3] In particular, the scaly-breasted munia prefers to nest in these trees.
Distributionedit
It is native to many countries in Africa and Asia.[4] Examples include South Africa where in Afrikaans it is called ranklemoentjie, and in Venda, gwambadzi.[3] It is very popular among the Kikuyus of Central Kenya, where it is known as mururue, Mauritius, where it is known as patte poule [5] or properly mũrũrũe.[6][7][8]
Habitatedit
It grows in forested riparian habitat with high rainfall.[3] The destruction of forest habitat in Africa threatens the species' survival.[9]
Fossil recordedit
Fossil seeds assigned to Toddalia (now included in Zanthoxylum) have been described as Toddalia nanlinensis from the Miocene of Nanlin Formation in Longchuan Basin, Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The fossil seeds are boat-shaped with tegmen that is composed of thin-walled cells with fine criss-crossed spiral lignifications.[10]
Protocols for domestication or propagation of the tree are being researched.[9]
Referencesedit
^ abc"Zanthoxylum asiaticum (L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
^Appelhans, Marc S.; Bayly, Michael J.; Heslewood, Margaret M.; Groppo, Milton; Verboom, G. Anthony; Forster, Paul I.; Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. & Duretto, Marco F. (2021). "A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers". Taxon. 70 (5): 1035–1061. doi:10.1002/tax.12543. hdl:11343/288824.
^Njoroge, Grace N.; Bussmann, Rainer W. (2006). "Diversity and Utilization of antimalarial ethnophytotherapeutic remedies among the Kikuyus (Central Kenya)". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2 (8): 8. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-8. PMC1397805. PMID 16451716.
^"mũrũrũe" in Benson, T.G. Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 421.
^Kamau, Loice Njeri and Peter Mathiu Mbaabu and James Mucunu Mbaria and Peter Karuri Gathumbi and Stephen Gitahi Kiama (2016). "Ethnobotanical survey and threats to medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of human diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya", p. 11.
^ abcNabwami, J., et al. (2007). Characterization of the natural habitat of Toddalia asiatica in the Lake Victoria basin: soil characteristics and seedling establishment. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings Volume 8.
^Fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and seeds of Toddalia (Rutaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan Province, China by Ya Li, Jian Yang, Nilamber Awasthi and Cheng-Sen Li in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 193:119–127 · June 2013
^Orwa, J. A., et al. (2008). The use of Toddalia asiatica (L) Lam. (Rutaceae) in traditional medicine practice in East Africa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115:2 257-62.
^Bussmann, R. W., et al. (2006). Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2 22.
^Oketch-Rabah, H. A., et al. (2000). A new antiplasmodial coumarin from Toddalia asiatica roots. Fitoterapia 71:6 636-40.
^Lu, S. Y., et al. (2005). Identification of antiviral activity of Toddalia asiatica against influenza type A virus. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 30:13 998-1001.
Media related to Zanthoxylum asiaticum at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Zanthoxylum asiaticum at Wikispecies
January 01, 1970
zanthoxylum, asiaticum, species, plant, family, rutaceae, under, synonym, toddalia, asiatica, only, species, monotypic, genus, toddalia, included, zanthoxylum, known, english, name, orange, climber, citation, needed, leaves, fruits, scientific, classification,. Zanthoxylum asiaticum is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae Under its synonym Toddalia asiatica it was the only species in the monotypic genus Toddalia now included in Zanthoxylum 1 2 It is known by the English name orange climber citation needed Zanthoxylum asiaticum Leaves and fruits Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Sapindales Family Rutaceae Genus Zanthoxylum Species Z asiaticum Binomial name Zanthoxylum asiaticum L Appelhans Groppo amp J Wen 1 Synonyms 1 Cranzia aculeata OkenCranzia asiatica L KuntzeCranzia nitida KuntzeCranzia schmidelioides Baker KuntzeCranzia willdenowii KuntzeLimonia oligandra DalzellRubentia angustifolia Bojer ex Steud Scopolia angustifolia Spreng Scopolia micracantha BlumeScopolia nitida Willd ex Spreng Toddalia aculeata Pers Toddalia ambigua Turcz Toddalia angustifolia Lam Toddalia asiatica L Lam Toddalia asiatica var parva Z M TanToddalia effusa Turcz Toddalia floribunda Wall Toddalia micrantha Blume Steud Toddalia nitida Lam Toddalia rubicaulis Schult Toddalia schmidelioides BakerToddalia tonkinensis GuillauminToddalia willdenowii Steud Zanthoxylum floribundum Wall Zanthoxylum nitidum Wall Paullinia asiatica L Scopolia aculeata Sm Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Habitat 4 Fossil record 5 Medicinal uses 6 ReferencesDescription editThis is a liana with woody corky thorny stems that climb on trees reaching up to 10 m in length It has shiny green citrus scented leaves yellow green flowers and orange fruits about half a cm wide that taste like orange peel 3 The seeds are dispersed by birds and monkeys that eat the fruits 3 In particular the scaly breasted munia prefers to nest in these trees Distribution editIt is native to many countries in Africa and Asia 4 Examples include South Africa where in Afrikaans it is called ranklemoentjie and in Venda gwambadzi 3 It is very popular among the Kikuyus of Central Kenya where it is known as mururue Mauritius where it is known as patte poule 5 or properly mũrũrũe 6 7 8 Habitat editIt grows in forested riparian habitat with high rainfall 3 The destruction of forest habitat in Africa threatens the species survival 9 Fossil record editFossil seeds assigned to Toddalia now included in Zanthoxylum have been described as Toddalia nanlinensis from the Miocene of Nanlin Formation in Longchuan Basin Dehong Autonomous Prefecture Yunnan Province China The fossil seeds are boat shaped with tegmen that is composed of thin walled cells with fine criss crossed spiral lignifications 10 Medicinal uses editThe plant is used medicinally by many African peoples 11 including the Maasai who use it for malaria 12 cough and influenza 3 The roots contain coumarins that have antiplasmodial activity 13 Extracts of the plant have demonstrated antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza in the laboratory 14 The harvest of this slow growing plant from the wild for medicinal use may cause its populations to decline 9 Protocols for domestication or propagation of the tree are being researched 9 References edit a b c Zanthoxylum asiaticum L Appelhans Groppo amp J Wen Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2021 09 15 Appelhans Marc S Bayly Michael J Heslewood Margaret M Groppo Milton Verboom G Anthony Forster Paul I Kallunki Jacquelyn A amp Duretto Marco F 2021 A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family Rutaceae based on six nuclear and plastid markers Taxon 70 5 1035 1061 doi 10 1002 tax 12543 hdl 11343 288824 a b c d e PlantZAfrica com Toddalia asiatica Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Retrieved 12 January 2018 Njoroge Grace N Bussmann Rainer W 2006 Diversity and Utilization of antimalarial ethnophytotherapeutic remedies among the Kikuyus Central Kenya Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2 8 8 doi 10 1186 1746 4269 2 8 PMC 1397805 PMID 16451716 mũrũrũe in Benson T G Kikuyu English dictionary Oxford Clarendon Press p 421 Kamau Loice Njeri and Peter Mathiu Mbaabu and James Mucunu Mbaria and Peter Karuri Gathumbi and Stephen Gitahi Kiama 2016 Ethnobotanical survey and threats to medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of human diseases in Nyeri County Kenya p 11 Leakey L S B 1977 The Southern Kikuyu before 1903 v III p 1340 London and New York Academic Press ISBN 0 12 439903 7 a b c Nabwami J et al 2007 Characterization of the natural habitat of Toddalia asiatica in the Lake Victoria basin soil characteristics and seedling establishment African Crop Science Conference Proceedings Volume 8 Fruits of Schima Theaceae and seeds of Toddalia Rutaceae from the Miocene of Yunnan Province China by Ya Li Jian Yang Nilamber Awasthi and Cheng Sen Li in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 193 119 127 June 2013 Orwa J A et al 2008 The use of Toddalia asiatica L Lam Rutaceae in traditional medicine practice in East Africa Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115 2 257 62 Bussmann R W et al 2006 Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley Maasai Mara Kenya J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2 22 Oketch Rabah H A et al 2000 A new antiplasmodial coumarin from Toddalia asiatica roots Fitoterapia 71 6 636 40 Lu S Y et al 2005 Identification of antiviral activity of Toddalia asiatica against influenza type A virus Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 30 13 998 1001 nbsp Media related to Zanthoxylum asiaticum at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Zanthoxylum asiaticum at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zanthoxylum asiaticum amp oldid 1176910666, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
