From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N.T.R.'s son-in-law and the former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu as president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N.T.R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Guntur.
The Telugu Desam Party follows a pro-Telugu ideology. It was founded as an alternative to the Congress hegemony, by emphasizing Telugu regional pride and serving as the party for farmers, backward castes and middle-class people. Since the 1990s, it has followed an economically liberal policy that has been seen as pro-business and pro-development.[18]
The TDP uses yellow as the background colour for the flag with a hut, wheel and plough symbol in the foreground. The party's official symbol is a bicycle.
Health insurance schemeEdit
Since 2014, every active member is eligible for a life insurance policy of ₹2 lakh to be paid to their family in cases of death or permanent total disability, such as the loss of two limbs of eyes, due to accidents, with additional payouts of ₹5,000 per child (up to two) for educational costs. Active members are also reimbursed for up to ₹50,000 to cover hospital treatment from such accidents.[19]
As a film actor Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (NTR) is a well-known name not only to the Telugu people but also to the entire country. On November 18, 1977, near Diviseema[20] in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, the sea became turbulent and the Pralaya cyclone that crossed the coast at once caused great destruction to the villages. Thousands of people lost their lives in Horugali and Rakasi waves. The rotting bodies were mass cremated. Officially 14,204 people and unofficially about 50,000 lost their lives in the devastation caused by this typhoon. About 20 thousand acres of crops were damaged. Apart from this, property damage is also estimated to be in crores. People still get excited when they remember that Diviseema was flooded. Film actor NTR, who was shocked by the situation at that time, he took the support of entire film industry by saying that he should stand by the people of Divisea. NTR came to streets and beg everyone to help divisema people. The money donated by people was used to rehabilitate the people of Diviseema.
TDP party was founded thinking that we should stand by the people of the state who are struggling with many such problems and put a political party to stand by the people. The party was formed on March 29, 1982 and contested the 1983 elections. The people of Andhra Pradesh, who were fed up with the Congress government which had been ruling for 36 years, gave a great victory to the TDP party in the 1983 elections. On January 9, 1983, NTR was sworn in as the 7th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.[21]
On 16 August 1984, when NTR went to America for the operation, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, one of the MLAs of the TDP party, took the oath of office with the Governor along with his MLAs as the Chief Minister.[22] On 16 September 1984, NTR along with his MLAs went to Delhi and held a march and dharna against the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Then NTR was once again sworn in as the Chief Minister.
This article's lead sectionmay be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. The reason given is: since the content from this section is diverted to other main articles, the content needs to be summarised here majorly focussing party history(July 2023)
N. Chandrababu Naidu
Election historyEdit
Lok Sabha election historyEdit
The total number of Lok Sabha seats in (previously undivided) Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014) was 42. After the 2014 bifurcation of the state, there are 25 Lok Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh and 17 Lok Sabha seats in Telangana. The National United Front was formed with N. T. Rama Rao as chairperson. Under the leadership of Chandrababu Naidu the NDA government was formed with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the Prime Minister of India. The TDP had G. M. C. Balayogi as the 12th Speaker of the Lok Sabha. TDP was the second largest party in 1984 Indian General Elections, winning 30 seats with 4.31% of votes, thus achieving the distinction of becoming the first regional party to become a national opposition party. However, in the next election they were reduced to only 2 seats out of 42 contested, which has to this day remained the biggest defeat for the party.
^Suri, K. C. (2004). "Telugu Desam Party: Rise and Prospects for Future". Economic and Political Weekly. 39 (14/15): 1481–1490. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4414865.
^Price, Pamela; Srinivas, Dusi (August 2014). Piliavsky, Anastasia (ed.). "Patronage and autonomy in India's deepening democracy". Cambridge University Press: 217–236. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107296930.011. ISBN978-1-107-29693-0.
^"Why no centre-right political party in India today?". 16 February 2014.
^"List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
^"National Front chairman N.T. Rama Rao embarks on new political antics, plans an all-India party". India Today. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^"Chandrababu Naidu: Coalitions have delivered clear policies". The Indian Express. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^. 7 February 2009. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^"Grand Alliance in Andhra Pradesh". 14 February 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Sukumar, C. R.; Chaturvedi, Rakesh Mohan. "Telugu Desam Party: YSR Congress backs TDP move, pushes for no-confidence motion against Modi government". The Economic Times. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^"TDP back in NDA; ties up with BJP for LS, Andhra Pradesh state polls". The Indian Express. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^Price, Pamela; Ruud, Arild Engelsen (8 October 2010). Power and Influence in India: Bosses, Lords, and Captains. Taylor & Francis. pp. 246–275. ISBN9781136197994.
^"ONCE UPON A POLL: Eighth Lok Sabha Election (1984)". The Indian Express. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
^Suri, K. C. (2004). "Telugu Desam Party: Rise and Prospects for Future". Economic and Political Weekly. Jistor. 39 (14/15): 1481–1490. JSTOR 4414865. Retrieved 3 April 2004.
^"TDP offers party membership with free accident insurance". The Hindu. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^"Recalling the Diviseema cyclone". The Hindu. 20 November 2015.
^Rao, K. V. Narayana; Ram, D. Sundar (1990). "Political Developments in Andhra Pradesh 1978-1989: A Study". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 51 (4): 540–564. JSTOR 41855522.
^"Dismissal of NTR ministry planned, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao nurtured with care of an assassin".
^ ab"Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results". Election Commission of India. 17 January 2020. from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
(PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
(PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
(PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
"Statistical report on general elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
(PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
(PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
"Statistical report on general elections, 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
"Performance of National Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
telugu, desam, party, been, suggested, that, telangana, merged, into, this, article, discuss, proposed, since, march, 2023, transl, party, telugu, land, abbr, indian, regional, political, party, with, great, influence, states, andhra, pradesh, telangana, found. It has been suggested that Telugu Desam Party Telangana be merged into this article Discuss Proposed since March 2023 The Telugu Desam Party transl Party of the Telugu Land abbr TDP is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana 15 It was founded by the former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh N T Rama Rao N T R on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu speakers The party has won a five time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state s history It is currently the main opposition party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly 16 17 Telugu Desam PartyAbbreviationTDPPresidentN Chandrababu NaiduGeneral SecretaryNara LokeshParliamentary ChairpersonGalla JayadevLok Sabha LeaderRam Mohan Naidu KinjarapuRajya Sabha LeaderKanakamedala Ravindra KumarFounderN T Rama RaoFounded29 March 1982 41 years ago 1982 03 29 HeadquartersNTR Bhavan 1 816 Mangalagiri Andhra Pradesh IndiaStudent wingTelugu Nadu Students Federation 1 Youth wingTelugu Yuvata 2 Women s wingTelugu Mahila 2 Labour wingTelugu Nadu Trade Union Council 2 Peasant s wingTelugu Raithu 2 IdeologyPopulism 3 Regionalism 3 4 Economic liberalism 5 Political positionCentre 6 to centre right 7 Colours YellowECI StatusState party 8 AllianceNational Front 1989 1996 9 United Front 1996 1998 10 Third Front 2009 11 12 National Democratic Alliance 1998 2004 2014 2018 13 14 United Progressive Alliance 2018 2019 TDP JSP 2023 Present Seats in Lok Sabha3 543Seats in Rajya Sabha1 245Seats in Andhra Pradesh23 175 Legislative Assembly 10 58 Legislative Council Election symbolBicycleParty flagWebsitewww telugudesam orgPolitics of IndiaPolitical partiesElectionsFrom 1 September 1995 the TDP was led by N T R s son in law and the former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh N Chandrababu Naidu as president of the party The headquarters of the party is called N T R Bhavan which is located at Mangalagiri Guntur Contents 1 Ideology and symbolism 2 Health insurance scheme 3 History 3 1 N T Rama Rao Era 1983 1995 3 2 N Chandrababu Naidu Era 1995 present 4 Election history 4 1 Lok Sabha election history 4 2 State legislative assembly elections 5 List of party leaders 5 1 National Presidents 5 2 Presidents 6 Legislative leaders 6 1 List of union cabinet ministers 6 2 List of chief ministers 6 3 List of speakers of the Lok Sabha 7 seealso 8 References 8 1 Works cited 9 External linksIdeology and symbolism EditThe Telugu Desam Party follows a pro Telugu ideology It was founded as an alternative to the Congress hegemony by emphasizing Telugu regional pride and serving as the party for farmers backward castes and middle class people Since the 1990s it has followed an economically liberal policy that has been seen as pro business and pro development 18 The TDP uses yellow as the background colour for the flag with a hut wheel and plough symbol in the foreground The party s official symbol is a bicycle Health insurance scheme EditSince 2014 every active member is eligible for a life insurance policy of 2 lakh to be paid to their family in cases of death or permanent total disability such as the loss of two limbs of eyes due to accidents with additional payouts of 5 000 per child up to two for educational costs Active members are also reimbursed for up to 50 000 to cover hospital treatment from such accidents 19 History EditN T Rama Rao Era 1983 1995 Edit Main article Chief Ministership of N T Rama Rao nbsp N Taraka Rama RaoAs a film actor Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao NTR is a well known name not only to the Telugu people but also to the entire country On November 18 1977 near Diviseema 20 in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh the sea became turbulent and the Pralaya cyclone that crossed the coast at once caused great destruction to the villages Thousands of people lost their lives in Horugali and Rakasi waves The rotting bodies were mass cremated Officially 14 204 people and unofficially about 50 000 lost their lives in the devastation caused by this typhoon About 20 thousand acres of crops were damaged Apart from this property damage is also estimated to be in crores People still get excited when they remember that Diviseema was flooded Film actor NTR who was shocked by the situation at that time he took the support of entire film industry by saying that he should stand by the people of Divisea NTR came to streets and beg everyone to help divisema people The money donated by people was used to rehabilitate the people of Diviseema TDP party was founded thinking that we should stand by the people of the state who are struggling with many such problems and put a political party to stand by the people The party was formed on March 29 1982 and contested the 1983 elections The people of Andhra Pradesh who were fed up with the Congress government which had been ruling for 36 years gave a great victory to the TDP party in the 1983 elections On January 9 1983 NTR was sworn in as the 7th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh 21 On 16 August 1984 when NTR went to America for the operation Nadendla Bhaskara Rao one of the MLAs of the TDP party took the oath of office with the Governor along with his MLAs as the Chief Minister 22 On 16 September 1984 NTR along with his MLAs went to Delhi and held a march and dharna against the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Then NTR was once again sworn in as the Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu Era 1995 present Edit Main article Chief Ministership of Nara Chandrababu Naidu This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article The reason given is since the content from this section is diverted to other main articles the content needs to be summarised here majorly focussing party history July 2023 nbsp N Chandrababu NaiduElection history EditLok Sabha election history Edit The total number of Lok Sabha seats in previously undivided Andhra Pradesh 1956 2014 was 42 After the 2014 bifurcation of the state there are 25 Lok Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh and 17 Lok Sabha seats in Telangana The National United Front was formed with N T Rama Rao as chairperson Under the leadership of Chandrababu Naidu the NDA government was formed with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as the Prime Minister of India The TDP had G M C Balayogi as the 12th Speaker of the Lok Sabha TDP was the second largest party in 1984 Indian General Elections winning 30 seats with 4 31 of votes thus achieving the distinction of becoming the first regional party to become a national opposition party However in the next election they were reduced to only 2 seats out of 42 contested which has to this day remained the biggest defeat for the party Vote share in consecutive Lok Sabha elections1984 4 31 1989 3 29 1991 2 99 1996 2 97 1998 2 77 1999 3 65 2004 3 04 2009 2 51 2014 2 55 2019 2 04 Year Lok Sabha Party leader Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome Ref 1984 8th N T Rama Rao 30 543 nbsp 30 4 31 nbsp 4 31 10 132 859 Opposition 23 1989 9th 2 543 nbsp 28 3 29 nbsp 1 02 9 909 728 Others 24 1991 10th 13 543 nbsp 11 2 99 nbsp 0 30 8 223 271 25 1996 11th N Chandrababu Naidu 16 543 nbsp 3 2 97 nbsp 0 02 9 931 826 26 1998 12th 12 543 nbsp 4 2 77 nbsp 0 20 10 199 463 Government 27 1999 13th 29 543 nbsp 17 3 65 nbsp 0 88 13 297 370 28 2004 14th 5 543 nbsp 24 3 04 nbsp 0 61 11 844 811 Others 29 2009 15th 6 543 nbsp 1 2 51 nbsp 0 53 10 481 659 30 2014 16th 16 543 nbsp 10 2 55 nbsp 0 04 14 099 230 Government 31 2019 17th 3 543 nbsp 13 2 04 nbsp 0 51 12 515 345 OthersState legislative assembly elections Edit Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections 32 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome2014 14th N Chandrababu Naidu 175 102 175 nbsp 102 44 9 nbsp nbsp Government2019 15th 23 175 nbsp 79 39 17 nbsp 5 73 12 304 668 OppositionTelangana Legislative Assembly Elections 33 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome2014 1st N Chandrababu Naidu 119 15 119 nbsp 15 14 7 nbsp nbsp Others2018 2nd 13 2 119 nbsp 13 3 51 nbsp 11 19 725 714United Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections 32 Year Assembly Party leader Seats contested Seats won Change in seats Percentage of votes Vote swing Popular vote Outcome1983 7th N T Rama Rao 289 201 294 nbsp 201 0 21 nbsp 45 072 Government1985 8th 250 202 294 nbsp 1 46 21 nbsp 46 00 10 625 5081989 9th 241 74 294 nbsp 127 36 54 nbsp 9 67 10 506 982 Opposition1994 10th 251 216 294 nbsp 142 44 14 nbsp 7 60 13 743 842 Government1999 11th N Chandrababu Naidu 269 180 294 nbsp 36 43 87 nbsp 0 27 14 613 3072004 12th 267 47 294 nbsp 133 37 59 nbsp 6 28 13 444 168 Opposition2009 13th 225 92 294 nbsp 45 28 12 nbsp 9 47 11 826 457List of party leaders EditNational Presidents Edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in officeAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp N Chandrababu Naidu 1950 29 May 2015 Incumbent 8 years 138 daysPresidents Edit No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in officeAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp N T Rama Rao 1923 1996 29 March 1982 31 August 1995 13 years 155 days2 nbsp N Chandrababu Naidu 1950 1 September 1995 29 May 2015 19 years 270 daysLegislative leaders EditList of union cabinet ministers Edit Portfolio Name Birth Death Tenure Prime Minister GovernmentAssumed office Left office Time in officeMinistry of Information and Broadcasting P Upendra 1936 2009 6 December 1989 10 November 1990 339 days Vishwanath Pratap Singh Janata Dal National Front Minister of Parliamentary AffairsMinistry of Rural Development Kinjarapu Yerran Naidu 1957 2012 1 June 1996 19 March 1998 1 year 291 days H D Deve GowdaInder Kumar Gujral Janata Dal United Front Ministry of Commerce Bolla Bulli Ramaiah 1926 2018 29 June 1996 19 March 1998 1 year 263 daysMinistry of Textiles 20 January 1998 19 March 1998 58 daysMinistry of Urban Development Ummareddy Venkateswarlu 1935 9 June 1997 19 March 1998 283 daysMinistry of Civil Aviation Ashok Gajapathi Raju 1951 26 May 2014 9 March 2018 3 years 287 days Narendra Modi Bharatiya Janata Party NDA Ministry of Science and Technology State Y S Chowdary 1961 9 Nov 2014 9 March 2018 3 years 120 daysEarth Sciences State List of chief ministers Edit Further information List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh No Portrait Name Birth Death Tenure Assembly MinistryAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp N T Rama Rao 1923 1996 9 January 1983 16 August 1984 7 years 195 days 7th Rao I16 September 1984 9 March 19859 March 1985 2 December 1989 8th Rao II12 December 1994 1 September 1995 10th Rao III2 nbsp N Bhaskara Rao 1936 16 August 1984 16 September 1984 31 days 7th Rao3 nbsp N Chandrababu Naidu 1950 1 September 1995 11 October 1999 13 years 245 days 10th Naidu I11 October 1999 13 May 2004 11th Naidu II8 June 2014 29 May 2019 14th Naidu IIIList of speakers of the Lok Sabha Edit Further information Speaker of the Lok Sabha No Portrait Name Birth Death Term in office Lok Sabha Election ConstituencyAssumed office Left office Time in office1 nbsp G M C Balayogi 1951 2002 24 March 1998 19 October 1999 3 years 341 days 12th 1998 Amalapuram22 October 1999 3 March 2002 13th 1999 seealso EditTelangana Telugu DesamReferences Edit Telugu Nadu Students Federation TNSF holds dharna at TSPSC newswala com Retrieved 3 August 2015 a b c d TDP appoints leaders for its frontal wings The Hindu thehindu com 25 May 2015 Retrieved 3 August 2015 a b Encyclopedia Britannica Suri K C 2004 Telugu Desam Party Rise and Prospects for Future Economic and Political Weekly 39 14 15 1481 1490 ISSN 0012 9976 JSTOR 4414865 Price Pamela Srinivas Dusi August 2014 Piliavsky Anastasia ed Patronage and autonomy in India s deepening democracy Cambridge University Press 217 236 doi 10 1017 CBO9781107296930 011 ISBN 978 1 107 29693 0 Tumultuous transition 27 May 2017 Why no centre right political party in India today 16 February 2014 List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18 01 2013 PDF India Election Commission of India 2013 Retrieved 9 May 2013 National Front chairman N T Rama Rao embarks on new political antics plans an all India party India Today Retrieved 9 January 2023 Chandrababu Naidu Coalitions have delivered clear policies The Indian Express 28 October 2018 Retrieved 9 January 2023 The Hindu Andhra Pradesh News Grand alliance a morale booster CPI 7 February 2009 Archived from the original on 7 February 2009 Retrieved 9 January 2023 Grand Alliance in Andhra Pradesh 14 February 2009 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Sukumar C R Chaturvedi Rakesh Mohan Telugu Desam Party YSR Congress backs TDP move pushes for no confidence motion against Modi government The Economic Times Retrieved 9 January 2023 TDP back in NDA ties up with BJP for LS Andhra Pradesh state polls The Indian Express 6 April 2014 Retrieved 9 January 2023 Price Pamela Ruud Arild Engelsen 8 October 2010 Power and Influence in India Bosses Lords and Captains Taylor amp Francis pp 246 275 ISBN 9781136197994 Party Wise Representation of Members Parliament of India Lok Sabha Retrieved 12 December 2022 ONCE UPON A POLL Eighth Lok Sabha Election 1984 The Indian Express 21 March 2014 Retrieved 12 December 2022 Suri K C 2004 Telugu Desam Party Rise and Prospects for Future Economic and Political Weekly Jistor 39 14 15 1481 1490 JSTOR 4414865 Retrieved 3 April 2004 TDP offers party membership with free accident insurance The Hindu 30 October 2014 Retrieved 30 October 2014 Recalling the Diviseema cyclone The Hindu 20 November 2015 Rao K V Narayana Ram D Sundar 1990 Political Developments in Andhra Pradesh 1978 1989 A Study The Indian Journal of Political Science 51 4 540 564 JSTOR 41855522 Dismissal of NTR ministry planned Nadendla Bhaskara Rao nurtured with care of an assassin Election Commission 1984 Election Commission 1989 Election Commission 1991 Election Commission 1996 Election Commission 1998 Election Commission 1999 Election Commission 2004 Election Commission 2009 Election Commission 2014 a b Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results Election Commission of India 17 January 2020 Archived from the original on 17 April 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2021 Telangana Assembly Election Results Election Commission of India 1 April 2019 Retrieved 1 April 2019 Works cited Edit Statistical report on general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived from the original PDF on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 18 July 2014 Statistical report on general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived from the original PDF on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 18 July 2014 Statistical report on general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived from the original PDF on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 18 July 2014 Statistical report on general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived PDF from the original on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Statistical report on general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived from the original PDF on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Statistical report on general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived from the original PDF on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Statistical report on general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha PDF Election Commission of India Archived PDF from the original on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Performance of National Parties PDF Election Commission of India Archived PDF from the original on 9 December 2017 Retrieved 30 May 2014 General Election to Lok Sabha Trends and Results Election Commission of India Archived from the original on 18 December 2014 Retrieved 18 June 2014 External links EditOfficial website nbsp Portals nbsp India nbsp PoliticsTelugu Desam Party at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Telugu Desam Party amp oldid 1178814411, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
