The Battle of Turaida or Treiden (also known as the Battle on Aa)[1] was fought on June 1, 1298, on the banks of the Gauja River (German: Livländische Aa) near the Turaida Castle (Treiden). The Livonian Order was decisively defeated by the residents of Riga allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under command of Vytenis.
In 1296 a civil war broke out in Terra Mariana between burghers of Riga and the Livonian Order.[2] Johannes III von Schwerin, Archbishop of Riga, unsuccessfully attempted to mediate the dispute. As the conflict grew, Johannes III joined the cause of the Riga residents, but was defeated and taken prisoner.[2] In March 1298, Riga concluded an alliance with paganGrand Duchy of Lithuania, which was a subject of a Catholic crusade by the Teutonic Knights and Livonian Order.
The Lithuanians, commanded by Grand Duke Vytenis, invaded Livonia and besieged Karkhus (Karksi). Once the castle fell, the Lithuanians looted, massacred, and took many prisoners.[3] The defensive Livonian forces engaged the Lithuanians on the Gauja River. At first it seemed that the knights were winning the battle, but Vytenis vigorously counterattacked with reinforcements from the Archbishop and dealt a decisive defeat.[1][3] Livonian Grand Master Bruno and komtur of Fellin were killed.[4] According to different sources, either 60[2] or 20–22[4][5] noble knights were killed in the battle. If indeed it was 60, then the battle would be comparable to the Battle of Saule in terms of casualties. If about 20 knights were killed, it would still be in the top 10 defeats suffered by the Teutonic and Livonian forces in the 13th century.[5]
On June 28,[1] the Livonian Order received reinforcements from the Teutonic Knights and defeated residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermühlen.[6] According to inflated numbers reported by Peter von Dusburg, some 4,000 Rigans and Lithuanians died at Neuermühlen.[4] The knights proceeded to besiege and capture Riga.[3] After Eric VI of Denmark threatened to invade Livonia to assist Archbishop Johannes III, a truce was reached and the conflict was mediated by Pope Boniface VII.[3] However, the conflict was not resolved and the alliance between Lithuania and Riga continued for another fifteen years.
References
^ abcJones, David R. (1978). The Military-Naval Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union. Academic International Press. p. 26. ISBN978-0-87569-028-5.
^ abcdWyatt, Walter James (1876). The history of Prussia: from the earliest times to the present day. Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green and co. pp. 327–329. OCLC 1599888.
^ abcIvinskis, Zenonas (1978). Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didžiojo mirties (in Lithuanian). Rome: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija. pp. 222–223. LCCN 79346776.
^ abBaranauskas, Tomas (2006-09-22). "Ar priminsime Europai apie Šiaulių mūšį?" (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
^Munro, Hector H. (1900). The Rise of the Russian Empire. London: Grant Richards. p. 112. OCLC 3728508.
January 06, 2023
battle, turaida, 1211, battle, between, estonians, livonian, order, 1211, treiden, also, known, battle, fought, june, 1298, banks, gauja, river, german, livländische, near, turaida, castle, treiden, livonian, order, decisively, defeated, residents, riga, allie. For the 1211 battle between Estonians and Livonian Order see Battle of Turaida 1211 The Battle of Turaida or Treiden also known as the Battle on Aa 1 was fought on June 1 1298 on the banks of the Gauja River German Livlandische Aa near the Turaida Castle Treiden The Livonian Order was decisively defeated by the residents of Riga allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under command of Vytenis Battle of TuraidaPart of the civil war in LivoniaDateJune 1 1298LocationOn Gauja near Turaida Castle57 11 00 N 24 51 00 E 57 18333 N 24 85000 E 57 18333 24 85000 Coordinates 57 11 00 N 24 51 00 E 57 18333 N 24 85000 E 57 18333 24 85000ResultLivonian Order defeatedBelligerentsResidents of RigaGrand Duchy of LithuaniaLivonian OrderCommanders and leadersVytenisGrand Master Bruno Casualties and lossesUnknown20 22 or 60 knights killedIn 1296 a civil war broke out in Terra Mariana between burghers of Riga and the Livonian Order 2 Johannes III von Schwerin Archbishop of Riga unsuccessfully attempted to mediate the dispute As the conflict grew Johannes III joined the cause of the Riga residents but was defeated and taken prisoner 2 In March 1298 Riga concluded an alliance with pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania which was a subject of a Catholic crusade by the Teutonic Knights and Livonian Order The Lithuanians commanded by Grand Duke Vytenis invaded Livonia and besieged Karkhus Karksi Once the castle fell the Lithuanians looted massacred and took many prisoners 3 The defensive Livonian forces engaged the Lithuanians on the Gauja River At first it seemed that the knights were winning the battle but Vytenis vigorously counterattacked with reinforcements from the Archbishop and dealt a decisive defeat 1 3 Livonian Grand Master Bruno and komtur of Fellin were killed 4 According to different sources either 60 2 or 20 22 4 5 noble knights were killed in the battle If indeed it was 60 then the battle would be comparable to the Battle of Saule in terms of casualties If about 20 knights were killed it would still be in the top 10 defeats suffered by the Teutonic and Livonian forces in the 13th century 5 On June 28 1 the Livonian Order received reinforcements from the Teutonic Knights and defeated residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermuhlen 6 According to inflated numbers reported by Peter von Dusburg some 4 000 Rigans and Lithuanians died at Neuermuhlen 4 The knights proceeded to besiege and capture Riga 3 After Eric VI of Denmark threatened to invade Livonia to assist Archbishop Johannes III a truce was reached and the conflict was mediated by Pope Boniface VII 3 However the conflict was not resolved and the alliance between Lithuania and Riga continued for another fifteen years References Edit a b c Jones David R 1978 The Military Naval Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union Academic International Press p 26 ISBN 978 0 87569 028 5 a b c Urban William 1994 Baltic Crusade 2nd ed Lithuanian Research and Studies Center pp 313 314 ISBN 0 929700 10 4 a b c d Wyatt Walter James 1876 The history of Prussia from the earliest times to the present day Vol 1 London Longmans Green and co pp 327 329 OCLC 1599888 a b c Ivinskis Zenonas 1978 Lietuvos istorija iki Vytauto Didziojo mirties in Lithuanian Rome Lietuviu kataliku mokslo akademija pp 222 223 LCCN 79346776 a b Baranauskas Tomas 2006 09 22 Ar priminsime Europai apie Siauliu musį in Lithuanian Delfi lt Retrieved 2007 05 09 Munro Hector H 1900 The Rise of the Russian Empire London Grant Richards p 112 OCLC 3728508 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Turaida amp oldid 1026345571, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
